Cognitive Linguistics claims that language is not purely abstract and arbitrary, but meaningful and grounded in concepts arising from our embodied experiences (Oakley, 2007). The potential of using imagery and bodily representations to explain the conceptual motivation of grammar has been widely recognized in the context of language acquisition and teaching. This study investigates whether an increase of learners’ bodily engagement through the performance of bodily movements and locomotion produces even greater learning outcomes. To this end, we refer to Talmy’s (2000) Force Dynamic System to conduct a pretest-posttest interventional study with two groups of learners dealing with the German modal verb system. Whereas the first group watched multimedia animations (low bodily engagement), the second group was asked to perform bodily movements in line with the force-dynamic notions underlying the different modal verbs (high bodily engagement). The results show that both groups produced similar learning gains and that an increased bodily engagement could not be associated directly with a significantly better performance.
{"title":"Bodily engagement in the learning and teaching of grammar","authors":"F. Suñer, Jörg Roche, Liesbeth Van Vossel","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00126.sun","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00126.sun","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cognitive Linguistics claims that language is not purely abstract and arbitrary, but meaningful and grounded in\u0000 concepts arising from our embodied experiences (Oakley, 2007). The potential of using\u0000 imagery and bodily representations to explain the conceptual motivation of grammar has been widely recognized in the context of\u0000 language acquisition and teaching. This study investigates whether an increase of learners’ bodily engagement through the\u0000 performance of bodily movements and locomotion produces even greater learning outcomes. To this end, we refer to Talmy’s (2000) Force Dynamic System to conduct a pretest-posttest interventional study\u0000 with two groups of learners dealing with the German modal verb system. Whereas the first group watched multimedia animations (low\u0000 bodily engagement), the second group was asked to perform bodily movements in line with the force-dynamic notions underlying the\u0000 different modal verbs (high bodily engagement). The results show that both groups produced similar learning gains and that an\u0000 increased bodily engagement could not be associated directly with a significantly better performance.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43433032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated metonymic uses of the anthroponym ‘Assad’, the acronyms ‘ISIL’, ‘ISIS’, ‘Daesh’ and the toponymic adjective ‘European’ from a blending theory perspective. The corpus comprised British and American politicians’ speeches covering such topics as the activity of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, the fight against ISIS, and Euromaidan. Analysis of the data revealed that the source domain of a metonymic expression which has certain cognitive salience in an utterance fuses with the target leading to the emergence of a blend. It was also found that the construction of a metonymic blend in proper names often requires activation of world knowledge which forms part of the conceptual structure of the source or target domains of a proper name.
{"title":"The proper names ‘Assad’, ‘ISIL’, ‘ISIS’, ‘Daesh’ and ‘European’ as metonymic blends in political\u0000 discourse","authors":"T. Golubeva","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00129.gol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00129.gol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigated metonymic uses of the anthroponym ‘Assad’, the acronyms ‘ISIL’, ‘ISIS’, ‘Daesh’ and the\u0000 toponymic adjective ‘European’ from a blending theory perspective. The corpus comprised British and American politicians’ speeches\u0000 covering such topics as the activity of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, the fight against ISIS, and Euromaidan. Analysis of the\u0000 data revealed that the source domain of a metonymic expression which has certain cognitive salience in an utterance fuses with the\u0000 target leading to the emergence of a blend. It was also found that the construction of a metonymic blend in proper names often\u0000 requires activation of world knowledge which forms part of the conceptual structure of the source or target domains of a proper\u0000 name.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to develop a Cognitive Grammar (CG) analysis of three grammatical constructions in Korean, all of which employ the bound noun kes. The data under examination includes the Factive, Internally Headed Relative Clause (IHRC), and Cleft constructions. We propose a uniform treatment of the three types of kes by arguing that it denotes a schematic noun that profiles a thing (noun) and has some role in the process of the adnominal clause. Different interpretations of these constructions arise due to different types of conceptualizations involved in each instance. In so doing, we point out that previous proposals that deal with kes are neither general enough to capture the commonalities observed in all three constructions nor can account for the new observations we present.
{"title":"The Factive, IHRC, and Cleft constructions in Korean","authors":"Chongwon Park, Jaehoon Yeon","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00130.par","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00130.par","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to develop a Cognitive Grammar (CG) analysis of three grammatical constructions in Korean, all\u0000 of which employ the bound noun kes. The data under examination includes the Factive, Internally Headed Relative\u0000 Clause (IHRC), and Cleft constructions. We propose a uniform treatment of the three types of kes by arguing that\u0000 it denotes a schematic noun that profiles a thing (noun) and has some role in the process of the adnominal\u0000 clause. Different interpretations of these constructions arise due to different types of conceptualizations involved in each\u0000 instance. In so doing, we point out that previous proposals that deal with kes are neither general enough to\u0000 capture the commonalities observed in all three constructions nor can account for the new observations we present.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant.
{"title":"The role of metonymy in naming","authors":"P. Kos","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00128.kos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00128.kos","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The category of adverbs in Chinese, as is its counterpart in English, is featured by morphological, syntactic and semantic heterogeneity. The heterogeneity poses the questions of the categorial coherence and the conflicting criteria in identifying adverbs. This paper starts with the definition of adverbs in Cognitive Grammar and analyzes degree adverbs, temporal adverbs, scope adverbs, manner adverbs, attitude adverbs and negation adverbs in Chinese. It is found that they all profile a relationship with a relational trajector, consistent with the proposal in Cognitive Grammar, but the precise relationship has to be specified. Some adverbs can also serve as mental space builders. Moreover, the morphological and syntactic behaviors of adverbs can be motivated to different degrees by their semantic functions. The paper attempts to establish the categorial status of adverbs. It develops the semantic account of lexical categories and motivates the formal aspects of language from meaning.
{"title":"Chinese adverbs","authors":"Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00114.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00114.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The category of adverbs in Chinese, as is its counterpart in English, is featured by morphological, syntactic and semantic heterogeneity. The heterogeneity poses the questions of the categorial coherence and the conflicting criteria in identifying adverbs. This paper starts with the definition of adverbs in Cognitive Grammar and analyzes degree adverbs, temporal adverbs, scope adverbs, manner adverbs, attitude adverbs and negation adverbs in Chinese. It is found that they all profile a relationship with a relational trajector, consistent with the proposal in Cognitive Grammar, but the precise relationship has to be specified. Some adverbs can also serve as mental space builders. Moreover, the morphological and syntactic behaviors of adverbs can be motivated to different degrees by their semantic functions. The paper attempts to establish the categorial status of adverbs. It develops the semantic account of lexical categories and motivates the formal aspects of language from meaning.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48024576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a contrastive analysis of antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures using a multifactorial corpus method. The analysis yields the following findings. First, antonym ordering in coordinate structures is driven largely by the same ordering constraints across the two languages. Chronology and Positivity are the most prominent semantic motivating constraints, and Morphology is the most important formal motivating constraint. Second, there are some differences in constraints on antonym ordering between English and Chinese. Age and Gender exert a significant effect on Chinese antonym ordering, but show no effect on English antonym ordering. Hierarchical Superiority significantly affects Chinese antonym ordering, but has only a marginal effect on English antonym ordering. Furthermore, this study explores the motivations underlying these similarities and differences and argues that there is a clear correlation between iconicity and antonym order. The exploration reveals that their similarities in semantic constraints may be attributed to the iconicity of closeness and the iconicity of temporal sequence, while their differences may be ascribed to the iconicity of cultural values and norms. Their similarities in formal constraints stem from cognitive accessibility. These findings provide further evidence that antonym order is determined by general cognitive principles.
{"title":"Antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures","authors":"Shuqiong Wu, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00121.wu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00121.wu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study presents a contrastive analysis of antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures using a multifactorial corpus method. The analysis yields the following findings. First, antonym ordering in coordinate structures is driven largely by the same ordering constraints across the two languages. Chronology and Positivity are the most prominent semantic motivating constraints, and Morphology is the most important formal motivating constraint. Second, there are some differences in constraints on antonym ordering between English and Chinese. Age and Gender exert a significant effect on Chinese antonym ordering, but show no effect on English antonym ordering. Hierarchical Superiority significantly affects Chinese antonym ordering, but has only a marginal effect on English antonym ordering. Furthermore, this study explores the motivations underlying these similarities and differences and argues that there is a clear correlation between iconicity and antonym order. The exploration reveals that their similarities in semantic constraints may be attributed to the iconicity of closeness and the iconicity of temporal sequence, while their differences may be ascribed to the iconicity of cultural values and norms. Their similarities in formal constraints stem from cognitive accessibility. These findings provide further evidence that antonym order is determined by general cognitive principles.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes to investigate the varying implications of the war metaphor in scientific publications discussing the COVID-19 pandemic. The corpus under study is composed of articles retrieved from the international scientific journal Nature, the weekly magazine New Scientist, and the international agency World Health Organisation. With a focus on three main characteristics of the pandemic – body health, medical solutions, and global impact of the virus – the present study asks to what extent the use of the war metaphor can vary to offer different viewpoints on the pandemic. The particular view on the virus – through metaphorical use – depends on the readers each publication targets, the pressure to find solutions, the editorial requirements, and the aim of the publication. We conclude that the war metaphor may not systematically be associated with disputable interpretations (as reported in literature), it also serves an explanatory function.
{"title":"Ideological and explanatory uses of the COVID-19 as a war metaphor in science","authors":"Anaïs Augé","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00117.aug","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00117.aug","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper proposes to investigate the varying implications of the war metaphor in scientific\u0000 publications discussing the COVID-19 pandemic. The corpus under study is composed of articles retrieved from the international\u0000 scientific journal Nature, the weekly magazine New Scientist, and the international agency\u0000 World Health Organisation. With a focus on three main characteristics of the pandemic – body health, medical\u0000 solutions, and global impact of the virus – the present study asks to what extent the use of the war metaphor can vary to\u0000 offer different viewpoints on the pandemic. The particular view on the virus – through metaphorical use – depends on the readers\u0000 each publication targets, the pressure to find solutions, the editorial requirements, and the aim of the publication. We conclude\u0000 that the war metaphor may not systematically be associated with disputable interpretations (as reported in literature),\u0000 it also serves an explanatory function.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the meaning construction emerging from figurative constructions involving ear and eye in Modern Greek. The study concerns authentic language data retrieved from a corpus search. Analysis takes into consideration the embodiment hypothesis, the development of chained metonymies and the interaction of metaphor and metonymy as the motivation for the usage patterns under investigation. The constructions analyzed reveal that the sense of vision is prioritized over hearing. Furthermore, constructional parameters of meaning show how ears and eyes are perceived in MG language and culture. Eye is attributed the agent role in the constructions, while ear is the entity acted upon. Moreover, eyes are mainly perceived as reflections of different dimensions of the selfhood, while ears are perceived as containers. A broader polysemy thus emerges for the eye than for the ear.
{"title":"From usage patterns to meaning construction","authors":"Paraskevi Thomou, Marilena Koutoulaki","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00113.tho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00113.tho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study investigates the meaning construction emerging from figurative constructions involving\u0000 ear and eye in Modern Greek. The study concerns authentic language data retrieved from a\u0000 corpus search. Analysis takes into consideration the embodiment hypothesis, the development of chained metonymies and the\u0000 interaction of metaphor and metonymy as the motivation for the usage patterns under investigation. The constructions analyzed\u0000 reveal that the sense of vision is prioritized over hearing. Furthermore, constructional parameters of meaning show how\u0000 ears and eyes are perceived in MG language and culture. Eye is attributed\u0000 the agent role in the constructions, while ear is the entity acted upon. Moreover, eyes are\u0000 mainly perceived as reflections of different dimensions of the selfhood, while ears are perceived as containers.\u0000 A broader polysemy thus emerges for the eye than for the ear.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have shown that semantic framing can reveal bias and racism. The current study introduces a novel method for locating frames in texts, and employs this method to find frames for Muslims, Europeans and Australians in a range of texts by anti-Muslim and non-anti-Muslim authors. The study finds that several derogatory frames previously associated with racism are applied to Muslims in the anti-Muslim texts, supporting studies showing that anti-Muslim bias resembles other forms of racism. Moreover, different frames are preferred by more and less extreme anti-Muslim authors, with certain frames predominating in the manifestos of white supremacist gunmen. These frames may be a warning sign that frame users are potentially prone to violence.
{"title":"Anti-Muslim semantic framing by politicians, Facebook groups, and violent extremists","authors":"Karen Sullivan","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00119.sul","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00119.sul","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent studies have shown that semantic framing can reveal bias and racism. The current study introduces a novel\u0000 method for locating frames in texts, and employs this method to find frames for Muslims, Europeans and Australians in a range of\u0000 texts by anti-Muslim and non-anti-Muslim authors. The study finds that several derogatory frames previously associated with racism\u0000 are applied to Muslims in the anti-Muslim texts, supporting studies showing that anti-Muslim bias resembles other forms of racism.\u0000 Moreover, different frames are preferred by more and less extreme anti-Muslim authors, with certain frames predominating in the\u0000 manifestos of white supremacist gunmen. These frames may be a warning sign that frame users are potentially prone to violence.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48218051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Diessel (2019): The grammar network: How linguistic structure is shaped by language use","authors":"Feng Xu","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00122.xu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00122.xu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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