Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102352
Giulio Callegaro , Mario Lackner , Hendrik Sonnabend
We analyse evaluation biases caused by physical attributes. Using data from German elite soccer, we find that referees are more inclined to sanction players when the difference in body size is sufficiently large. Moreover, we document an ‘inverse Napoleon effect’ in situations when the referee is confronted with smaller players, suggesting that sanctions are used as a substitute for authority gained by stature in the industry. Further analyses reveal that referees discriminate less against more talented players and teams with a higher concentration of these players. Finally, we find that the bias is reduced but still exists for the group of more experienced referees.
{"title":"The Napoleon complex revisited: New evidence from professional soccer","authors":"Giulio Callegaro , Mario Lackner , Hendrik Sonnabend","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyse evaluation biases caused by physical attributes. Using data from German elite soccer, we find that referees are more inclined to sanction players when the difference in body size is sufficiently large. Moreover, we document an ‘inverse Napoleon effect’ in situations when the referee is confronted with smaller players, suggesting that sanctions are used as a substitute for authority gained by stature in the industry. Further analyses reveal that referees discriminate less against more talented players and teams with a higher concentration of these players. Finally, we find that the bias is reduced but still exists for the group of more experienced referees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102350
Hendrik Bruns , Adrien Fillon , Zacharias Maniadis , Yavor Paunov
Do transparent and non-transparent nudges have similar effects? The question is central in recent research on behavioural public policy, as it leads to ethical and practical implications regarding policy-maker responsibility, citizen agency, and nudge design. We meta-analysed results from 23 publications designed to compare transparent to covert nudges including 117 effect sizes and found a positive effect of transparency on behavioural outcomes, but no effect on non-behavioural outcomes. The moderator analyses revealed that studies conducted online, manipulating the decision structure, and conducted in the domain ‘other’ tended to exhibit significantly positive transparency effects for behavioural outcomes. We note that all but two studies were conducted online or in the lab, and that there is an over-representation of research on default nudges (88 % of total effects), severely limiting the generalizability of the findings. Thus, we call for an improvement of research conducted on transparent nudges and the inclusion of more nudge types, preferably in a field setting. We also stress the importance of defining the form of transparency that societies require for respecting their citizen's autonomy.
{"title":"Comparing transparent and covert nudges: A meta-analysis calling for more diversity in nudge transparency research","authors":"Hendrik Bruns , Adrien Fillon , Zacharias Maniadis , Yavor Paunov","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do transparent and non-transparent nudges have similar effects? The question is central in recent research on behavioural public policy, as it leads to ethical and practical implications regarding policy-maker responsibility, citizen agency, and nudge design. We meta-analysed results from 23 publications designed to compare transparent to covert nudges including 117 effect sizes and found a positive effect of transparency on behavioural outcomes, but no effect on non-behavioural outcomes. The moderator analyses revealed that studies conducted online, manipulating the decision structure, and conducted in the domain ‘other’ tended to exhibit significantly positive transparency effects for behavioural outcomes. We note that all but two studies were conducted online or in the lab, and that there is an over-representation of research on default nudges (88 % of total effects), severely limiting the generalizability of the findings. Thus, we call for an improvement of research conducted on transparent nudges and the inclusion of more nudge types, preferably in a field setting. We also stress the importance of defining the form of transparency that societies require for respecting their citizen's autonomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102348
Jieyu Lv , Hongchuan Zhang , Yonghong Yu , Zhiyang Xue , Yulin Cai , Zixi Luo
How group members’ perceptions of each other’s actions influence cooperative behaviour over time remains uncertain. This study explored the effects of praise (praise content and agency) on cooperation in a two-player public goods game through one pilot experiment and three experiments. The results indicated that both process-focused and person-focused praise enhanced cooperative behaviours. Notably, participants exhibited higher levels of cooperation under process-focused praise compared to person-focused praise. Additionally, the act of expressing praise led to more cooperative behaviour than merely receiving praise or no praise at all. Overall, these findings underscore the efficacy of process-focused praise in promoting cooperation, with the expression of praise proving more effective than its reception. These insights suggest practical applications in organizational and educational settings, where implementing strategies that emphasize process-focused praise and encourage the active expression of appreciation could significantly enhance cooperative dynamics and team performance.
{"title":"Praise and cooperation: Investigating the effects of praise content and agency","authors":"Jieyu Lv , Hongchuan Zhang , Yonghong Yu , Zhiyang Xue , Yulin Cai , Zixi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How group members’ perceptions of each other’s actions influence cooperative behaviour over time remains uncertain. This study explored the effects of praise (praise content and agency) on cooperation in a two-player public goods game through one pilot experiment and three experiments. The results indicated that both process-focused and person-focused praise enhanced cooperative behaviours. Notably, participants exhibited higher levels of cooperation under process-focused praise compared to person-focused praise. Additionally, the act of expressing praise led to more cooperative behaviour than merely receiving praise or no praise at all. Overall, these findings underscore the efficacy of process-focused praise in promoting cooperation, with the expression of praise proving more effective than its reception. These insights suggest practical applications in organizational and educational settings, where implementing strategies that emphasize process-focused praise and encourage the active expression of appreciation could significantly enhance cooperative dynamics and team performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102349
Weiwei Weng , Fanzheng Yang
Assigning admission quotas in proportion to regional student population sizes is often seen as a strategy to reduce regional inequality by ensuring equal access to high-quality universities. This paper challenges the effectiveness of such a policy by examining the rationale behind schools' use of local preferential treatment and considering the heterogeneity of student preferences. Using an illustrative model and experimental analysis, we show that high-quality universities have an inherent incentive to resist seemingly fair quota schemes, opting instead to reserve more seats for local students to improve their admission outcomes. Moreover, we find that the equal quota allocation scheme, while appearing fair, may be counterproductive for its intended beneficiaries—students from disadvantaged regions—leading to greater admissions unfairness and widening the regional gap in access to quality schools. As a solution, we propose a new admissions scheme, the quota-free approach, which better serves the dual goals of educational equity and admissions quality.
{"title":"Admission quota schemes and regional inequality","authors":"Weiwei Weng , Fanzheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assigning admission quotas in proportion to regional student population sizes is often seen as a strategy to reduce regional inequality by ensuring equal access to high-quality universities. This paper challenges the effectiveness of such a policy by examining the rationale behind schools' use of local preferential treatment and considering the heterogeneity of student preferences. Using an illustrative model and experimental analysis, we show that high-quality universities have an inherent incentive to resist seemingly fair quota schemes, opting instead to reserve more seats for local students to improve their admission outcomes. Moreover, we find that the equal quota allocation scheme, while appearing fair, may be counterproductive for its intended beneficiaries—students from disadvantaged regions—leading to greater admissions unfairness and widening the regional gap in access to quality schools. As a solution, we propose a new admissions scheme, the quota-free approach, which better serves the dual goals of educational equity and admissions quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2024.102329
Bum Seok Kim , Woosub Kim , Jae H. Min
This study aims to identify which decision-making style is more prone to judgment errors induced by various heuristics by categorizing subjects into five decision-making styles: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous. Specifically, we measure the frequency of judgment errors using the three heuristics of representativeness, availability, and anchoring and adjustment for each decision-making style by presenting 343 participants with several decision tasks. Logistic regression analysis is employed to discern the distinctive characteristics among the five decision-making styles. The results show that cognitive biases caused by using the heuristics differ based on individuals’ decision-making styles, suggesting that these styles are associated with their respective judgment error types. The experimental results of this study can support individuals in making more rational decisions by helping them understand which cognitive biases are likely to occur based on their specific decision-making style.
{"title":"Decision-making styles and cognitive biases: Experimental results from a Korean sample","authors":"Bum Seok Kim , Woosub Kim , Jae H. Min","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to identify which decision-making style is more prone to judgment errors induced by various heuristics by categorizing subjects into five decision-making styles: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous. Specifically, we measure the frequency of judgment errors using the three heuristics of representativeness, availability, and anchoring and adjustment for each decision-making style by presenting 343 participants with several decision tasks. Logistic regression analysis is employed to discern the distinctive characteristics among the five decision-making styles. The results show that cognitive biases caused by using the heuristics differ based on individuals’ decision-making styles, suggesting that these styles are associated with their respective judgment error types. The experimental results of this study can support individuals in making more rational decisions by helping them understand which cognitive biases are likely to occur based on their specific decision-making style.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2024.102325
Huanxing Yang , Zexin Ye , Lan Zhang
In a lab experiment, we compare team and individual play in a coordination game with incomplete information, with and without pre-play cheap talk communication. We find that when both agents are of middle types, teams perform slightly better than individuals without communication but significantly worse with communication. Consequently, cheap talk precommunication does not improve coordination when both teams are of middle types due to the fact that with communication teams exaggerate their types significantly more and are more likely to choose their preferred action conditional on messages sent when they are of middle types.
{"title":"Teams versus individuals in pre-play cheap talk communication","authors":"Huanxing Yang , Zexin Ye , Lan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a lab experiment, we compare team and individual play in a coordination game with incomplete information, with and without pre-play cheap talk communication. We find that when both agents are of middle types, teams perform slightly better than individuals without communication but significantly worse with communication. Consequently, cheap talk precommunication does not improve coordination when both teams are of middle types due to the fact that with communication teams exaggerate their types significantly more and are more likely to choose their preferred action conditional on messages sent when they are of middle types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2024.102330
Vipul Bhatt , Angela M. Smith
Using a simple real-effort counting task and frequency-based prediction elicitation, we document significant absolute and relative overconfidence for a diverse subject pool. Consistent with the Dunning–Kruger effect, an inverse relationship exists between task performance and overconfidence such that low (high) performing individuals exhibit significantly more (less) overconfidence. This relationship holds for absolute overconfidence even after accounting for better-than-average effect and regression-to-the mean and can potentially explain the lack of absolute overconfidence reported in some economic studies. Further, we find negligible correlation between our task-based measures and survey-based overconfidence measures commonly used in psychology studies, indicating these two methodologies may capture different behavioral phenomena.
{"title":"Overconfidence and performance: Evidence from a simple real-effort task","authors":"Vipul Bhatt , Angela M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a simple real-effort counting task and frequency-based prediction elicitation, we document significant absolute and relative overconfidence for a diverse subject pool. Consistent with the Dunning–Kruger effect, an inverse relationship exists between task performance and overconfidence such that low (high) performing individuals exhibit significantly more (less) overconfidence. This relationship holds for absolute overconfidence even after accounting for better-than-average effect and regression-to-the mean and can potentially explain the lack of absolute overconfidence reported in some economic studies. Further, we find negligible correlation between our task-based measures and survey-based overconfidence measures commonly used in psychology studies, indicating these two methodologies may capture different behavioral phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102347
Simon Mathex, Lisette Hafkamp Ibanez, Raphaële Préget
This paper investigates the behavioral rebound effect as defined by Dorner (2019) in an analytical framework where individuals have environmental preferences. We also study the impact of moral compensation (moral licensing and moral cleansing) on pro-environmental behavior. We propose a theoretical model that integrates behavioral and emotional factors and we conduct an online experiment with 1622 subjects to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that a decrease in the marginal damage of a polluting good leads to a decrease in individual’s pro-environmental behavior. This result confirms the existence of the behavioral rebound effect. Additionally, our results show that the moral cleansing effect positively influences pro-environmental behavior, especially among individuals with the strongest environmental attitudes.
{"title":"Behavioral rebound effect and moral compensation: An online experiment","authors":"Simon Mathex, Lisette Hafkamp Ibanez, Raphaële Préget","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the behavioral rebound effect as defined by Dorner (2019) in an analytical framework where individuals have environmental preferences. We also study the impact of moral compensation (moral licensing and moral cleansing) on pro-environmental behavior. We propose a theoretical model that integrates behavioral and emotional factors and we conduct an online experiment with 1622 subjects to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that a decrease in the marginal damage of a polluting good leads to a decrease in individual’s pro-environmental behavior. This result confirms the existence of the behavioral rebound effect. Additionally, our results show that the moral cleansing effect positively influences pro-environmental behavior, especially among individuals with the strongest environmental attitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143261716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2024.102326
Seiyoun Kim , Puneet Arora
One of the Internal Revenue Services' methods for audit is to pick individuals engaged in transactions with other taxpayers whose tax returns were selected for audit. Such related examination in the audit procedure introduces an externality where one's actions can potentially harm others. It can induce a different tax compliance behavior compared to the purely random audit mechanism. We propose a Simplified Related Examinations (SRE) audit mechanism and study its effectiveness against the Random Audit (RA) mechanism using a laboratory experiment. Our findings reveal that the SRE treatment significantly increases overall tax compliance and tax compliance at the extensive margin. We also analyze how varying factors like social distance, group size, and audit rate impact this effect.
{"title":"Related examinations and tax compliance","authors":"Seiyoun Kim , Puneet Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the Internal Revenue Services' methods for audit is to pick individuals engaged in transactions with other taxpayers whose tax returns were selected for audit. Such related examination in the audit procedure introduces an externality where one's actions can potentially harm others. It can induce a different tax compliance behavior compared to the purely random audit mechanism. We propose a Simplified Related Examinations (SRE) audit mechanism and study its effectiveness against the Random Audit (RA) mechanism using a laboratory experiment. Our findings reveal that the SRE treatment significantly increases overall tax compliance and tax compliance at the extensive margin. We also analyze how varying factors like social distance, group size, and audit rate impact this effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2024.102328
Rimvydas Baltaduonis , Jūratė Jaraitė , Andrius Kažukauskas
Numerous field experiments have demonstrated that various monetary and informational incentives encourage demand response by increasing awareness about peak electricity prices and potentially inefficient energy use. However, very little is known about the effects of such interventions on overall market efficiency. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 200 participants to test the effects of different interventions on consumer decisions and overall market efficiency in a market reminiscent of a retail electricity market. We investigate two types of incentives—monetary information in the form of notifications about surge prices and non-monetary informational incentives in the form of peer comparisons—separately and together. We find that notifications about surge prices are effective interventions for reducing resource use and increasing market efficiency during surge-price periods. During these periods, the combination of peak-price notifications and peer-comparison information exhibits the highest efficiency.
{"title":"Behavioral interventions and market efficiency: The case of a volatile retail electricity market","authors":"Rimvydas Baltaduonis , Jūratė Jaraitė , Andrius Kažukauskas","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous field experiments have demonstrated that various monetary and informational incentives encourage demand response by increasing awareness about peak electricity prices and potentially inefficient energy use. However, very little is known about the effects of such interventions on overall market efficiency. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 200 participants to test the effects of different interventions on consumer decisions and overall market efficiency in a market reminiscent of a retail electricity market. We investigate two types of incentives—monetary information in the form of notifications about surge prices and non-monetary informational incentives in the form of peer comparisons—separately and together. We find that notifications about surge prices are effective interventions for reducing resource use and increasing market efficiency during surge-price periods. During these periods, the combination of peak-price notifications and peer-comparison information exhibits the highest efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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