Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2248153
J. Gerrard
ABSTRACT This article charts how a disdain for progressivism in schooling was central to the development of conservative interests across the 1970s and 1980s. It does so by examining the Australian Council for Educational Standards (ACES) Review (1973–1987). This under-examined newsletter offers important insight into the cultivation of cultural conservatism, having links with the influential Australian conservative think tank the Centre for Independent Studies and the literary journal Quadrant, as well as comparable international outlets. First, this article identifies the diverse conservative interests and actors—including prominent conservative Australian figures—who set an agenda to intervene into educational practice via the newsletter. Second, I demonstrate how ACES Review writers depict progressivism as dangerous social engineering in contrast to their defence of traditional disciplines and educational standards. Third, I examine how ACES Review writers position themselves as speaking on the outside of power, as providing a voice of dissent against progressivism in government bureaucracies, and taking a leading role in conservative challenges to union leadership.
{"title":"Against “Progressivism”: Schooling and the Cohering of Conservative Interests in Australia, 1970s–1980s","authors":"J. Gerrard","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2248153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2248153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article charts how a disdain for progressivism in schooling was central to the development of conservative interests across the 1970s and 1980s. It does so by examining the Australian Council for Educational Standards (ACES) Review (1973–1987). This under-examined newsletter offers important insight into the cultivation of cultural conservatism, having links with the influential Australian conservative think tank the Centre for Independent Studies and the literary journal Quadrant, as well as comparable international outlets. First, this article identifies the diverse conservative interests and actors—including prominent conservative Australian figures—who set an agenda to intervene into educational practice via the newsletter. Second, I demonstrate how ACES Review writers depict progressivism as dangerous social engineering in contrast to their defence of traditional disciplines and educational standards. Third, I examine how ACES Review writers position themselves as speaking on the outside of power, as providing a voice of dissent against progressivism in government bureaucracies, and taking a leading role in conservative challenges to union leadership.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89166539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2242598
Alexis Bergantz
{"title":"The Fin de Siècle Imagination in Australia, 1890-1914","authors":"Alexis Bergantz","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2242598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2242598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73091599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2240344
Jordana Silverstein
ABSTRACT This article uses a microhistory—a family history, a form of autoethnography—to think through the role of migration archives, and family histories of migration, within the settler colony. By exploring my grandparents’ naturalisation applications, who came to this country as Jewish Holocaust survivors and stateless refugees, I consider what we can learn from bureaucratic archives, and how we can approach the problem of how to use these archives to write histories. Centring ambivalence, uncertainty and openness, this article ponders the devastating ruins of knowledge that we are left with in the long aftermath of the Holocaust, and the ways that those of us from migrant families are implicated in ongoing genocide in Australia. Trying to ethically think alongside the work of Aboriginal scholars, and using frameworks offered by other Jewish scholars, I take seriously the question of how we can work through questions of statelessness, naturalisation, citizenship and belonging in the settler colony, as we write our histories.
{"title":"Files, Families and the Nation: An Archival History, Perhaps","authors":"Jordana Silverstein","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2240344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2240344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses a microhistory—a family history, a form of autoethnography—to think through the role of migration archives, and family histories of migration, within the settler colony. By exploring my grandparents’ naturalisation applications, who came to this country as Jewish Holocaust survivors and stateless refugees, I consider what we can learn from bureaucratic archives, and how we can approach the problem of how to use these archives to write histories. Centring ambivalence, uncertainty and openness, this article ponders the devastating ruins of knowledge that we are left with in the long aftermath of the Holocaust, and the ways that those of us from migrant families are implicated in ongoing genocide in Australia. Trying to ethically think alongside the work of Aboriginal scholars, and using frameworks offered by other Jewish scholars, I take seriously the question of how we can work through questions of statelessness, naturalisation, citizenship and belonging in the settler colony, as we write our histories.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2238480
Qixiu Tian
{"title":"Happy Together: Bridging the Australia–China Divide","authors":"Qixiu Tian","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2238480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2238480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77592276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2236639
Jai Cooper
ABSTRACT Some scholars have drawn associations between Australian environmentalism and racism. Others have argued that natural resource management policies go beyond the science in justifying policies that have their real foundation in Australian nationalism. Yet applying semiotic analyses to focus upon such associations can risk obscuring efforts to actively loosen the nature–culture binary. Australia has a unique history of three decades of national environmental youth training programs such as Green Corps and Green Army. This environmental workfare engages a diverse range of actors: from university-qualified scientists to unemployed urban and rural youth. If any workplace culture is likely to generate a naïve environmentalist eco-nationalism, then the pseudo-military setting of national environmental workfare programs would be worthy of close examination. Based upon data collected from participants in Australian environmental workfare programs, this article explores how young workers display critical reflexivity, engaging creatively and ironically, embracing the more obscure Others. While attempting to generate cultural capital, particularly in the field of environmental science, they actively spurn naïve environmentalism. From the midst of the Australian bush, young people are answering Haraway’s call to “make kin in the Chthulucene”.
{"title":"“I Guess You Could Call It Plant Racism”: Making Kin in Australian Environmental Workfare","authors":"Jai Cooper","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2236639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2236639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Some scholars have drawn associations between Australian environmentalism and racism. Others have argued that natural resource management policies go beyond the science in justifying policies that have their real foundation in Australian nationalism. Yet applying semiotic analyses to focus upon such associations can risk obscuring efforts to actively loosen the nature–culture binary. Australia has a unique history of three decades of national environmental youth training programs such as Green Corps and Green Army. This environmental workfare engages a diverse range of actors: from university-qualified scientists to unemployed urban and rural youth. If any workplace culture is likely to generate a naïve environmentalist eco-nationalism, then the pseudo-military setting of national environmental workfare programs would be worthy of close examination. Based upon data collected from participants in Australian environmental workfare programs, this article explores how young workers display critical reflexivity, engaging creatively and ironically, embracing the more obscure Others. While attempting to generate cultural capital, particularly in the field of environmental science, they actively spurn naïve environmentalism. From the midst of the Australian bush, young people are answering Haraway’s call to “make kin in the Chthulucene”.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87132044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2232366
Yves Rees
ABSTRACT This article extends the transnational history of Anzac by shifting the focus from Britain to the United States. It tells a history of Anzac in the United States, focused on New York and California, that shows how both Anzac Day and the broader language and iconography of “Anzac” has been core to the production of Australian community and identity in the United States from the 1920s until the 2020s. Over multiple generations, stateside Australians have reached to Anzac to enact their Australianness and build ties with fellow expatriates. As a result, Anzac has come to serve as a metonym for Australians and Australianness within the United States. At the same time, Anzac in the United States has indexed Australia’s shift from British to American empires. Once a British affair, it is now an annual event to renew the transpacific alliance.
{"title":"Gumtree Skyscrapers and Takeaway Flat Whites: Anzac in the United States","authors":"Yves Rees","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2232366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2232366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article extends the transnational history of Anzac by shifting the focus from Britain to the United States. It tells a history of Anzac in the United States, focused on New York and California, that shows how both Anzac Day and the broader language and iconography of “Anzac” has been core to the production of Australian community and identity in the United States from the 1920s until the 2020s. Over multiple generations, stateside Australians have reached to Anzac to enact their Australianness and build ties with fellow expatriates. As a result, Anzac has come to serve as a metonym for Australians and Australianness within the United States. At the same time, Anzac in the United States has indexed Australia’s shift from British to American empires. Once a British affair, it is now an annual event to renew the transpacific alliance.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82449492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2229348
B. Beattie
ABSTRACT Kalgoorlie and the sex industry are synonymous. Around the time of Federation, significant attempts were made by the community to rid itself of prostitution. An important contributor to this endeavour was the local long-running daily newspaper, the Kalgoorlie Miner. To date, research has overlooked its significant role in building community and reinforcing hegemony. The Kalgoorlie Miner’s framing of prostitution as the “social evil”—antithetical to Christian living, morals and civility—was a successful position because it appealed to the buying public and maintained pressure on the problem. This article explores the place of newspapers in a given community, Federation Kalgoorlie, and its prostitution. It finds that gatekeeping and community Christianism, particularly the laity, played an essential role in challenging and opposing prostitution.
{"title":"Kalgoorlie’s Sex Trade and the Kalgoorlie Miner: 1896–1903","authors":"B. Beattie","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2229348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2229348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Kalgoorlie and the sex industry are synonymous. Around the time of Federation, significant attempts were made by the community to rid itself of prostitution. An important contributor to this endeavour was the local long-running daily newspaper, the Kalgoorlie Miner. To date, research has overlooked its significant role in building community and reinforcing hegemony. The Kalgoorlie Miner’s framing of prostitution as the “social evil”—antithetical to Christian living, morals and civility—was a successful position because it appealed to the buying public and maintained pressure on the problem. This article explores the place of newspapers in a given community, Federation Kalgoorlie, and its prostitution. It finds that gatekeeping and community Christianism, particularly the laity, played an essential role in challenging and opposing prostitution.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"16 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2236830
E. Potter, B. Magner
This issue of the Journal of Australian Studies takes us across times, places, knowledges and identities, from Australia’s atomic history to the carceral world of Manus Island, to the profound relationality within Indigenous epistemology, and diverse experiences of cultural marginality and remaking in Australia. Bronwyn Lee’s “Mature Heterosexuality: Catholic Women Religious’ Celibacy in Australia’s Liberation Decades” foregrounds how Catholic women religious understood their sexual identity in a departure from normative framings of celibacy. These women saw themselves as living out a “mature heterosexuality” that was negotiated in relation to the social and institutional changes of the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing on a significant oral history archive, Lee offers insight into how these women identified as “ordinary” women through their selfdefined sexuality in the context of the so-called liberation decades, in contrast to how celibacy is frequently positioned as outside of mainstream experience. Moving on to questions of Sino-Australian cultural production, Josh Stenberg’s “ChineseAustralian Culture in a Sinophone History and Geography” considers the dynamic transnationalism of Chinese-culture language through a lens of belonging and identity in Australia. Through a discussion of three textual genres—Chinese-language theatre, Federation-era fiction and 1990s foreign student literature—Stenberg argues that Australia can be understood within a long history of Sinophone cultural networks and that Chinese cultural production is entangled in the ongoing emergence of contemporary Australia. The history of the Scandinavian-Australian newspaper Norden is the subject of Mark Emmerson’s “A Readership of Convenience: Macro-national Cooperation within the Scandinavian-Australian Newspaper”. This expatriate newspaper, which ran between 1896 and 1940, offered a mode of connectivity for migrant Scandinavians across Australasia and back to their homelands. Emmerson argues that this media generated a pan-Scandinavianism that evoked Romantic-era commitments to cultural cohesion and collective care, drawing fragmented and often isolated Danish, Swedish and Norwegian immigrant communities into a unified readership that performed a mode of “macro-national cooperation”. Moving to the later part of the 20th century, Cameron Coventry’s “Sedimentary Layers: Bob Hawke, his World Record and Ocker Chic” focuses on this iconic Australian prime minister and his cultural production: a figure of middle-class masculinity that deployed powerful components of working-class mythology, notably the “larrikin” and the “ocker”. Coventry traces the rise of “ocker chic” from Hawke through subsequent political leaders of the 1980s, the 1990s and beyond, making the case that its mobilisation of particular signifiers of class, race and gender has continued to entrench neoliberal capitalism and the political and social power of a narrow demographic. John Hayward’s “The Hoyleton Institute Stage
{"title":"Spectral Histories and Material Legacies","authors":"E. Potter, B. Magner","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2236830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2236830","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of the Journal of Australian Studies takes us across times, places, knowledges and identities, from Australia’s atomic history to the carceral world of Manus Island, to the profound relationality within Indigenous epistemology, and diverse experiences of cultural marginality and remaking in Australia. Bronwyn Lee’s “Mature Heterosexuality: Catholic Women Religious’ Celibacy in Australia’s Liberation Decades” foregrounds how Catholic women religious understood their sexual identity in a departure from normative framings of celibacy. These women saw themselves as living out a “mature heterosexuality” that was negotiated in relation to the social and institutional changes of the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing on a significant oral history archive, Lee offers insight into how these women identified as “ordinary” women through their selfdefined sexuality in the context of the so-called liberation decades, in contrast to how celibacy is frequently positioned as outside of mainstream experience. Moving on to questions of Sino-Australian cultural production, Josh Stenberg’s “ChineseAustralian Culture in a Sinophone History and Geography” considers the dynamic transnationalism of Chinese-culture language through a lens of belonging and identity in Australia. Through a discussion of three textual genres—Chinese-language theatre, Federation-era fiction and 1990s foreign student literature—Stenberg argues that Australia can be understood within a long history of Sinophone cultural networks and that Chinese cultural production is entangled in the ongoing emergence of contemporary Australia. The history of the Scandinavian-Australian newspaper Norden is the subject of Mark Emmerson’s “A Readership of Convenience: Macro-national Cooperation within the Scandinavian-Australian Newspaper”. This expatriate newspaper, which ran between 1896 and 1940, offered a mode of connectivity for migrant Scandinavians across Australasia and back to their homelands. Emmerson argues that this media generated a pan-Scandinavianism that evoked Romantic-era commitments to cultural cohesion and collective care, drawing fragmented and often isolated Danish, Swedish and Norwegian immigrant communities into a unified readership that performed a mode of “macro-national cooperation”. Moving to the later part of the 20th century, Cameron Coventry’s “Sedimentary Layers: Bob Hawke, his World Record and Ocker Chic” focuses on this iconic Australian prime minister and his cultural production: a figure of middle-class masculinity that deployed powerful components of working-class mythology, notably the “larrikin” and the “ocker”. Coventry traces the rise of “ocker chic” from Hawke through subsequent political leaders of the 1980s, the 1990s and beyond, making the case that its mobilisation of particular signifiers of class, race and gender has continued to entrench neoliberal capitalism and the political and social power of a narrow demographic. John Hayward’s “The Hoyleton Institute Stage","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"89 1","pages":"427 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83872106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2236618
Shoshana Dreyfus, Annett Hellwig
ABSTRACT This article presents a linguistic analysis of Australian Acknowledgements of Country, an ancient Indigenous practice now increasingly prevalent in Australian public life. Acknowledgements of Country are typically spoken at the beginning of events by either Indigenous or non-Indigenous people. While celebrated as a practice that gives voice and primacy to Country, Indigenous peoples and their cultural practices, they have also attracted criticism for being tokenistic and minimising the severity of the genocide and continuing exploitation of Indigenous peoples. Supporting a body of work that critically engages with the values and structure of Acknowledgements of Country, we deploy a variety of tools from systemic functional linguistics to analyse 20 examples (both spoken and written), using the lexicogrammatical and discourse semantic systems of agency, transitivity and appraisal. Our findings show that there are both obligatory and optional parts in the Acknowledgments of Country, and that these linguistic choices can illuminate contemporary power dynamics and political stances. Our intention here is to the highlight the language choices that place obligations and duties on speakers in delivering their Acknowledgements of Country.
{"title":"Meaningful Rituals: A Linguistic Analysis of Acknowledgements of Country","authors":"Shoshana Dreyfus, Annett Hellwig","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2236618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2236618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a linguistic analysis of Australian Acknowledgements of Country, an ancient Indigenous practice now increasingly prevalent in Australian public life. Acknowledgements of Country are typically spoken at the beginning of events by either Indigenous or non-Indigenous people. While celebrated as a practice that gives voice and primacy to Country, Indigenous peoples and their cultural practices, they have also attracted criticism for being tokenistic and minimising the severity of the genocide and continuing exploitation of Indigenous peoples. Supporting a body of work that critically engages with the values and structure of Acknowledgements of Country, we deploy a variety of tools from systemic functional linguistics to analyse 20 examples (both spoken and written), using the lexicogrammatical and discourse semantic systems of agency, transitivity and appraisal. Our findings show that there are both obligatory and optional parts in the Acknowledgments of Country, and that these linguistic choices can illuminate contemporary power dynamics and political stances. Our intention here is to the highlight the language choices that place obligations and duties on speakers in delivering their Acknowledgements of Country.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"590 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82501316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2236394
T. Rowse
{"title":"My People's Songs: How an Indigenous Family Survived Colonial Tasmania","authors":"T. Rowse","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2236394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2236394","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"614 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89286594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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