In the present article, I study the language used in three English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) digital marketing seminars, in which the tutor and other participants gave feedback about the ‘pitches’, (i.e., short marketing speeches), presented by students in the same session. As this activity involved making reference to what students said in their ‘pitches’, the seminars provide ample evidence for the metaphorical construction of speech activity by the participants in the seminars. The analysis shows that these ELF speakers mostly adopted pre-existing and conventionalised metaphorical models used in English and that they do not attempt to incorporate other source domains, except for one, which I have labelled storytelling, as it associates pitch delivery with telling a story. However, at the level of linguistic metaphors used, greater use of unconventional metaphors can be found, although mostly adapted to and consistent with the conceptual models identified. In general terms, metaphor innovation in this English as a Lingua Franca context seems to be ‘norm following’ rather than ‘norm transcending’.
{"title":"Conventional metaphors in English as a lingua franca","authors":"Rafael Alejo-González","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00168.ale","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00168.ale","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present article, I study the language used in three English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) digital\u0000 marketing seminars, in which the tutor and other participants gave feedback about the ‘pitches’, (i.e., short marketing speeches),\u0000 presented by students in the same session. As this activity involved making reference to what students said in their ‘pitches’,\u0000 the seminars provide ample evidence for the metaphorical construction of speech activity by the participants in the\u0000 seminars. The analysis shows that these ELF speakers mostly adopted pre-existing and conventionalised metaphorical models used in\u0000 English and that they do not attempt to incorporate other source domains, except for one, which I have labelled\u0000 storytelling, as it associates pitch delivery with telling a story. However, at the level of linguistic metaphors\u0000 used, greater use of unconventional metaphors can be found, although mostly adapted to and consistent with the conceptual models\u0000 identified. In general terms, metaphor innovation in this English as a Lingua Franca context seems to be ‘norm following’ rather\u0000 than ‘norm transcending’.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports an interview with Robert D. Van Valin, Jr., which was held on March 2, 2023, with follow-up e-mail exchanges. Robert Van Valin is the primary developer of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), a syntactic theory whose principles and commitments intersect with those of Cognitive Linguistics (CL). The article discusses RRG vis-à-vis CL and other approaches to the study of language. It aims to raise awareness about the shared principles of RRG and CL, to enhance cross-fertilization between the two approaches and ultimately inspire new research directions in linguistic theory. The paper is organized into three main parts: (i) background information on the birth and development of RRG, (ii) general principles and commitments of RRG and CL, and (iii) specific issues in the study of language.
本文报道了 2023 年 3 月 2 日对小罗伯特-D-范-瓦林（Robert D. Van Valin）的采访，以及后续的电子邮件交流。罗伯特-范-瓦林（Robert Van Valin）是角色与参照语法（RRG）的主要开发者，RRG 是一种句法理论，其原则和承诺与认知语言学（CL）的原则和承诺相互交叉。这篇文章讨论了 RRG 与认知语言学和其他语言研究方法的关系。文章旨在提高人们对 RRG 和 CL 的共同原则的认识，加强这两种方法之间的相互交流，并最终激发语言学理论的新研究方向。本文分为三个主要部分：(i) RRG 诞生和发展的背景信息，(ii) RRG 和 CL 的一般原则和承诺，(iii) 语言研究中的具体问题。
{"title":"Reflections on the study of language","authors":"Delia Bentley, Kiyoko Toratani","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00166.ben","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00166.ben","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports an interview with Robert D. Van Valin, Jr., which was held on March 2, 2023, with follow-up e-mail exchanges. Robert Van Valin is the primary developer of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), a syntactic theory whose principles and commitments intersect with those of Cognitive Linguistics (CL). The article discusses RRG vis-à-vis CL and other approaches to the study of language. It aims to raise awareness about the shared principles of RRG and CL, to enhance cross-fertilization between the two approaches and ultimately inspire new research directions in linguistic theory. The paper is organized into three main parts: (i) background information on the birth and development of RRG, (ii) general principles and commitments of RRG and CL, and (iii) specific issues in the study of language.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The word for grey has been studied in different languages as part of the definition of basic colour terms, and in historical linguistics some studies have addressed grey as their main focus. The Finnish basic colour term harmaa (‘grey’) has been addressed before in data from early to mid-twentieth century and as a basic colour term, but in contemporary language harmaa has not been analysed with corpus methods before. This study presents the semantics of harmaa in written communicational use of language, internet conversation, in the framework of Cognitive Grammar and access semantics, using qualitative corpus analysis. The study results show that the shade or set of shades that harmaa profiles in different contexts vary, and surface textures, mood, or evaluative aspects can also be profiled. However, more studies are needed to reveal the semantics of harmaa in different interactional situations.
{"title":"Conceptualizing achromaticity","authors":"Veera Hatakka","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00167.hat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00167.hat","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The word for grey has been studied in different languages as part of the definition of basic colour terms, and in\u0000 historical linguistics some studies have addressed grey as their main focus. The Finnish basic colour term harmaa\u0000 (‘grey’) has been addressed before in data from early to mid-twentieth century and as a basic colour term, but in contemporary language\u0000 harmaa has not been analysed with corpus methods before. This study presents the semantics of\u0000 harmaa in written communicational use of language, internet conversation, in the framework of Cognitive\u0000 Grammar and access semantics, using qualitative corpus analysis. The study results show that the shade or set of shades that\u0000 harmaa profiles in different contexts vary, and surface textures, mood, or evaluative aspects can also be\u0000 profiled. However, more studies are needed to reveal the semantics of harmaa in different interactional\u0000 situations.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent years, personal development has driven increasing interest, and the study of metaphor has expanded to various discourse types. This study aims to explore the metaphors in personal development discourse and determine their schematicity hierarchies, using Carol Dweck’s (2016) book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success as a case study. Metaphor Identification Procedure VU ( Steen et al., 2010 ) is used to identify metaphors in the book and Zoltan Kövecses’s (2020) Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory is used to establish the relationship between the metaphors identified and primary metaphors. The findings show that topics such as mindset, growth mindset, fixed mindset, success, and failure instantiate correlation and resemblance metaphors. In addition, all the correlation-based metaphors identified in the corpus possess full schematic hierarchies. It entails that they all consist of image schema, domain, frame and mental space levels. Moreover, the findings reveal that in different metaphorical expressions, the same image schema-level metaphor is likely to activate different domain, frame and mental space-level metaphors. Finally, some image schema-level metaphors share the same domain-level metaphor in different schematicity hierarchies, whereas others activate different domain-level metaphors in different schematicity hierarchies.
近年来，随着个人发展对隐喻的兴趣日益浓厚，隐喻的研究已经扩展到各种话语类型。本研究以Carol Dweck(2016)的著作《Mindset: the New Psychology of Success》为例，探讨个人发展话语中的隐喻，并确定其图式层次。隐喻识别程序VU (Steen et al.， 2010)用于识别书中的隐喻，Zoltan Kövecses(2020)的扩展概念隐喻理论用于建立识别的隐喻与主要隐喻之间的关系。研究结果表明，心态、成长心态、固定心态、成功和失败等主题都是相关性和相似性隐喻的实例。此外，在语料库中发现的所有基于关联的隐喻都具有完整的图式层次结构。这意味着它们都由意象图式、领域、框架和心理空间层次组成。此外，在不同的隐喻表达中，相同的意象图式级隐喻可能激活不同的领域、框架和心理空间级隐喻。最后，一些意象图式层隐喻在不同的图式层次中共享相同的领域层隐喻，而另一些意象图式层隐喻在不同的图式层次中激活不同的领域层隐喻。
{"title":"Metaphor as a key tool in personal development discourse","authors":"Yvan Rudhel Megaptche Megaptche, Iarimalala Jenny Ramanantsoa","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00165.meg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00165.meg","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, personal development has driven increasing interest, and the study of metaphor has expanded to various discourse types. This study aims to explore the metaphors in personal development discourse and determine their schematicity hierarchies, using Carol Dweck’s (2016) book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success as a case study. Metaphor Identification Procedure VU ( Steen et al., 2010 ) is used to identify metaphors in the book and Zoltan Kövecses’s (2020) Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory is used to establish the relationship between the metaphors identified and primary metaphors. The findings show that topics such as mindset, growth mindset, fixed mindset, success, and failure instantiate correlation and resemblance metaphors. In addition, all the correlation-based metaphors identified in the corpus possess full schematic hierarchies. It entails that they all consist of image schema, domain, frame and mental space levels. Moreover, the findings reveal that in different metaphorical expressions, the same image schema-level metaphor is likely to activate different domain, frame and mental space-level metaphors. Finally, some image schema-level metaphors share the same domain-level metaphor in different schematicity hierarchies, whereas others activate different domain-level metaphors in different schematicity hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Metaphors can express ideological and evaluative positions. However, comparative studies on the framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese contexts remain underexplored. This study examines how journalists in China, the UK, and the US use sports/game metaphors to frame trade disputes in comparable English-language economic news based on a context-sensitive and hierarchical analytical framework. Results reveal the prevalence of sports/game metaphors in both Chinese and Western texts. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the UK and US texts exhibit socio-cultural preferences for associating specific sports/game scenarios that are salient in Western cultures, e.g., rugby, with trade disputes, and favor a competition narrative. However, the Chinese texts favor a coopetition narrative, suggesting both competition and win-win cooperation. This study adds new insights into cultural variations in the use and framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese economic discourse to express ideological standpoints towards similar economic issues.
{"title":"Zero-sum or Win-win Game?","authors":"Dongman Cai","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00164.cai","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00164.cai","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metaphors can express ideological and evaluative positions. However, comparative studies on the framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese contexts remain underexplored. This study examines how journalists in China, the UK, and the US use sports/game metaphors to frame trade disputes in comparable English-language economic news based on a context-sensitive and hierarchical analytical framework. Results reveal the prevalence of sports/game metaphors in both Chinese and Western texts. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the UK and US texts exhibit socio-cultural preferences for associating specific sports/game scenarios that are salient in Western cultures, e.g., rugby, with trade disputes, and favor a competition narrative. However, the Chinese texts favor a coopetition narrative, suggesting both competition and win-win cooperation. This study adds new insights into cultural variations in the use and framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese economic discourse to express ideological standpoints towards similar economic issues.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study examines the interpretation of evidential propositions using insights from the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), including its recent classification of situational scenarios (cognitive models) into three sub-types: descriptive, attitudinal and regulatory. The aim is to show that processing the meaning of an evidential proposition can require profiling parts of all three types of situational scenarios– a process that is activated (at the lexical-constructional, discourse and implicational levels) by such cognitive operations as echoing , contrast and metonymy . This is consistent with the principles of Relevance according to which the contextual information required for interpreting the speaker’s explicit/implicit meaning (i.e., explicating/implicating it) is not limited to a particular knowledge type or source (encyclopaedic, socio-cultural, religious and so on). The study, thus, complements work on evidentiality by going beyond its features, markers and behaviour in discourse to focus on the interpretation of evidential propositions in connection with cognitive models and operations.
{"title":"Evidential propositions as situational scenarios","authors":"Ghsoon Reda","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00163.red","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00163.red","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the interpretation of evidential propositions using insights from the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), including its recent classification of situational scenarios (cognitive models) into three sub-types: descriptive, attitudinal and regulatory. The aim is to show that processing the meaning of an evidential proposition can require profiling parts of all three types of situational scenarios– a process that is activated (at the lexical-constructional, discourse and implicational levels) by such cognitive operations as echoing , contrast and metonymy . This is consistent with the principles of Relevance according to which the contextual information required for interpreting the speaker’s explicit/implicit meaning (i.e., explicating/implicating it) is not limited to a particular knowledge type or source (encyclopaedic, socio-cultural, religious and so on). The study, thus, complements work on evidentiality by going beyond its features, markers and behaviour in discourse to focus on the interpretation of evidential propositions in connection with cognitive models and operations.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting-Ting Christina Hsu, Li-Chi Chen, Michał Janowski
Preview this online first article: Review of Panther (2022): Introduction to cognitive pragmatics, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/rcl.00162.hsu/rcl.00162.hsu-1.gif
{"title":"Review of Panther (2022): Introduction to cognitive pragmatics","authors":"Ting-Ting Christina Hsu, Li-Chi Chen, Michał Janowski","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00162.hsu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00162.hsu","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this online first article: Review of Panther (2022): Introduction to cognitive pragmatics, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/rcl.00162.hsu/rcl.00162.hsu-1.gif","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the meanings of the phrase flatten the curve before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from two corpora, the iWeb Corpus and the Coronavirus Corpus, it focuses on semantic frames ( Fillmore, 1985 ) and frame metonymy ( Dancygier & Sweetser, 2014 ). The investigation reveals that the construal of the phrase after the outbreak of COVID-19 requires the invocation of both bell curve and pandemic frames; that is, without the pandemic frame, the phrase would remain in the domain of statistics and refer to a change in a graph. The data are sorted into four semantic categories based on the context in which they appear (epidemiological/non-epidemiological) and on the effect they pursue regarding the flattening-the-curve scenario (rigorous/non-rigorous). The phrase’s polysemy is explained by the part of the process for effect of the process metonymy. The flatter curve, as a salient part of a scenario, serves to refer to one of the scenario’s effects. The analysis also observes a correlation between the real-world experience of the pandemic and the actual frequency of flatten the curve in that the ratio of each semantic category reflects the contemporaneous real-world significance of reducing the rate of increase of new infections.
摘要本文对新冠肺炎疫情爆发前后“flatten the curve”一词的含义进行了对比分析。使用两个语料库的数据，iWeb语料库和冠状病毒语料库，它侧重于语义框架(Fillmore, 1985)和框架转喻(Dancygier &Sweetser, 2014)。调查显示，对COVID-19爆发后这一短语的解释需要调用钟形曲线和大流行框架;也就是说，如果没有大流行的框架，这个短语将仍然停留在统计领域，指的是图表中的变化。根据数据出现的上下文(流行病学/非流行病学)以及它们对曲线趋平情景(严格/非严格)所追求的效果，将数据分为四个语义类别。短语的多义词是由过程的一部分来解释的，因为过程转喻的效果。较平坦的曲线，作为一个场景的显著部分，用来表示场景的影响之一。分析还观察到流行病的实际经验与使曲线变平的实际频率之间存在相关性，因为每个语义类别的比率反映了减少新感染增长率的同期现实意义。
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and changing meanings of <i>flatten the curve</i>","authors":"Ji-in Kang, Iksoo Kwon","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00158.kan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00158.kan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the meanings of the phrase flatten the curve before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from two corpora, the iWeb Corpus and the Coronavirus Corpus, it focuses on semantic frames ( Fillmore, 1985 ) and frame metonymy ( Dancygier & Sweetser, 2014 ). The investigation reveals that the construal of the phrase after the outbreak of COVID-19 requires the invocation of both bell curve and pandemic frames; that is, without the pandemic frame, the phrase would remain in the domain of statistics and refer to a change in a graph. The data are sorted into four semantic categories based on the context in which they appear (epidemiological/non-epidemiological) and on the effect they pursue regarding the flattening-the-curve scenario (rigorous/non-rigorous). The phrase’s polysemy is explained by the part of the process for effect of the process metonymy. The flatter curve, as a salient part of a scenario, serves to refer to one of the scenario’s effects. The analysis also observes a correlation between the real-world experience of the pandemic and the actual frequency of flatten the curve in that the ratio of each semantic category reflects the contemporaneous real-world significance of reducing the rate of increase of new infections.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract According to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis, people’s orientations of sagittal spatiotemporal mappings are conditioned by their characteristic patterns of attention to the past and/or future. While a growing body of research has investigated how a variety of psychological, social, and environmental factors associated with temporal focus shape implicit space-time mappings, little is known about whether the degree of entropy in the visual context influences spatial conceptions of time. Based on the findings that high-entropy images invoke a past-focused mindset and low-entropy images invoke a future-focused mindset, the current work explores how entropy impacts people’s temporal focus and mental representations of time. In Study 1 involving a self-report measure of temporal focus, we found that while high-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the past and led to more past-in-front responses, low-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the future and led to more future-in-front responses. Using both self-reported measures and other-report ratings of temporal focus, Study 2 conceptually replicated the findings of Study 1 in a more diverse population. Considered together, these results bolster support for the Temporal Focus Hypothesis that entropy triggers corresponding changes in temporal focus and in mental sagittal space-time mappings.
{"title":"The physics of time","authors":"Renqiang Wang, Heng Li, Bo Yang","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00161.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00161.wan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis, people’s orientations of sagittal spatiotemporal mappings are conditioned by their characteristic patterns of attention to the past and/or future. While a growing body of research has investigated how a variety of psychological, social, and environmental factors associated with temporal focus shape implicit space-time mappings, little is known about whether the degree of entropy in the visual context influences spatial conceptions of time. Based on the findings that high-entropy images invoke a past-focused mindset and low-entropy images invoke a future-focused mindset, the current work explores how entropy impacts people’s temporal focus and mental representations of time. In Study 1 involving a self-report measure of temporal focus, we found that while high-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the past and led to more past-in-front responses, low-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the future and led to more future-in-front responses. Using both self-reported measures and other-report ratings of temporal focus, Study 2 conceptually replicated the findings of Study 1 in a more diverse population. Considered together, these results bolster support for the Temporal Focus Hypothesis that entropy triggers corresponding changes in temporal focus and in mental sagittal space-time mappings.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper offers a cognitively oriented approach to the Spanish subjunctive. This verb form is examined in light of Langacker’s grounding theory. In my understanding, the ground is defined as the communication situation with three inherently interrelated components: temporality, modality and evidentiality. The subjunctive is then analysed in relation to these three categories. Particular attention is paid to the evidential component of the ground and its relationship to the Spanish subjunctive. I define the contexts in which the subjunctive appears as grounding inhibitors. Consequently, the subjunctive is understood as a verb form lacking temporal, modal and evidential grounding (in opposition to the indicative, which denotes fully grounded processes).
{"title":"The Spanish subjunctive and grounding","authors":"Dana Kratochvílová","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00160.kra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00160.kra","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper offers a cognitively oriented approach to the Spanish subjunctive. This verb form is examined in light of Langacker’s grounding theory. In my understanding, the ground is defined as the communication situation with three inherently interrelated components: temporality, modality and evidentiality. The subjunctive is then analysed in relation to these three categories. Particular attention is paid to the evidential component of the ground and its relationship to the Spanish subjunctive. I define the contexts in which the subjunctive appears as grounding inhibitors. Consequently, the subjunctive is understood as a verb form lacking temporal, modal and evidential grounding (in opposition to the indicative, which denotes fully grounded processes).","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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