Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics最新文献

英文中文

Does college education make women less likely to marry? evidence from the Chinese higher education expansion 大学教育是否会降低女性结婚的可能性？来自中国高等教育扩张的证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102433

Bin Huang , Massimiliano Tani , Lei Xu , Yu Zhu

We study the impact of higher education (HE) on marriage incidence using the 2017 China Household Finance Survey. Taking advantage of the dramatic HE expansion which increased annual college enrolment by 5-fold in the decade starting in 1999, we explore the effect of education on marriage outcomes by instrumenting years of schooling using the interaction of childhood urban hukou status and a set of time dummy and trend variables capturing the exposure to the expansion. This approach is analogous to a difference-in-differences estimator using rural students as a control for any common time trend. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the 2SLS results suggest that increased education induced by the HE expansion leads to higher marriage rates. These positive effects tend to be larger for women living in coastal areas or larger cities. The estimates are robust to alternative specifications, age range, the age cut-offs for childhood hukou status and controls for birth cohort-city specific sex ratios. Our findings imply that the strong negative relationship observed between college education and marriage outcomes for women is likely driven by educational assortative mating due to persistent gender norms in favour of status hypergamy, which prevents the Chinese marriage market from adjusting to the reversed gender gap in HE post-expansion.

我们利用2017年中国家庭财务调查研究高等教育对结婚率的影响。从1999年开始的十年间，中国的高等教育规模急剧扩大，每年的大学入学率增加了5倍，我们利用儿童城市户口状况和一组时间虚拟变量和趋势变量的相互作用，通过测量受教育年限来探索教育对婚姻结果的影响。这种方法类似于使用农村学生作为任何共同时间趋势的控制的差中差估计器。与传统观点相反，2SLS的结果表明，高等教育扩张导致的教育水平提高导致了更高的结婚率。对于生活在沿海地区或大城市的妇女来说，这些积极影响往往更大。这些估计对于其他指标、年龄范围、儿童户口状况的年龄界限和出生队列城市特定性别比的控制都是可靠的。我们的研究结果表明，大学教育与女性婚姻结果之间的强烈负相关可能是由教育选择性交配驱动的，这是由于持续的性别规范有利于地位重婚，这阻碍了中国婚姻市场适应高等教育扩张后的性别差距逆转。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of a sense of belonging on truth-telling and the role of gender 归属感对讲真话的影响和性别的作用

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102430

Guy Barokas , Oded Ravid

This study uses an online experiment to explore the effect of belongingness in promoting honesty and how this is affected by gender. Each participant in the treatment group was assigned to the subgroup with which they most closely identified, while participants in control group they were randomly assigned to non-identified subgroups. Participants reported the outcomes of unmonitored die rolls, with honesty incentivized by collective bonuses. The results show that the treatment group experienced a stronger sense of belonging and reported more honestly than the control group, confirming the overall effect of belongingness on truthfulness. We also identified a correlation between the degree of belongingness and honesty across subgroups. A post hoc analysis of gender variations revealed that women demonstrated a stronger sense of belonging and a higher level of honesty. Notably, while the effect of belongingness on honesty was significant among women, it was not statistically significant for men. These findings highlight belongingness as a key factor in ethical behavior, particularly for women, with implications for policy design in many contexts.

本研究通过一个在线实验来探索归属感在促进诚实方面的作用，以及这种作用如何受到性别的影响。治疗组的每个参与者被分配到他们最熟悉的亚组，而对照组的参与者被随机分配到不熟悉的亚组。参与者报告了不受监督的掷骰子结果，集体奖金激励他们诚实。结果显示，治疗组比对照组有更强的归属感和更诚实的报告，证实了归属感对真实性的整体影响。我们还发现了归属感程度和诚实度之间的相关性。对性别差异的事后分析显示，女性表现出更强的归属感和更高的诚实度。值得注意的是，归属感对诚实度的影响在女性中是显著的，而在男性中则没有统计学意义。这些发现强调了归属感是道德行为的关键因素，尤其是对女性来说，这对许多情况下的政策设计都有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Infrastructure-driven healthcare advancements: Rural Roads and Maternal Health in Ethiopia 基础设施推动的保健进步：埃塞俄比亚的农村道路和孕产妇保健

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102427

Musa Hasen Ahmed , Wondimagegn Mesfin Tesfaye

We examine the link between road accessibility and the use of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia. Using a quasi-experimental design, we compare maternal health outcomes in villages before and after road construction alongside control villages without such infrastructure. Our analysis suggests that rural road development is associated with increased utilization of maternal healthcare services during the prenatal stage. However, we did not observe significant associations during the birth or postnatal stages. Using data collected before the commencement of the road expansion program, we confirm that the observed association between road access and maternal healthcare utilization can be attributed to the road infrastructure rather than to pre-existing conditions in the villages.

我们检查道路可达性和使用孕产妇保健服务在埃塞俄比亚之间的联系。采用准实验设计，我们比较了道路建设前后村庄与没有此类基础设施的对照村庄的孕产妇健康结果。我们的分析表明，农村道路的发展与产前阶段孕产妇保健服务的利用率增加有关。然而，我们没有观察到在出生或出生后阶段的显著关联。利用在公路扩建计划开始之前收集的数据，我们证实，观察到的公路通行与孕产妇保健利用之间的关联可归因于道路基础设施，而不是村庄原有的条件。

引用次数: 0

Behavioral changes in different designs of search experiments 不同搜索实验设计中的行为变化

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102428

Yuta Kittaka , Ryo Mikami , Natsumi Shimada

This paper summarizes the leading search experiment designs and conducts an experiment to compare searcher behavior under the various search designs. We categorize existing experiment designs as passive, quasi-active, and active according to the degree of flexibility in decision-making regarding the search. Despite the experimental designs being based on an identical model, our experimental results indicate that there are significant differences in participants’ behavior across designs. The average number of searches was the highest and closest to the theory-predicted value in the active design. In contrast, participants searched significantly less in the quasi-active and passive designs compared with the active design. These results suggest that the widely accepted design, which requires participants to make decisions based on a given offer rather than choosing among potential alternatives themselves, may have unexpected effects on participants’ behavior. Furthermore, we found that participants’ risk aversion had a significant effect only in the passive design, implying that differences in out-of-model factors across designs (e.g., the timing of decision-making and recall settings) might influence behavior through risk preferences. We also provide other methodological implications for future experiments.

本文总结了主要的搜索实验设计，并进行了一个实验来比较不同搜索设计下的搜索者行为。根据搜索决策的灵活性，我们将现有的实验设计分为被动、准主动和主动。尽管实验设计基于相同的模型，但我们的实验结果表明，不同设计的参与者行为存在显著差异。在主动设计中，平均搜索次数最高且最接近理论预测值。相比之下，准主动设计和被动设计的参与者搜索量明显少于主动设计。这些结果表明，被广泛接受的设计，即要求参与者根据给定的提议做出决定，而不是在潜在的替代方案中自己选择，可能会对参与者的行为产生意想不到的影响。此外，我们发现参与者的风险厌恶仅在被动设计中有显著影响，这意味着不同设计中的模型外因素（如决策时间和回忆设置）的差异可能通过风险偏好影响行为。我们还为未来的实验提供了其他方法上的启示。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102425

Anne Carpenter

引用次数: 0

Cross−impact and price bubbles in hybrid financial markets 混合金融市场的交叉影响和价格泡沫

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102398

Philipp Chapkovski , Francesco Cordoni , Caterina Giannetti , Fabrizio Lillo

We explore cross-impact in a hybrid experimental market with human and artificial agents, varying liquidity across treatments. In treatment Separated participants hold distinct portfolios for two stocks, while in Integrated they hold a unique portfolio, i.e., can freely move capital between assets. Larger bubbles and asymmetric cross-market impact occur with unique portfolios and decreasing value asset. When comparing experimental and synthetic data, cross-impact is attributed to human players, especially when stock values are close to each other. Artificial players also react to human presence, contributing to cross-impact.

我们在混合实验市场中探索人类和人工代理人的交叉影响，不同处理的流动性不同。在处理中，分离的参与者持有两种股票的不同投资组合，而在整合中，他们持有一个独特的投资组合，即可以自由地在资产之间移动资本。独特的投资组合和价值递减的资产会产生更大的泡沫和不对称的跨市场冲击。当比较实验数据和合成数据时，交叉影响归因于人类玩家，特别是当股票价值彼此接近时。人工玩家也会对人类的存在做出反应，从而产生交叉影响。

引用次数: 0

The baking of preferences throughout the high school 整个高中的喜好变化

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102396

Antonio Alfonso , Pablo Brañas-Garza , Diego Jorrat , Benjamin Prissé , María José Vázquez-De Francisco

This study investigates gender differences in time and risk preferences and how this difference evolves during adolescence. Using a sample of 4,830 non-self-selected teenagers from 207 classes across 22 Spanish schools, we provide a detailed analysis of how boys and girls differ – or not – in economic preferences, and how these preferences change as they grow older. Our large and rich dataset includes information on class attributes, social networks, and friends’ preferences, allowing us to control for a wide range of potentially confounding variables. We find no significant gender differences in patience or risk attitudes at younger ages. However, we find that older adolescents tend to exhibit different patterns than younger ones—girls in higher grades show more nuanced time preferences, and boys in higher grades appear more risk averse than girls. These patterns are shaped by cognitive abilities and the social environment within classrooms. Our findings underscore the importance of considering gender-specific developmental trajectories when studying economic preferences during adolescence.

这项研究调查了性别在时间和风险偏好上的差异，以及这种差异在青春期是如何演变的。我们从西班牙22所学校的207个班级中选取了4830名非自主选择的青少年作为样本，详细分析了男孩和女孩在经济偏好上的差异，以及随着年龄的增长，这些偏好是如何变化的。我们庞大而丰富的数据集包括关于职业属性、社交网络和朋友偏好的信息，使我们能够控制广泛的潜在混淆变量。我们发现，在耐心或风险态度上，年龄较小的人没有显著的性别差异。然而，我们发现年龄较大的青少年往往表现出不同于年龄较小的青少年的模式——高年级的女孩表现出更细微的时间偏好，高年级的男孩表现出比女孩更厌恶风险。这些模式是由认知能力和教室内的社会环境形成的。我们的研究结果强调了在研究青少年经济偏好时考虑性别特定发展轨迹的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-merger performance and merger success: An experimental approach 并购前绩效与并购成功：一种实验方法

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102417

Jung S. You , Minsoo Jeong , Joon-Hee Oh , Wesley J. Johnston

We investigate how firms’ characteristics and cultural integration – defined as the internal cohesion that emerges within a firm’s organization – affect merger success using laboratory experiments. In our design, subjects develop a shared culture while completing tasks, allowing us to capture both pre- and post-merger performance data. Using a panel model that tracks the dynamics of culture formation, we estimate the stable performance level of each firm once its culture is fully developed. We then examine how pre-merger characteristics and organizational culture influence post-merger outcomes. Our results show that the more efficient a firm’s pre-merger organizational culture, the more successful its post-merger culture, as stronger cultural integration emerges among the merging parties.

我们利用实验室实验研究了企业特征和文化整合（定义为企业组织内部的内部凝聚力）如何影响并购成功。在我们的设计中，主体在完成任务时形成共享的文化，从而允许我们捕获合并前和合并后的绩效数据。利用跟踪文化形成动态的面板模型，我们估计了每家公司在其文化充分发展后的稳定绩效水平。然后，我们研究了合并前的特征和组织文化如何影响合并后的结果。研究结果表明，企业并购前的组织文化效率越高，并购后的组织文化就越成功，并购双方之间的文化整合程度越高。

引用次数: 0

Opinion Piece: How to pre-register experimental studies that involve machine learning for text data analysis 评论：如何预先注册涉及文本数据分析的机器学习的实验研究

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102414

Lisa Bruttel, Juri Nithammer

This paper discusses the challenges researchers face when pre-registering experimental studies that incorporate machine learning methods for data analysis, in particular text mining. Compared to standard behavioral data, text data (e.g., free-form chat content) is less predictable in form and meaning, and it is often unclear which representation techniques will yield the most meaningful results. Drawing on experience from multiple experimental studies, we propose best practices and offer guidelines to assist researchers working in this growing area.

本文讨论了研究人员在预先注册实验研究时所面临的挑战，这些实验研究将机器学习方法用于数据分析，特别是文本挖掘。与标准的行为数据相比，文本数据（例如，自由格式的聊天内容）在形式和意义上的可预测性较差，并且通常不清楚哪种表示技术将产生最有意义的结果。根据多个实验研究的经验，我们提出了最佳实践并提供了指导方针，以帮助研究人员在这一不断发展的领域工作。

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty and inequality preferences in the Ultimatum Game: A case study on Kenyan smallholder farmers 最后通牒博弈中的不确定性与不平等偏好：以肯尼亚小农为例

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102426

Wannes Slosse , Kennedy Vaati Mutuku , Michaël de Clercq , Marijke D’Haese , Koen Schoors , Jeroen Buysse

This study examines proposer behavior in the Ultimatum Game through a novel framework grounded in Prospect Theory, integrating uncertainty and inequality preferences. Drawing on experimental and survey data from 240 smallholder farmers in Siaya County, Kenya, we investigate how socio-economic characteristics and membership of producer organizations influence decision-making. By eliciting Certainty Equivalents to estimate individual-level probability weighting functions, we analyze the roles of sensitivity and pessimism as uncertainty preference parameters in shaping proposer behavior. We further explore inequality aversion and preferences for individually advantageous allocations by comparing participants’ theoretical utility-maximizing decisions, as predicted by the model, with their actual observed behavior. The findings reveal significant variations in decision-making across producer organization types, providing fresh insights into the behavioral foundations of economic decision-making in non-Western contexts. This study not only advances the methodological scope of Ultimatum Game analysis but also enhances the applicability of experimental approaches in diverse socio-economic settings.

本研究以前景理论为基础，结合不确定性和不平等偏好，对最后通牒博弈中的提议者行为进行了研究。利用对肯尼亚Siaya县240名小农的实验和调查数据，我们调查了社会经济特征和生产者组织的成员资格如何影响决策。通过引入确定性当量来估计个体层面的概率加权函数，我们分析了敏感性和悲观主义作为不确定性偏好参数在塑造提议者行为中的作用。通过比较模型预测的参与者的理论效用最大化决策与他们实际观察到的行为，我们进一步探讨了对个人有利分配的不平等厌恶和偏好。研究结果揭示了生产者组织类型在决策方面的显著差异，为非西方环境下经济决策的行为基础提供了新的见解。本研究不仅拓展了最后通牒博弈分析的方法论范围，而且提高了实验方法在不同社会经济背景下的适用性。

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