This research was conducted to examine the drinking (WQI1) and irrigation (WQI2) water quality for the Bhavani river basin using statistical methodologies. The study area geographically covers up to 4207 km2. For evaluating the Water Quality Index (WQI), fourteen groundwater parameters were employed and the data was gathered for two decades (1972–1990 & 2010–2019). The groundwater parameters include TDS, pH, EC, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3 2-, HCO3 - , NO3 - , Cl- , F- and SO4 2-. The weightage arithmetic approach was utilized to compute the WQI1 and all the parameters were spatially represented using Arc GIS 10.3 software. To compute the WQI2, the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (%Na), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Hazard Ratio (MHR), Kelly's Ratio (KR), Permeability Index (PI) and Potential Salinity (PI) are employed. The hydro-geochemical features are statistically examined using the Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs plot, correlation matrix and PCA biplot. The study results suggest that irrigation-and drinking-water quality is worsening from 2% to 44% of the studied region. Statistical analysis also yields satisfactory findings for both decades. According to the geochemical study, the anion and cation ranking for the 1972 decade is Mg2+> Ca+> Na+> K+=Cl- >HCO3 - ->CO3 2->SO4 2-, while the ranking for the 2019 decade is Na+> Mg2+> Ca+> K+=HCO3 - >Cl- >SO4 2->CO3 2->F- . The research indicates viable locations for drinking and irrigation reasons, while the low groundwater quality areas need effective treatment procedures before groundwater utilization. KEYWORDS: Groundwater, Hydro-geochemistry, Remote sensing, Statistical analysis, Water quality index.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Groundwater Quality Index for Bhavani River Basin Using Remote Sensing and Statistical Analysis","authors":"Rahul Ravichandran, Raviraj Ayyavoo, Lalitha Rajangam, Nagarajan Madasamy, Basker Murugaiyan, Sumathi Shanmugam","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to examine the drinking (WQI1) and irrigation (WQI2) water quality for the Bhavani river basin using statistical methodologies. The study area geographically covers up to 4207 km2. For evaluating the Water Quality Index (WQI), fourteen groundwater parameters were employed and the data was gathered for two decades (1972–1990 & 2010–2019). The groundwater parameters include TDS, pH, EC, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3 2-, HCO3 - , NO3 - , Cl- , F- and SO4 2-. The weightage arithmetic approach was utilized to compute the WQI1 and all the parameters were spatially represented using Arc GIS 10.3 software. To compute the WQI2, the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (%Na), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Hazard Ratio (MHR), Kelly's Ratio (KR), Permeability Index (PI) and Potential Salinity (PI) are employed. The hydro-geochemical features are statistically examined using the Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs plot, correlation matrix and PCA biplot. The study results suggest that irrigation-and drinking-water quality is worsening from 2% to 44% of the studied region. Statistical analysis also yields satisfactory findings for both decades. According to the geochemical study, the anion and cation ranking for the 1972 decade is Mg2+> Ca+> Na+> K+=Cl- >HCO3 - ->CO3 2->SO4 2-, while the ranking for the 2019 decade is Na+> Mg2+> Ca+> K+=HCO3 - >Cl- >SO4 2->CO3 2->F- . The research indicates viable locations for drinking and irrigation reasons, while the low groundwater quality areas need effective treatment procedures before groundwater utilization. KEYWORDS: Groundwater, Hydro-geochemistry, Remote sensing, Statistical analysis, Water quality index.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pervious concrete is a developing construction material used for sustainable solutions which helps restore the groundwater level based on its draining ability. The existing research studies address the strength and permeability of pervious-concrete materials and only limited data is available on the microstructural characteristics of pervious concrete. In this study, a characteristic analysis was carried out at micro-and macrolevels to identify the behaviour of pervious concrete using three aggregate gradations. To attain the wide pore network in pervious concrete, fine aggregates were not added in mixes and metakaolin was added at 5% intervals up to 20% of cement. At the macro-level, strength, porosity and permeability were tested and at the micro-level, XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDAX analyses were used for pervious-concrete mixes with metakaolin. The maximum strength of pervious-concrete was achieved in a 4.75-9.5 mm size aggregate mix at 10% addition of metakaolin with cement. Micro-structural studies revealed that the addition of metakaolin significantly reduces anhydrous calcium hydroxide. A significant draining performance of more than 1 cm/s was attained in most of the pervious-concrete mixes due to high porosity and permeability. Hence, pervious concrete is considered as a sustainable alternative material that can address environmental problems. KEYWORDS: Pervious concrete, Porosity, Permeability, Metakaolin, Micro-structure.
{"title":"Study on Strength, Permeability and Micro-structure of Pervious Concrete Blended with Metakaolin","authors":"R. M.","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pervious concrete is a developing construction material used for sustainable solutions which helps restore the groundwater level based on its draining ability. The existing research studies address the strength and permeability of pervious-concrete materials and only limited data is available on the microstructural characteristics of pervious concrete. In this study, a characteristic analysis was carried out at micro-and macrolevels to identify the behaviour of pervious concrete using three aggregate gradations. To attain the wide pore network in pervious concrete, fine aggregates were not added in mixes and metakaolin was added at 5% intervals up to 20% of cement. At the macro-level, strength, porosity and permeability were tested and at the micro-level, XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDAX analyses were used for pervious-concrete mixes with metakaolin. The maximum strength of pervious-concrete was achieved in a 4.75-9.5 mm size aggregate mix at 10% addition of metakaolin with cement. Micro-structural studies revealed that the addition of metakaolin significantly reduces anhydrous calcium hydroxide. A significant draining performance of more than 1 cm/s was attained in most of the pervious-concrete mixes due to high porosity and permeability. Hence, pervious concrete is considered as a sustainable alternative material that can address environmental problems. KEYWORDS: Pervious concrete, Porosity, Permeability, Metakaolin, Micro-structure.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45408522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main risks in low-densified sandy soils with the presence of water and an external force such as an earthquake is the generation of liquefaction. The influence of several types of reinforcement on liquefaction resistance, such as polypropylene fibers, geofibers, cement and polypropylene fibers with cement is shown in this study. Cyclic stress-controlled triaxial tests and cyclic strain-controlled triaxial tests were performed on saturated samples with and without reinforcements under undrained conditions. Cemented specimens were prepared with cement contents ranging from 0% to 3% by weight of dry sand and then cured for 3 days. The lengths of polypropylene fibers are 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The fibers were mixed with dry sand– cement mixes containing 0.50% and 1.00% by weight, respectively. Geofiber specimens were prepared in various arrangements. It was found that the liquefaction improvement factor (LIF) increased when fiber content and fiber length increased. The addition of geofibers increased the liquefaction resistance, as the number of layers increased. The addition of 3%C+1%F provided the best liquefaction resistance in this study compared with other additives. Finally, the reinforcement with cement and fibers is crucial for liquefaction resistanceof bitumen mastic should be considered beside the asphalt mixture performance and the bitumen rheological behavior. KEYWORDS: Liquefaction, Shear modulus, Cyclic stress, Geofiber, Polypropylene fiber.
{"title":"Utilization of Different Additives in Improving Sandy Soil against Liquefaction","authors":"Ahmed Elzamel, A. Altahrany, M. Elmeligy","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main risks in low-densified sandy soils with the presence of water and an external force such as an earthquake is the generation of liquefaction. The influence of several types of reinforcement on liquefaction resistance, such as polypropylene fibers, geofibers, cement and polypropylene fibers with cement is shown in this study. Cyclic stress-controlled triaxial tests and cyclic strain-controlled triaxial tests were performed on saturated samples with and without reinforcements under undrained conditions. Cemented specimens were prepared with cement contents ranging from 0% to 3% by weight of dry sand and then cured for 3 days. The lengths of polypropylene fibers are 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The fibers were mixed with dry sand– cement mixes containing 0.50% and 1.00% by weight, respectively. Geofiber specimens were prepared in various arrangements. It was found that the liquefaction improvement factor (LIF) increased when fiber content and fiber length increased. The addition of geofibers increased the liquefaction resistance, as the number of layers increased. The addition of 3%C+1%F provided the best liquefaction resistance in this study compared with other additives. Finally, the reinforcement with cement and fibers is crucial for liquefaction resistanceof bitumen mastic should be considered beside the asphalt mixture performance and the bitumen rheological behavior. KEYWORDS: Liquefaction, Shear modulus, Cyclic stress, Geofiber, Polypropylene fiber.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modeling traffic-accident frequency is a critical issue to better understand the accident trends and the effectiveness of current traffic policies and practices in different countries. The main objectives of this study are to model traffic road accidents, fatalities and injuries in Jordan, using different modeling techniques, including regression, artificial neural network (ANN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and to evaluate the safety impact of travel-restriction strategies during Covid-19 pandemic on trafficaccident statistics for the year 2020. To accomplish these objectives, data of traffic accidents, registered vehicles (REGV), population (POP) and economic gross domestic product (GDP) from 1995 through 2020 were obtained from related sources in Jordan. The analysis revealed that accidents, fatalities and injuries have an increasing trend in Jordan. Root mean of square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of multiple determination (R2) were sued to evaluate the performance of the developed prediction models. Based on model performance, the ANN models are the best, followed by the ARIMA models and then the regression models. Finally, it was concluded that the strategies undertaken by the government of Jordan to combat Covid-19, including complete and partial banning of travel, resulted in a considerable reduction of accidents, injuries and fatalities by about 35%, 37% and 50%, respectively. KEYWORDS: Traffic accidents, Artificial neural network, Covid-19 pandemic, Regression, Timeseries analysis, Prediction model
{"title":"Performance of Traffic Accidents’ Prediction Models","authors":"H. Al-Masaeid, Farah J. Khaled","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling traffic-accident frequency is a critical issue to better understand the accident trends and the effectiveness of current traffic policies and practices in different countries. The main objectives of this study are to model traffic road accidents, fatalities and injuries in Jordan, using different modeling techniques, including regression, artificial neural network (ANN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and to evaluate the safety impact of travel-restriction strategies during Covid-19 pandemic on trafficaccident statistics for the year 2020. To accomplish these objectives, data of traffic accidents, registered vehicles (REGV), population (POP) and economic gross domestic product (GDP) from 1995 through 2020 were obtained from related sources in Jordan. The analysis revealed that accidents, fatalities and injuries have an increasing trend in Jordan. Root mean of square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of multiple determination (R2) were sued to evaluate the performance of the developed prediction models. Based on model performance, the ANN models are the best, followed by the ARIMA models and then the regression models. Finally, it was concluded that the strategies undertaken by the government of Jordan to combat Covid-19, including complete and partial banning of travel, resulted in a considerable reduction of accidents, injuries and fatalities by about 35%, 37% and 50%, respectively. KEYWORDS: Traffic accidents, Artificial neural network, Covid-19 pandemic, Regression, Timeseries analysis, Prediction model","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Albatayneh, D. Malkawi, Er Yue, Benjamin Fosu-Saah, K. Ksaibati
The ability to identify and collect low-volume roads’ data, especially gravel roads, is critical in transportation planning. Developing an effective method for gravel-road data collection allows both decision-makers and local agencies to efficiently obtain information regarding road conditions. In this study, a geographical information system (GIS)-based decision- support system was applied to assist local agencies in determining reliable access routes to all gravel roads in Wyoming. The routing criteria were developed using the Network Analyst tool of ArcGIS software based on the restrictions on average daily traffic (ADT) volume values, speed limits, driving distances and driving hours per day. Results indicated that the routing maps created by ArcGIS software were an easy-to-use method to plan and schedule data collection on gravel roads. The routing analysis provided a reliable means to minimize driving time and distance. The methodology developed in this study may be employed by local transportation agencies for road-maintenance purposes in rural areas. KEYWORDS: Low-volume roads, Gravel roads, Route optimization, ArcGIS, Data collection.
{"title":"Integrating a Multi-criteria Route Optimization with ArcGIS for Gravel Road Data Collection","authors":"Omar Albatayneh, D. Malkawi, Er Yue, Benjamin Fosu-Saah, K. Ksaibati","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to identify and collect low-volume roads’ data, especially gravel roads, is critical in transportation planning. Developing an effective method for gravel-road data collection allows both decision-makers and local agencies to efficiently obtain information regarding road conditions. In this study, a geographical information system (GIS)-based decision- support system was applied to assist local agencies in determining reliable access routes to all gravel roads in Wyoming. The routing criteria were developed using the Network Analyst tool of ArcGIS software based on the restrictions on average daily traffic (ADT) volume values, speed limits, driving distances and driving hours per day. Results indicated that the routing maps created by ArcGIS software were an easy-to-use method to plan and schedule data collection on gravel roads. The routing analysis provided a reliable means to minimize driving time and distance. The methodology developed in this study may be employed by local transportation agencies for road-maintenance purposes in rural areas. KEYWORDS: Low-volume roads, Gravel roads, Route optimization, ArcGIS, Data collection.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45340400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clay-mineral composition is one of the factors that determine the physical and engineering behaviours of finegrained soils; however, it is usually ignored in soil investigations, because the determination of clay-mineral composition necessitates using sophisticated instruments which are time-consuming and require skilled personnel. Many correlations exist for faster prediction of soil engineering properties from its index properties, but correlations for quicker determination of the amount of clay mineral in the soil are still unexplored. This study focuses on determining the amount of clay mineral present in a soil sample rapidly by correlating claymineral percentages with soil index and chemical properties, which aids in selecting proper construction guidelines before undertaking construction work. Clay-soil samples collected from 20 different locations in Tamil Nadu state in India were subjected to chemical tests, like cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA) and total potassium (TP), to quantify clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Correlations were developed for kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite percentages in terms of chemical (CEC, SSA and TP) and index properties. It was observed that the montmorillonite percentage has shown a stronger correlation with soil index properties than illite and kaolinite percentages, because of its physico-chemical behaviour. KEYWORDS: Correlation, Clay minerals, Quantification, CEC, SSA, Montmorillonite
{"title":"Quantification of Clay Minerals and Its Correlation with Chemical and Index Properties of Soil","authors":"V. Elamathi, S. Jayalekshmi","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v17i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Clay-mineral composition is one of the factors that determine the physical and engineering behaviours of finegrained soils; however, it is usually ignored in soil investigations, because the determination of clay-mineral composition necessitates using sophisticated instruments which are time-consuming and require skilled personnel. Many correlations exist for faster prediction of soil engineering properties from its index properties, but correlations for quicker determination of the amount of clay mineral in the soil are still unexplored. This study focuses on determining the amount of clay mineral present in a soil sample rapidly by correlating claymineral percentages with soil index and chemical properties, which aids in selecting proper construction guidelines before undertaking construction work. Clay-soil samples collected from 20 different locations in Tamil Nadu state in India were subjected to chemical tests, like cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA) and total potassium (TP), to quantify clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Correlations were developed for kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite percentages in terms of chemical (CEC, SSA and TP) and index properties. It was observed that the montmorillonite percentage has shown a stronger correlation with soil index properties than illite and kaolinite percentages, because of its physico-chemical behaviour. KEYWORDS: Correlation, Clay minerals, Quantification, CEC, SSA, Montmorillonite","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karim S. Numayr, Ayman N. Ababneh, Hashem K. Almashaqbeh
A finite element (FE) method is used for modeling edge effects in composite laminates with different ply orientations. Two types of three-dimensional isoperimetric FE methods have been used. One in the interior region has standard linear shape functions, while the other in the exterior region has special shape functions for which an exponential variation is derived using the perturbation technique. The exponential shape functions are introduced to an originally written FE program which uses special mesh generation and numerical integration, as well as other subroutines. The proposed FE solution is found to be in good agreement with the solutions available in the literature. KEYWORDS: Finite-element modeling, Perturbation technique, Laminated composites, Edge effect, Delamination
{"title":"A Finite Element Method for Modeling Edge Effects in Composite Laminates with Different Ply Orientations","authors":"Karim S. Numayr, Ayman N. Ababneh, Hashem K. Almashaqbeh","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v16i4.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v16i4.39","url":null,"abstract":"A finite element (FE) method is used for modeling edge effects in composite laminates with different ply orientations. Two types of three-dimensional isoperimetric FE methods have been used. One in the interior region has standard linear shape functions, while the other in the exterior region has special shape functions for which an exponential variation is derived using the perturbation technique. The exponential shape functions are introduced to an originally written FE program which uses special mesh generation and numerical integration, as well as other subroutines. The proposed FE solution is found to be in good agreement with the solutions available in the literature. KEYWORDS: Finite-element modeling, Perturbation technique, Laminated composites, Edge effect, Delamination","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substitution of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) as a cement substitute is an upcoming research topic. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of calcined bamboo leaf ash as a partial substitute to cement and its effect on compressive strength, pozzolanic activity, sorptivity and porosity characteristics in hardened concrete. Cement was replaced with BLA with a percentage of 10% to 30% with a uniform increment of 5%. Fallen dry bamboo leaves burnt in open atmosphere were heated in a muffle furnace for 4 hours at 500°C to induce pozzolanic activity. The grade of concrete was taken in such a way that it will give a characteristic compressive strength of 20 MPa. The chemical composition of BLA was obtained by XRF analysis. The nature of BLA was assessed by XRD analysis and found to have an amorphous structure. The pozzolanic activity was ensured by ASTM lime test (ASTM C311 and ASTM C109). Other durability characteristics, like sorptivity and porosity, were performed as per ASTM guidelines (ASTM C1545 and ASTM C127) to assess the resistance of BLA concrete against sorption and the volume of voids. From the experiments conducted, it was understood that cement could be replaced with BLA till 15% with a little compromise in strength and durability characteristics and that this replacement was found to be an optimum one.
{"title":"Compressive Strength and Durability of Bamboo Leaf Ash Concrete","authors":"G. Dhinakaran, G. Chandana","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3601","url":null,"abstract":"Substitution of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) as a cement substitute is an upcoming research topic. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of calcined bamboo leaf ash as a partial substitute to cement and its effect on compressive strength, pozzolanic activity, sorptivity and porosity characteristics in hardened concrete. Cement was replaced with BLA with a percentage of 10% to 30% with a uniform increment of 5%. Fallen dry bamboo leaves burnt in open atmosphere were heated in a muffle furnace for 4 hours at 500°C to induce pozzolanic activity. The grade of concrete was taken in such a way that it will give a characteristic compressive strength of 20 MPa. The chemical composition of BLA was obtained by XRF analysis. The nature of BLA was assessed by XRD analysis and found to have an amorphous structure. The pozzolanic activity was ensured by ASTM lime test (ASTM C311 and ASTM C109). Other durability characteristics, like sorptivity and porosity, were performed as per ASTM guidelines (ASTM C1545 and ASTM C127) to assess the resistance of BLA concrete against sorption and the volume of voids. From the experiments conducted, it was understood that cement could be replaced with BLA till 15% with a little compromise in strength and durability characteristics and that this replacement was found to be an optimum one.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"279-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-Farajat, A. Diabat, R. Al-Adamat, Hani Al-Amoush
{"title":"Geo-structural Analysis Accompanied by GIS Vulnerability Mapping Validated by Hydro-chemical Modeling in Determining Spatial Expansion of Landfills: Case Study from Jordan","authors":"Mohammed Al-Farajat, A. Diabat, R. Al-Adamat, Hani Al-Amoush","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"267-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a model is developed for dynamic analysis of a train track with two degrees of freedom. The track length is assumed to be 100 m in order to reduce the bindery effects. A wheel defect is modeled as a corrugation on the rail surface for obtaining dynamic responses of the rail. Two vehicle masses are used containing a locomotive as an unsprung mass and a wheel as a sprung mass. Rail element is modeled as a beam with vertical displacements and end rotations. In this model, sleepers are assumed as lumped masses 60 cm apart from each other. All the components, including rails, sleepers, ballast layers and rail vehicles are connected by springs and damping elements. Analysis of the model is performed by numerical solution through solving differential equations representing the entire system. In all equations, relations between the elements are taken as finite elements. Finally, all responses, displacements, velocities and accelerations of all degrees of freedom are obtained.
{"title":"2D Modeling and Analysis of Railway Track under Subjected Loads","authors":"Majid Atashafrazeh, H. Shirmohammadi","doi":"10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.3.3602","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a model is developed for dynamic analysis of a train track with two degrees of freedom. The track length is assumed to be 100 m in order to reduce the bindery effects. A wheel defect is modeled as a corrugation on the rail surface for obtaining dynamic responses of the rail. Two vehicle masses are used containing a locomotive as an unsprung mass and a wheel as a sprung mass. Rail element is modeled as a beam with vertical displacements and end rotations. In this model, sleepers are assumed as lumped masses 60 cm apart from each other. All the components, including rails, sleepers, ballast layers and rail vehicles are connected by springs and damping elements. Analysis of the model is performed by numerical solution through solving differential equations representing the entire system. In all equations, relations between the elements are taken as finite elements. Finally, all responses, displacements, velocities and accelerations of all degrees of freedom are obtained.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"290-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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