This experimental study investigates the impact of social information about others’ tax behavior on individuals’ subsequent tax decisions. Two types of social information are introduced: (i) the average income reported within the subject’s entire group, and (ii) the average income reported within a reference subgroup made of either peers or non-peers and chosen by the subject. Our results show that social information significantly affects subsequent tax decisions, with a change in reported income ranging from 15% to 30% of total income on average. Moreover, the influence of whole-group information on tax behavior appears to be stronger than that of chosen-group information. Quite strikingly, a majority of subjects show more interest in the tax behavior of non-peers than in that of peers. Finally, our data provide strong evidence of behavioral convergence towards the average tax behavior of others.
{"title":"Why should I comply with taxes if others don’t?: Social information and behavioral convergence: An experimental study","authors":"Nathalie Etchart-Vincent , Marisa Ratto , Emmanuelle Taugourdeau","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study investigates the impact of social information about others’ tax behavior on individuals’ subsequent tax decisions. Two types of social information are introduced: (i) the average income reported within the subject’s entire group, and (ii) the average income reported within a reference subgroup made of either peers or non-peers and chosen by the subject. Our results show that social information significantly affects subsequent tax decisions, with a change in reported income ranging from 15% to 30% of total income on average. Moreover, the influence of whole-group information on tax behavior appears to be stronger than that of chosen-group information. Quite strikingly, a majority of subjects show more interest in the tax behavior of non-peers than in that of peers. Finally, our data provide strong evidence of behavioral convergence towards the average tax behavior of others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper studies redistributive choices and tests the trade-off between a meritocratic ideal and the willingness to reward cooperation. We design an online experiment that collects information on real redistribution in favor of subjects that differ in relative performance and cooperative levels. Cooperative behavior plays a major role in making people “deserve” redistribution; furthermore, redistribution to reward cooperation is influenced by the subjects’ income. To quantify the weight of cooperative behavior in redistribution, we present a model and structurally estimate its parameters. We find that a percentage between 37% and 56% of total redistribution is driven by cooperation-related concerns.
{"title":"Meritocracy meets cooperative behavior in redistribution decisions","authors":"Cristina Cattaneo , Daniela Grieco , Claudio Daminato","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper studies redistributive choices and tests the trade-off between a meritocratic ideal and the willingness to reward cooperation. We design an online experiment that collects information on real redistribution in favor of subjects that differ in relative performance and cooperative levels. Cooperative behavior plays a major role in making people “deserve” redistribution; furthermore, redistribution to reward cooperation is influenced by the subjects’ income. To quantify the weight of cooperative behavior in redistribution, we present a model and structurally estimate its parameters. We find that a percentage between 37% and 56% of total redistribution is driven by cooperation-related concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102503
Li Jia , Yi Yuan , Yuxuan Dong , Gerrit Antonides
The effect of trust on household risky financial investments was investigated using a recently developed measure of trust radius. Using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, we show that trust affected both the household decision to invest and the amount of risky investments. These effects were inverted U-shaped. Also, we found that the perceived importance of information from traditional media sources moderated this effect, such that higher importance of information turned the effect of trust on risky investments from inverted U-shaped into U-shaped. The effect of trust was significant only for wealthier households and for households in regions with more inclusive financial development. Several robustness checks and endogeneity analyses corroborated our results. Implications for policy making are included.
{"title":"The effect of trust and information on household risky financial investments","authors":"Li Jia , Yi Yuan , Yuxuan Dong , Gerrit Antonides","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of trust on household risky financial investments was investigated using a recently developed measure of trust radius. Using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, we show that trust affected both the household decision to invest and the amount of risky investments. These effects were inverted U-shaped. Also, we found that the perceived importance of information from traditional media sources moderated this effect, such that higher importance of information turned the effect of trust on risky investments from inverted U-shaped into U-shaped. The effect of trust was significant only for wealthier households and for households in regions with more inclusive financial development. Several robustness checks and endogeneity analyses corroborated our results. Implications for policy making are included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102502
W. Robert Reed , Lukas Röseler , Marianne Saam , Lukas Wallrich
Replication is widely recognized as essential for scientific self-correction, yet published replications remain exceedingly rare in both economics and psychology. At the same time, large-scale collaborative replication efforts and growing attention to research transparency have revealed widespread reproducibility failures across empirical research. This article reviews evidence on the scarcity of published replications, examines why traditional journals continue to resist publishing them, and evaluates the “first-best” proposal that journals should publish replications of their own articles. It then surveys alternative models that journals have adopted, such as dedicated replication sections and special replication issues, and considers their limitations in overcoming structural barriers to replication. Because these approaches have not meaningfully expanded the publication of replications, the article argues that dedicated replication journals offer an essential and complementary solution. By providing a stable, credible, and visible home for replication work, these journals supply critical infrastructure for the self-correcting function of science.
{"title":"No room at the inn? The case for dedicated replication journals","authors":"W. Robert Reed , Lukas Röseler , Marianne Saam , Lukas Wallrich","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Replication is widely recognized as essential for scientific self-correction, yet published replications remain exceedingly rare in both economics and psychology. At the same time, large-scale collaborative replication efforts and growing attention to research transparency have revealed widespread reproducibility failures across empirical research. This article reviews evidence on the scarcity of published replications, examines why traditional journals continue to resist publishing them, and evaluates the “first-best” proposal that journals should publish replications of their own articles. It then surveys alternative models that journals have adopted, such as dedicated replication sections and special replication issues, and considers their limitations in overcoming structural barriers to replication. Because these approaches have not meaningfully expanded the publication of replications, the article argues that dedicated replication journals offer an essential and complementary solution. By providing a stable, credible, and visible home for replication work, these journals supply critical infrastructure for the self-correcting function of science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102482
Åshild A. Johnsen , Henning Finseraas , Torbjørn Hanson , Andreas Kotsadam
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The malleability of competitive preferences” [Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics Volume 104 (2023) 102015]","authors":"Åshild A. Johnsen , Henning Finseraas , Torbjørn Hanson , Andreas Kotsadam","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102505
Orhan Erdem, Ragavi Pobbathi Ashok
In this paper, we explore how large language models (LLMs) make financial decisions by systematically comparing their responses with those of human participants across the world. We presented a set of commonly used financial decision-making questions to several leading LLMs, GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-5, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and DeepSeek R1, each evaluated across multiple temperatures, yielding a total of 21 model-temperature combinations. We then compared their outputs to human responses drawn from a dataset covering 53 nations. Our analysis reveals three main results. First, in cross-national comparisons, the aggregate responses of LLMs cluster together, forming a distinct group separate from all nations, clearly not WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic), contrary to what has been suggested in previous studies conducted in other contexts. Second, LLMs generally exhibit a risk-neutral decision-making pattern, favoring choices aligned with expected value calculations in lottery-type questions. Third, when evaluating intertemporal trade-offs between present and future rewards, LLMs often generate internally consistent and economically rational responses. These findings contribute to the understanding of how LLMs emulate human-like decision behaviors and highlight potential cultural and training influences embedded within their outputs.
{"title":"LLMs are not weird: Comparing AI and human financial decision-making","authors":"Orhan Erdem, Ragavi Pobbathi Ashok","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we explore how large language models (LLMs) make financial decisions by systematically comparing their responses with those of human participants across the world. We presented a set of commonly used financial decision-making questions to several leading LLMs, GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-5, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and DeepSeek R1, each evaluated across multiple temperatures, yielding a total of 21 model-temperature combinations. We then compared their outputs to human responses drawn from a dataset covering 53 nations. Our analysis reveals three main results. First, in cross-national comparisons, the aggregate responses of LLMs cluster together, forming a distinct group separate from all nations, clearly not WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic), contrary to what has been suggested in previous studies conducted in other contexts. Second, LLMs generally exhibit a risk-neutral decision-making pattern, favoring choices aligned with expected value calculations in lottery-type questions. Third, when evaluating intertemporal trade-offs between present and future rewards, LLMs often generate internally consistent and economically rational responses. These findings contribute to the understanding of how LLMs emulate human-like decision behaviors and highlight potential cultural and training influences embedded within their outputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102501
Paul Clist , Ying-yi Hong
The widely-adopted die rolling experiment measures average lying behaviour. Its original design uses so-called control rolls; subjects should roll twice before reporting their first roll, for which they are paid. The second roll is a control, which is neither paid nor reported. This detail has received little attention in economics, but is the basis for Justified Dishonesty. This popular psychological idea argues observing counterfactuals reduces the internal lying cost. Specifically, it predicts subjects report the higher of their two rolls, switching relevant and irrelevant rolls if it pays to do so. Initial evidence appears compelling as data resemble its predictions. However current tests cannot distinguish between explanations, as we show other models can make virtually identical predictions without invoking counterfactuals. We test Justified Dishonesty’s mechanisms. First, we conduct a placebo test, finding that Justified Dishonesty’s predictions are accurate even when the proposed mechanism is not present. Second, we record both first and second (control) rolls. This enables a more direct test of the mechanism, which is strongly rejected in preregistered tests. Our results imply that whilst control rolls may slightly encourage cheating, they do so by altering standard lying costs rather than through a mechanism of switching rolls. This result underlines the importance of apparently inconsequential experimental features in influencing levels of lying behaviour.
{"title":"Dishonesty and justifications: Evidence from the second roll of a dice game","authors":"Paul Clist , Ying-yi Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widely-adopted die rolling experiment measures average lying behaviour. Its original design uses so-called control rolls; subjects should roll twice before reporting their first roll, for which they are paid. The second roll is a control, which is neither paid nor reported. This detail has received little attention in economics, but is the basis for Justified Dishonesty. This popular psychological idea argues observing counterfactuals reduces the internal lying cost. Specifically, it predicts subjects report the higher of their two rolls, switching relevant and irrelevant rolls if it pays to do so. Initial evidence appears compelling as data resemble its predictions. However current tests cannot distinguish between explanations, as we show other models can make virtually identical predictions without invoking counterfactuals. We test Justified Dishonesty’s mechanisms. First, we conduct a placebo test, finding that Justified Dishonesty’s predictions are accurate even when the proposed mechanism is not present. Second, we record both first and second (control) rolls. This enables a more direct test of the mechanism, which is strongly rejected in preregistered tests. Our results imply that whilst control rolls may slightly encourage cheating, they do so by altering standard lying costs rather than through a mechanism of switching rolls. This result underlines the importance of apparently inconsequential experimental features in influencing levels of lying behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102507
Chandan Kumar Jha , Ghanshyam Sharma
We study the effects of a comprehensive, statewide alcohol ban on attitudes towards spousal violence in the Indian state of Bihar. Using a triple-difference framework, we document significant improvements in attitudes towards spousal violence involving scenarios reflecting an increase in women’s personal freedom, such as going out without telling the husband and arguing with the husband. We observe no change in attitudes involving a wife’s supposedly traditional responsibilities, such as looking after kids, cooking, and having sex with the husband. We argue and provide evidence that alcohol consumption exerts a significant income effect, souring spousal relations that causes men’s attitudes towards wife-beating to worsen. Our findings suggest that the alcohol ban benefited women of weaker sections (SC/ST communities) of society the most. We conclude that while such policies can empower women in certain walks of life, they are insufficient to alter long-rooted patriarchal beliefs.
{"title":"Alcohol Prohibition and attitudes towards spousal violence against women","authors":"Chandan Kumar Jha , Ghanshyam Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the effects of a comprehensive, statewide alcohol ban on attitudes towards spousal violence in the Indian state of Bihar. Using a triple-difference framework, we document significant improvements in attitudes towards spousal violence involving scenarios reflecting an increase in women’s personal freedom, such as going out without telling the husband and arguing with the husband. We observe no change in attitudes involving a wife’s supposedly traditional responsibilities, such as looking after kids, cooking, and having sex with the husband. We argue and provide evidence that alcohol consumption exerts a significant income effect, souring spousal relations that causes men’s attitudes towards wife-beating to worsen. Our findings suggest that the alcohol ban benefited women of weaker sections (SC/ST communities) of society the most. We conclude that while such policies can empower women in certain walks of life, they are insufficient to alter long-rooted patriarchal beliefs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102498
Lorena Heller , Rodrigo López , Ricardo Nogales
Over 30% of female workers are self-employed across Latin America, often without health insurance and pension benefits. To understand why and explore potential solutions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in Bolivia to assess the efficacy of interventions to influence the behavior of self-employed women. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six groups, receiving either a message on pension benefits, a message on health insurance advantages, or reduced enrollment non-monetary cost for savings or retirement plans. Our findings indicate that informative messages alone were effective in increasing voluntary contributions to experimental pension and health insurance schemes. Reductions in time, physical and cognitive fatigue required for enrollment did not lead to a significant increase of voluntary contributions. Moreover, we found that the effectiveness of these interventions varied depending on the type of worker, with high-effort workers being the most responsive.
{"title":"Motivating self-employed women to contribute to social security in Bolivia","authors":"Lorena Heller , Rodrigo López , Ricardo Nogales","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over 30% of female workers are self-employed across Latin America, often without health insurance and pension benefits. To understand why and explore potential solutions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in Bolivia to assess the efficacy of interventions to influence the behavior of self-employed women. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six groups, receiving either a message on pension benefits, a message on health insurance advantages, or reduced enrollment non-monetary cost for savings or retirement plans. Our findings indicate that informative messages alone were effective in increasing voluntary contributions to experimental pension and health insurance schemes. Reductions in time, physical and cognitive fatigue required for enrollment did not lead to a significant increase of voluntary contributions. Moreover, we found that the effectiveness of these interventions varied depending on the type of worker, with high-effort workers being the most responsive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102500
William Wical
{"title":"","authors":"William Wical","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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