Raising the temperature of airport pavement softens its surface, leading to rutting or thermal cracking. As aircraft manufacturers lean toward heavier planes with higher tire pressures, challenges arise. To tackle these problems, incorporating polymers like high-density polyethylene into asphalt binders has emerged as a solution. This study investigates biopolymer-modified asphalt, blending conventional asphalt with highdensity polyethylene and pine resin. This study aims to compare the performance of asphalt mixtures using both conventional and biopolymer-modified asphalt binders. Various tests‒physical, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, dynamic shear rheometer, volumetric properties, Marshall stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength and Cantabro loss-were conducted. The results highlighted that integrating pine resin and high-density polyethylene increased the performance grade (PG) of the conventional asphalt from PG 64 to PG 82. Asphalt mixtures using biopolymer-modified binders exhibited superior stability, stiffness and resistance to moisture damage compared to those with conventional asphalt. These properties aligned with the specifications outlined in Item P-401 of the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 150/5370-10H. Keywords: Pine resin, High-density polyethylene, Biopolymer-modified asphalt, Performance grade 64, Performance grade 82
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Conventional and Biopolymer-modified Asphalt Mixtures for Airport Pavement","authors":"Ratna Yuniarti","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Raising the temperature of airport pavement softens its surface, leading to rutting or thermal cracking. As aircraft manufacturers lean toward heavier planes with higher tire pressures, challenges arise. To tackle these problems, incorporating polymers like high-density polyethylene into asphalt binders has emerged as a solution. This study investigates biopolymer-modified asphalt, blending conventional asphalt with highdensity polyethylene and pine resin. This study aims to compare the performance of asphalt mixtures using both conventional and biopolymer-modified asphalt binders. Various tests‒physical, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, dynamic shear rheometer, volumetric properties, Marshall stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength and Cantabro loss-were conducted. The results highlighted that integrating pine resin and high-density polyethylene increased the performance grade (PG) of the conventional asphalt from PG 64 to PG 82. Asphalt mixtures using biopolymer-modified binders exhibited superior stability, stiffness and resistance to moisture damage compared to those with conventional asphalt. These properties aligned with the specifications outlined in Item P-401 of the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 150/5370-10H. Keywords: Pine resin, High-density polyethylene, Biopolymer-modified asphalt, Performance grade 64, Performance grade 82","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater and drainage-water sustainability is crucial to water management. Controlling the interaction between the groundwater and drain-water salinity at the watershed level has only been the topic of a limited number of studies. This study statistically compares salt concentration rate across time and four different flow regimes. We sampled water from 2014 to 2018. The study used R software to analyze water-quality parameters utilizing PCA and indices. Multiple water-quality indices were used to test irrigation water. A linear model with TDS as the response was fitted to the data. Another two-factor repeated-measurement covariate model was built. Water-quality indices suggest that measured water from varied flow regimes in the study area is suitable for irrigation. Based on the statistical models, Tukey's adjustment pairwise demonstrates considerable salinity variations between drain water and surface water. However, the main effect of the flow regime on TDS is significant. This indicates that the TDS value varies depending on the flow regime, not on time plus the interactions between these regimes. Keywords: Total dissolved solids (TDSs), Groundwater, ANCOVA, Flow condition, Tile drain, PCA
{"title":"Statistical Assessment of Water-quality Parameters for Different Flow Regimes","authors":"Haider Addab","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater and drainage-water sustainability is crucial to water management. Controlling the interaction between the groundwater and drain-water salinity at the watershed level has only been the topic of a limited number of studies. This study statistically compares salt concentration rate across time and four different flow regimes. We sampled water from 2014 to 2018. The study used R software to analyze water-quality parameters utilizing PCA and indices. Multiple water-quality indices were used to test irrigation water. A linear model with TDS as the response was fitted to the data. Another two-factor repeated-measurement covariate model was built. Water-quality indices suggest that measured water from varied flow regimes in the study area is suitable for irrigation. Based on the statistical models, Tukey's adjustment pairwise demonstrates considerable salinity variations between drain water and surface water. However, the main effect of the flow regime on TDS is significant. This indicates that the TDS value varies depending on the flow regime, not on time plus the interactions between these regimes. Keywords: Total dissolved solids (TDSs), Groundwater, ANCOVA, Flow condition, Tile drain, PCA","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An in-depth understanding of the pre-peak mechanical damage and energy-evolution characteristics of typical hard-rock in a diversion tunnel under cyclic load is of great significance to promote the safe and efficient construction of the diversion tunnel and the stability of surrounding rock. To study the pre-peak mechanical characteristics and the competition mechanism between energy storage and energy dissipation of typical hard-rock in a diversion tunnel under cyclic loading-unloading, combined with the internal drilling and blasting excavation of the actual engineering rock mass and the external vehicle cyclic load environment of the diversion tunnel, the cyclic loadingunloading tests of typical granite and tuff in diversion tunnel were carried out. Based on the analysis principle of mechanics and energy, the strain variables, modulus variables, energy variables and damage variables of granite and tuff under cyclic loading-unloading test were defined. The cyclic mechanical properties and energyevolution characteristics of granite and tuff under pre-peak load were analyzed. The competition mechanism between pre-peak energy storage and pre-peak energy dissipation of granite and tuff and the evolution law of strain damage variable and energy damage variable were revealed. The selection principle of rock sample size and the limitation of the test scheme were further discussed. The study of the damage evolution of rocks close to failure (pre-peak stage) under cyclic load is helpful to better understand the damage and failure mechanism of rocks in practical engineering problems. Keywords: Diversion tunnel, Cyclic loading-unloading, Granite/Tuff, Blasting cyclic load, Energy evolution.
{"title":"Characteristics of Pre-peak Mechanical Damage and Energy Evolution of Typical Hard-rock in Diversion Tunnel under Cyclic Loading-Unloading","authors":"Rongzhou Yang","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.01","url":null,"abstract":"An in-depth understanding of the pre-peak mechanical damage and energy-evolution characteristics of typical hard-rock in a diversion tunnel under cyclic load is of great significance to promote the safe and efficient construction of the diversion tunnel and the stability of surrounding rock. To study the pre-peak mechanical characteristics and the competition mechanism between energy storage and energy dissipation of typical hard-rock in a diversion tunnel under cyclic loading-unloading, combined with the internal drilling and blasting excavation of the actual engineering rock mass and the external vehicle cyclic load environment of the diversion tunnel, the cyclic loadingunloading tests of typical granite and tuff in diversion tunnel were carried out. Based on the analysis principle of mechanics and energy, the strain variables, modulus variables, energy variables and damage variables of granite and tuff under cyclic loading-unloading test were defined. The cyclic mechanical properties and energyevolution characteristics of granite and tuff under pre-peak load were analyzed. The competition mechanism between pre-peak energy storage and pre-peak energy dissipation of granite and tuff and the evolution law of strain damage variable and energy damage variable were revealed. The selection principle of rock sample size and the limitation of the test scheme were further discussed. The study of the damage evolution of rocks close to failure (pre-peak stage) under cyclic load is helpful to better understand the damage and failure mechanism of rocks in practical engineering problems. Keywords: Diversion tunnel, Cyclic loading-unloading, Granite/Tuff, Blasting cyclic load, Energy evolution.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safety of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, bicyclists and motorised twowheelers, on national highways passing through urban areas has been a significant concern in developing countries like India. This study analyzes Visakhapatnam police crash data (2014-2017) to identify high-risk road segments to vulnerable road users. Establishing negative binomial models helps analyze risk variables for fatal and injury crashes concerning several susceptible road users on mid-block sections. Further, this study focuses on site-specific information collected from road-safety audits, speed, average daily traffic, length of road section and percentage of two-wheelers, also considered to fully help understand the likelihood of a crash. The statistical analysis of this paper identified the risk variables, like length of road segment, presence of service roads, land-use type (i.e., commercial/mixed land use), number of curves and average daily traffic associated with the incidence of fatal and injury crashes of vulnerable road users in Visakhapatnam city, India. The conclusions highlight the crucial safety measures that transportation planners and policymakers must take to create a more secure environment for road users. Keywords: Vulnerable road users, Mid-block sections, Negative binomial models, Crash, Count-data models, Safety measures.
{"title":"Modeling of Risk Factors for Vulnerable Road Users’ Crashes on National Highways Passing through Medium-sized Indian Cities","authors":"S. Gandupalli","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, bicyclists and motorised twowheelers, on national highways passing through urban areas has been a significant concern in developing countries like India. This study analyzes Visakhapatnam police crash data (2014-2017) to identify high-risk road segments to vulnerable road users. Establishing negative binomial models helps analyze risk variables for fatal and injury crashes concerning several susceptible road users on mid-block sections. Further, this study focuses on site-specific information collected from road-safety audits, speed, average daily traffic, length of road section and percentage of two-wheelers, also considered to fully help understand the likelihood of a crash. The statistical analysis of this paper identified the risk variables, like length of road segment, presence of service roads, land-use type (i.e., commercial/mixed land use), number of curves and average daily traffic associated with the incidence of fatal and injury crashes of vulnerable road users in Visakhapatnam city, India. The conclusions highlight the crucial safety measures that transportation planners and policymakers must take to create a more secure environment for road users. Keywords: Vulnerable road users, Mid-block sections, Negative binomial models, Crash, Count-data models, Safety measures.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The underground basement of a building is highly affected by anomalous seepage problems. Detection of seepage-prone regions through and around buildings becomes a need in other to sustain their stability. It is of great importance as well to have targeted remedies. However, traditional methods for examining these areas are often destructive and expensive, compelling the use of non-destructive geophysical techniques. This work aims to utilize and demonstrate the hands-on application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and self-potential (SP) methods as an innovative combination to study seepage-prone zones in the basement of a building. Simulated responses of various seepage zones have been generated based on several significant factors. For better visualization, all 2D radargrams of a block were combined to produce a 3D model using GPR Slice software to distinguish various features at different depths. Higher positive SP values show the presence of high moisture or seepage-prone regions. Conclusively, the combined geophysical method of GPR and SP is trustworthy for conducting a quick and effective inspection of seepage-prone regions and probable source points for detailed characterization of the basement of a building. Keywords: GPR, SP, Geophysical methods, Seepage, Basement.
{"title":"An Integrated Geophysical Investigation for Detecting Seepage-prone Zones in the Basement of a Building","authors":"Sanjay Rana","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The underground basement of a building is highly affected by anomalous seepage problems. Detection of seepage-prone regions through and around buildings becomes a need in other to sustain their stability. It is of great importance as well to have targeted remedies. However, traditional methods for examining these areas are often destructive and expensive, compelling the use of non-destructive geophysical techniques. This work aims to utilize and demonstrate the hands-on application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and self-potential (SP) methods as an innovative combination to study seepage-prone zones in the basement of a building. Simulated responses of various seepage zones have been generated based on several significant factors. For better visualization, all 2D radargrams of a block were combined to produce a 3D model using GPR Slice software to distinguish various features at different depths. Higher positive SP values show the presence of high moisture or seepage-prone regions. Conclusively, the combined geophysical method of GPR and SP is trustworthy for conducting a quick and effective inspection of seepage-prone regions and probable source points for detailed characterization of the basement of a building. Keywords: GPR, SP, Geophysical methods, Seepage, Basement.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research endeavors to develop a geopolymer mortar synthesized from eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, utilizing the Taguchi L25 optimization technique to refine the synthesis process across molarity (A), precursor ratio (B) and curing duration (C). Analyzed at five distinct levels across 25 experimental setups, denoted as A1B1C1 through A5B5C5, these variables were rigorously tested. Compressive-strength measurement was employed as a criterion to assess the performance of three samples from each setup, alongside setting-time evaluation to ascertain the geopolymer concrete's workability. Optimal results were observed with a 60% eggshell to 40% slag ratio (A5B1C5), yielding the highest average compressive strength of 49.5 MPa after a curing period of 56 days. Conversely, a mix comprising 100% eggshell (A2B5C1) manifested the lowest compressive strength of 5 MPa at a 3-day curing period. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio analysis pinpointed the precursor ratio as a crucial determinant of compressive strength. Additionally, setting-time investigations revealed A5B1C5 as exhibiting the most advantageous initial and final setting times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively, compared to the protracted durations of 240 minutes and 540 minutes for A2B5C1. Through comprehensive chemical, micro-structural and mineralogical characterizations via X-ray fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, it was found that an increased proportion of ground granulated blastfurnace slag relative to eggshell enhances surface smoothness and density, indicative of successful polymerization. This was further corroborated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of sodium alumina-silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels. Consequently, the study substantiates the potential of employing eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in the sustainable fabrication of geopolymers from waste materials. Keywords: Geopolymers, GGBFS, Eggshell, Taguchi Method, Compressive strength
{"title":"Synthesis of Eggshell Powder and GGBS Geopolymer Designed by the Taguchi Method","authors":"M. A. Putra Handana","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research endeavors to develop a geopolymer mortar synthesized from eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, utilizing the Taguchi L25 optimization technique to refine the synthesis process across molarity (A), precursor ratio (B) and curing duration (C). Analyzed at five distinct levels across 25 experimental setups, denoted as A1B1C1 through A5B5C5, these variables were rigorously tested. Compressive-strength measurement was employed as a criterion to assess the performance of three samples from each setup, alongside setting-time evaluation to ascertain the geopolymer concrete's workability. Optimal results were observed with a 60% eggshell to 40% slag ratio (A5B1C5), yielding the highest average compressive strength of 49.5 MPa after a curing period of 56 days. Conversely, a mix comprising 100% eggshell (A2B5C1) manifested the lowest compressive strength of 5 MPa at a 3-day curing period. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio analysis pinpointed the precursor ratio as a crucial determinant of compressive strength. Additionally, setting-time investigations revealed A5B1C5 as exhibiting the most advantageous initial and final setting times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively, compared to the protracted durations of 240 minutes and 540 minutes for A2B5C1. Through comprehensive chemical, micro-structural and mineralogical characterizations via X-ray fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, it was found that an increased proportion of ground granulated blastfurnace slag relative to eggshell enhances surface smoothness and density, indicative of successful polymerization. This was further corroborated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of sodium alumina-silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels. Consequently, the study substantiates the potential of employing eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in the sustainable fabrication of geopolymers from waste materials. Keywords: Geopolymers, GGBFS, Eggshell, Taguchi Method, Compressive strength","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the fracture toughness in self-compacting concrete containing different percentages of recycled concrete materials using edge-notched disc bend (ENDB) samples. For this reason, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of recycled aggregate were used instead of natural aggregate in the mixing designs. To obtain the fracture toughness, ENDB samples were used under loading of mixed mode I/III and pure modes I and III. Cubic samples were also used to obtain compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of the samples has a direct relationship with the fracture toughness and the reverse ratio with the percentage of recycled concrete materials. Also, samples containing 25% recycled materials have the highest compressive strength and fracture toughness. Furthermore, as the recycled percentage of the samples increases, the performance of samples against shear forces and compressive strength is reduced. Keywords: Fracture toughness, Mixed mode I/III, Recycled materials, Self-compacting concrete, ENDB sample
{"title":"Laboratory Investigations on Fracture Toughness of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Recycled Materials","authors":"Siyab Houshmandi Khanghahi","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.03","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the fracture toughness in self-compacting concrete containing different percentages of recycled concrete materials using edge-notched disc bend (ENDB) samples. For this reason, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of recycled aggregate were used instead of natural aggregate in the mixing designs. To obtain the fracture toughness, ENDB samples were used under loading of mixed mode I/III and pure modes I and III. Cubic samples were also used to obtain compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of the samples has a direct relationship with the fracture toughness and the reverse ratio with the percentage of recycled concrete materials. Also, samples containing 25% recycled materials have the highest compressive strength and fracture toughness. Furthermore, as the recycled percentage of the samples increases, the performance of samples against shear forces and compressive strength is reduced. Keywords: Fracture toughness, Mixed mode I/III, Recycled materials, Self-compacting concrete, ENDB sample","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The building sector contributes significantly to the greenhouse effect, generating significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. Traditional methods for assessing emissions, such as software evaluation and site inspection, are time-consuming and do not adequately account for variability and uncertainty in emission data. This research aims to investigate and analyze the statistical characteristics of the operational carbon produced from different types of buildings in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The investigation focused on residential, commercial and educational buildings and their heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, walls and window systems. All scenarios were statistically evaluated through linear-regression analysis, correlation analysis, Probability Mass Functions (PMFs) and Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs). The results of linear-regression analysis revealed an average accuracy (R2 ) of 0.958. The results of correlation analysis indicated that upgrading the HVAC system in residential and commercial buildings reduced the operational carbon, while in educational buildings, upgrading the window systems reduced the operational carbon. Finally, the PMF and CDF analyses indicated that upgrading the HVAC system in residential and commercial buildings was the optimal option, which reduced the carbon percentage by 28.56% and 28.48%, respectively. However, upgrading the window system was the optimal option for educational buildings, reducing the carbon percentage by 75.80%. Keywords: Operational carbon, Linear regression, Correlation analysis, Probability mass functions, Cumulative distribution functions.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Operational Carbon for Different Building Types in the UAE","authors":"Fatma Hosny","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector contributes significantly to the greenhouse effect, generating significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. Traditional methods for assessing emissions, such as software evaluation and site inspection, are time-consuming and do not adequately account for variability and uncertainty in emission data. This research aims to investigate and analyze the statistical characteristics of the operational carbon produced from different types of buildings in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The investigation focused on residential, commercial and educational buildings and their heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, walls and window systems. All scenarios were statistically evaluated through linear-regression analysis, correlation analysis, Probability Mass Functions (PMFs) and Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs). The results of linear-regression analysis revealed an average accuracy (R2 ) of 0.958. The results of correlation analysis indicated that upgrading the HVAC system in residential and commercial buildings reduced the operational carbon, while in educational buildings, upgrading the window systems reduced the operational carbon. Finally, the PMF and CDF analyses indicated that upgrading the HVAC system in residential and commercial buildings was the optimal option, which reduced the carbon percentage by 28.56% and 28.48%, respectively. However, upgrading the window system was the optimal option for educational buildings, reducing the carbon percentage by 75.80%. Keywords: Operational carbon, Linear regression, Correlation analysis, Probability mass functions, Cumulative distribution functions.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the numerical-simulation test data from the wind tunnel, the wind-pressure characteristics of low-rise buildings with gable roofs are examined and compared to standard values under different roof slopes, eave heights and terrains. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of variation, a numerical-simulation study was conducted for selected conditions. The results indicate that when the roof slope is less than 3:12, the negative value of the shape coefficient for the windward roof of the building can reach up to -0.89, far exceeding the code value of -0.5. It is suggested that when the slope is not larger than 3:12, the shape coefficient for the windward roof should be -0.9 and the coefficient for the leeward roof should be determined through linear interpolation within the range from -0.4 to -0.75 based on the roof's slope size. With the increase of eave height and the decrease of ground roughness, the vortex intensity of the roof and the leeward surface increases and the area proportion of high negative pressure area in the vortex influence range increases. Thus, the negative value of the shape coefficient for the roof and the leeward surface becomes larger, which is higher than the code value. It is proposed that under an eave height of 12 m, the shape coefficient for the windward roof should be -0.95. Meanwhile, those of the leeward roof, leeward surface and sidewall 2 should be -0.6 under open terrain. Keywords: Low-rise buildings, Wind-tunnel test, Wind load, Shape coefficient, Numerical simulation
{"title":"Wind Pressure of Low-rise Buildings Based on Wind-tunnel Numerical-simulation Test","authors":"Ding Huiqi","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the numerical-simulation test data from the wind tunnel, the wind-pressure characteristics of low-rise buildings with gable roofs are examined and compared to standard values under different roof slopes, eave heights and terrains. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of variation, a numerical-simulation study was conducted for selected conditions. The results indicate that when the roof slope is less than 3:12, the negative value of the shape coefficient for the windward roof of the building can reach up to -0.89, far exceeding the code value of -0.5. It is suggested that when the slope is not larger than 3:12, the shape coefficient for the windward roof should be -0.9 and the coefficient for the leeward roof should be determined through linear interpolation within the range from -0.4 to -0.75 based on the roof's slope size. With the increase of eave height and the decrease of ground roughness, the vortex intensity of the roof and the leeward surface increases and the area proportion of high negative pressure area in the vortex influence range increases. Thus, the negative value of the shape coefficient for the roof and the leeward surface becomes larger, which is higher than the code value. It is proposed that under an eave height of 12 m, the shape coefficient for the windward roof should be -0.95. Meanwhile, those of the leeward roof, leeward surface and sidewall 2 should be -0.6 under open terrain. Keywords: Low-rise buildings, Wind-tunnel test, Wind load, Shape coefficient, Numerical simulation","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the mechanical properties of porous-asphalt pavement, focusing on the influence of various polymers (elastomeric and reactive elastomeric terpolymers) and different aggregate compositions. Two aggregates were utilized: one is exclusively limestone-based and the other is a blend of limestone and basalt aggregates. The research findings unveiled that mixtures containing the conventional bitumen failed to meet the Cantabro loss-test criterion required for porous asphalt, necessitating a maximum threshold of 20%. In contrast, asphalt mixtures modified with polymers exhibited notably superior performance, particularly in terms of permeability, Cantabro loss and the ratio of indirect tensile strength. These results underscore the significant impact of polymer modification on enhancing the crucial mechanical properties of porous asphalt. Therefore, the study suggests the adoption of polymer-modified asphalt as a viable strategy to improve pavement longevity and overall performance, promoting its use for sustainable and durable infrastructure. Keywords: Porous asphalt, Permeability, Modified porous asphalt, Porous-asphalt design, Polymer modification, Cantabro loss.
{"title":"Mechanical Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Permeable Pavement: Enhanced Porous Asphalt","authors":"Ahmet Bugra Ibis","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the mechanical properties of porous-asphalt pavement, focusing on the influence of various polymers (elastomeric and reactive elastomeric terpolymers) and different aggregate compositions. Two aggregates were utilized: one is exclusively limestone-based and the other is a blend of limestone and basalt aggregates. The research findings unveiled that mixtures containing the conventional bitumen failed to meet the Cantabro loss-test criterion required for porous asphalt, necessitating a maximum threshold of 20%. In contrast, asphalt mixtures modified with polymers exhibited notably superior performance, particularly in terms of permeability, Cantabro loss and the ratio of indirect tensile strength. These results underscore the significant impact of polymer modification on enhancing the crucial mechanical properties of porous asphalt. Therefore, the study suggests the adoption of polymer-modified asphalt as a viable strategy to improve pavement longevity and overall performance, promoting its use for sustainable and durable infrastructure. Keywords: Porous asphalt, Permeability, Modified porous asphalt, Porous-asphalt design, Polymer modification, Cantabro loss.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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