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Evidential propositions as situational scenarios 作为情景情景的证据命题
4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00163.red
Ghsoon Reda
Abstract This study examines the interpretation of evidential propositions using insights from the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), including its recent classification of situational scenarios (cognitive models) into three sub-types: descriptive, attitudinal and regulatory. The aim is to show that processing the meaning of an evidential proposition can require profiling parts of all three types of situational scenarios– a process that is activated (at the lexical-constructional, discourse and implicational levels) by such cognitive operations as echoing , contrast and metonymy . This is consistent with the principles of Relevance according to which the contextual information required for interpreting the speaker’s explicit/implicit meaning (i.e., explicating/implicating it) is not limited to a particular knowledge type or source (encyclopaedic, socio-cultural, religious and so on). The study, thus, complements work on evidentiality by going beyond its features, markers and behaviour in discourse to focus on the interpretation of evidential propositions in connection with cognitive models and operations.
摘要本研究利用词汇建构模型(Lexical Constructional Model, LCM)的见解,探讨证据命题的解释,包括将情境情景(认知模型)分为描述性、态度性和调节性三种类型。其目的是表明,处理一个证据命题的意义可能需要对所有三种情景情景的部分进行剖析——这一过程(在词汇结构、话语和暗示层面)由诸如呼应、对比和转喻等认知操作激活。这与相关性原则是一致的,根据相关性原则,解释说话人的显性/隐性意义(即解释/暗示)所需的上下文信息不限于特定的知识类型或来源(百科全书、社会文化、宗教等)。因此,该研究通过超越话语中的特征、标记和行为,将重点放在与认知模型和操作相关的证据命题的解释上,从而补充了证据性方面的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Panther (2022): Introduction to cognitive pragmatics 回顾Panther(2022):认知语用学导论
4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00162.hsu
Ting-Ting Christina Hsu, Li-Chi Chen, Michał Janowski
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引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 pandemic and changing meanings of flatten the curve COVID-19大流行和变化的含义使曲线变平
4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00158.kan
Ji-in Kang, Iksoo Kwon
Abstract This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the meanings of the phrase flatten the curve before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from two corpora, the iWeb Corpus and the Coronavirus Corpus, it focuses on semantic frames ( Fillmore, 1985 ) and frame metonymy ( Dancygier & Sweetser, 2014 ). The investigation reveals that the construal of the phrase after the outbreak of COVID-19 requires the invocation of both bell curve and pandemic frames; that is, without the pandemic frame, the phrase would remain in the domain of statistics and refer to a change in a graph. The data are sorted into four semantic categories based on the context in which they appear (epidemiological/non-epidemiological) and on the effect they pursue regarding the flattening-the-curve scenario (rigorous/non-rigorous). The phrase’s polysemy is explained by the part of the process for effect of the process metonymy. The flatter curve, as a salient part of a scenario, serves to refer to one of the scenario’s effects. The analysis also observes a correlation between the real-world experience of the pandemic and the actual frequency of flatten the curve in that the ratio of each semantic category reflects the contemporaneous real-world significance of reducing the rate of increase of new infections.
摘要本文对新冠肺炎疫情爆发前后“flatten the curve”一词的含义进行了对比分析。使用两个语料库的数据,iWeb语料库和冠状病毒语料库,它侧重于语义框架(Fillmore, 1985)和框架转喻(Dancygier &Sweetser, 2014)。调查显示,对COVID-19爆发后这一短语的解释需要调用钟形曲线和大流行框架;也就是说,如果没有大流行的框架,这个短语将仍然停留在统计领域,指的是图表中的变化。根据数据出现的上下文(流行病学/非流行病学)以及它们对曲线趋平情景(严格/非严格)所追求的效果,将数据分为四个语义类别。短语的多义词是由过程的一部分来解释的,因为过程转喻的效果。较平坦的曲线,作为一个场景的显著部分,用来表示场景的影响之一。分析还观察到流行病的实际经验与使曲线变平的实际频率之间存在相关性,因为每个语义类别的比率反映了减少新感染增长率的同期现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
The physics of time 时间的物理学
4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00161.wan
Renqiang Wang, Heng Li, Bo Yang
Abstract According to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis, people’s orientations of sagittal spatiotemporal mappings are conditioned by their characteristic patterns of attention to the past and/or future. While a growing body of research has investigated how a variety of psychological, social, and environmental factors associated with temporal focus shape implicit space-time mappings, little is known about whether the degree of entropy in the visual context influences spatial conceptions of time. Based on the findings that high-entropy images invoke a past-focused mindset and low-entropy images invoke a future-focused mindset, the current work explores how entropy impacts people’s temporal focus and mental representations of time. In Study 1 involving a self-report measure of temporal focus, we found that while high-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the past and led to more past-in-front responses, low-entropy images increased Chinese students’ attention to the future and led to more future-in-front responses. Using both self-reported measures and other-report ratings of temporal focus, Study 2 conceptually replicated the findings of Study 1 in a more diverse population. Considered together, these results bolster support for the Temporal Focus Hypothesis that entropy triggers corresponding changes in temporal focus and in mental sagittal space-time mappings.
摘要根据时间焦点假说,人的矢状时空映射方向受其对过去和/或未来的注意特征模式的制约。虽然越来越多的研究已经调查了与时间焦点相关的各种心理、社会和环境因素如何形成隐式时空映射,但对于视觉环境中的熵度是否影响时间的空间概念,我们知之甚少。基于高熵图像引发关注过去的思维模式,而低熵图像引发关注未来的思维模式的发现,目前的工作探讨熵如何影响人们的时间焦点和时间的心理表征。在涉及时间焦点自我报告测量的研究1中,我们发现高熵图像增加了中国学生对过去的关注,并导致更多的过去前面反应,而低熵图像增加了中国学生对未来的关注,并导致更多的未来前面反应。研究2使用自我报告的测量方法和其他报告的时间焦点评分,在概念上复制了研究1在更多样化人群中的发现。综合考虑,这些结果支持了时间焦点假说,即熵触发了时间焦点和心理矢状时空映射的相应变化。
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引用次数: 0
The Spanish subjunctive and grounding 西班牙语的虚拟语气和接地
4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00160.kra
Dana Kratochvílová
Abstract The paper offers a cognitively oriented approach to the Spanish subjunctive. This verb form is examined in light of Langacker’s grounding theory. In my understanding, the ground is defined as the communication situation with three inherently interrelated components: temporality, modality and evidentiality. The subjunctive is then analysed in relation to these three categories. Particular attention is paid to the evidential component of the ground and its relationship to the Spanish subjunctive. I define the contexts in which the subjunctive appears as grounding inhibitors. Consequently, the subjunctive is understood as a verb form lacking temporal, modal and evidential grounding (in opposition to the indicative, which denotes fully grounded processes).
摘要本文对西班牙语虚拟语气进行了认知导向研究。这个动词形式是根据Langacker的基础理论来研究的。在我的理解中,“地”被定义为具有三个内在关联成分的交流情境:时间性、情态和证据性。然后分析虚拟语气与这三个范畴的关系。特别注意的是根据的证据成分及其与西班牙语虚拟语气的关系。我将虚拟语气出现的语境定义为接地抑制。因此,虚拟语气被理解为一种缺乏时间、情态和证据基础的动词形式(与指示性相反,指示性表示完全有根据的过程)。
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引用次数: 1
A mental spaces analysis of religious identity discourse 宗教认同话语的心理空间分析
IF 0.7 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00159.mue
Charles M. Mueller, Peter Richardson, Stephen Pihlaja
Religious identity is often viewed as a relatively stable construct, reflecting an individual’s personal worldview. However, individuals living within modern multi-cultural societies often must engage in extensive reflection to orient themselves to faith traditions in ways that are coherent and personally relevant. Although some work has examined the connection between narratives of religious experience, identity and cognition (cf. Richardson, 2012; Richardson & Nagashima, 2018; Richardson & Mueller, 2019), the relationship between thinking and speaking about this identity is still a developing area of enquiry, with important consequences for how religious faith and practice are understood. This article presents a detailed analysis of an interview with a UK-based Jewish woman based on the mental spaces (Fauconnier, 1994) and conceptual blending (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) frameworks. The analysis shows how mental spaces and the relationship between elements within those spaces emerge over the course of a discourse event so as to constitute a personal account of religious identity. The concluding section furthermore discusses how within- and across-space contrast links are utilized, along with general processes of compression and decompression, to develop a blend that dynamically expresses the interviewee’s religious identity as an integrated and coherent position lying between competing attractor states.
宗教身份通常被视为一种相对稳定的结构,反映了个人的个人世界观。然而,生活在现代多元文化社会中的个人往往必须进行广泛的反思,以连贯和个人相关的方式使自己适应信仰传统。尽管一些研究研究了宗教经验、身份和认知叙事之间的联系(cf. Richardson, 2012;Richardson & Nagashima, 2018;Richardson & Mueller, 2019),思考和谈论这种身份之间的关系仍然是一个发展中的研究领域,对如何理解宗教信仰和实践具有重要影响。本文基于心理空间(Fauconnier, 1994)和概念融合(Fauconnier & Turner, 2002)框架,对一位英国犹太妇女的采访进行了详细分析。分析显示了心理空间和这些空间中元素之间的关系是如何在话语事件的过程中出现的,从而构成了对宗教身份的个人描述。结论部分进一步讨论了如何利用空间内和跨空间的对比链接,以及压缩和解压的一般过程,来发展一种混合,动态地表达受访者的宗教身份,作为一个位于竞争吸引状态之间的完整和连贯的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Cuanto(s) más datos, (tanto) mejor 数据越多越好
IF 0.7 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00157.hor
Jakob Horsch
The Spanish comparative correlative (CC) construction (Cuanto más leo, (tanto) más entiendo) has a complex syntactic structure and complex semantics. The syntactic relationship between its two subclauses has been subject to much debate. This study, the first large-scale (> 3,000 tokens) corpus investigation, explores various aspects and provides evidence for hypotaxis. However, statistical analysis of the data also revealed ‘under-the-surface’ parataxis. I therefore argue that the construction cannot be classified as either hypotactic or paratactic, but as hypotactic and paratactic to certain degrees, also compared with its counterparts in English and Slovak. I argue that the ‘competition’ between hypotactic and paratactic encoding can be attributed to the principle of iconicity, that is, the “(partial) motivation of a construction’s form by its meaning” (Hoffmann, 2019, p. 12). Finally, I discuss various formal aspects of the Spanish CC construction that have so far gone unnoticed, providing new evidence in the form of corpus data.
西班牙语比较相关结构(Cuanto-más-leo,(tanto)más entiendo)具有复杂的句法结构和复杂的语义。它的两个子句之间的句法关系一直备受争议。这项研究,首次大规模(> 3000个标记)语料库调查,探索各个方面并为形合提供证据。然而,对数据的统计分析也揭示了“表面下”的视差。因此,我认为,与英语和斯洛伐克语中的构式相比,构式既不能归类为形合,也不能归类为意合,而是在一定程度上归类为形同和意合。我认为形合编码和意合编码之间的“竞争”可以归因于象似性原则,即“结构形式的(部分)动机”(Hoffmann,2019,p。 12) 。最后,我讨论了迄今为止尚未被注意到的西班牙语CC结构的各个形式方面,以语料库数据的形式提供了新的证据。
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引用次数: 0
The polysemy of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui 日语温度形容词atsui的多义现象
IF 0.7 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00156.wan
Haitao Wang, Toshiyuki Kanamaru, Ke Li
This study adopts a corpus-based behavioral profile approach to explore the semantic relationships among the senses of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui (‘hot’). As a result, the hierarchical cluster analysis represents the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses of atsui. Average silhouette width suggests a two-cluster interpretation, which reveals that senses derived from the same experience (sensory or subjective) tend to have similar usage characteristics. The discriminating properties of four subclusters and usage characteristics of each sense have been identified by means of computing t-values. Also, the structure of the hypothesized network has been represented based on the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses. The relationships among these ten senses and the usage characteristics identified in this study provide insight into Japanese lexicography. Moreover, as the first attempt to apply the behavioral profile to the investigation of Japanese polysemy, this study holds implications for lexical semantics in Japanese.
本研究采用基于语料库的行为特征分析方法,探讨日语温度形容词atsui(“热”)的语义关系。因此,层次聚类分析代表了atsui十感的分布(非)相似性。平均轮廓宽度表明双集群解释,这表明来自相同经验(感官或主观)的感官往往具有相似的使用特征。通过计算t值,确定了四个子簇的判别特性和每个感觉的使用特征。同时,基于十感的分布(非)相似度,给出了假设网络的结构。本研究确定的这十种感官之间的关系和用法特征为日语词典编纂提供了见解。此外,本研究首次尝试将行为特征应用于日语一词多义的研究,对日语词汇语义学具有一定的启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Capturing meaningful generalizations at varying degrees of resolution 以不同的分辨率获取有意义的概括
IF 0.7 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00153.gon
Francisco Gonzálvez-García
This article provides a principled constructionist account (Goldberg & Herbst, 2021) of the main characteristics of expressions like the following: (1) Juan es muy de (ir de) bares (‘Juan is very into (going to) bars’), and (2) Tu ayuda es muy de agradecer (‘Your help is very much appreciated’). Instances of this kind are best handled in terms of coercion between the intensifier and non-stative/non-gradable elements in the nominal slot of the de-PPs. Specifically, these combinations qualify as individual-level predicates with a characterizing, evaluative interpretation. The specific constructional interpretations in (1)–(2) arise from contextual adjustments (Carston, 2015), encoding a person’s habits and a potential modal deontic habituality, respectively. The semantic and pragmatic properties of the sub-constructions in (1)–(2), among others, can be adequately subsumed under a family of ser muy de-PP constructions, with the following general meaning: ‘X (SOMEONE/SOMETHING) (SUBJECT) IS SUBJECTIVELY CONSTRUED AS HAVING Y (A HIGHLIGHTED CLASSIFICATORY PROPERTY OF AN INDIVIDUAL/CLASS) (ATTRIBUTE)’.
这篇文章提供了一个原则性的建构主义描述(Goldberg&Herbst,2021),描述了以下表达的主要特征:(1)Juan es muy de(ir de)bares(“Juan非常喜欢(去)酒吧”)和(2)Tu ayuda es muy d agradecer(“非常感谢你的帮助”)。这类实例最好是在de PP的标称槽中的增强器和非静态/不可分级元素之间进行强制处理。具体来说,这些组合符合具有特征性、评价性解释的个体级谓词的资格。(1)-(2)中的具体结构解释源于上下文调整(Carston,2015),分别编码了一个人的习惯和潜在的模态义务习惯。(1)-(2)中的子结构的语义和语用性质等,可以充分包含在一个ser-muy-de-PP结构家族中,具有以下一般含义:“X(SOMEONE/SOMETHING)(SUBJECT)被主观地解释为具有Y(一个个体/类的突出分类性质)(ATTRIBUTE)”。
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引用次数: 0
Hydro-political power of the Nile 尼罗河的水力政治力量
IF 0.7 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1075/rcl.00148.els
Reham Farouk El Shazly, May Samir El Falaky
This study examines cognitive representations of Ethiopia and Egypt’s hydro-political stances on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Data were analysed using image schema theory and conceptual metaphor theory to identify how political leaders deploy conceptual structures to construct, maintain, and reproduce (counter-)hydro-hegemony for water management and international relations broadly. Results suggest that the gerd represents physical and symbolic boundaries constructed/activated to block and animate power. Egypt prefers multilateralism on gerd matters; whereas, Ethiopia acts unilaterally in its national interest. The findings indicate that international public opinion can be cognitively and discursively manipulated to legitimise (in)action sanctioning (counter)hydro-hegemony using original metaphor mappings and mini-narratives. This study posits that interstate hydro-disputes can be viewed as either a journey or trial. While Egypt suggested a family-threat-journey-destination script where all regions correlate to garner power, Ethiopia invoked a victim -threat-defendant-plaintiff-trial narrative to defend confrontational move(s) and motivate the illegitimate jury to dismiss the case.
本研究考察了埃塞俄比亚和埃及在埃塞俄比亚复兴大坝上的水文政治立场的认知表征。使用图像图式理论和概念隐喻理论对数据进行了分析,以确定政治领导人如何部署概念结构来构建、维持和再现(反)水资源霸权,以促进水资源管理和国际关系的广泛发展。结果表明,gerd代表了为阻挡和动画化力量而构建/激活的物理和符号边界。埃及倾向于在全球发展议程问题上采取多边主义;然而,埃塞俄比亚单方面采取行动符合其国家利益。研究结果表明,国际舆论可以被认知和话语操纵,以使用原始隐喻映射和迷你叙事使行动中的制裁(反)水力霸权合法化。这项研究认为,州际水利纠纷可以被视为一次旅程或审判。虽然埃及提出了一个家庭威胁之旅的目的地脚本,所有地区都有权获得权力,但埃塞俄比亚援引了受害者-威胁被告-原告的审判叙事,为对抗行为辩护,并激励非法陪审团驳回此案。
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引用次数: 0
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Review of Cognitive Linguistics
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