Recent research on road-traffic accidents (RTAs) has become a focal point for safety and transportation experts, focusing on understanding their rates, characteristics, causes and effects. A significant development in this field is using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) to analyze RTAs. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a GIS-based approach for the comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of RTAs, specifically Property Damage-only (PDO) accidents. This research also endeavors to pinpoint accident-prone areas, commonly called ‘hotspots,’ and high-density accident clusters. This was achieved through spatialautocorrelation analysis, incorporating techniques, including inverse distance weighting, Moran’s index and the Getis Ord Gi* statistic. By focusing on eight years of accident data (2015-2022) in the Sharjah Emirate of the United Arab Emirates, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the distribution of traffic accidents. The analysis of temporal patterns revealed that the monthly distribution of PDO accidents showed the lowest frequencies of incidents in July, August and September throughout the study period. Furthermore, PDO accident frequencies peaked in 2015, followed by a decline until 2018, after which there was a slight increase until the conclusion of the analysis in 2022. Spatial analysis highlighted significant clustering of PDO-related RTAs. Hotspot analysis specifically identified downtown areas of Sharjah city as more prone to PDO accidents than other regions. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the analytical methods employed, which can be utilized for identifying and prioritizing accident hotspots. Keywords: Road-traffic accidents, Property Damage Only (PDO), Spatial analysis, Hotspot analysis, GIS.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Analysis of Property Damage-only Accident Hotspots Using GIS in Sharjah, UAE","authors":"Lubna Obaid","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on road-traffic accidents (RTAs) has become a focal point for safety and transportation experts, focusing on understanding their rates, characteristics, causes and effects. A significant development in this field is using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) to analyze RTAs. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a GIS-based approach for the comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of RTAs, specifically Property Damage-only (PDO) accidents. This research also endeavors to pinpoint accident-prone areas, commonly called ‘hotspots,’ and high-density accident clusters. This was achieved through spatialautocorrelation analysis, incorporating techniques, including inverse distance weighting, Moran’s index and the Getis Ord Gi* statistic. By focusing on eight years of accident data (2015-2022) in the Sharjah Emirate of the United Arab Emirates, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the distribution of traffic accidents. The analysis of temporal patterns revealed that the monthly distribution of PDO accidents showed the lowest frequencies of incidents in July, August and September throughout the study period. Furthermore, PDO accident frequencies peaked in 2015, followed by a decline until 2018, after which there was a slight increase until the conclusion of the analysis in 2022. Spatial analysis highlighted significant clustering of PDO-related RTAs. Hotspot analysis specifically identified downtown areas of Sharjah city as more prone to PDO accidents than other regions. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the analytical methods employed, which can be utilized for identifying and prioritizing accident hotspots. Keywords: Road-traffic accidents, Property Damage Only (PDO), Spatial analysis, Hotspot analysis, GIS.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been a particular emphasis on the use of structural adhesives in steel connection systems. Applying adhesives that possess both high strength and flexibility would be highly advantageous for structural purposes. In this study, experimental tests are conducted on two main different types of steel-plate connections; namely, bolted connections and bolted connections with glue. The number of bolts ranged from one to eight for each connection type, such that a total of seven specimens of each type are tested. Additionally, one specimen with only glue is also tested for comparison. The findings indicated that the inclusion of up to four bolts with glue along the connection does not significantly increase the ultimate stress. This can be attributed to the non-uniform distribution of normal stresses, induced by the tightening of the small number of bolts that are not arranged across the entire connection region, on the capacity of the connection in the perpendicular direction. Thus, the connection could have been adequately established the same capacity through the use of adhesive alone. In contrast, the capacity is increased up to 60% and 100% when six or eight bolts are added, respectively, compared to the use of the connection with glue only. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis is developed based on the tested connections using ABAQUS/Explicit software. The glued interface between two steel plates is modelled using cohesive and damage criteria. The results are demonstrated to be consistent with the experimental findings. Keywords: ABAQUS, Adhesive, Bolts, Finite-element analysis, Shear, Steel connections
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Adhesive on the Shear Capacity of Bolted Steel Connections","authors":"Bilal Yasin","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a particular emphasis on the use of structural adhesives in steel connection systems. Applying adhesives that possess both high strength and flexibility would be highly advantageous for structural purposes. In this study, experimental tests are conducted on two main different types of steel-plate connections; namely, bolted connections and bolted connections with glue. The number of bolts ranged from one to eight for each connection type, such that a total of seven specimens of each type are tested. Additionally, one specimen with only glue is also tested for comparison. The findings indicated that the inclusion of up to four bolts with glue along the connection does not significantly increase the ultimate stress. This can be attributed to the non-uniform distribution of normal stresses, induced by the tightening of the small number of bolts that are not arranged across the entire connection region, on the capacity of the connection in the perpendicular direction. Thus, the connection could have been adequately established the same capacity through the use of adhesive alone. In contrast, the capacity is increased up to 60% and 100% when six or eight bolts are added, respectively, compared to the use of the connection with glue only. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis is developed based on the tested connections using ABAQUS/Explicit software. The glued interface between two steel plates is modelled using cohesive and damage criteria. The results are demonstrated to be consistent with the experimental findings. Keywords: ABAQUS, Adhesive, Bolts, Finite-element analysis, Shear, Steel connections","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research places emphasis on strategies for enhancing traffic safety among adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. 87.36% of accidents in Indonesia involved motorcycle riders and approximately 25% of these accidents involve underage riders. Therefore, a reasonable solution is needed to reduce the number of accidents in Indonesia. The criteria for respondents in this study were adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. The respondents were interviewed for approximately 10 minutes. The total sample amounted to 530 respondents. The research was conducted in Riau province, Indonesia. The research results indicate that adolescent riders are about 4 times more likely to experience accidents compared to adult riders. Model validation demonstrates an accuracy level of up to 89% for the obtained model. The findings of this research suggest strategies for enhancing the safety of both adolescent and adult motorcycle riders, including advising riders to drive their motorcycles in good stamina and performance, advising riders to rest when fatigued, advising riders not to ride between 12:00 AM and 06:00 AM, enforcing strict measures by law enforcement to apprehend riders without a valid driving license, exercising caution when crossing straight roads and roads with non-variable roadside variability. Another finding from this research is that the model in this research took 3 factor types into consideration that cause accidents including human factors, road and environmental factors and vehicle factor. Then, these factors are modeled simultaneously. Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Motorcycle, Riders, Safety, Strategies.
{"title":"Strategies for Enhancing Traffic Safety among Adolescent and Adult Motorcycle Riders in Indonesia","authors":"Pada Lumba","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"This research places emphasis on strategies for enhancing traffic safety among adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. 87.36% of accidents in Indonesia involved motorcycle riders and approximately 25% of these accidents involve underage riders. Therefore, a reasonable solution is needed to reduce the number of accidents in Indonesia. The criteria for respondents in this study were adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. The respondents were interviewed for approximately 10 minutes. The total sample amounted to 530 respondents. The research was conducted in Riau province, Indonesia. The research results indicate that adolescent riders are about 4 times more likely to experience accidents compared to adult riders. Model validation demonstrates an accuracy level of up to 89% for the obtained model. The findings of this research suggest strategies for enhancing the safety of both adolescent and adult motorcycle riders, including advising riders to drive their motorcycles in good stamina and performance, advising riders to rest when fatigued, advising riders not to ride between 12:00 AM and 06:00 AM, enforcing strict measures by law enforcement to apprehend riders without a valid driving license, exercising caution when crossing straight roads and roads with non-variable roadside variability. Another finding from this research is that the model in this research took 3 factor types into consideration that cause accidents including human factors, road and environmental factors and vehicle factor. Then, these factors are modeled simultaneously. Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Motorcycle, Riders, Safety, Strategies.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traffic-related noise pollution is a recurring problem in large and medium-sized cities. The objective of this study is to quantify traffic-noise levels along selected urban arterials and model the generated traffic noise based on traffic and pavement characteristics. Urban arterial and collector streets in Irbid city, Jordan, were taken as a case study. The city is considered an example of a medium-sized city. 65 urban arterial and collector sections were selected to achieve the stated objective. For each section, ten noise measurements were taken using a time interval of 2.5 minutes for each observation. The statistical pass-by method was used to measure 650 externalnoise observations. In addition, data on traffic, pavement and section geometric characteristics was obtained through field measurements. The collected traffic characteristics, including traffic flow, percentage of trucks and speed in each direction of travel, were obtained. In addition to the measurement of pavement macrotexture depth, an international roughness index was measured using a smartphone application. Investigation of the collected noise data indicated that urban streets experienced high noise levels, reaching maximum and average values of 82 and 77.2 dB(A), respectively. The results of the analyses showed that an increase in each of the included traffic characteristics resulted in significantly higher noise levels. For example, an increase in speed from 35 to 55 km/h would increase noise by 2.7 dB(A). In addition, the interaction term of roughness index and pavement macrotexture depth was found to increase the generated noise. Finally, the results of the analysis indicated that both multivariate linear -and exponential-regression models are suitable to model the generated traffic noise. Each model explained approximately 54% of the noise variability. Probably, traffic composition and vehicle-power type heterogeneity might reduce the level of explained variability. Keywords: Traffic noise, Urban arterials, Pass-by method, Noise modeling, Jordan.
{"title":"Modeling of Traffic Noise along Urban Arterials in Irbid City of Jordan","authors":"Hashem R. Al-Masaeid","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic-related noise pollution is a recurring problem in large and medium-sized cities. The objective of this study is to quantify traffic-noise levels along selected urban arterials and model the generated traffic noise based on traffic and pavement characteristics. Urban arterial and collector streets in Irbid city, Jordan, were taken as a case study. The city is considered an example of a medium-sized city. 65 urban arterial and collector sections were selected to achieve the stated objective. For each section, ten noise measurements were taken using a time interval of 2.5 minutes for each observation. The statistical pass-by method was used to measure 650 externalnoise observations. In addition, data on traffic, pavement and section geometric characteristics was obtained through field measurements. The collected traffic characteristics, including traffic flow, percentage of trucks and speed in each direction of travel, were obtained. In addition to the measurement of pavement macrotexture depth, an international roughness index was measured using a smartphone application. Investigation of the collected noise data indicated that urban streets experienced high noise levels, reaching maximum and average values of 82 and 77.2 dB(A), respectively. The results of the analyses showed that an increase in each of the included traffic characteristics resulted in significantly higher noise levels. For example, an increase in speed from 35 to 55 km/h would increase noise by 2.7 dB(A). In addition, the interaction term of roughness index and pavement macrotexture depth was found to increase the generated noise. Finally, the results of the analysis indicated that both multivariate linear -and exponential-regression models are suitable to model the generated traffic noise. Each model explained approximately 54% of the noise variability. Probably, traffic composition and vehicle-power type heterogeneity might reduce the level of explained variability. Keywords: Traffic noise, Urban arterials, Pass-by method, Noise modeling, Jordan.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic loads with different magnitudes cause shear stress and strain in the soil and increase the pore water pressure, reducing soil strength and leading to structural failure. This article presents the behavior of natural river-sand specimens subjected to cyclic loads under both drained and undrained conditions, as observed in cyclic triaxial tests conducted in the laboratory. The experiments were performed on sand specimens with a relative compaction of 0.95 when changing the loading amplitude with three different levels of 30 kPa, 50 kPa and 60 kPa. Experimental results show that, under the condition of drained cycle load, the pore water pressure does not form; only accumulated strain and dynamic parameters are almost unchanged. Meanwhile, with the condition of undrained cyclic load, the pore water pressure increases and causes liquefaction of the specimen, then the axial strain increases dramatically and is not capable of recovery. When varying the loading amplitude under drained condition, the initial-strength values increase as the amplitude of the load increases. This trend has the opposite direction when testing under undrained condition, which means that when increasing the loading amplitude, the initial-strength values decrease and the liquefaction potential of the specimens is faster. Further, under the undrained condition, the loading amplitude of 30 kPa effect is almost negligible on the liquefaction ability of the specimen. Keywords: Sand, Drained condition, Undrained condition, Loading amplitude, Cyclic triaxial tests
{"title":"Behavior of Sand Specimens Subjected to Cyclic Loads under Drained and Undrained Conditions in Variable Loading Amplitudes","authors":"Van Thuy Do","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic loads with different magnitudes cause shear stress and strain in the soil and increase the pore water pressure, reducing soil strength and leading to structural failure. This article presents the behavior of natural river-sand specimens subjected to cyclic loads under both drained and undrained conditions, as observed in cyclic triaxial tests conducted in the laboratory. The experiments were performed on sand specimens with a relative compaction of 0.95 when changing the loading amplitude with three different levels of 30 kPa, 50 kPa and 60 kPa. Experimental results show that, under the condition of drained cycle load, the pore water pressure does not form; only accumulated strain and dynamic parameters are almost unchanged. Meanwhile, with the condition of undrained cyclic load, the pore water pressure increases and causes liquefaction of the specimen, then the axial strain increases dramatically and is not capable of recovery. When varying the loading amplitude under drained condition, the initial-strength values increase as the amplitude of the load increases. This trend has the opposite direction when testing under undrained condition, which means that when increasing the loading amplitude, the initial-strength values decrease and the liquefaction potential of the specimens is faster. Further, under the undrained condition, the loading amplitude of 30 kPa effect is almost negligible on the liquefaction ability of the specimen. Keywords: Sand, Drained condition, Undrained condition, Loading amplitude, Cyclic triaxial tests","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring floods using optical satellite images in winter is challenging. Because of the thickness of clouds, the electromagnetic bands used by satellites are too narrow and the resulting signals are reflected into space. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of implementing a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system (SAR) for the purpose of mapping floods in Jordan while the weather is cloudy. TerraSAR-X satellite was utilized to acquire images of high resolution for flood monitoring. This research employed TerraSAR-X thresholding images to identify flood-prone areas and track floods over time using time-series images. It was possible to determine the places of the landscape that have been impacted by the flood and to establish the degree of damage by conducting an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the landscape. The accuracy of the study's findings was confirmed using backscatter texture analysis on the images, which revealed a small difference between thresholding and texture analysis approaches of less than 3% in the mapped test region's flood area. While monitoring floods, it is recommended to use TerraSAR-X images, particularly in conjunction with other data sources, such as weather predictions and hydrological models. KEYWORDS: Flood mapping, Polarimetric SAR, TerraSAR-X, Texture analysis, Thresholding, Interferometric SAR
{"title":"Mapping Floods during Cloudy Weather Using Radar Satellite Images","authors":"Nawras Shatnawi","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring floods using optical satellite images in winter is challenging. Because of the thickness of clouds, the electromagnetic bands used by satellites are too narrow and the resulting signals are reflected into space. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of implementing a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar system (SAR) for the purpose of mapping floods in Jordan while the weather is cloudy. TerraSAR-X satellite was utilized to acquire images of high resolution for flood monitoring. This research employed TerraSAR-X thresholding images to identify flood-prone areas and track floods over time using time-series images. It was possible to determine the places of the landscape that have been impacted by the flood and to establish the degree of damage by conducting an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the landscape. The accuracy of the study's findings was confirmed using backscatter texture analysis on the images, which revealed a small difference between thresholding and texture analysis approaches of less than 3% in the mapped test region's flood area. While monitoring floods, it is recommended to use TerraSAR-X images, particularly in conjunction with other data sources, such as weather predictions and hydrological models. KEYWORDS: Flood mapping, Polarimetric SAR, TerraSAR-X, Texture analysis, Thresholding, Interferometric SAR","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the geotechnical-engineering roles is soil stabilization, because it affects the long-term strength and functionality of structures. For suitability and durability of expansive soils for construction projects, shear strength, bearing capacity and other characteristics can be enhanced through the stabilization process. This study is focused on the effects of steel factory dust (SFD) as an additive on the improvement of the undesired geotechnical properties of expansive soil (CH soil). A series of laboratory tests were conducted on intact and treated samples. SFD was added by 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% to the dry soil. The conducted tests are consistency, specific-gravity, modified Proctor compaction, swelling-pressure and -percent and unconfined compression tests. The addition of SFD reduced the values of liquid and plastic limits, plasticity index, modulus of elasticity and allowable bearing capacity. Significantly, the 10% SFD addition significantly reduced swelling percent and pressure by 26.8% and 25.4%, respectively while notably increasing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) from 475 MPa to 629 MPa. SFD was found to be a successful waste material in improving expansive soil by using 10% as the best addition percent, which usefully saves the environment. KEYWORDS: Expansive soil, Stabilization, Steel factory dust, Swelling, Unconfined compressive strength. INTRODUCTIO
{"title":"Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Steel Factory Dust","authors":"Z. Abdalqadir","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"One of the geotechnical-engineering roles is soil stabilization, because it affects the long-term strength and functionality of structures. For suitability and durability of expansive soils for construction projects, shear strength, bearing capacity and other characteristics can be enhanced through the stabilization process. This study is focused on the effects of steel factory dust (SFD) as an additive on the improvement of the undesired geotechnical properties of expansive soil (CH soil). A series of laboratory tests were conducted on intact and treated samples. SFD was added by 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% to the dry soil. The conducted tests are consistency, specific-gravity, modified Proctor compaction, swelling-pressure and -percent and unconfined compression tests. The addition of SFD reduced the values of liquid and plastic limits, plasticity index, modulus of elasticity and allowable bearing capacity. Significantly, the 10% SFD addition significantly reduced swelling percent and pressure by 26.8% and 25.4%, respectively while notably increasing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) from 475 MPa to 629 MPa. SFD was found to be a successful waste material in improving expansive soil by using 10% as the best addition percent, which usefully saves the environment. KEYWORDS: Expansive soil, Stabilization, Steel factory dust, Swelling, Unconfined compressive strength. INTRODUCTIO","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to explore the tensile properties of plant fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (PFRCCs). An axial tensile numerical-simulation and test study of PFRCC panels with four thicknesses was performed to analyze their tensile properties, providing a relevant basis for the engineering application of PFRCC panels. The results show that the peak load of uniaxial tensile failure of PFRCC panels with thicknesses of 8 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm is 424.0 N, 664.8 N, 825.0 N and 986.4 N, respectively. The bearing capacity of the panels gradually increases with the increase of the thickness. The peak tensile strain is about 0.044%, 2.93 times that of the cement matrix and the tensile strength is about 2.73 MPa. It is proved that adding plant fiber can increase the toughness of the cement matrix and increasing PFRCC panel thickness can improve its tensile bearing capacity without affecting its tensile-strength. KEYWORDS: Composite materials, Cement matrix, Plant fiber, Axial tension.
{"title":"Study On Axial Stretching Mechanical Property Of Plant Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites","authors":"Xinyuan Wang","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore the tensile properties of plant fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (PFRCCs). An axial tensile numerical-simulation and test study of PFRCC panels with four thicknesses was performed to analyze their tensile properties, providing a relevant basis for the engineering application of PFRCC panels. The results show that the peak load of uniaxial tensile failure of PFRCC panels with thicknesses of 8 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm is 424.0 N, 664.8 N, 825.0 N and 986.4 N, respectively. The bearing capacity of the panels gradually increases with the increase of the thickness. The peak tensile strain is about 0.044%, 2.93 times that of the cement matrix and the tensile strength is about 2.73 MPa. It is proved that adding plant fiber can increase the toughness of the cement matrix and increasing PFRCC panel thickness can improve its tensile bearing capacity without affecting its tensile-strength. KEYWORDS: Composite materials, Cement matrix, Plant fiber, Axial tension.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents two hybrid optimization methods known as PSOHHO and DPSOHHO optimization algorithms. In the first method, using a number of formulae, the top populations are exchanged between the two algorithms and a new population is created and in the second method, we adopted the parallel optimization and optimized its performance. In this method, unlike other parallel methods, the population does not remain constant. With this ability, the strengths of an algorithm can be used to compensate for the weaknesses of the other algorithm. In these methods, no changes are made to the algorithms. The main goal is to use existing algorithms. These methods attain the optimal solution in the shortest time possible. Two algorithms of particleswarm optimization (PSO) and Harris Hawks's optimization (HHO) are used to present this method and two truss samples and CEC209 are considered to confirm the performance of this method. Based on the results, these methods have rapid convergence speed and acceptable results compared to other methods. KEYWORDS: Meta-heuristic algorithms, Hybrid algorithm, Optimization, Dynamic hybrid algorithm, Truss.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Truss Using a Hybrid Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimizer and Harris Hawk Algorithm","authors":"M. Yassami","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i1.07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two hybrid optimization methods known as PSOHHO and DPSOHHO optimization algorithms. In the first method, using a number of formulae, the top populations are exchanged between the two algorithms and a new population is created and in the second method, we adopted the parallel optimization and optimized its performance. In this method, unlike other parallel methods, the population does not remain constant. With this ability, the strengths of an algorithm can be used to compensate for the weaknesses of the other algorithm. In these methods, no changes are made to the algorithms. The main goal is to use existing algorithms. These methods attain the optimal solution in the shortest time possible. Two algorithms of particleswarm optimization (PSO) and Harris Hawks's optimization (HHO) are used to present this method and two truss samples and CEC209 are considered to confirm the performance of this method. Based on the results, these methods have rapid convergence speed and acceptable results compared to other methods. KEYWORDS: Meta-heuristic algorithms, Hybrid algorithm, Optimization, Dynamic hybrid algorithm, Truss.","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the accident-causing factors affecting the total cost of building construction projects using a structural-equation model (SEM). Through the analysis of 35 identified factors categorized into construction, natural disaster, physical and human and psychological domains, this study examined their effects on project costs. The data collected from 120 construction experts in Iraq was analyzed using the SmartPLS software. This study assessed the fit of the measurement model using the following key criteria: reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity. All latent constructs demonstrated Cronbach’s-alpha values of above 0.70 and composite-reliability (CR) values of above 0.70, indicating their reliability. The average variance extracted (AVE) values exceeded the 0.5 threshold, confirming convergent validity. The model also demonstrated acceptable discriminant validity. The results confirmed the significant impact of accident-causing factors on project costs, with "excessive physical activity," "storm," "improper ventilation," "low motivation and low efficiency of the workers," and "fire, explosion and vibration" emerging as the top five influencing factors. These findings emphasized the need for tailored safety measures to mitigate such risks. The study underscored the importance of addressing accident-causing factors to enhance both safety planning and financial outcomes in building construction projects. KEYWORDS: Accident-causing factors, Project cost, Construction-project management, Safety assessment, Structural-equation modeling
{"title":"Assessing the Accident-Cost Relationship in Building Construction Projects Using Structural Equation Modeling","authors":"Milad Ghanbari","doi":"10.14525/jjce.v18i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v18i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the accident-causing factors affecting the total cost of building construction projects using a structural-equation model (SEM). Through the analysis of 35 identified factors categorized into construction, natural disaster, physical and human and psychological domains, this study examined their effects on project costs. The data collected from 120 construction experts in Iraq was analyzed using the SmartPLS software. This study assessed the fit of the measurement model using the following key criteria: reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity. All latent constructs demonstrated Cronbach’s-alpha values of above 0.70 and composite-reliability (CR) values of above 0.70, indicating their reliability. The average variance extracted (AVE) values exceeded the 0.5 threshold, confirming convergent validity. The model also demonstrated acceptable discriminant validity. The results confirmed the significant impact of accident-causing factors on project costs, with \"excessive physical activity,\" \"storm,\" \"improper ventilation,\" \"low motivation and low efficiency of the workers,\" and \"fire, explosion and vibration\" emerging as the top five influencing factors. These findings emphasized the need for tailored safety measures to mitigate such risks. The study underscored the importance of addressing accident-causing factors to enhance both safety planning and financial outcomes in building construction projects. KEYWORDS: Accident-causing factors, Project cost, Construction-project management, Safety assessment, Structural-equation modeling","PeriodicalId":51814,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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