Aghil Soorya Aravindakshan, Raghavendra L. S. Hallur, Sameer Sharma
Introduction and Aim: Trichosanthes lobata is one of the species which belongs to Chinese traditional medicine for the therapeutic purpose of antioxidant properties. Free radicals’ production by the body has numerous beneficial roles including in immune systems, cellular signaling pathways, mitogenic response, and synthesis of cellular structures. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the T. lobata secondary metabolites toward COX proteins and validate their antioxidant potential. Materials and Methods: We extracted the plant using Soxhlet and subjected it to various assays like DPPH and TEAC, followed by in silico analysis. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation have been analyzed with respect to the protein of interest against selected phytochemicals from T. lobata. Results: We observed the significant outcome from DPPH and TEAC assays like reducing the capability in contrast to T. lobata followed by docking and dynamic stability. Conclusion: The current findings have unveiled that the investigated flora, namely T. lobata, is a bastion of secondary phytochemicals. The plant's exceptional antioxidant capacity is attributable to the occurrence of one or more of these secondary metabolites, which exert their respective or synergistic effects.
{"title":"In silico analysis of Trichosanthes lobata extracts: A promising source of antioxidants for therapeutic applications","authors":"Aghil Soorya Aravindakshan, Raghavendra L. S. Hallur, Sameer Sharma","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2912","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Trichosanthes lobata is one of the species which belongs to Chinese traditional medicine for the therapeutic purpose of antioxidant properties. Free radicals’ production by the body has numerous beneficial roles including in immune systems, cellular signaling pathways, mitogenic response, and synthesis of cellular structures. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the T. lobata secondary metabolites toward COX proteins and validate their antioxidant potential.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: We extracted the plant using Soxhlet and subjected it to various assays like DPPH and TEAC, followed by in silico analysis. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation have been analyzed with respect to the protein of interest against selected phytochemicals from T. lobata.\u0000 \u0000Results: We observed the significant outcome from DPPH and TEAC assays like reducing the capability in contrast to T. lobata followed by docking and dynamic stability.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The current findings have unveiled that the investigated flora, namely T. lobata, is a bastion of secondary phytochemicals. The plant's exceptional antioxidant capacity is attributable to the occurrence of one or more of these secondary metabolites, which exert their respective or synergistic effects.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Metabolic flexibility of fungi is unique among organisms. Fungi can produce various pigments of industrial importance. Potential of Talaromyces ruber for beneficial pigments needs to be explored. Hence, the present study aims at the detection of pigments from T. ruber and determining their antimicrobial properties. Materials and Methods: A soil isolate of T. ruber was tested for pigment production. Cellular and secretory pigments were extracted. They were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and detected by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activities of crude pigments were tested by disc diffusion method. The antifungal activity was detected by disc diffusion method, conidial germination inhibition assay and bioautography methods. Results: The results showed that cellular metabolites yielded seven pigment fractions and secretory metabolites yielded five different pigment fractions in TLC. In UV-Visible spectrometry, the absorption range of visible light with 370 to 412 nm detected yellow pigments and absorption of 500 to 520 nm detected red pigments. Crude cellular and secretory pigment fractions showed inhibition activity only on Bacillus subtilis. The antifungal activity of both crude cellular and secretory pigments was observed against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus sp. The secretory crude pigment showed conidial germination inhibition only against Alternaria tenuissima. In bioautography, the cellular and secretory crude pigments showed an inhibition zone for Cladosporium oxysporum. Additionally, secretory crude pigment showed similar activity against Curvularia lunata. Interestingly, the variations in the antifungals between cellular and secretory pigment fractions are also evident. Production of antimicrobial compounds from T. ruber was established after the detection of pigment fractions. Conclusion: Potential of T. ruber to produce yellow and red pigments was realized. Antimicrobial pigments from T. ruber were detected providing scope to develop for industrial scale. These pigments may be used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries.
{"title":"Bioprospecting of Talaromyces ruber pigments for antimicrobials","authors":"Narendrababu B. N., Shishupala S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2667","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Metabolic flexibility of fungi is unique among organisms. Fungi can produce various pigments of industrial importance. Potential of Talaromyces ruber for beneficial pigments needs to be explored. Hence, the present study aims at the detection of pigments from T. ruber and determining their antimicrobial properties.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: A soil isolate of T. ruber was tested for pigment production. Cellular and secretory pigments were extracted. They were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and detected by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activities of crude pigments were tested by disc diffusion method. The antifungal activity was detected by disc diffusion method, conidial germination inhibition assay and bioautography methods.\u0000 \u0000Results: The results showed that cellular metabolites yielded seven pigment fractions and secretory metabolites yielded five different pigment fractions in TLC. In UV-Visible spectrometry, the absorption range of visible light with 370 to 412 nm detected yellow pigments and absorption of 500 to 520 nm detected red pigments. Crude cellular and secretory pigment fractions showed inhibition activity only on Bacillus subtilis. The antifungal activity of both crude cellular and secretory pigments was observed against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus sp. The secretory crude pigment showed conidial germination inhibition only against Alternaria tenuissima. In bioautography, the cellular and secretory crude pigments showed an inhibition zone for Cladosporium oxysporum. Additionally, secretory crude pigment showed similar activity against Curvularia lunata. Interestingly, the variations in the antifungals between cellular and secretory pigment fractions are also evident. Production of antimicrobial compounds from T. ruber was established after the detection of pigment fractions.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Potential of T. ruber to produce yellow and red pigments was realized. Antimicrobial pigments from T. ruber were detected providing scope to develop for industrial scale. These pigments may be used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.H. Teppeeva, K. Karymshakova, Meerim Makenzhanova, A. Zhumabekova
Introduction and Aim: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a common cause of malignant tumors and a major health risk for perimenopausal women. In this study, systemic immunological markers in women with climacteric syndrome (CS) and EH will be examined in relation to the EH treatment option Mirena® levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUS). Materials and Methods: Examining 350 premenopausal women, 84 (23.4%) were diagnosed with EH. The type of EH was identified in 84 patients using a histological study and a diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity. In view of more severe and considerable systemic immunity abnormalities in women with CS and EH, the indirect effect of levonorgestrel's intrauterine microdose excretion on systemic immunity was examined. Results: Mirena® LNG-IUS has an indirect immune-corrective effect on systemic and humoral immunity in women with EH who have a pathological climatic course. It does this by stabilizing the neutrophil pool, activating the receptor function, and stabilizing the absorption and metabolic activity of neutrophilic phagocytes in the humoral system. Conclusion: Due to the pathological progression of menopause and the appearance of EH, alterations in women's reproductive system during this period led to a significant decrease in the signs of CS after the first month of using Mirena® LNG-IUS.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Mirena® LNG-IUS in treating women with endometrial hyperplasia and climacteric syndrome","authors":"T.H. Teppeeva, K. Karymshakova, Meerim Makenzhanova, A. Zhumabekova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2888","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a common cause of malignant tumors and a major health risk for perimenopausal women. In this study, systemic immunological markers in women with climacteric syndrome (CS) and EH will be examined in relation to the EH treatment option Mirena® levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUS).\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Examining 350 premenopausal women, 84 (23.4%) were diagnosed with EH. The type of EH was identified in 84 patients using a histological study and a diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity. In view of more severe and considerable systemic immunity abnormalities in women with CS and EH, the indirect effect of levonorgestrel's intrauterine microdose excretion on systemic immunity was examined.\u0000 \u0000Results: Mirena® LNG-IUS has an indirect immune-corrective effect on systemic and humoral immunity in women with EH who have a pathological climatic course. It does this by stabilizing the neutrophil pool, activating the receptor function, and stabilizing the absorption and metabolic activity of neutrophilic phagocytes in the humoral system.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Due to the pathological progression of menopause and the appearance of EH, alterations in women's reproductive system during this period led to a significant decrease in the signs of CS after the first month of using Mirena® LNG-IUS.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43379095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. G. V., Vatsala K. B., Soumya Gupta, M. Mohan, Deepa Adiga, Cheryl Sarah Philipose, Ranjitha Rao
Introduction and Aim: Cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces and is the commonest subtype of actinomycosis. Due to the similarities in clinical presentation, cervicofacial actinomycosis is almost always suspected as malignancy or tuberculosis. Histopathological evaluation is crucial in diagnosis and management of these cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of cervicofacial actinomycosis in the biopsy specimens. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross sectional observational study of 17 years duration. All cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis diagnosed on biopsy specimens were analyzed. Clinical presentations and histomorphological features were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides with confirmation of organism on special stains. Results: Out of 36 diagnosed cases of actinomycosis during the study period, we evaluated 16 cases (44.4%) of cervicofacial actinomycosis. Mean age of presentation was 38 years. Male to female ratio was 1:0.9. The anatomical sites of eight (50%) were in the oral cavity, six (37.5%) on the face and two (12.5%) in the neck. Two cases (12.5%) had sinuses discharging sulphur granules. Six cases (37.5%) were clinically suspected as malignant and among them two cases (12.5%) also had differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. All cases on histomorphology showed sulphur granules consisting of basophilic filamentous bacterial colonies with Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon and mixed inflammation. On special stains, the bacterial colonies were Gram, PAS and GMS stain positive, and acid fast negative. Conclusion: Cervicofacial actinomycosis are uncommon. Their presentation can mimic carcinoma or tuberculosis. Consistent histomorphological features can direct towards identification of organisms by special stains for confirmation of diagnosis.
{"title":"Clinicopathological spectrum of cervicofacial actinomycosis","authors":"C. G. V., Vatsala K. B., Soumya Gupta, M. Mohan, Deepa Adiga, Cheryl Sarah Philipose, Ranjitha Rao","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2506","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces and is the commonest subtype of actinomycosis. Due to the similarities in clinical presentation, cervicofacial actinomycosis is almost always suspected as malignancy or tuberculosis. Histopathological evaluation is crucial in diagnosis and management of these cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of cervicofacial actinomycosis in the biopsy specimens.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: This is a retrospective cross sectional observational study of 17 years duration. All cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis diagnosed on biopsy specimens were analyzed. Clinical presentations and histomorphological features were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides with confirmation of organism on special stains.\u0000 \u0000Results: Out of 36 diagnosed cases of actinomycosis during the study period, we evaluated 16 cases (44.4%) of cervicofacial actinomycosis. Mean age of presentation was 38 years. Male to female ratio was 1:0.9. The anatomical sites of eight (50%) were in the oral cavity, six (37.5%) on the face and two (12.5%) in the neck. Two cases (12.5%) had sinuses discharging sulphur granules. Six cases (37.5%) were clinically suspected as malignant and among them two cases (12.5%) also had differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. All cases on histomorphology showed sulphur granules consisting of basophilic filamentous bacterial colonies with Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon and mixed inflammation. On special stains, the bacterial colonies were Gram, PAS and GMS stain positive, and acid fast negative.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Cervicofacial actinomycosis are uncommon. Their presentation can mimic carcinoma or tuberculosis. Consistent histomorphological features can direct towards identification of organisms by special stains for confirmation of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45695958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Abdul Rasool Hussein, Ali Abdulateef Hasan Al-bayati, Abdulkareem H. Issa
Introduction and Aim: Two major clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were categorized; acute myocardial infarction (MI) showing ST-segment elevation (STEMI) with ECG, the other non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). This study was designed using a new generation of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T2 (hscTnT2) in patients with acute coronary syndrome to evaluate the diagnostic value and its efficacy in differentiation of STEMI from NSTEMI. Materials and Methods: one hundred twenty (120) patients diagnosed to have ACS were included in the study. Apparently, sixty-four (64) healthy subjects were considered as control. ECG and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Blood analysis of levels of glucose, lipid profile and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were measured as well as estimated the human hscTnT2 concentrations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: ACS patients (STEMI & NSTEMI) showed significant high levels (hscTnT2), Cholesterol, TG, HDL, GOT, FBS and VLDL compared to control. Furthermore, (hscTnT2) serum level in STEMI 225.95 ±120.66 ng/L is significantly higher (P value <0.001) than NSEMI 102.32 ± 58.542 ng/L. the discrimination efficacy of hscTnT2 to differentiating STEMI from NSTEMI is high with cut off value 90.3 ng/L with high sensitivity. Conclusion: The use of new generations of high sensitivity troponin T aided to reduce the time for accurate diagnosis of acute MI to less than 2 hours. The hscTnT serum value was higher in STEMI than NSTEMI patients and shown to be positively correlated with the degree of cardiac damage in ACS patients. The level of hscTnT can be considered as good discriminating diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate STEMI from NSTEMI patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic value and differentiation efficacy of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T2 (hscTnT2) for STEMI and NSTEMI Iraqi patients with acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Ali Abdul Rasool Hussein, Ali Abdulateef Hasan Al-bayati, Abdulkareem H. Issa","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2507","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Two major clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were categorized; acute myocardial infarction (MI) showing ST-segment elevation (STEMI) with ECG, the other non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). This study was designed using a new generation of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T2 (hscTnT2) in patients with acute coronary syndrome to evaluate the diagnostic value and its efficacy in differentiation of STEMI from NSTEMI.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: one hundred twenty (120) patients diagnosed to have ACS were included in the study. Apparently, sixty-four (64) healthy subjects were considered as control. ECG and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Blood analysis of levels of glucose, lipid profile and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were measured as well as estimated the human hscTnT2 concentrations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\u0000 \u0000Results: ACS patients (STEMI & NSTEMI) showed significant high levels (hscTnT2), Cholesterol, TG, HDL, GOT, FBS and VLDL compared to control. Furthermore, (hscTnT2) serum level in STEMI 225.95 ±120.66 ng/L is significantly higher (P value <0.001) than NSEMI 102.32 ± 58.542 ng/L. the discrimination efficacy of hscTnT2 to differentiating STEMI from NSTEMI is high with cut off value 90.3 ng/L with high sensitivity.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The use of new generations of high sensitivity troponin T aided to reduce the time for accurate diagnosis of acute MI to less than 2 hours. The hscTnT serum value was higher in STEMI than NSTEMI patients and shown to be positively correlated with the degree of cardiac damage in ACS patients. The level of hscTnT can be considered as good discriminating diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate STEMI from NSTEMI patients.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shilpa S. Shetty, Ramesh S. V., Arivalagan M., Roopashree P. G., Manikantan M. R., H. K. B., S. Kumari
Introduction and Aim: Coconut palm sugar (CPS) is a functional food comprising unique phytonutrients such as polyphenolics, minerals, inulin, etc., and has a low glycemic index (GI). Based on its distinctive biochemical composition, it was hypothesized that CPS would provide a glucose homeostatic effect. We investigated the effects of CPS oral administration in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: Diabetic Wistar rats were administered with different doses of CPS (200,400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight) and standard gliclazide (5 mg/Kg b.w.) for 28 days. Biochemical estimations for fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and antioxidant status were performed. Results: Treatment with CPS significantly (P 0.001) decreased the plasma glucose levels at 120 min after glucose load. Serum blood glucose, hepatic enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP)), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were also decreased. However, levels of total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased in a significant manner. Pancreatic enzymatic antioxidant levels were restored, and lipid peroxidation was decreased by CPS. Conclusion: CPS showed quite a few health benefits in diabetic rats by bringing back the glucose and lipid homeostasis to normal and yielded favorable outcomes in case of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) inflorescence sap-derived sugar restores the glucose and lipid homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat model","authors":"Shilpa S. Shetty, Ramesh S. V., Arivalagan M., Roopashree P. G., Manikantan M. R., H. K. B., S. Kumari","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.1453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.1453","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Coconut palm sugar (CPS) is a functional food comprising unique phytonutrients such as polyphenolics, minerals, inulin, etc., and has a low glycemic index (GI). Based on its distinctive biochemical composition, it was hypothesized that CPS would provide a glucose homeostatic effect. We investigated the effects of CPS oral administration in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Diabetic Wistar rats were administered with different doses of CPS (200,400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight) and standard gliclazide (5 mg/Kg b.w.) for 28 days. Biochemical estimations for fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and antioxidant status were performed.\u0000 \u0000Results: Treatment with CPS significantly (P 0.001) decreased the plasma glucose levels at 120 min after glucose load. Serum blood glucose, hepatic enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP)), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were also decreased. However, levels of total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased in a significant manner. Pancreatic enzymatic antioxidant levels were restored, and lipid peroxidation was decreased by CPS.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: CPS showed quite a few health benefits in diabetic rats by bringing back the glucose and lipid homeostasis to normal and yielded favorable outcomes in case of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Intestinal parasite infections among children are a worldwide problem, particularly in developing countries. Intestinal parasitic infections can lead to several health issues including growth and physical development in children. This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in school children residing in Al Hawija, Kirkuk. Materials and Methods: This study, undertaken between May 2021 and October 2022, involved 247 children aged between 2 and 13 years residing at Al Hawija, Kirkuk City. Stools samples collected from these children were studied for intestinal parasitic infections. Results: Of the 247 children 194 (78.6%) were seen to harbor intestinal parasites. Among these, the prevalence of protozoal and helminthic infection was observed to be 152 (61.5%) and 42 (17%) respectively. Among the protozoans, the highest prevalence was seen for Entamoeba histolytica (61.8%), followed by Giardia lamblia (30.9%) and Entamoeba coli (7.2%). Similarly, among helminthes, the highest infection was by Ascaris lumbricoidis (45.2%), followed by Enterobius vermicularis (21.4%), Trichuris trichura (11.9%), Hymenolepis nana (11.9%) and Taenia spp. (9.5%). The prevalence for these parasitic infections was observed to be highest in children aged 2-5 years. Conclusion: Children aged between 2- 5 years are prone to parasitic infections in comparison to children between 10-13 years.
{"title":"Frequency of intestinal parasites among school children around Al Hawija, Kirkuk city","authors":"Neama Ali Ahmed, Abdullah Huseen Jasim","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.3086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.3086","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Intestinal parasite infections among children are a worldwide problem, particularly in developing countries. Intestinal parasitic infections can lead to several health issues including growth and physical development in children. This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in school children residing in Al Hawija, Kirkuk. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: This study, undertaken between May 2021 and October 2022, involved 247 children aged between 2 and 13 years residing at Al Hawija, Kirkuk City. Stools samples collected from these children were studied for intestinal parasitic infections. \u0000 \u0000Results: Of the 247 children 194 (78.6%) were seen to harbor intestinal parasites. Among these, the prevalence of protozoal and helminthic infection was observed to be 152 (61.5%) and 42 (17%) respectively. Among the protozoans, the highest prevalence was seen for Entamoeba histolytica (61.8%), followed by Giardia lamblia (30.9%) and Entamoeba coli (7.2%). Similarly, among helminthes, the highest infection was by Ascaris lumbricoidis (45.2%), followed by Enterobius vermicularis (21.4%), Trichuris trichura (11.9%), Hymenolepis nana (11.9%) and Taenia spp. (9.5%). The prevalence for these parasitic infections was observed to be highest in children aged 2-5 years. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Children aged between 2- 5 years are prone to parasitic infections in comparison to children between 10-13 years. ","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dlawer Abdulhammed Ahmad Aljaff, Qays Assi Ahmed, Amjed Abbawe Salih
Introduction: Hyperlipidemia destroys liver tissue, increasing liver enzymes. Increases liver extract ferritin, kidney and liver iron, while decreasing Hepcidin hormonal levels. Olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, and Atorvastatin were compared on liver enzymes, HMG-reductase activity, ferritin, hepcidin hormone, and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues in experimental hyperlipidemic albino male rats. Methodology: The experiment involved 50 albino rats grouped into two (control and test) of 25 rats each, then divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Animals in the first control group (blank) were fed the standard diet and gavaged distilled water for eight weeks, whereas the second to fifth groups of the first subgroup were fed the same standard diet for eight weeks followed by oral gavage with olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, olive oil + hydroxytyrosol, and atorvastatin, respectively, from the third week. Animals in the first test group were fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol for the duration of the experiment, whereas rats in the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth test groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet 2% for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with olive oil extract for the seventh group, hydroxytyrosol for the eighth group, olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol for the ninth group, and a drug Atorvastatin for the tenth. Results: Hyperlipidemia significantly increased the concentrations of liver enzyme in serum, ferritin and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues, while decreasing the HMG-reductase activity and hepcidin hormonal levels in liver extract was seen in hyperlipidemia group in comparison to healthy controls. While the groups of treated animals showed a significant enhancement in each of the aforementioned factors, as olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol outperformed all treatments. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia increases liver enzymes, ferritin, and iron deposition while lowering hepcidin hormone and HMG-reductase activity. Hypercholesterolemia was mitigated by olive oil extract and hydroxytyrosol.
{"title":"Comparison of the effect of olive oil and its derivatives with atorvastatin in mitigating physiological and histological disorders due to hyperlipidemia in male rats","authors":"Dlawer Abdulhammed Ahmad Aljaff, Qays Assi Ahmed, Amjed Abbawe Salih","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2821","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperlipidemia destroys liver tissue, increasing liver enzymes. Increases liver extract ferritin, kidney and liver iron, while decreasing Hepcidin hormonal levels. Olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, and Atorvastatin were compared on liver enzymes, HMG-reductase activity, ferritin, hepcidin hormone, and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues in experimental hyperlipidemic albino male rats.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: The experiment involved 50 albino rats grouped into two (control and test) of 25 rats each, then divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Animals in the first control group (blank) were fed the standard diet and gavaged distilled water for eight weeks, whereas the second to fifth groups of the first subgroup were fed the same standard diet for eight weeks followed by oral gavage with olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, olive oil + hydroxytyrosol, and atorvastatin, respectively, from the third week. Animals in the first test group were fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol for the duration of the experiment, whereas rats in the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth test groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet 2% for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with olive oil extract for the seventh group, hydroxytyrosol for the eighth group, olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol for the ninth group, and a drug Atorvastatin for the tenth.\u0000 \u0000Results: Hyperlipidemia significantly increased the concentrations of liver enzyme in serum, ferritin and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues, while decreasing the HMG-reductase activity and hepcidin hormonal levels in liver extract was seen in hyperlipidemia group in comparison to healthy controls. While the groups of treated animals showed a significant enhancement in each of the aforementioned factors, as olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol outperformed all treatments.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia increases liver enzymes, ferritin, and iron deposition while lowering hepcidin hormone and HMG-reductase activity. Hypercholesterolemia was mitigated by olive oil extract and hydroxytyrosol.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suaad Ali Ahmed, Hussam Mahmood Hasan, Enass Ghassan Sweedan
Introduction and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a wide range of infections, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This research was aimed to study the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of AgNPs produced by Gram positive and negative bacteria on RTIs associated with K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae was determined by tube method qualitatively from select bacterial species characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial susceptibility of the bacteria AgNPs was tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity on a clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae. Results: K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs were strong biofilm producers. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from bacterial spp in this study had good antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis AgNPs had the strongest anti-biofilm effect, with 84% and 83%, respectively, while A. baumanii's AgNPs had the lowest (79%). AgNPs of P. aeruginosa and P. luteola showed the highest (80%) anti-biofilm action against the development of pre- and post-mature biofilms formed by K. pneumoniae, while AgNPs from S. mitis exhibited the lowest levels (69%). Conclusion: AgNPs generated by Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when exposed to K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs had a good antibacterial impact and inhibited the formation of biofilm by K. pneumonia and hence could be used as an antibacterial agent against K. pneumoniae infecting the respiratory tract.
{"title":"Antibacterial action of AgNPs produced from different isolates of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria on biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from RTI","authors":"Suaad Ali Ahmed, Hussam Mahmood Hasan, Enass Ghassan Sweedan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2813","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a wide range of infections, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This research was aimed to study the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of AgNPs produced by Gram positive and negative bacteria on RTIs associated with K. pneumoniae.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae was determined by tube method qualitatively from select bacterial species characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial susceptibility of the bacteria AgNPs was tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity on a clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae.\u0000 \u0000Results: K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs were strong biofilm producers. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from bacterial spp in this study had good antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis AgNPs had the strongest anti-biofilm effect, with 84% and 83%, respectively, while A. baumanii's AgNPs had the lowest (79%). AgNPs of P. aeruginosa and P. luteola showed the highest (80%) anti-biofilm action against the development of pre- and post-mature biofilms formed by K. pneumoniae, while AgNPs from S. mitis exhibited the lowest levels (69%).\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: AgNPs generated by Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when exposed to K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs had a good antibacterial impact and inhibited the formation of biofilm by K. pneumonia and hence could be used as an antibacterial agent against K. pneumoniae infecting the respiratory tract.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyakshi Chaudhry, A. Pandey, P. Chaturvedi, Km. Sangita
Introduction and aim: The emergence of Multidrug-resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species is a therapeutic problem. Linezolid-resistant CoNS (LRCoNS) are on a significant rise, with a global prevalence of around 2%. The acquisition of cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene is the commonest mechanism leading to resistance. This study aimed to determine the molecular characterization of linezolid resistance in clinically significant isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Material and Methods: The 1061 clinical isolates of CoNS were identified by standard bacteriological technique. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to determine the susceptibility to linezolid and those isolates with zone diameter 20 mm (linezolid screen positive) were further confirmed by the automated Vitek 2 compact system and MIC 8 microgram per mL was resistant . The cfr gene was detected in phenotypically confirmed LRCoNS. Results: Resistant to Linezolid was seen in 2.5% of clinically important isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. The resistance was maximum in S.hemolyticus (70%), followed by S.cohnii (22.2%). Among the LRCoNS, the overall cfr gene was detected in 78% of isolates, predominantly in S.hemolyticus and S. cohnii. All the LRCoNs were also MRCoNS (methicillin resistance). However, all isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides. Conclusion: There has been a surge of CoNS being reported from clinical samples with resistance to many important antimicrobials, including linezolid. The presence of cfr gene is the most common mechanism of resistance to linezolid. Early and correct identification of these isolates and adherence to infection control protocols will help for better clinical outcomes.
简介与目的:多药耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的出现是一个治疗难题。耐利奈唑胺类疾病(lrcon)呈显著上升趋势，全球患病率约为2%。氯霉素-氟苯尼考耐药基因的获得是导致耐药的最常见机制。本研究旨在确定临床上重要的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(con)耐利奈唑胺的分子特征。材料与方法:采用标准细菌学技术对临床分离的1061株con进行鉴定。对利奈唑胺进行药敏试验，区径为20 mm(利奈唑胺筛选阳性)的分离菌经全自动Vitek 2紧凑系统验证，MIC为8 μ g / mL。在表型证实的lrcon中检测到cfr基因。结果:2.5%临床重要的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对利奈唑胺耐药。溶血链球菌的耐药性最高(70%)，其次是柯氏链球菌(22.2%)。在lrcon中，有78%的分离株检出cfr基因，主要见于溶血链球菌和柯氏链球菌。所有lrcon均为mrcon(甲氧西林耐药)。但所有菌株均对糖肽敏感。结论:据报道，临床样本中对包括利奈唑胺在内的许多重要抗菌素具有耐药性的con病例激增。cfr基因的存在是利奈唑胺耐药最常见的机制。早期和正确识别这些分离株并遵守感染控制方案将有助于获得更好的临床结果。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of linezolid resistance in clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, a hospital based study from Western Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Priyakshi Chaudhry, A. Pandey, P. Chaturvedi, Km. Sangita","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2721","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim: The emergence of Multidrug-resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species is a therapeutic problem. Linezolid-resistant CoNS (LRCoNS) are on a significant rise, with a global prevalence of around 2%. The acquisition of cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene is the commonest mechanism leading to resistance. This study aimed to determine the molecular characterization of linezolid resistance in clinically significant isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS).\u0000 \u0000Material and Methods: The 1061 clinical isolates of CoNS were identified by standard bacteriological technique. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to determine the susceptibility to linezolid and those isolates with zone diameter 20 mm (linezolid screen positive) were further confirmed by the automated Vitek 2 compact system and MIC 8 microgram per mL was resistant . The cfr gene was detected in phenotypically confirmed LRCoNS.\u0000 \u0000Results: Resistant to Linezolid was seen in 2.5% of clinically important isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. The resistance was maximum in S.hemolyticus (70%), followed by S.cohnii (22.2%). Among the LRCoNS, the overall cfr gene was detected in 78% of isolates, predominantly in S.hemolyticus and S. cohnii. All the LRCoNs were also MRCoNS (methicillin resistance). However, all isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: There has been a surge of CoNS being reported from clinical samples with resistance to many important antimicrobials, including linezolid. The presence of cfr gene is the most common mechanism of resistance to linezolid. Early and correct identification of these isolates and adherence to infection control protocols will help for better clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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