Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics最新文献

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Can paying employees to quit boost motivation? Evidence from a lab experiment 付钱让员工辞职能激励员工吗？来自实验室实验的证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102521

Chiara Natalie Focacci , Tobias Gesche , Henry Kim , Ian Ayres , Alexander Stremitzer

We investigate whether pay-to-quit incentives can enhance worker productivity by conducting an online laboratory experiment with 1000 participants. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control condition, which offered no financial inducement to quit, or to a treatment condition in which they received a one-time offer of CHF 5 ($ 6.16) to exit the task. While our design does not allow a clean decomposition of the total treatment effect into separate motivational and selection components our findings indicate that participants who reject the quit offer complete, on average, 33% more tasks than those in the control group. The evidence suggests that the foregone quit payment establishes a salient reference point, thereby inducing increased effort and a higher likelihood of surpassing performance thresholds. This study contributes to both behavioral decision research and the practice of personnel management by elucidating how a seemingly counterintuitive incentive can have dual effects: screening out less-committed employees and motivating those who remain to invest greater effort.

我们通过一项有1000名参与者的在线实验室实验来调查有偿辞职激励是否能提高工人的生产率。受试者被随机分配到没有经济诱因的控制组，或一次性获得5瑞士法郎（6.16美元）退出任务的治疗组。虽然我们的设计不允许将整个治疗效果分解为单独的动机和选择成分，但我们的研究结果表明，拒绝戒烟提议的参与者比对照组平均多完成33%的任务。有证据表明，放弃的离职补偿建立了一个显著的参考点，从而诱导了更多的努力和更大的超越绩效阈值的可能性。这项研究对行为决策研究和人事管理实践都有贡献，它阐明了一个看似违反直觉的激励机制是如何产生双重效果的：筛选不太忠诚的员工，激励那些留下来投入更多努力的员工。

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引用次数: 0

Violence, class, and entrepreneurship 暴力、阶级和企业家精神

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102529

Zhiming Cheng, Le Zhang

What are the long-term causal effects of childhood exposure to political violence during China’s Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) on entrepreneurship in adulthood? Using a difference-in-differences framework, we exploit variations in exposure to mass killings across regions, cohorts, and socialist social classes. The results show that exposure to more intense violence during middle childhood and adolescence reduces the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur later in life. This adverse effect is heterogeneous by class background. Individuals from advantaged socialist classes experience a weaker decline in entrepreneurial propensity compared with those from disadvantaged classes, suggesting that favourable political status in the pre-reform era partly mitigates the enduring consequences of childhood violence exposure. We further find that males primarily drive the negative effect on entrepreneurship.

中国文化大革命（1966-1976）期间的政治暴力对成年后的创业精神有什么长期的因果影响？使用差异中的差异框架，我们利用不同地区、群体和社会主义社会阶层对大规模杀戮的暴露差异。研究结果表明，在儿童中期和青少年时期遭受更强烈的暴力会降低以后成为企业家的可能性。这种不利影响因阶级背景而异。社会主义优势阶层的个体创业倾向的下降比弱势阶层的个体要弱，这表明改革前有利的政治地位在一定程度上减轻了童年暴力暴露的持久后果。我们进一步发现，男性对创业的负面影响主要是由男性驱动的。

引用次数: 0

Network information and nudging: Experimental insights into agricultural runoff management 网络信息和推动：农业径流管理的实验见解

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102522

Danielle Roy , Tongzhe Li

We investigate the efficacy of both behavioural and policy interventions in driving the production choices which impact levels of agricultural runoff, a form of nonpoint source pollution. In an incentivized experiment, 228 participants act as producers to make input and technology adoption choices that influence group-level pollution under an ambient tax. Three scenarios with varying information available on a neighbouring producer’s adoption of the emissions-reduction technology are evaluated, orthogonal to a pro-abatement nudge. In each round, participants faced an ambient tax applied to all members of their group based on total group pollution. In addition, one randomly chosen participant received a subsidy that reduced the cost of adopting the abatement technology. Our findings show that increased information does not necessarily improve group outcomes under the ambient tax. While the nudge can help achieve socially optimal pollution levels, it is ineffective in networks with greater information flow. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of government outreach to promote uptake of best practices in more connected networks, particularly where the production decisions of other agricultural producers can be observed.

我们研究了行为和政策干预在推动影响农业径流（一种非点源污染形式）水平的生产选择方面的有效性。在一项激励实验中，228名参与者扮演生产者的角色，在环境税下做出影响群体污染水平的投入和技术采用选择。对相邻生产者采用减排技术的信息不同的三种情况进行了评估，与促进减排的推动是正交的。在每一轮中，参与者都要面对一项环境税，该税是根据群体污染总量对他们组的所有成员征收的。此外，随机选择的一名参与者获得了一笔补贴，以降低采用减排技术的成本。我们的研究结果表明，在环境税下，信息的增加并不一定会改善群体的结果。虽然推动可以帮助实现社会最优污染水平，但在信息流较大的网络中是无效的。这些发现对政府推广工作的有效性有影响，以促进在联系更紧密的网络中采用最佳做法，特别是在可以观察到其他农业生产者的生产决策的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Naturally biased? Experimental evidence on how the term natural influences wine consumers’ perceptions and preferences 自然有偏见吗?关于“自然”一词如何影响葡萄酒消费者的认知和偏好的实验证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102527

Beatrice Braut , Maria Alessandra Paissoni , Barbara Cavalletti , Susana Río Segade , Matteo Corsi , Luca Rolle

Food consumption choices have relevant consequences on the environment, and consumers are getting more and more conscious about it. In the absence of perfect information, consumers use signals to infer product quality, but these can also mislead. The object of our work is to test how a label can influence product evaluations and test if halo effects exist after subjects have experienced the product. We focus on wine and the label natural. Using an experimental design in a wine tasting setting, we find that sensory and quality perceptions of the wine are altered by the use of the term natural. The term "natural" is associated with a perceived higher sustainability of the product, potentially misleading the choices of environmentally conscious consumers. However, there is no such effect on the health domain, which would be a deep concern for wine. To drive the influence of the label are the subjects with less wine expertise, for whom information about the naturalness of the wine alters also the evaluation on the health domain.

食品消费的选择对环境有相关的影响，消费者越来越意识到这一点。在缺乏完美信息的情况下，消费者使用信号来推断产品质量，但这些信号也可能产生误导。我们工作的目的是测试标签如何影响产品评估，并测试受试者体验产品后是否存在光环效应。我们专注于葡萄酒和自然标签。在品酒设置中使用实验设计，我们发现葡萄酒的感官和质量感知被使用术语“自然”所改变。“天然”一词与产品的高可持续性联系在一起，可能会误导有环保意识的消费者的选择。然而，在健康领域没有这样的影响，这将是葡萄酒的一个深切关注。推动标签影响的是葡萄酒专业知识较少的受试者，对他们来说，关于葡萄酒自然度的信息也改变了对健康领域的评估。

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引用次数: 0

Risk preferences and other (ignored) behavioral factors in fertilizer management decisions: A systematic literature review 风险偏好和其他（被忽视的）行为因素在肥料管理决策：一个系统的文献综述

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102524

Laura Moritz , Riccardo Spada , Jens Rommel , Tobias Dalhaus , Simone Cerroni

Fertilizer management decisions entail significant economic and environmental implications at the farm and global levels. However, both underuse and overuse of fertilizers often occur, deviating from the economically optimal use. This raises the question of why non-optimal fertilizer behavior persists. One possible explanation is the influence of behavioral factors on farmers' decision-making processes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of behavioral factors in decision-making under risk and uncertainty, focusing on their association with fertilizer decisions in high-income countries. Fertilizer management decisions are inherently risky due to the presence of different sources of uncertainty, such as fertilizer prices, crop yields, and output prices. Our review of 64 peer-reviewed articles shows that most research focuses exclusively on farmers’ risk preferences, often using expected utility theory. Few notable exceptions incorporate broader behavioral considerations. Our findings highlight the need for future research that extends beyond risk preferences and incorporates non-standard decision theories into fertilizer decision models. This could help explain some of the non-optimal fertilizer behaviors observed in practice. Finally, we emphasize the importance of combining primary data-driven behavioral research with secondary data to create a more comprehensive understanding of fertilizer decision-making. These insights may be applicable to other decision-making within and beyond agriculture.

肥料管理决策在农场和全球层面都会产生重大的经济和环境影响。然而，经常发生肥料使用不足和过度使用的情况，偏离了经济上最优的使用。这就提出了为什么非最佳肥料行为持续存在的问题。一种可能的解释是行为因素对农民决策过程的影响。因此，我们对风险和不确定性下决策中的行为因素进行了系统回顾，重点关注它们与高收入国家肥料决策的关系。由于存在不同的不确定性来源，例如肥料价格、作物产量和产出价格，肥料管理决策具有固有的风险。我们对64篇同行评议文章的回顾表明，大多数研究只关注农民的风险偏好，通常使用预期效用理论。少数值得注意的例外包含了更广泛的行为考虑。我们的研究结果强调了未来的研究需要超越风险偏好，并将非标准决策理论纳入肥料决策模型。这有助于解释在实践中观察到的一些非最佳施肥行为。最后，我们强调了将主要数据驱动的行为研究与次要数据相结合的重要性，以便更全面地了解肥料决策。这些见解可能适用于农业内外的其他决策。

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引用次数: 0

A taxonomy of AI experiments 人工智能实验的分类

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102525

Aleksandr Alekseev , Christina Strobel

We introduce a taxonomy of artificial intelligence (AI) experiments. Our taxonomy produces four types of AI experiments: conceptual AI experiments, stylized AI experiments, quasi-natural AI experiments, and natural AI experiments. At the core of our taxonomy is the sophistication of AI used, which we evaluate using a simple and robust proxy test of whether AI is developed exclusively for a research study. We discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and best use cases for each type and illustrate the use of each type in various examples. We provide a guide on how to choose the type of AI experiment that best fits a given research question.

我们介绍了人工智能（AI）实验的分类。我们的分类法产生了四种类型的AI实验：概念性AI实验、程式化AI实验、准自然AI实验和自然AI实验。我们分类法的核心是使用人工智能的复杂性，我们使用简单而稳健的代理测试来评估人工智能是否专门用于研究。我们将讨论每种类型的优点、缺点和最佳用例，并在各种示例中说明每种类型的使用。我们提供了如何选择最适合给定研究问题的人工智能实验类型的指南。

引用次数: 0

For whom do labels work? Heterogeneous effects of popularity and environmental information in coffee choice 标签对谁起作用？受欢迎程度和环境信息在咖啡选择中的异质效应

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102523

Dede Long , Joaquín Gómez-Miñambres , Hongxing Liu

We examine the impact of two common food labels on consumers’ choices: environmental certification and popularity cues. In a randomized experiment, participants chose between two similar coffee products, with treatments varying the presence of environmental and/or popularity information. We also collected measures of conformity preferences, environmental concern, political identity, and demographics. At the aggregate level, the environmental and combined labels significantly increased the selection of the target coffee, whereas popularity information alone had no effect. These averages conceal substantial heterogeneity: high-conformity participants responded to all labels, especially popularity cues, while those with domain-specific environmental concerns responded only to environmental and combined labels. Political identity further shaped these effects. Right-leaning high-conformity participants were most influenced by popularity cues, whereas left-leaning participants with great environmental concern were most responsive to environmental framing. Our findings show that label effectiveness depends on alignment with consumers’ psychological traits and political identity. This suggests that targeted labeling strategies are more effective than blanket labeling approaches in influencing consumer choice.

我们研究了两种常见的食品标签对消费者选择的影响：环境认证和受欢迎程度提示。在一项随机实验中，参与者在两种相似的咖啡产品中进行选择，处理方法不同，环境和/或流行信息的存在不同。我们还收集了一致性偏好、环境关注、政治认同和人口统计数据。在总体水平上，环境和组合标签显著增加了目标咖啡的选择，而单独的流行信息没有影响。这些平均值掩盖了实质性的异质性：高度从众的参与者对所有标签都有反应，尤其是受欢迎程度的线索，而那些对特定领域的环境问题有关注的参与者只对环境和综合标签有反应。政治认同进一步塑造了这些影响。高度从众的右倾参与者最容易受到人气线索的影响，而高度关注环境的左倾参与者最容易对环境框架做出反应。我们的研究结果表明，标签的有效性取决于与消费者的心理特征和政治认同的一致性。这表明，在影响消费者选择方面，有针对性的标签策略比笼统的标签方法更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Price trends in sequential auctions: The case of collectible cars 连续拍卖的价格趋势：以汽车收藏为例

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102518

Olga Shanks

Select theories of price behavior in sequential auctions allow for stochastically arriving and departing bidders. However, empirical evidence of the effect of the number of bidders on price in sequential auctions remains scarce. I use data from Mecum auctions for collectible cars, which I supplement with records of the number of bidders present at each auction round, to test the hypothesis that in sequential auctions the price rises with the number of bidders. The empirical test shows support for the hypothesis and provides a missing explanation for the declining price anomaly prevalent in sequential auctions.

顺序拍卖价格行为的选择理论允许随机到达和离开竞标者。然而，在连续拍卖中，投标人数量对价格影响的经验证据仍然很少。我使用了Mecum收藏汽车拍卖的数据，并在每一轮拍卖中加入了竞标者人数的记录，以检验在连续拍卖中，价格随着竞标者人数的增加而上涨的假设。实证检验显示了对这一假设的支持，并为连续拍卖中普遍存在的价格异常下降提供了缺失的解释。

引用次数: 0

Being the boss at work and at home — Self-employment and conflicts between partners 在工作和家庭中都是老板——自主创业和伴侣之间的冲突

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102506

Stefan Schneck

The self-employed are their own bosses and make independent decisions on how to achieve their goals. We ask if the self-employed not only make professional decisions but also interfere in the private decisions of their partners. Using unique German panel data designed to study intimate relationships, we show a positive relationship between complaints about interference and the self-employment status of partners, which indicates that the self-employed dominate in business and private life. Estimates explaining the frequency of disagreements and quarrels between partners reveal that tensions are more commonly reported by respondents with self-employed partners. Moreover, we show that partners exercising control over their partners are a major source of conflicts at home. In this regard, the significant effect of having a self-employed partner can be attributed to the degree of governance the partner exercises over the respondent’s life. This study is the first to suggest that decision autonomy in the work sphere is associated with dominance in private life, harming relationships.

自由职业者是他们自己的老板，可以独立决定如何实现他们的目标。我们要问的是，个体经营者是否不仅会做出专业决定，还会干涉伴侣的私人决定。使用独特的德国面板数据来研究亲密关系，我们显示了对干扰的抱怨与伴侣的自雇状态之间的正相关关系，这表明自雇者在商业和私人生活中占主导地位。解释伴侣之间分歧和争吵频率的估计表明，有自雇伴侣的受访者更常报告紧张关系。此外，我们表明，对其伴侣实施控制的伴侣是家庭冲突的主要根源。在这方面，拥有自雇合伙人的显著影响可归因于合伙人对被调查者生活的治理程度。这项研究首次表明，工作领域的决策自主权与私人生活中的支配地位有关，这会损害人际关系。

引用次数: 0

Reducing food waste in Chinese university canteens: the role of information and commitment 减少中国高校食堂的食物浪费：信息和承诺的作用

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102517

Hao Fan , Jingjing Wang , Shenggen Fan , Qian Xu

This study investigates the effects of information and information-plus-commitment interventions on students’ food waste in university canteens, exploring the socio-psychological drivers behind their behaviors. The information interventions expose students to the environmental consequences of food waste, while the information-plus-commitment interventions encourage students to sign a pledge to reduce waste after receiving similar information. The information-only approach has a limited effect, whereas the combined intervention of information and commitment significantly reduces food waste. Heterogeneity analysis reveals important nuances in the intervention’s effectiveness. Although no significant marginal effects are found by gender or meal time, the information-plus-commitment intervention exhibits significant differences by dining patterns: compared with dining alone, students who engaged in communal dining show less food waste, suggesting the presence of spillover effect. Moreover, this study highlights the role of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as key socio-psychological correlates of heterogeneous treatment responses. Notably, the positive interaction between attitude and information-plus-commitment intervention suggests a potential “backlash effect”. These findings underscore the importance of integrating strategies and accounting for socio-psychological factors in the design of food waste reduction interventions.

本研究探讨了信息干预和信息加承诺干预对大学生食堂食物浪费的影响，探讨其行为背后的社会心理驱动因素。信息干预使学生了解食物浪费的环境后果，而信息加承诺干预鼓励学生在收到类似信息后签署减少浪费的承诺。只有信息的方法效果有限，而信息和承诺相结合的干预可以显著减少食物浪费。异质性分析揭示了干预效果的重要细微差别。虽然性别和用餐时间没有显著的边际效应，但信息加承诺干预在用餐方式上表现出显著差异：与单独用餐相比，参与公共用餐的学生食物浪费更少，表明存在溢出效应。此外，本研究强调了态度、主观规范和感知行为控制作为异质性治疗反应的关键社会心理相关因素的作用。值得注意的是，态度与信息加承诺干预之间的正交互作用表明存在潜在的“反作用效应”。这些发现强调了在设计减少食物浪费干预措施时综合策略和考虑社会心理因素的重要性。

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