Our paper focuses on the expression of causality, in particular its argumentative values in French constructions like s’il échoue, c’est qu’il n’apprend pas ses leçons. It should be noted that this type of constructions if P, Q, is observable when if P is factual, i.e. when the proposition P does not necessarily express a hypothesis as is generally the case, but an event that has happened or is going to happen. Thus, we find concessional, adversarial, additive and emphatic if P, Q systems. However, in the context of our paper, we will only devote ourselves to causative if-constructions. Our work will be structured in three parts. First, we will highlight the functioning of causality in factual if-constructions, then the enunciative postures generated by causality and finally the self-presentation of the speaker in French causative non hypothetical constructions.
我们的论文关注的是因果关系的表达，特别是它在法语结构中的论证价值，如s 'il cheoue, c 'est qu 'il n ' appred和pas ses leons。需要注意的是，如果P是事实命题，也就是说，当命题P不一定表达一个假设，而是一个已经发生或将要发生的事件时，这种类型的命题如果P, Q，是可以观察到的。因此，我们发现了P、Q系统的让步性、对抗性、加性和强性。然而，在本文的语境中，我们将只专注于使役if结构。我们的工作将分为三个部分。首先，我们将强调因果关系在事实if结构中的作用，然后是因果关系产生的发音姿势，最后是法语使役非假设结构中说话人的自我呈现。
{"title":"Argumentative Values of Causality in French Constructions Like s’il échoue, c’est qu’il n’apprend pas ses leçons","authors":"Bauvarie Mounga","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper focuses on the expression of causality, in particular its argumentative values in French constructions like s’il échoue, c’est qu’il n’apprend pas ses leçons. It should be noted that this type of constructions if P, Q, is observable when if P is factual, i.e. when the proposition P does not necessarily express a hypothesis as is generally the case, but an event that has happened or is going to happen. Thus, we find concessional, adversarial, additive and emphatic if P, Q systems. However, in the context of our paper, we will only devote ourselves to causative if-constructions. Our work will be structured in three parts. First, we will highlight the functioning of causality in factual if-constructions, then the enunciative postures generated by causality and finally the self-presentation of the speaker in French causative non hypothetical constructions.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Destais, Christine Evain, Marie-Françoise Bourvon
L’analyse de la forme c’est que dans un corpus littéraire de 22 romans écrits en français par des auteurs hispanophones, montre qu’elle exprime la causalité. La forme c’est que est employée comme connecteur dans la construction si...c’est que. Mais c’est que est aussi employé seul en tant que marqueur discursif pour indiquer une relation de cause entre ce qui a été énoncé précédemment et ce qui suit.
{"title":"C’est que et l’expression de la cause","authors":"Clara Destais, Christine Evain, Marie-Françoise Bourvon","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"L’analyse de la forme c’est que dans un corpus littéraire de 22 romans écrits en français par des auteurs hispanophones, montre qu’elle exprime la causalité. La forme c’est que est employée comme connecteur dans la construction si...c’est que. Mais c’est que est aussi employé seul en tant que marqueur discursif pour indiquer une relation de cause entre ce qui a été énoncé précédemment et ce qui suit.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83365902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper sheds new light on the distributional and functional properties of virtual reflexive constructions (VRCs) in English (e.g., This problem solves ITSELF). VRCs describe the level of ease involved in performing the action denoted by the verb. They typically involve metaphorical interpretations, are compatible with adverbs such as virtually, and obtain a primary stress on the reflexive pronoun object. Two claims are presented in this paper: first, the subject of VRCs can be regarded as a crucial contributing factor (i.e., an essential factor in a causal relation). This analysis explains the metaphorical interpretations of VRCs, their compatibility with adverbs such as virtually, and the primary emphasis placed on the reflexive pronoun object. Second, VRCs typically act as anticausativizing causative verbs with no anticausative alternants via metaphor. Namely, VRCs express metaphorical anticausative situations. Causative verbs that can alternate with intransitive anticausative verbs (e.g., break, open, melt) tend to prefer the intransitive anticausative usage when describing anticausative situations (e.g., the vase broke) because intransitive anticausatives are simpler in form and less marked than VRCs. On the other hand, causative verbs with no anticausative alternant (e.g., write, sell) are more likely to occur in VRCs when describing anticausative situations. In other words, VRCs enable these causative verbs to express metaphorical anticausative situations. This analysis is supported by a corpus-based investigation.
{"title":"The Distribution and Function of Virtual Reflexive Constructions in English","authors":"Masaki Yasuhara","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sheds new light on the distributional and functional properties of virtual reflexive constructions (VRCs) in English (e.g., This problem solves ITSELF). VRCs describe the level of ease involved in performing the action denoted by the verb. They typically involve metaphorical interpretations, are compatible with adverbs such as virtually, and obtain a primary stress on the reflexive pronoun object. Two claims are presented in this paper: first, the subject of VRCs can be regarded as a crucial contributing factor (i.e., an essential factor in a causal relation). This analysis explains the metaphorical interpretations of VRCs, their compatibility with adverbs such as virtually, and the primary emphasis placed on the reflexive pronoun object. Second, VRCs typically act as anticausativizing causative verbs with no anticausative alternants via metaphor. Namely, VRCs express metaphorical anticausative situations. Causative verbs that can alternate with intransitive anticausative verbs (e.g., break, open, melt) tend to prefer the intransitive anticausative usage when describing anticausative situations (e.g., the vase broke) because intransitive anticausatives are simpler in form and less marked than VRCs. On the other hand, causative verbs with no anticausative alternant (e.g., write, sell) are more likely to occur in VRCs when describing anticausative situations. In other words, VRCs enable these causative verbs to express metaphorical anticausative situations. This analysis is supported by a corpus-based investigation.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An argumentative text should present evidence that prove the author’s claims, which implies logical organization of the text and expression of a cause-and-effect relationship. This paper explores the way of expressing causality in argumentative writing in Croatian as a mother tongue (L1), and a foreign language (L2). The study investigates Croatian L1 and L2 speakers’ use of causative connectives in various types of syntactic structures, based on the corpus of 110 argumentative essays (Croatian L1 N=55, Croatian L2 N=55). The results show that in order to express causality, L1 and L2 speakers use the same connectives, in the same syntactic types, but not at the same frequency. Croatian L1 speakers showed strong preference for using pa as a typical causal connective for coordinated and jer for subordinate compound sentences. In comparison to Croatian L1 speakers, L2 speakers showed two tendencies: to overuse some connectives (jer, zato što), and to underuse the others (pa).
议论文应该提供证据来证明作者的观点，这意味着文本的逻辑组织和因果关系的表达。本文探讨了克罗地亚语作为母语(L1)和外语(L2)的议论文写作中因果关系的表达方式。该研究基于110篇议论文(克罗地亚语L1 N=55，克罗地亚语L2 N=55)的语料库，调查了克罗地亚语L1和L2说话者在各种句法结构中使用使役连接词的情况。结果表明，为了表达因果关系，第一语言和第二语言说话者在相同的句法类型中使用相同的连接词，但频率不同。母语为克罗地亚语的人在协调句中用pa作为典型因果连词，在从属复合句中用jer作为典型因果连词。与母语为克罗地亚语的人相比，第二语言的人表现出两种倾向:过度使用某些连接词(jer, zato što)，而其他连接词使用不足(pa)。
{"title":"Expressing Causality in Croatian L1 and L2 Argumentative Writing","authors":"Lidija Cvikić, Ivana Trtanj","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"An argumentative text should present evidence that prove the author’s claims, which implies logical organization of the text and expression of a cause-and-effect relationship. This paper explores the way of expressing causality in argumentative writing in Croatian as a mother tongue (L1), and a foreign language (L2). The study investigates Croatian L1 and L2 speakers’ use of causative connectives in various types of syntactic structures, based on the corpus of 110 argumentative essays (Croatian L1 N=55, Croatian L2 N=55). The results show that in order to express causality, L1 and L2 speakers use the same connectives, in the same syntactic types, but not at the same frequency. Croatian L1 speakers showed strong preference for using pa as a typical causal connective for coordinated and jer for subordinate compound sentences. In comparison to Croatian L1 speakers, L2 speakers showed two tendencies: to overuse some connectives (jer, zato što), and to underuse the others (pa).","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77755450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A partir de la restitution individuelle par 15 enfants de 6 et 8 ans d’une histoire qui vient de leur être lue, l’auteur montre une nette évolution entre 6 et 8 ans de la compréhension et de la production des 13 relations causales (RC) contenues dans le TS (texte source). Les 13 RC du TS sont identifiées par cinq marqueurs : lien sémantique (RC non marquée), marque morphologique (opposition présent/futur), marque syntaxique non spécifique au marquage causal (par, qui, à l’idée de …), marque lexicale (verbe devenir), marque syntaxique explicite (parce que). Les RC produites par les enfants sont systématiquement comparées aux RC du TS. Un premier résultat quantitatif montre que sur l’ensemble de toutes les RC pouvant être produites, les enfants de 6 ans en comprennent un quart tandis que les enfants de 8 ans en comprennent plus du tiers. Au niveau de l’ensemble des RC produites, les enfants de 6 ans expriment d’une façon ou d’une autre un peu plus du tiers des RC du TS et les 8 ans un peu plus de la moitié. Les 8 ans sont plus nombreux que les 6 ans à avoir modifié le sens de certaines RC. Ils expriment également la RC du TS avec un autre marqueur beaucoup plus souvent que les 6 ans. La plupart des marqueurs syntaxiques non spécifiques posent encore de nombreux problèmes de production aux 8 ans.
通过15名6至8岁的儿童对刚刚读到的故事的个人再现，作者显示了在6至8年的时间里，对TS(源文本)中包含的13种因果关系(cr)的理解和产生的明显演变。TS中的13个cr由5个标记来识别:语义联系(未标记的cr)、形态标记(现在/未来的对立)、非特定于因果标记的句法标记(par, qui, al '想法…)、词汇标记(动词成为)、显性句法标记(因为)。RC制作的儿童得到系统相比,RC / TS。第一个定量的结果表明,在整个所有RC可生产,6岁的儿童,包括四分之一,而8岁的儿童,包括超过1 / 3。就所有产生的cr而言，6岁的儿童以某种方式表达了TS cr的三分之一多一点，8岁的儿童表达了一半多一点。8岁的孩子比6岁的孩子更有可能改变一些cr的含义。他们也比6岁时更频繁地用另一个标记来表达TS的RC。大多数非特异性的句法标记在8岁时仍然存在许多生产问题。
{"title":"Évolution de la causalité chez des enfants francophones","authors":"C. Martinot","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"A partir de la restitution individuelle par 15 enfants de 6 et 8 ans d’une histoire qui vient de leur être lue, l’auteur montre une nette évolution entre 6 et 8 ans de la compréhension et de la production des 13 relations causales (RC) contenues dans le TS (texte source). Les 13 RC du TS sont identifiées par cinq marqueurs : lien sémantique (RC non marquée), marque morphologique (opposition présent/futur), marque syntaxique non spécifique au marquage causal (par, qui, à l’idée de …), marque lexicale (verbe devenir), marque syntaxique explicite (parce que). Les RC produites par les enfants sont systématiquement comparées aux RC du TS. Un premier résultat quantitatif montre que sur l’ensemble de toutes les RC pouvant être produites, les enfants de 6 ans en comprennent un quart tandis que les enfants de 8 ans en comprennent plus du tiers. Au niveau de l’ensemble des RC produites, les enfants de 6 ans expriment d’une façon ou d’une autre un peu plus du tiers des RC du TS et les 8 ans un peu plus de la moitié. Les 8 ans sont plus nombreux que les 6 ans à avoir modifié le sens de certaines RC. Ils expriment également la RC du TS avec un autre marqueur beaucoup plus souvent que les 6 ans. La plupart des marqueurs syntaxiques non spécifiques posent encore de nombreux problèmes de production aux 8 ans.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86801258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Istraživanje percepcije znanja i korisnosti hrvatskoga jezika među slovenskim studentima na području ekonomije i poslovanja provedeno je s ciljem dobivanja relevantnih informacija na temelju kojih bi se mogla donijeti odluka o uvođenju izbornog predmeta Hrvatski jezik za ekonomiju i poslovanje u slovenski sveučilišni sustav. Rezultati pokazuju da hrvatski jezik kod proučavane populacije u kontekstu 21 stranog jezika zauzima drugo mjesto prema prosječnoj razini znanja i treće mjesto prema percepciji korisnosti ovladavanja jezikom. Kod proučavane studentske populacije ujedno postoji i razmjerno velik interes za učenje hrvatskog jezika, koji je kod te mlađe slovenske populacije jasno identificiran kao zaseban jezik.
{"title":"Hrvatski kao strani jezik na području poslovanja i ekonomije u Sloveniji","authors":"Igor Ivašković","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Istraživanje percepcije znanja i korisnosti hrvatskoga jezika među slovenskim studentima na području ekonomije i poslovanja provedeno je s ciljem dobivanja relevantnih informacija na temelju kojih bi se mogla donijeti odluka o uvođenju izbornog predmeta Hrvatski jezik za ekonomiju i poslovanje u slovenski sveučilišni sustav. Rezultati pokazuju da hrvatski jezik kod proučavane populacije u kontekstu 21 stranog jezika zauzima drugo mjesto prema prosječnoj razini znanja i treće mjesto prema percepciji korisnosti ovladavanja jezikom. Kod proučavane studentske populacije ujedno postoji i razmjerno velik interes za učenje hrvatskog jezika, koji je kod te mlađe slovenske populacije jasno identificiran kao zaseban jezik.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84214770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’article interroge le rôle des constructions détachées participiales (CDpart) dans l’expression de la causalité. Dans une étude s’étant intéressée au rôle textuel des CDpart en français, il a été observé que les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence textuelle à trois niveaux d’arrimage définis par Gagnon (2008, 2015) : 1) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan référentiel puisque, en tant que proposition réduite, elles possèdent un référent sous-jacent pouvant être relié à un syntagme nominal (SN) présent dans le contexte et jouent ainsi un rôle dans la continuité thématique; 2) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan informatif puisque, en tant que prédications secondes, elles véhiculent une information nouvelle de second plan et opèrent une hiérarchisation des informations; 3) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan évènementiel puisqu’elles permettent d’établir une relation entre l’événement décrit au PP et celui décrit dans la principale. L’analyse des CDpart sur le plan évènementiel a fait ressortir que dans un grand nombre de cas, la CDpart se trouve en position frontale et que dans ces cas, la relation le plus souvent établie entre l’évènement décrit au PP et celui décrit dans la principale est une relation de cause (Combettes 2005), comme dans l’exemple suivant tiré du corpus (Laberge 2019) : Favorisant le repli sur soi, il (le téléphone cellulaire) rompt le dialogue en famille ou entre amis lors d’un repas (...). L’article présente l’analyse qui a été faite, du point de vue évènementiel, de quelques occurrences de CDpart relevées dans des textes rédigés par des étudiants universitaires de premier cycle ou dans des textes journalistiques. Les résultats de cette analyse confirment que les CDpart doivent être envisagées comme ressources linguistiques pouvant exprimer la causalité en français.
{"title":"Les constructions participiales détachées pour exprimer la causalité","authors":"O. Gagnon, Ann F. Laberge","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"L’article interroge le rôle des constructions détachées participiales (CDpart) dans l’expression de la causalité. Dans une étude s’étant intéressée au rôle textuel des CDpart en français, il a été observé que les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence textuelle à trois niveaux d’arrimage définis par Gagnon (2008, 2015) : 1) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan référentiel puisque, en tant que proposition réduite, elles possèdent un référent sous-jacent pouvant être relié à un syntagme nominal (SN) présent dans le contexte et jouent ainsi un rôle dans la continuité thématique; 2) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan informatif puisque, en tant que prédications secondes, elles véhiculent une information nouvelle de second plan et opèrent une hiérarchisation des informations; 3) les CDpart contribuent à la cohérence sur le plan évènementiel puisqu’elles permettent d’établir une relation entre l’événement décrit au PP et celui décrit dans la principale. L’analyse des CDpart sur le plan évènementiel a fait ressortir que dans un grand nombre de cas, la CDpart se trouve en position frontale et que dans ces cas, la relation le plus souvent établie entre l’évènement décrit au PP et celui décrit dans la principale est une relation de cause (Combettes 2005), comme dans l’exemple suivant tiré du corpus (Laberge 2019) : Favorisant le repli sur soi, il (le téléphone cellulaire) rompt le dialogue en famille ou entre amis lors d’un repas (...). L’article présente l’analyse qui a été faite, du point de vue évènementiel, de quelques occurrences de CDpart relevées dans des textes rédigés par des étudiants universitaires de premier cycle ou dans des textes journalistiques. Les résultats de cette analyse confirment que les CDpart doivent être envisagées comme ressources linguistiques pouvant exprimer la causalité en français.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’article vise à analyser la causalité en tant que moyen argumentatif dans les dissertations écrites par les apprenants de FLE. La dissertation est une tâche souvent utilisée pendant les cours de langue étrangère pour enseigner et vérifier la capacité des apprenants à mener à bien le discours argumentatif. Nous présumons que le locuteur qui écrit une dissertation, considérée ici comme un énoncé argumentatif, crée un acte de parole avec le but de persuader ses interlocuteurs. Pour atteindre cet objectif plus facilement, il est censé nuancer les relations causales en les modifiant soit par la citation de données objectives, scientifiques, soit au moyen d’une vision particulière d’une autorité ou du groupe auquel appartient l’interlocuteur. L’analyse des compositions permettra d’observer l’attitude des locuteurs par rapport à la tâche de production écrite dans le cadre de leur formation linguistique.
{"title":"La présence de l’énonciateur des assertions causales dans des dissertations écrites par les étudiants de FLE","authors":"Anna Kucharska","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"L’article vise à analyser la causalité en tant que moyen argumentatif dans les dissertations écrites par les apprenants de FLE. La dissertation est une tâche souvent utilisée pendant les cours de langue étrangère pour enseigner et vérifier la capacité des apprenants à mener à bien le discours argumentatif. Nous présumons que le locuteur qui écrit une dissertation, considérée ici comme un énoncé argumentatif, crée un acte de parole avec le but de persuader ses interlocuteurs. Pour atteindre cet objectif plus facilement, il est censé nuancer les relations causales en les modifiant soit par la citation de données objectives, scientifiques, soit au moyen d’une vision particulière d’une autorité ou du groupe auquel appartient l’interlocuteur. L’analyse des compositions permettra d’observer l’attitude des locuteurs par rapport à la tâche de production écrite dans le cadre de leur formation linguistique.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"376 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80577396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on object experiencer (OE) causatives in Romanian, identifying a less discussed pattern of variation. The results of a pilot study indicate that for a class of speakers such predicates are not grammatical with an indefinite object, if the latter is not differentially marked. A second class of speakers can accept unmarked objects but only if access to direct evidence of the event is available. As these restrictions set aside OE causatives from physical causatives, a non-trivial question refers to the nature of this difference. An analysis is proposed that revolves around a pragmatic distinction between OE verbs and physical causatives. More precisely, insights put forward by pragmatic investigations of OE verbs have consolidated the observation, which we follow here, that these types of predicates presuppose a perception event in which the object of the asserted event is a perceiver. We further propose that the perception presupposition can be established in the context either by differential object marking (DOM), which has an independently motivated sentience feature, or by direct evidence. Subsequently, we also show that an analysis along these lines gives better results when addressing these types of splits against more general interactions between causatives, inanimate subjects and DOM; under previous accounts, the facts under discussion are either unpredicted or not straightforward to derive.
{"title":"Some Notes on Experiencer Causatives and DOM in Romanian","authors":"Julie Goncharov, M. Irimia","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on object experiencer (OE) causatives in Romanian, identifying a less discussed pattern of variation. The results of a pilot study indicate that for a class of speakers such predicates are not grammatical with an indefinite object, if the latter is not differentially marked. A second class of speakers can accept unmarked objects but only if access to direct evidence of the event is available. As these restrictions set aside OE causatives from physical causatives, a non-trivial question refers to the nature of this difference. An analysis is proposed that revolves around a pragmatic distinction between OE verbs and physical causatives. More precisely, insights put forward by pragmatic investigations of OE verbs have consolidated the observation, which we follow here, that these types of predicates presuppose a perception event in which the object of the asserted event is a perceiver. We further propose that the perception presupposition can be established in the context either by differential object marking (DOM), which has an independently motivated sentience feature, or by direct evidence. Subsequently, we also show that an analysis along these lines gives better results when addressing these types of splits against more general interactions between causatives, inanimate subjects and DOM; under previous accounts, the facts under discussion are either unpredicted or not straightforward to derive.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79971716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main prerequisites for understanding and producing coherent oral discourse or written text is successful understanding and production of causal relations. During both production, children have at their disposal a wide range of linguistic modes to mark it, some of which are more explicit and others more implicit. In this study, retelling was used as a method to elicit narratives that served as a tool for analysing causal relations. Retelling enables exploring the linguistic reformulation of the syntactic structures of a previously stored story and the analysis of the overlap between the language content which child is exposed to (language input) and the language that child produces (language output). Two groups of children, aged 10 (N = 23) and 12 (N = 30), were exposed to the story at two time points; in the first they had to retell it orally and in the second they had to write it. The conducted analyses showed that 12-years old children produced in total more causal relations than 10-year-old in written modality only. This difference is explained by the greater writing competence of 12-year-old children in the production of more complex syntactic structures. Furthermore, both groups of children in both modalities dominantly used the same causal markers that are primarily grammatical. All these findings point to the children’s ability to reformulate causal relations regardless of the language content to which they were previously exposed.
{"title":"Causality in Children’s Oral and Written Narrative Retelling","authors":"Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Jelena Kuvač Kraljević","doi":"10.31724/rihjj.48.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.48.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main prerequisites for understanding and producing coherent oral discourse or written text is successful understanding and production of causal relations. During both production, children have at their disposal a wide range of linguistic modes to mark it, some of which are more explicit and others more implicit. In this study, retelling was used as a method to elicit narratives that served as a tool for analysing causal relations. Retelling enables exploring the linguistic reformulation of the syntactic structures of a previously stored story and the analysis of the overlap between the language content which child is exposed to (language input) and the language that child produces (language output). Two groups of children, aged 10 (N = 23) and 12 (N = 30), were exposed to the story at two time points; in the first they had to retell it orally and in the second they had to write it. The conducted analyses showed that 12-years old children produced in total more causal relations than 10-year-old in written modality only. This difference is explained by the greater writing competence of 12-year-old children in the production of more complex syntactic structures. Furthermore, both groups of children in both modalities dominantly used the same causal markers that are primarily grammatical. All these findings point to the children’s ability to reformulate causal relations regardless of the language content to which they were previously exposed.","PeriodicalId":51986,"journal":{"name":"Rasprave","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74009013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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