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Essays from the inaugural Screen Studies Association of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand conference (2016) 首届澳大利亚屏幕研究协会和新西兰奥特亚会议论文(2016)
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2018.1426398
C. Verevis, M. Ryan
The essays gathered in this issue of Studies in Australasian Cinema are selected from, and broadly representative of, the methods and topics brought together at the inaugural SSAAANZ conference. Collectively, the essays speak to a broad conception of screen studies and diverse critical concerns across film and television exhibition and reception, documentary film, pedagogy and screen culture. Constantine Verevis and Deane Williams’ article analyses the cultural history of Melbourne’s Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI). Tessa Dwyer offers a detailed examination of the acclaimed television series Top of the Lake and the role cultural specificity and the authentic voice play in the context of transnational television. Simon Sigley investigates cinematic shifts in how Western Samoa was represented in three feature-length documentary films. Produced by the National Film Unit (NFU) of New Zealand between 1947 and 1962, the films cover a period during which ‘Samoa was administered as a United Nations (UN) trust territory by the New Zealand government’. Derived from a primary survey, Toija Cinque and Jordan Vincent’s article investigates the use of smart TVs and broadband-enabled mobile media devices for the viewing of movies, television programs and documentaries among other forms of screen content, often concurrently with social media devices, to understand audience practices in an increasingly fragmented mediascape. Vejune Zemaityte, Deb Verhoeven and Bronwyn Coate draw on big data in relation to feature film screenings and box office figures to interrogate the ‘10 per cent rule’ – the often made, but untested, claim in industry discourses that the Australian market represents 10 percent of the theatrical market for Hollywood films. Focussing on both Australian and US screening data from 2013, the article compares the popularity of selected American films in both the Australian and US markets to ‘contrast the differences that emerge in terms of distribution and exhibition’. Finally, Mark Ryan examines the pedagogy of screen content in undergraduate Australian screen studies courses. Together, the essays collected here provide a sense of the vibrancy and diversity of the research from the inaugural conference of Screen Studies Association of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, and anticipate its second conference, The Uses of Cinema: Film, Television, Screen, Monash University, Melbourne, November 21–23, 2018.
本期《澳大拉西亚电影研究》的论文选自首届SSAAANZ会议上的方法和主题,并广泛代表了这些方法和主题。总的来说,这些文章阐述了屏幕研究的广泛概念,以及电影和电视展览与接待、纪录片、教育学和屏幕文化中的各种批判性关注。Constantine Verevis和Deane Williams的文章分析了墨尔本澳大利亚运动图像中心(ACMI)的文化历史。Tessa Dwyer详细介绍了广受好评的电视连续剧《湖之巅》,以及跨国电视背景下的角色文化特色和真实的配音。西蒙·西格利调查了西萨摩亚在三部长篇纪录片中的表现方式。这些电影由新西兰国家电影局(NFU)于1947年至1962年间制作,涵盖了“萨摩亚作为联合国(UN)托管领土由新西兰政府管理”的时期。Toija Cinque和Jordan Vincent的文章来源于一项初步调查,调查了智能电视和宽带移动媒体设备在观看电影、电视节目和纪录片以及其他形式的屏幕内容时的使用情况,通常与社交媒体设备同时使用,以了解在日益分散的媒体环境中观众的做法。Vejune Zemaityte、Deb Verhoeven和Bronwyn Coate利用与故事片放映和票房数据有关的大数据来质疑“10%规则”——行业话语中经常提出但未经测试的说法,即澳大利亚市场占好莱坞电影院线市场的10%。文章聚焦于2013年澳大利亚和美国的放映数据,比较了选定的美国电影在澳大利亚和美国市场的受欢迎程度,以“对比发行和放映方面出现的差异”。最后,Mark Ryan考察了澳大利亚本科生屏幕研究课程中屏幕内容的教学法。这里收集的论文共同提供了澳大利亚和新西兰电影研究协会首届会议研究的活力和多样性,并预计其第二届会议“电影的用途:电影、电视、屏幕”将于2018年11月21-23日在墨尔本莫纳什大学举行。
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引用次数: 0
Making neighbours of the natives: colonial development, political independence, and documentary depictions of Western Samoa 成为当地人的邻居:殖民发展、政治独立和西萨摩亚的纪录片
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2018.1427781
Simon Sigley
ABSTRACT This article analyses three documentary films that the National Film Unit (NFU) of New Zealand made between 1947 and 1962 when Samoa was administered as a United Nations trust territory by the New Zealand government. I argue that the films display a discursive and cinematic shift over that time: from depicting Samoa as an idyllic paradise that ‘time forgot’ to a more realistic documentary style as Samoa became the first formerly colonised sovereign Pacific state in the twentieth century. While the films only superficially engage with the people and the culture they depict, omitting much that might conflict with positive messaging, and while they largely fail to engage with traditional Samoan mores (these are etic rather than emic depictions), as Western Samoa draws nearer to political independence, the NFU’s representational strategies evolve, transforming erstwhile and mute ‘natives’ into ostensible and voluble ‘neighbours’.
摘要本文分析了1947年至1962年新西兰政府将萨摩亚作为联合国托管领土管理期间,新西兰国家电影局拍摄的三部纪录片。我认为,在那段时间里,这些电影展现了一种散漫和电影化的转变:从将萨摩亚描绘成一个“时间遗忘”的田园诗般的天堂,到萨摩亚在20世纪成为第一个前殖民的太平洋主权国家时的更现实的纪录片风格。虽然这些电影只是表面上与他们所描绘的人民和文化接触,忽略了许多可能与积极信息相冲突的内容,尽管它们在很大程度上没有与萨摩亚的传统习俗接触(这些都是客串而非客串的描述),但随着西萨摩亚越来越接近政治独立,将过去沉默的“本地人”转变为表面上健谈的“邻居”。
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引用次数: 0
Editor's introduction 编辑器的介绍
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1406038
A. Lambert
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引用次数: 0
Text and the city: the teaching and practice of scripting cities for the screen 文本与城市:为屏幕编写城市脚本的教学与实践
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1397316
Stayci Taylor
ABSTRACT Much has been written about screen cities, and within this literature it is suggested that the city itself becomes screen language with its light, colour, and architecture. But there are fewer, if any, scholarly explorations on the practice of screenwriting the city, whereby this language must first be realised in words. Moreover, traditional screenwriting models emphasise the importance of plot, but not necessarily the creation of those worlds into which viewers so readily enter. This paper draws from the author's own practice and pedagogy to discuss experiments in using the city – and the screen world more broadly – as a starting point for screen stories. It makes particular reference to the script development process of a Melbourne-set screenplay, and the development and delivery of an undergraduate media studio, one that used the location-as-inspiration approach suggested by Kathryn Millard's invitation to ‘write for place’ (2014). In presenting the attendant discoveries, this paper aims to open a conversation around writing the city and the ways in which notions of ‘world’ impact upon, or intersect with, other aspects of screenwriting practice. It is hoped that this leads to practical ways, in learning, teaching and script development environments, to approach a story's world.
关于屏幕城市的文章很多,在这些文献中,人们认为城市本身通过其光线、色彩和建筑成为了屏幕语言。但是,关于城市剧本创作实践的学术探索很少,如果有的话,这种语言必须首先用文字来实现。此外,传统的编剧模式强调情节的重要性,但并不一定要创造那些观众很容易进入的世界。本文从作者自己的实践和教学方法出发,探讨了将城市——以及更广泛的银幕世界——作为银幕故事起点的实验。它特别提到了一个墨尔本场景剧本的剧本开发过程,以及一个本科媒体工作室的开发和交付,该工作室使用了凯瑟琳·米勒德(Kathryn Millard)邀请“为地方写作”(2014)所建议的地点作为灵感的方法。在展示随之而来的发现时,本文旨在围绕城市写作以及“世界”概念对剧本写作实践的其他方面的影响或交叉的方式展开对话。希望这能在学习、教学和剧本开发环境中带来实用的方法来接近故事的世界。
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引用次数: 2
Storytelling with virtual reality in 360-degrees: a new screen grammar 360度虚拟现实叙事:一种新的屏幕语法
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1387357
K. Dooley
ABSTRACT With reference to three recently produced Australian case studies, this article explores approaches to the conceptualization and writing of short narratives for the emerging medium of cinematic 360-degree virtual reality. Storytelling for this format involves a user-focused engagement with time and place. Whereas the viewer of classical narrative media, such as film or television, is for the most part passive, the VR viewer is ‘present’ as an active agent who engages with the unfolding narrative as either witness or participant. These factors present a number of challenges and opportunities for the creator of narrative VR, when considering viewer immersion and/or interaction in the 360-degree environment. The article presents a review of literature that interrogates the specifics of writing for VR, with a specific focus on 360-degree, immersive projects. By interrogating the form of three recently produced works, the author highlights emerging approaches to narrative structure, audience acclimation and the directing of viewer attention. While some commonalities can be observed across these case studies, the article concludes that to date, there is no one approach and no fully established screen grammar associated with a 360-degree VR narrative.
摘要参考最近制作的三个澳大利亚案例研究,本文探讨了360度电影虚拟现实这一新兴媒介的短篇叙事概念化和写作方法。这种形式的故事讲述涉及以用户为中心的时间和地点参与。尽管电影或电视等经典叙事媒体的观众在很大程度上是被动的,但虚拟现实观众是作为一个积极的代理人“在场”的,他作为见证人或参与者参与正在展开的叙事。当考虑到观众在360度环境中的沉浸感和/或互动时,这些因素给叙事VR的创作者带来了许多挑战和机遇。这篇文章对询问VR写作细节的文献进行了综述,特别关注360度沉浸式项目。通过对三部近期作品的形式进行质疑,作者强调了叙事结构、观众适应和引导观众注意力的新兴方法。虽然在这些案例研究中可以观察到一些共性,但文章得出结论,到目前为止,还没有一种方法,也没有完全建立的与360度VR叙事相关的屏幕语法。
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引用次数: 75
Examining the Chinese-Australian post-production relationship through Chinese audiences’ cinema experience 通过中国观众的观影体验考察中澳后期制作关系
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1385143
K. Soh
ABSTRACT In recent years, China has become one of the largest film industries and in order to remain competitive, Chinese blockbusters are attempting to imitate Hollywood post-production qualities. As Australian post-production companies are internationally renowned for their expertise, Chinese filmmakers are seeking opportunities to collaborate with Australians. The Australian government recognises China’s enthusiasm and has begun highlighting the nation’s strength through various programmes targeted towards the Chinese film industry. Though efforts have been placed to promote Australia's post-production industry, there is currently minimal research on Chinese cinema audiences' opinions regarding this transnational collaboration. To examine the effects of transnationality in Chinese cinema, this paper analyses Chinese audiences' opinions, along with exploring how the Australian government and post-production companies are engaging with China, to understand the potential of this partnership. The paper utilises data collected from the Chinese social networking site Douban to understand audiences’ reception on the post-production elements of the Chinese film Hero (2002). Overall, the analysis demonstrates that Chinese audiences are not identifying Australia’s role, however the impact of Australian practitioners are being emphasised through complements on the film’s visual effects, showing great potential between this transnational collaboration.
近年来,中国已经成为最大的电影产业之一,为了保持竞争力,中国大片正试图模仿好莱坞的后期制作质量。由于澳大利亚的后期制作公司以其专业知识而享誉国际,中国电影人正在寻求与澳大利亚合作的机会。澳大利亚政府认识到中国的热情,并开始通过各种针对中国电影产业的项目来突出该国的实力。尽管澳大利亚一直在努力推动后期制作产业的发展,但目前关于中国电影观众对这种跨国合作的看法的研究很少。为了考察跨国对中国电影的影响,本文分析了中国观众的看法,并探讨了澳大利亚政府和后期制作公司如何与中国合作,以了解这种合作关系的潜力。本文利用中国社交网站豆瓣收集的数据来了解观众对中国电影《英雄》(2002)后期制作元素的接受程度。总体而言,分析表明,中国观众并没有认同澳大利亚的角色,但澳大利亚从业者的影响正在通过对电影视觉效果的补充而得到强调,显示出这种跨国合作的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Editing (for) Elizaveta: talking Svilova, Vertov and ‘responsive creativity’ with Karen Pearlman 编辑(为)Elizaveta:与Karen Pearlman谈论Svilova、Vertov和“反应性创造力”
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1407063
A. Lambert, K. Pearlman
In the past few years, Studies in Australasian Cinema has both witnessed and facilitated rigorous critical scholarship with respect to film production. This illuminating and invigorating aspect of contemporary screen studies necessarily foregrounds an explicitly theoretical awareness in filmmaking and specific production practices. At the same time, this nexus awakens historical figures, production roles, and stylistic developments that offer new, creative and politicised responses to the ways in which film history is documented and understood. Karen Pearlman’s short filmWoman with an Editing Bench, first exhibited in 2016, celebrates the lesser known and even less acknowledged editing style and oeuvre of Elizaveta Svilova (who edited Vertov’s iconic 1929 film Man with a Movie Camera and many others), whilst exploring her relationship with Vertov against Stalin’s censorship of cinema in the late 1920s. What follows is an interview with Pearlman, who wrote, directed and edited the film.
在过去的几年里,澳大拉西亚电影研究见证并促进了电影制作方面严谨的批判性学术研究。当代电影研究的这一启发性和令人振奋的方面,必然要求在电影制作和具体的生产实践中有明确的理论意识。与此同时,这种联系唤醒了历史人物、制作角色和风格发展,为记录和理解电影史的方式提供了新的、创造性的和政治化的回应。凯伦·珀尔曼(Karen Pearlman)的短片《坐在剪辑台上的女人》(woman with a Editing Bench)于2016年首次展出,颂扬了伊丽莎白·斯维洛娃(Elizaveta Svilova)不太为人所知、甚至不太为人所知的剪辑风格和作品(她编辑了维尔托夫1929年的标志性电影《拿着电影摄影机的男人》和许多其他作品),同时探索了她与维尔托夫在20世纪20年代末反对斯大林电影审查制度的关系。以下是对珀尔曼的采访,他是这部电影的编剧、导演和剪辑。
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引用次数: 1
The Aboriginal trauma narrative and Roeg’s Walkabout 原住民创伤叙事与Roeg的漫游
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1385136
P. Hanson
ABSTRACT Marshall’s Walkabout and Nicolas Roeg’s adaptation of that novel appeared at different points in Aboriginal trauma narrative constructions. Works often appear before a trauma narrative is complete. In this article, I employ an analysis of the imperial gaze as a way of evaluating the two works. I investigate Nicolas Roeg’s 1971 adaptation of the novel in the context of the evolving Australian Aboriginal trauma narrative and also in the context of the Aboriginal narrative being one narrative among many in the larger global civil rights narrative. The source novel is itself the product of a stage in the Aboriginal trauma narrative. As the trauma narrative evolves, it opens up new definitions of the experience represented in the novel. Roeg examines and engages these developments in his adaptation. Roeg revises the racial and domestic logic of the novel, exposing its civil rights ethics as a product of arrested development. His film is best understood if one understands that it exists as part of the building of a larger trauma narrative.
摘要马歇尔的《漫游》和尼古拉斯·罗格对该小说的改编在原住民创伤叙事结构中出现在不同的位置。作品往往出现在创伤叙事完成之前。在这篇文章中,我运用了对帝王凝视的分析来评价这两部作品。我在不断发展的澳大利亚原住民创伤叙事的背景下,也在原住民叙事是更大的全球民权叙事中众多叙事之一的背景下调查了尼古拉斯·罗格1971年对小说的改编。源小说本身就是原住民创伤叙事的一个阶段的产物。随着创伤叙事的发展,它为小说中所代表的经历开辟了新的定义。罗格在他的改编作品中审视并运用了这些发展。罗格修正了小说的种族和家庭逻辑,揭露了其民权道德是停滞发展的产物。如果人们理解他的电影是作为一个更大的创伤叙事的一部分而存在的,那么他的电影就最好被理解。
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引用次数: 1
Cinema Plus: Robert Connolly and Event Audience Screenings Cinema Plus:罗伯特·康诺利和活动观众放映
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1383523
S. Gaunson
ABSTRACT This article discusses the problems that Australian films face in the big distribution model, and ways thatproducers have rethought how their films are funded and distributed. To do this it uses the case study of Robert Connolly'sCinema Plus exhibition company. Although there is a historical precedence set for Connolly's self-distribution venture, this shiftto rethink how Australian films are being distributed and exhibited is certainly representative of a changing reassessment of theporous relationship between production and exhibition, which for some time Screen Australia demarcated in by two separatepools. What Cinema Plus represents is a recognition that conventional big distribution is not always the most effective way toreach the widest possible audience.
摘要本文讨论了澳大利亚电影在大发行模式中面临的问题,以及制片人如何重新思考电影的资金和发行方式。为了做到这一点,它使用了Robert Connoll的Cinema Plus展览公司的案例研究。尽管康诺利的自我发行事业有着历史上的优先顺序,但这种重新思考澳大利亚电影如何发行和放映的转变无疑代表了对制作和放映之间复杂关系的不断重新评估,一段时间以来,澳大利亚银幕公司将其分为两个独立的角色。Cinema Plus所代表的是一种认识,即传统的大发行并不总是吸引尽可能广泛观众的最有效方式。
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引用次数: 2
Editor's introduction 编者简介
IF 0.1 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17503175.2017.1406027
A. Lambert
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Studies in Australasian Cinema
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