This paper analyzes metaphorical conceptualizations of happiness in the historical corpus of Classical Malay and in the corpus of present-day Indonesian, the national variety of Malay used in Indonesia. The aim is to explore the idea of diachronic salience and universal/variation in metaphorical conceptualizations between diachronic varieties of the same language. Token and type frequencies are used as measures of salience of the metaphors. Seven of the top-10 metaphors in Classical Malay with high token and type frequencies also make into the top-10 metaphors ranked by these measures in Indonesian, suggesting a relatively stable diachronic salience of the metaphoric cognitive models of happiness in these two Malay varieties. The shared metaphors are parts of larger networks of semantic domains, namely possession, location, motion, containment, and quantity. The metaphors are discussed in relation to themes reported in earlier cross-cultural psychological studies of the cultural folk models of happiness.
{"title":"Exploring diachronic salience of emotion metaphors","authors":"Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, I. M. Rajeg","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00133.raj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00133.raj","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyzes metaphorical conceptualizations of happiness in the historical corpus of Classical Malay and in the corpus of present-day Indonesian, the national variety of Malay used in Indonesia. The aim is to explore the idea of diachronic salience and universal/variation in metaphorical conceptualizations between diachronic varieties of the same language. Token and type frequencies are used as measures of salience of the metaphors. Seven of the top-10 metaphors in Classical Malay with high token and type frequencies also make into the top-10 metaphors ranked by these measures in Indonesian, suggesting a relatively stable diachronic salience of the metaphoric cognitive models of happiness in these two Malay varieties. The shared metaphors are parts of larger networks of semantic domains, namely possession, location, motion, containment, and quantity. The metaphors are discussed in relation to themes reported in earlier cross-cultural psychological studies of the cultural folk models of happiness.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47994556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are two approaches to Differential Object Marking (dom): The Ambiguity Thesis and the Transitivity Thesis. The Ambiguity Thesis states that a morphological mark for the direct object tends to be used when it possesses the prototypical properties of the subject, such as agenthood, animacy, definiteness or topicality. The Transitivity Thesis argues that languages tend to mark categories with high transitivity values morphologically, rather than lower values. In our study we combined these two approaches to create a systematic model, which is a modified version of the Transitivity Hypothesis of Hopper and Thompson (1980). We postulate that the minimal condition to use dom in Spanish is a cognitive profiling of the referent of the direct object. The degree of profiling can be considered as cognitive prominence and can distinguish from more prototypical uses of dom to less prototypical ones. Our model provides a plausible explanation not only regarding the hierarchical relation between dom properties, but also regarding some problematic uses of dom.
{"title":"A cognitive analysis on Spanish differential object marking based on a modified model of the Transitivity Hypothesis","authors":"Sunghye Yang","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00136.yan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00136.yan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There are two approaches to Differential Object Marking (dom): The Ambiguity Thesis and the Transitivity Thesis. The Ambiguity Thesis states that a morphological mark for the direct object tends to be used when it possesses the prototypical properties of the subject, such as agenthood, animacy, definiteness or topicality. The Transitivity Thesis argues that languages tend to mark categories with high transitivity values morphologically, rather than lower values. In our study we combined these two approaches to create a systematic model, which is a modified version of the Transitivity Hypothesis of Hopper and Thompson (1980). We postulate that the minimal condition to use dom in Spanish is a cognitive profiling of the referent of the direct object. The degree of profiling can be considered as cognitive prominence and can distinguish from more prototypical uses of dom to less prototypical ones. Our model provides a plausible explanation not only regarding the hierarchical relation between dom properties, but also regarding some problematic uses of dom.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Lin (2019): Encoding motion events in Mandarin Chinese. A cognitive functional study","authors":"Na Liu, F. Li","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00138.liu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00138.liu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44957581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the constructional properties of internet memes by conducting a case study of If 2020 was a(n) X (IYWX) memes within the framework of Viewpoint Spaces (Dancygier & Vandelanotte, 2017). By looking into constructional properties and viewpoint interactions at multiple conceptual levels evoked by the juxtaposition of text and an image, this paper aims to shed light on cases where extended meanings emerge as the cognizer’s expectation on the conventionalized use of the meme is flouted. IYWX memes reveal the meme maker’s stance toward the year 2020, either evaluative or depictive, with the help of the conditional construction and the pictorial presentation of X. This study also accounts for a third type, in which the de-conventionalized construal relies on the meme viewer’s expectation of the meme’s structure. This specific type is intriguing because it indicates that the conventional use of internet memes can be extended just as verbal constructions can.
本文通过在视点空间框架内对“如果2020是一个(n) X (IYWX)模因”进行案例研究，探讨了网络模因的结构属性(Dancygier & Vandelanotte, 2017)。通过研究文本和图像并置所引起的多个概念层面的结构特性和观点互动，本文旨在揭示当认知者对模因的常规使用的期望被蔑视时，扩展意义出现的情况。IYWX模因借助x的条件建构和图形呈现，揭示了模因制造者对2020年的立场，或评价或描绘。本研究还考虑了第三种类型，即非约定式解释依赖于模因观察者对模因结构的期望。这种特殊的类型很有趣，因为它表明网络模因的传统使用可以扩展，就像口头结构一样。
{"title":"Meaning extensions of internet memes","authors":"Ji-in Kang, Hanbeom Jung, A. Y. Kwon, Iksoo Kwon","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00131.kan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00131.kan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper explores the constructional properties of internet memes by conducting a case study of If 2020 was a(n) X (IYWX) memes within the framework of Viewpoint Spaces (Dancygier & Vandelanotte, 2017). By looking into constructional properties and viewpoint interactions at multiple conceptual levels evoked by the juxtaposition of text and an image, this paper aims to shed light on cases where extended meanings emerge as the cognizer’s expectation on the conventionalized use of the meme is flouted. IYWX memes reveal the meme maker’s stance toward the year 2020, either evaluative or depictive, with the help of the conditional construction and the pictorial presentation of X. This study also accounts for a third type, in which the de-conventionalized construal relies on the meme viewer’s expectation of the meme’s structure. This specific type is intriguing because it indicates that the conventional use of internet memes can be extended just as verbal constructions can.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Ladewig (2020): Integrating gestures: The dimension of multimodality in Cognitive Grammar","authors":"Zhibin Peng, M. Afzaal","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00137.pen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00137.pen","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47774827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the effects of L2 proficiency and manner salience on English learners’ verb lexicalization of spontaneous motion events. Three proficiency groups of L1 Korean learners of L2 English were asked to describe spontaneous motion situations, and their use of verbs was compared to that of native English speakers. Results indicate that L2 learners’ verb lexicalization was heavily influenced by the typological patterns of their native language, but the development of target-like lexicalization patterns occurred even though it plateaued at a certain acquisitional phase. Moreover, it was found that the degree of adopting target-like lexicalization patterns varied by manner-of-motion types (i.e., high-salience manner such as swim versus low-salience manner such as walk) in all three learner groups, implying that the inherent salience of manner has an impact on L2 lexicalization of spontaneous motion.
{"title":"L2 English learners’ verb lexicalization of motion events","authors":"Jeeyoung Jeon, Min-Chang Sung","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00134.jeo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00134.jeo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines the effects of L2 proficiency and manner salience on English learners’ verb lexicalization of\u0000 spontaneous motion events. Three proficiency groups of L1 Korean learners of L2 English were asked to describe spontaneous motion\u0000 situations, and their use of verbs was compared to that of native English speakers. Results indicate that L2 learners’ verb\u0000 lexicalization was heavily influenced by the typological patterns of their native language, but the development of target-like\u0000 lexicalization patterns occurred even though it plateaued at a certain acquisitional phase. Moreover, it was found that the degree\u0000 of adopting target-like lexicalization patterns varied by manner-of-motion types (i.e., high-salience manner such as\u0000 swim versus low-salience manner such as walk) in all three learner groups, implying that the\u0000 inherent salience of manner has an impact on L2 lexicalization of spontaneous motion.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48428511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stemming from the use-mention distinction by the philosophy of language, Relevance Theory introduces the notion of echo in the context of the echoic mention theory of irony (cf. Wilson & Sperber, 2012). Since then, echoing has awakened multidisciplinary interest, mostly in connection to this figure of thought. Studies on echoing have provided a largely one-dimensional approach. Within cognitive modeling studies, echoing is elevated to the status of cognitive operation. Taking cognitive modeling as a starting point, the aim of the present article is to study echoing from a multidimensional perspective, focusing on its features, functions, and usages. Specifically, the present study addresses echoic implicitness, completeness, complexity, accuracy, and non-ironic echoes (i.e., parodic echoes, denotational and non-denotational echoes). All in all, this study introduces a higher degree of systematicity in the study of echoing in general and endows echo-based studies of irony with greater explanatory adequacy.
{"title":"A multidimensional approach to echoing","authors":"Inés Lozano-Palacio","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00132.loz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00132.loz","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Stemming from the use-mention distinction by the philosophy of language, Relevance Theory introduces the notion of echo in the context of the echoic mention theory of irony (cf. Wilson & Sperber, 2012). Since then, echoing has awakened multidisciplinary interest, mostly in connection to this figure of thought. Studies on echoing have provided a largely one-dimensional approach. Within cognitive modeling studies, echoing is elevated to the status of cognitive operation. Taking cognitive modeling as a starting point, the aim of the present article is to study echoing from a multidimensional perspective, focusing on its features, functions, and usages. Specifically, the present study addresses echoic implicitness, completeness, complexity, accuracy, and non-ironic echoes (i.e., parodic echoes, denotational and non-denotational echoes). All in all, this study introduces a higher degree of systematicity in the study of echoing in general and endows echo-based studies of irony with greater explanatory adequacy.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growing evidence shows the role of teachers gestures not only in L2 learning (Stam & Tellier, 2021) but also in supporting learning in the L1 classroom (Alibali et al., 2014; Crowder, 1996; Wilson et al., 2014). The current study aims at contributing to this last perspective. Based on data from a 3rd grade plurilingual classroom in an Italian school, it observes the ‘catchments’ (McNeill, 2000) in teacher’s gesticulation during a cycle of lessons on “The origin of life”. The analysis identifies conceptual components based on the time is space metaphor associated with gestures, and observes their alignment with lexical items – either technical or common words (evolution, ages, ancestors, archaic; change, back, old) – in speech. The gesture-word association supports both the conceptualization of the notions and the acquisition of the related lexicon: gestures connect recurring concepts to their different verbalisations, ensuring a conceptually coherent representation over the lesson; they establish synonimic relations between technical and common words; and they can also work as memory triggers towards and between concepts and lexical units.
越来越多的证据表明，教师的手势不仅在第二语言学习中发挥作用(Stam & Tellier, 2021)，而且在第一语言课堂上支持学习(Alibali等人，2014;克劳德,1996;Wilson et al.， 2014)。目前的研究旨在为最后一种观点做出贡献。根据意大利一所学校三年级多语课堂的数据，该研究观察了“生命起源”课程周期中教师手势的“集水区”(McNeill, 2000)。该分析根据与手势相关的时空隐喻来识别概念成分，并观察它们与词汇项目的一致性——无论是技术词汇还是常用词(进化、年龄、祖先、古老;Change, back, old)——在演讲中。手势-词汇关联既支持概念的概念化，也支持相关词汇的习得:手势将重复出现的概念与其不同的语言表达联系起来，确保在整个课程中概念上的连贯表达;它们建立了专业词汇与常用词的同义关系;它们也可以作为概念和词汇单位之间的记忆触发器。
{"title":"Evolution is an arc along a timeline","authors":"C. Andorno","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00125.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00125.and","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Growing evidence shows the role of teachers gestures not only in L2 learning (Stam & Tellier, 2021) but also in supporting learning in the L1 classroom (Alibali et al., 2014; Crowder, 1996; Wilson et al., 2014). The current study aims at contributing to this last perspective. Based on data from a 3rd grade\u0000 plurilingual classroom in an Italian school, it observes the ‘catchments’ (McNeill,\u0000 2000) in teacher’s gesticulation during a cycle of lessons on “The origin of life”. The analysis identifies conceptual\u0000 components based on the time is space metaphor associated with gestures, and observes their alignment with lexical\u0000 items – either technical or common words (evolution, ages, ancestors, archaic; change, back,\u0000 old) – in speech. The gesture-word association supports both the conceptualization of the notions and the acquisition of\u0000 the related lexicon: gestures connect recurring concepts to their different verbalisations, ensuring a conceptually coherent\u0000 representation over the lesson; they establish synonimic relations between technical and common words; and they can also work as\u0000 memory triggers towards and between concepts and lexical units.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the differential effectiveness of two pedagogical approaches to teaching L1-Italian students the Russian verbs of motion (глаголы движения, VoMs). The first is a Cognitive Linguistics, embodied approach, where the teacher used techniques such as image schemas, drawings and bodily activation to help the learners explore and understand the logic of VoMs. The second is a classic PPP approach, that works with mnemonic exercises, drills, and reproduction techniques, and that used classic metalinguistic terms to explain VoMs. 54 L1-Italian Russian students enrolled at the second year of University have been recruited in the study. Two groups were created: group A received a 160 minutes embodied treatment about VoMs, whereas group B received a 160 minutes classical PPP treatment on VoMs. The informants have been tested in a classical pre, post and delayed-post test fashion with three different temporized tasks. Results show an accrued competence on VoMs of group A, that outperformed group B in all the tests. The relevance of these findings for L2 teaching will be discussed.
{"title":"Fostering the learning of the Russian motion verbs system in Italian-speaking students","authors":"Elena Comisso, Paolo Della Putta","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00127.com","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00127.com","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study reports on the differential effectiveness of two pedagogical approaches to teaching L1-Italian students\u0000 the Russian verbs of motion (глаголы движения, VoMs). The first is a Cognitive Linguistics, embodied approach, where the teacher\u0000 used techniques such as image schemas, drawings and bodily activation to help the learners explore and understand the logic of\u0000 VoMs. The second is a classic PPP approach, that works with mnemonic exercises, drills, and reproduction techniques, and that used\u0000 classic metalinguistic terms to explain VoMs.\u0000 54 L1-Italian Russian students enrolled at the second year of University have been recruited in the study. Two\u0000 groups were created: group A received a 160 minutes embodied treatment about VoMs, whereas group B received a 160 minutes\u0000 classical PPP treatment on VoMs.\u0000 The informants have been tested in a classical pre, post and delayed-post test fashion with three different\u0000 temporized tasks. Results show an accrued competence on VoMs of group A, that outperformed group B in all the tests. The relevance\u0000 of these findings for L2 teaching will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the body to activate the brain","authors":"Paolo Della Putta, F. Suñer","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00124.del","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00124.del","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41316802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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