Pedestrianand cyclistinvolved crashes at intersections remain a major concern in China due to high ratio of fatal injuries and fatalities. This paper develops the random parameters negative binominal model to determine the relationship between potential contributory factors and crash frequency involving pedestrians and bicyclists at intersection locations and identify the significant risk factors, using 4,066 observations over the period 2008–2013 from Zhengzhou and Xi’an, China. The use of random parameters’ model is utilized as a mean to accommodate possible unobserved heterogeneity across intersections, and a maximum likelihood method with Halton draws is proposed to estimate the maximum likelihood of random parameters. Additionally, marginal effects are applied to assess the impact of expected instantaneous change of each dependent variable on crash frequency while keeping all the other covariates constant. Among many potential factors, passenger countdown timer, passenger push button, number of left turn lanes, left turn traffic, ratio of major direction AADT to minor direction AADT and driver’s disregarding ‘give-way’ sign behavior,... etc. have significant association with passenger crash frequency, but a less impact on bicyclist crashes. The findings of current study could provide an important insight into traffic safety improvement projects for passengers and bicyclists at both planning and operational levels.
{"title":"Keeping Intersections Safe for Vulnerable Users: Contributory Factors to Pedestrians’ and Bicyclists’ Crossing Safety","authors":"Yangdong Zhao, Hong Chen","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3407","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrianand cyclistinvolved crashes at intersections remain a major concern in China due to high ratio of fatal injuries and fatalities. This paper develops the random parameters negative binominal model to determine the relationship between potential contributory factors and crash frequency involving pedestrians and bicyclists at intersection locations and identify the significant risk factors, using 4,066 observations over the period 2008–2013 from Zhengzhou and Xi’an, China. The use of random parameters’ model is utilized as a mean to accommodate possible unobserved heterogeneity across intersections, and a maximum likelihood method with Halton draws is proposed to estimate the maximum likelihood of random parameters. Additionally, marginal effects are applied to assess the impact of expected instantaneous change of each dependent variable on crash frequency while keeping all the other covariates constant. Among many potential factors, passenger countdown timer, passenger push button, number of left turn lanes, left turn traffic, ratio of major direction AADT to minor direction AADT and driver’s disregarding ‘give-way’ sign behavior,... etc. have significant association with passenger crash frequency, but a less impact on bicyclist crashes. The findings of current study could provide an important insight into traffic safety improvement projects for passengers and bicyclists at both planning and operational levels.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrological models have become an important tool for the efficient management of water resources. However, selection of appropriate models for evapotranspiration (ET) computations in river basins remains challenging to watershed managers, especially in data-scarce regions. The performance of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-based model for the prediction of potential and actual evapotranspiration (PET and AET) of OgunOshun river basin, Nigeria was investigated. Spatial and meteorological data was applied in setting up Mapwindow SWAT model. The three existing methods: Penman-Monteith, Priestly-Taylor (radiation-based) and Hargreaves (temperature-based), available in SWAT-were applied for the evaluation of PET and AET using soil, topographic, land-use and meteorological data as input parameters. The model results show a good correlation between the simulated and observed dataset as shown by Nasch-Sucliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination values. For the 30 year-simulation period, the predicted average PET values for PenmanMonteith, Priestley-Taylor and Hargreaves methods were 1791.516, 1684.597 and 1724.563 mm with corresponding standard deviation values of 89.322, 53.824 and 77.867 mm, respectively. The analysis indicated that Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves methods yielded almost the same results, while Priestly-Taylor method slightly differs, which establishes that it is not very suitable for arid/semi-arid regions. The study could be beneficial to watershed managers in addressing climate-related problems and for sustainable water resource management. KEYWORDS: SWAT, Potential evapotranspiration, Actual evapotranspiration, Watershed.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of SWAT-based Model for the Prediction of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration","authors":"Abdulkadir T. Sholagberu","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v16i1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v16i1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological models have become an important tool for the efficient management of water resources. However, selection of appropriate models for evapotranspiration (ET) computations in river basins remains challenging to watershed managers, especially in data-scarce regions. The performance of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-based model for the prediction of potential and actual evapotranspiration (PET and AET) of OgunOshun river basin, Nigeria was investigated. Spatial and meteorological data was applied in setting up Mapwindow SWAT model. The three existing methods: Penman-Monteith, Priestly-Taylor (radiation-based) and Hargreaves (temperature-based), available in SWAT-were applied for the evaluation of PET and AET using soil, topographic, land-use and meteorological data as input parameters. The model results show a good correlation between the simulated and observed dataset as shown by Nasch-Sucliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination values. For the 30 year-simulation period, the predicted average PET values for PenmanMonteith, Priestley-Taylor and Hargreaves methods were 1791.516, 1684.597 and 1724.563 mm with corresponding standard deviation values of 89.322, 53.824 and 77.867 mm, respectively. The analysis indicated that Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves methods yielded almost the same results, while Priestly-Taylor method slightly differs, which establishes that it is not very suitable for arid/semi-arid regions. The study could be beneficial to watershed managers in addressing climate-related problems and for sustainable water resource management. KEYWORDS: SWAT, Potential evapotranspiration, Actual evapotranspiration, Watershed.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66632632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New performance-based design procedures with the incorporation of operating speeds were proposed utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies for arterial performance evaluation and congestion quantification at urban areas. The relevance of geometrical variables and land use to operating speed was also investigated using consistency measure. The collected variables in the data-base layers of GIS included: traffic volume, pedestrian volume, parking occupancy rate, cross-section characteristics, geometry of road, road environment features and land use for arterials and relevant intersection layers. The results showed that: 1) Consistency could provide a new performance measure of urban streets utilizing GPS data incorporated with GIS capability; 2) Divided ring road arterials which have more length, more than one lane and are located at residential areas were more consistent with their posted speed limits than the others; 3) Congestion can be quantified using a new scheme proposed in this research work utilizing GIS and the second-by-second GPS data.
{"title":"GIS and GPS to Evaluate Urban Arterial Performance","authors":"M. T. Obaidat, A. Mohammad","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3411","url":null,"abstract":"New performance-based design procedures with the incorporation of operating speeds were proposed utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies for arterial performance evaluation and congestion quantification at urban areas. The relevance of geometrical variables and land use to operating speed was also investigated using consistency measure. The collected variables in the data-base layers of GIS included: traffic volume, pedestrian volume, parking occupancy rate, cross-section characteristics, geometry of road, road environment features and land use for arterials and relevant intersection layers. The results showed that: 1) Consistency could provide a new performance measure of urban streets utilizing GPS data incorporated with GIS capability; 2) Divided ring road arterials which have more length, more than one lane and are located at residential areas were more consistent with their posted speed limits than the others; 3) Congestion can be quantified using a new scheme proposed in this research work utilizing GIS and the second-by-second GPS data.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"70 1","pages":"132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Palestinian construction sector is one of the key economic sectors and is the main force motivating the national economy. However, it is complex and affected by many constraints and obstacles that influence its outcomes. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aims to survey the construction contracting problems in Palestine from the different local contract stakeholders’ points of view; namely: contractors, owners, consultants and donor countries and institutions. 73 problems were collected and considered in this research and grouped in eleven main groups; namely, financial, political, administrative problems and problems related to the tender documents (contracts, drawings), specification and material adaptation (quality), contract parties themselves, sector environment, natural environment, arbitration and dispute solving, technology use and career ethics. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the importance of the construction related problems. 310 questionnaires were distributed as follows: (183) contractors, (21) project owners, (92) project consultants and (14) donor countries and institutions. The results show that the highest ten important problems that Palestinian construction sector suffers from are as follows: rates’ burning due to intense competition between contractors, policy adoption of awarding the bid to the lowest price and not to the most accurate one, delaying owed payments by the owner, currency exchange changing value, owner deceleration in decision making, little size of projects in relation to the number of contractors, construction materials’ changing prices due to inflation, decline in the country’s economic situation, some contractors’ maneuvers by downloading some prices on other items and presence of conflicts between tender documents.
{"title":"Identifying the Critical Problems of Construction Contracting Management in Palestine","authors":"Nabil Dmaidi, I. Mahamid, Inas Shweiki","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3406","url":null,"abstract":"The Palestinian construction sector is one of the key economic sectors and is the main force motivating the national economy. However, it is complex and affected by many constraints and obstacles that influence its outcomes. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aims to survey the construction contracting problems in Palestine from the different local contract stakeholders’ points of view; namely: contractors, owners, consultants and donor countries and institutions. 73 problems were collected and considered in this research and grouped in eleven main groups; namely, financial, political, administrative problems and problems related to the tender documents (contracts, drawings), specification and material adaptation (quality), contract parties themselves, sector environment, natural environment, arbitration and dispute solving, technology use and career ethics. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the importance of the construction related problems. 310 questionnaires were distributed as follows: (183) contractors, (21) project owners, (92) project consultants and (14) donor countries and institutions. The results show that the highest ten important problems that Palestinian construction sector suffers from are as follows: rates’ burning due to intense competition between contractors, policy adoption of awarding the bid to the lowest price and not to the most accurate one, delaying owed payments by the owner, currency exchange changing value, owner deceleration in decision making, little size of projects in relation to the number of contractors, construction materials’ changing prices due to inflation, decline in the country’s economic situation, some contractors’ maneuvers by downloading some prices on other items and presence of conflicts between tender documents.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The properties of lightweight concrete containing pumice treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were experimentally investigated in this study. The study used treated pumice as 100% replacement of fine and coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures. Untreated pumice aggregates were used to prepare reference mixtures. In addition, the study investigated the effect of sodium hypochlorite on pumice properties. The concrete compressive strength at ages of 7 and 28 days was tested. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete that contained treated pumice increased by 200% as compared to concrete containing untreated pumice. The pumice aggregate treated with NaOCl increased the pumice strength and improved its physical characteristics as the mean of specific gravity and abrasion resistance.
{"title":"Properties of Lightweight Concrete Containing Treated Pumice by Alkaline Solution","authors":"Hesham Alsharie","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3410","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of lightweight concrete containing pumice treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were experimentally investigated in this study. The study used treated pumice as 100% replacement of fine and coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures. Untreated pumice aggregates were used to prepare reference mixtures. In addition, the study investigated the effect of sodium hypochlorite on pumice properties. The concrete compressive strength at ages of 7 and 28 days was tested. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete that contained treated pumice increased by 200% as compared to concrete containing untreated pumice. The pumice aggregate treated with NaOCl increased the pumice strength and improved its physical characteristics as the mean of specific gravity and abrasion resistance.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggregate characteristics have a significant effect on the properties of concrete in the fresh state and the hardened state. They also influence the quantity of cement paste required to fill the voids between aggregate particles. The manual methods suggested for the measurement of aggregate characteristics are laborious, time consuming and approximate. This paper presents the development of a Digital Image Processing (DIP) based system for the measurement of sphericity, shape factor, elongation ratio and flatness ratio of coarse aggregate particles. The system is calibrated using standard objects such as marbles, coins and then used for the measurement of coarse aggregate particles having varied characteristics. Samples of rounded gravels and crushed aggregates from different crushers are considered for the study. The results indicated that the system can be used for the accurate measurement of aggregate characteristics.
{"title":"Digital Image Processing Based System for the Characterization of Coarse Aggregates","authors":"M. N. Mangulkar, S. S. Jamkar","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3403","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregate characteristics have a significant effect on the properties of concrete in the fresh state and the hardened state. They also influence the quantity of cement paste required to fill the voids between aggregate particles. The manual methods suggested for the measurement of aggregate characteristics are laborious, time consuming and approximate. This paper presents the development of a Digital Image Processing (DIP) based system for the measurement of sphericity, shape factor, elongation ratio and flatness ratio of coarse aggregate particles. The system is calibrated using standard objects such as marbles, coins and then used for the measurement of coarse aggregate particles having varied characteristics. Samples of rounded gravels and crushed aggregates from different crushers are considered for the study. The results indicated that the system can be used for the accurate measurement of aggregate characteristics.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A nonlinear finite element study has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the technique of strengthening reinforced concrete beams under static loads. No time-dependent effects (creep and shrinkage... etc.) are considered in this work. This concept is based on prestressing of CFRP sheets. In this research program, four reinforced concrete beams were tested to investigate the feasibility of such concept for flexural strengthening. One of the beams was retrofitted with non-prestressed CFRP sheet which was used as the control beam. The rest were retrofitted with prestressed CFRP sheet with three levels of prestressing. The static load was applied at the instant of full prestress load application. Prestress losses were ignored here. CFRP sheets have been simulated using two types of element (SHELL41 and LINK8). Prestressing effects have been represented using two models; the application as axial load and initial axial strain. The results showed that there is a good enhancement in performance of the beams strengthened using the prestressing technique in terms of the cracking loads and deflection occurs at such level of loading. The application of prestressing forces of 9 kN, 16 kN and 22 kN, was found to increase the cracking load by 57%, 106% and 170%, respectively.
{"title":"Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Prestressed CFRP Sheets under Static Loads","authors":"Qassim Shaker M. Shaker, H. H. Kamonna","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3408","url":null,"abstract":"A nonlinear finite element study has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the technique of strengthening reinforced concrete beams under static loads. No time-dependent effects (creep and shrinkage... etc.) are considered in this work. This concept is based on prestressing of CFRP sheets. In this research program, four reinforced concrete beams were tested to investigate the feasibility of such concept for flexural strengthening. One of the beams was retrofitted with non-prestressed CFRP sheet which was used as the control beam. The rest were retrofitted with prestressed CFRP sheet with three levels of prestressing. The static load was applied at the instant of full prestress load application. Prestress losses were ignored here. CFRP sheets have been simulated using two types of element (SHELL41 and LINK8). Prestressing effects have been represented using two models; the application as axial load and initial axial strain. The results showed that there is a good enhancement in performance of the beams strengthened using the prestressing technique in terms of the cracking loads and deflection occurs at such level of loading. The application of prestressing forces of 9 kN, 16 kN and 22 kN, was found to increase the cracking load by 57%, 106% and 170%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kalavagunta, S. Naganathan, K. N. Mustapha, Ahmad Shabir Rezaii
Rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure has become a priority in recent years as an alternative to the daunting costs of rebuilding structures. Traditional strengthening methods have drawbacks, many of which can be overcome through the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP. Considerable research has been directed to investigate the effectiveness of bond length and strength between CFRP and steel. Research results indicated that significant increase in strength due to CFRP strengthening can be obtained. Nevertheless, in-depth understanding of debonding failures along the steel-epoxy interface is still a challenging issue. This paper presents three different experimental models with new surface preparation to increase bond strength and control debonding failure between CFRP fabrics and steel. The experimental results indicated that debonding failure can be controlled to some extent with proposed surface preparation technology.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Bond Characteristics between CFRP and Steel under Tensile Loads","authors":"S. Kalavagunta, S. Naganathan, K. N. Mustapha, Ahmad Shabir Rezaii","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3607","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure has become a priority in recent years as an alternative to the daunting costs of rebuilding structures. Traditional strengthening methods have drawbacks, many of which can be overcome through the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP. Considerable research has been directed to investigate the effectiveness of bond length and strength between CFRP and steel. Research results indicated that significant increase in strength due to CFRP strengthening can be obtained. Nevertheless, in-depth understanding of debonding failures along the steel-epoxy interface is still a challenging issue. This paper presents three different experimental models with new surface preparation to increase bond strength and control debonding failure between CFRP fabrics and steel. The experimental results indicated that debonding failure can be controlled to some extent with proposed surface preparation technology.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"339-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Karimi, R. M. Nezhad, V. S. Balkanlou, M. A. Khordachi
One of the main purposes of designing bucklingrestrained braces is the fact that the entire lateral load is wasted by the braces, the entire gravitational load is moved to the foundation through the beams, and the columns can be moved to the foundation. In other words, braces are designed for bearing lateral load. In the implementation of the structure, it should be noted that the implementation of various parts of the structure must be conducted in such a way that the buckling-restrained braces would not bear the gravitational load. Moreover, this type of brace has been investigated under impact loading, and the design goals of designing method (direct motion) are controlled under impact loading. The results of dynamic analysis are shown as the relocation charts of the floors and switch between the floors. Finally, the results are compared with each other. Keywords—Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame (BRBF), energydissipating, ABAQUS, SAP2000, impact load.
{"title":"Seismic Behavior of Steel Structure with Buckling-Restrained Braces ( BRB )","authors":"R. Karimi, R. M. Nezhad, V. S. Balkanlou, M. A. Khordachi","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3401","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main purposes of designing bucklingrestrained braces is the fact that the entire lateral load is wasted by the braces, the entire gravitational load is moved to the foundation through the beams, and the columns can be moved to the foundation. In other words, braces are designed for bearing lateral load. In the implementation of the structure, it should be noted that the implementation of various parts of the structure must be conducted in such a way that the buckling-restrained braces would not bear the gravitational load. Moreover, this type of brace has been investigated under impact loading, and the design goals of designing method (direct motion) are controlled under impact loading. The results of dynamic analysis are shown as the relocation charts of the floors and switch between the floors. Finally, the results are compared with each other. Keywords—Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame (BRBF), energydissipating, ABAQUS, SAP2000, impact load.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the effect of water temperature during casting and curing of concrete on concrete properties. The concrete specimens were casted and cured under different water temperatures and then the properties of concrete were tested. The tests include slump, compressive strength, rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water absorption. The results of this research show that high water temperature used in concrete production will reduce the strength and quality of concrete. Presence of hot water in concrete mixture leads to defects and failure in the concrete in the hardened state. It is concluded that concrete should be prepared by using water temperatures in the range between 20°C to 35°C in order to obtain good quality concrete.
{"title":"Effect of water temperature on concrete properties","authors":"S. Naganathan, K. N. Mustapha","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.9.3.3072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.9.3.3072","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the effect of water temperature during casting and curing of concrete on concrete properties. The concrete specimens were casted and cured under different water temperatures and then the properties of concrete were tested. The tests include slump, compressive strength, rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water absorption. The results of this research show that high water temperature used in concrete production will reduce the strength and quality of concrete. Presence of hot water in concrete mixture leads to defects and failure in the concrete in the hardened state. It is concluded that concrete should be prepared by using water temperatures in the range between 20°C to 35°C in order to obtain good quality concrete.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66632331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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