This research examined the tourism imagery on social media posted by influencers to provide a guideline for creating promotional content in accordance with the travel needs and motives depicted in sample photographs. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to determine categories of content based on travel motivation studies and photography and to analyze photographs collected from Thai tourism influencers. The extracted data were organized to form a guideline. The first finding suggests that there are four dimensions in the content of travel photography: Escaping, or the desire to rest in a different environment; Seeking or Exploration, or the need to seek novelty; Intrapersonal, or the need for self-improvement; and Interpersonal, or the need for kinship or social interaction. The second finding is a guideline for creating tourism promotional media, derived from the data obtained from the analysis of sample photographs. According to the data, the most essential contents are those relating to Natural Aspects and Relaxation, followed by Leisure and Learning Activities. Content that falls outside of these categories is usually specific to the narrative or qualities of the destination and should be considered Content According to Storytelling.
{"title":"Tourism Influencers’ Photos: A Guideline for Creating Promotional Media","authors":"Nattapon Nukulkam, Tatiya Theppituck","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.64","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined the tourism imagery on social media posted by influencers to provide a guideline for creating promotional content in accordance with the travel needs and motives depicted in sample photographs. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to determine categories of content based on travel motivation studies and photography and to analyze photographs collected from Thai tourism influencers. The extracted data were organized to form a guideline. The first finding suggests that there are four dimensions in the content of travel photography: Escaping, or the desire to rest in a different environment; Seeking or Exploration, or the need to seek novelty; Intrapersonal, or the need for self-improvement; and Interpersonal, or the need for kinship or social interaction. The second finding is a guideline for creating tourism promotional media, derived from the data obtained from the analysis of sample photographs. According to the data, the most essential contents are those relating to Natural Aspects and Relaxation, followed by Leisure and Learning Activities. Content that falls outside of these categories is usually specific to the narrative or qualities of the destination and should be considered Content According to Storytelling.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of Green Human Resource (GHR) practices on employees’ green voice behaviors towards green innovation in Jordanian Manufacturing Companies (JMC). A survey design was employed to collect data from 187 workers in JMC using closed-ended questions on employees’ attitudes towards GHR practices and green innovation. The study used the SmartPLS4 tool to conduct structural equation modeling and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of GHR practices on employees’ green voice behaviors towards green innovation. The study found that GHR practices and employee involvement positively influence green voice behaviors and green innovation, with green voice behaviors mediating the effect of GHR practices and employee involvement on green innovation. The study highlights the importance of GHR practices and employee involvement in promoting sustainable development and environmental performance in JMC, with practical implications for organizations, policymakers, and regulatory bodies. Overall, the study provides important insights into how organizations can promote sustainability and innovation through effective HR practices and employee involvement strategies.
{"title":"The Effects Green Human Resource on Employees’ Green Voice Behaviors Towards Green Innovation","authors":"Ahmad Aloqaily","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of Green Human Resource (GHR) practices on employees’ green voice behaviors towards green innovation in Jordanian Manufacturing Companies (JMC). A survey design was employed to collect data from 187 workers in JMC using closed-ended questions on employees’ attitudes towards GHR practices and green innovation. The study used the SmartPLS4 tool to conduct structural equation modeling and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of GHR practices on employees’ green voice behaviors towards green innovation. The study found that GHR practices and employee involvement positively influence green voice behaviors and green innovation, with green voice behaviors mediating the effect of GHR practices and employee involvement on green innovation. The study highlights the importance of GHR practices and employee involvement in promoting sustainable development and environmental performance in JMC, with practical implications for organizations, policymakers, and regulatory bodies. Overall, the study provides important insights into how organizations can promote sustainability and innovation through effective HR practices and employee involvement strategies.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores the use of effectual and causal design logic in architectural and engineering design internationalization. Specifically, it aims to understand how individual design entrepreneurs act across three international opportunity design problem spaces: (a) formation, (b) evaluation, and (c) exploitation. This qualitative multiple-case study employed phenomenographic, semi-structured interviews with 17 Swiss architectural and engineering design entrepreneurs.
The findings indicate that international opportunity formation is created via the dominant effectual design logic principle; international opportunity evaluation mainly applies causal design logic; and international opportunity exploitation primarily uses actions combining effectual and causal design logic principles. This research contributes to the architectural and engineering design internationalization literature, which focuses only on causal design logic and provides a practical integrative model for successful international architectural and engineering design services.
{"title":"The Effectual Design Method for Internationalizing Architectural and Engineering Services: Insights from Swiss Design Entrepreneurs","authors":"Prisca Valentino, Claus Schreier, Kaedsiri Jaroenwisan","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.60","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the use of effectual and causal design logic in architectural and engineering design internationalization. Specifically, it aims to understand how individual design entrepreneurs act across three international opportunity design problem spaces: (a) formation, (b) evaluation, and (c) exploitation. This qualitative multiple-case study employed phenomenographic, semi-structured interviews with 17 Swiss architectural and engineering design entrepreneurs.
 The findings indicate that international opportunity formation is created via the dominant effectual design logic principle; international opportunity evaluation mainly applies causal design logic; and international opportunity exploitation primarily uses actions combining effectual and causal design logic principles. This research contributes to the architectural and engineering design internationalization literature, which focuses only on causal design logic and provides a practical integrative model for successful international architectural and engineering design services.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employed quantitative methods to address two primary objectives: 1) to compare the quality of 5-choice and 4-choice multiple-choice tests, and 2) to evaluate the discriminant power of these formats using test response theory with kernel smoothing. Data were collected from 1,966 students at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University who took a 120-question multiple-choice exam during the second semester of 2019. Four test configurations were analyzed: the Initial Case utilized the original 5-choice format; Case 1 randomly omitted one option from the 5-choice test, excluding the correct answer; Case 2 randomly omitted one option, including the correct answer; and Case 3 adapted the options based on the test-taker’s proficiency level. The study employed Cronbach’s Alpha (denoted as raw_alpha) as a reliability metric, discovering varying levels of reliability across the four cases. The highest reliability was observed in Case 3 with a raw_alpha value of 0.87. There were no differences in the difficulty values or discriminatory power across all cases. The mean scores indicated that students generally performed better on the 4-choice tests in Cases 1-3 than on the original 5-choice format, referred to as the Initial Case. These findings have significant implications for test design, suggesting that 4-choice tests can achieve comparable reliability and discriminatory power to traditional 5-choice tests.
{"title":"5 vs 4: A Quantitative Investigation into the Quality Metrics of Different Multiple-Choice Test Formats","authors":"Sarhistthep Sukkaew, Supamas Chumkaew","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.59","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed quantitative methods to address two primary objectives: 1) to compare the quality of 5-choice and 4-choice multiple-choice tests, and 2) to evaluate the discriminant power of these formats using test response theory with kernel smoothing. Data were collected from 1,966 students at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University who took a 120-question multiple-choice exam during the second semester of 2019. Four test configurations were analyzed: the Initial Case utilized the original 5-choice format; Case 1 randomly omitted one option from the 5-choice test, excluding the correct answer; Case 2 randomly omitted one option, including the correct answer; and Case 3 adapted the options based on the test-taker’s proficiency level. The study employed Cronbach’s Alpha (denoted as raw_alpha) as a reliability metric, discovering varying levels of reliability across the four cases. The highest reliability was observed in Case 3 with a raw_alpha value of 0.87. There were no differences in the difficulty values or discriminatory power across all cases. The mean scores indicated that students generally performed better on the 4-choice tests in Cases 1-3 than on the original 5-choice format, referred to as the Initial Case. These findings have significant implications for test design, suggesting that 4-choice tests can achieve comparable reliability and discriminatory power to traditional 5-choice tests.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural Equation Models (SEMs) are commonly categorized into two main types: factor-based SEM and composite-based SEM. Each type is suitable for analyzing different forms of hypothetical constructs. Factor-based SEM is well-suited for analyzing factors, while composite-based SEM is tailored for analyzing composites. However, the majority of past research has favored composite-based SEM, particularly Partial Least Squares (PLS), for analyzing factors. Such practices can introduce biases into the analysis.
This article provides an illustrative example from the tourism and hotel management domain by analyzing hypothetical constructs in two scenarios: one where the constructs are treated as factors and another where they are treated as composites. The study includes six constructs: service quality, atmosphere, perceived value, satisfaction, revisit intentions, and word-of-mouth. In the first scenario, the research objective is theory testing, while in the second scenario, the research aims to assess the model’s predictive capabilities when applied to datasets beyond those used for the analysis.
The constructs of service quality, atmosphere, and perceived value are assumed to influence satisfaction, while satisfaction and service quality are hypothesized to impact revisit intentions. Perceived value, satisfaction, and revisit intentions are further assumed to trigger word-of-mouth.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Factor-Based and Composite-Based Structural Equation Models: Factors Affecting Word-Of-Mouth of Tourists in Khung Bangkrachao","authors":"Vatanyoo Rasmidatta","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.58","url":null,"abstract":"Structural Equation Models (SEMs) are commonly categorized into two main types: factor-based SEM and composite-based SEM. Each type is suitable for analyzing different forms of hypothetical constructs. Factor-based SEM is well-suited for analyzing factors, while composite-based SEM is tailored for analyzing composites. However, the majority of past research has favored composite-based SEM, particularly Partial Least Squares (PLS), for analyzing factors. Such practices can introduce biases into the analysis.
 This article provides an illustrative example from the tourism and hotel management domain by analyzing hypothetical constructs in two scenarios: one where the constructs are treated as factors and another where they are treated as composites. The study includes six constructs: service quality, atmosphere, perceived value, satisfaction, revisit intentions, and word-of-mouth. In the first scenario, the research objective is theory testing, while in the second scenario, the research aims to assess the model’s predictive capabilities when applied to datasets beyond those used for the analysis.
 The constructs of service quality, atmosphere, and perceived value are assumed to influence satisfaction, while satisfaction and service quality are hypothesized to impact revisit intentions. Perceived value, satisfaction, and revisit intentions are further assumed to trigger word-of-mouth.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural words invariably capture the attention of scholars from diverse fields due to their intrinsic connection with societal values, customs, traditions, and beliefs. Nevertheless, in-depth investigations into cultural words remain relatively scarce in Thai. This research centers on examining two fundamental Thai verbs, kràap (กราบ) and wâaj (ไหว้), linked initially with acts of paying respect. Employing data analysis firmly rooted in corpora of naturally occurring language, the results uncover the expansive nature of these verbs, encompassing a wide array of pragmatic functions, including expressing gratitude, praise, apologies, and requests. In particular, they possess the autonomy to function as speech acts in isolation. Given the central role that the gestures of kràap and wâaj occupy within the communication framework, metonymy emerges as a critical factor underpinning the development of these pragmatic functions. This research illuminates novel pathways for the creation of culture-specific intensifiers. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between language and culture, this study enhances our understanding of the cultural nuances inherent in these linguistic concepts, thereby deepening our appreciation of how culture permeates language.
{"title":"The Intersection of Language and Culture: A Pragmatic Analysis of Thai Verbs for ‘To Pay Respect’ and Their Sociocultural Implications","authors":"Jinawat Kaenmuang","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.57","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural words invariably capture the attention of scholars from diverse fields due to their intrinsic connection with societal values, customs, traditions, and beliefs. Nevertheless, in-depth investigations into cultural words remain relatively scarce in Thai. This research centers on examining two fundamental Thai verbs, kràap (กราบ) and wâaj (ไหว้), linked initially with acts of paying respect. Employing data analysis firmly rooted in corpora of naturally occurring language, the results uncover the expansive nature of these verbs, encompassing a wide array of pragmatic functions, including expressing gratitude, praise, apologies, and requests. In particular, they possess the autonomy to function as speech acts in isolation. Given the central role that the gestures of kràap and wâaj occupy within the communication framework, metonymy emerges as a critical factor underpinning the development of these pragmatic functions. This research illuminates novel pathways for the creation of culture-specific intensifiers. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between language and culture, this study enhances our understanding of the cultural nuances inherent in these linguistic concepts, thereby deepening our appreciation of how culture permeates language.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"158 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is currently a lack of up-to-date knowledge on the fundamental variables as elemental factors that influence perceived cruise-port quality. This research aims to examine the confirmatory components of those factors in reflective and formative terms in order to develop a set of perceived port quality (PPQ) variables. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology, collecting data via a questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of 305 respondents, while the collected data were analyzed using GSCA Pro software version 1.1.6. The research findings reaffirm the elemental factors of perceived port quality (PPQ), constructed from the following five significant categories as first-order constructs, namely cruise terminal facilities, port service encounter performance, port location, ground port transportation, and physical port environment quality. These were assessed through the 36 observed variables in this study, which included significant reflective and formative constructs. Executives, cruise tourism managers, and ports, will be able to use the results of the study as guidelines for designing policies and strategies to develop cruise tourism in the port area. Meanwhile, academics may employ these sets of variables to examine in combination with other factors in future research.
目前缺乏关于基本变量作为影响感知邮轮港口质量的基本因素的最新知识。本研究旨在以反思和形成的术语来检验这些因素的验证性成分，以开发一套感知港口质量(PPQ)变量。本研究采用定量研究方法，通过问卷调查收集数据。研究样本包括305名受访者，收集的数据使用GSCA Pro 1.1.6版软件进行分析。研究结果重申了感知港口质量(PPQ)的基本因素，该要素由以下五个重要类别构建为一阶结构，即邮轮码头设施、港口服务遭遇绩效、港口位置、港口地面运输和港口物理环境质量。这些是通过本研究中观察到的36个变量来评估的，其中包括重要的反思和形成性结构。行政人员、邮轮旅游经理和港口将能够使用研究结果作为设计政策和战略的指导方针，以发展港口地区的邮轮旅游。同时，在未来的研究中，学者可能会使用这些变量集来结合其他因素进行检查。
{"title":"A Confirmation of Elemental Factor Toward Perceived Port Quality","authors":"Tanapon Rungroueng, Paithoon Monpanthong","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.56","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently a lack of up-to-date knowledge on the fundamental variables as elemental factors that influence perceived cruise-port quality. This research aims to examine the confirmatory components of those factors in reflective and formative terms in order to develop a set of perceived port quality (PPQ) variables. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology, collecting data via a questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of 305 respondents, while the collected data were analyzed using GSCA Pro software version 1.1.6. The research findings reaffirm the elemental factors of perceived port quality (PPQ), constructed from the following five significant categories as first-order constructs, namely cruise terminal facilities, port service encounter performance, port location, ground port transportation, and physical port environment quality. These were assessed through the 36 observed variables in this study, which included significant reflective and formative constructs. Executives, cruise tourism managers, and ports, will be able to use the results of the study as guidelines for designing policies and strategies to develop cruise tourism in the port area. Meanwhile, academics may employ these sets of variables to examine in combination with other factors in future research.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, chatbots have become crucial, particularly for assisting students with real-time registration information. This research focused on 1) synthesizing registry works related to information provided for students, 2) designing chatbots and conversation structures in the form of interactive conversations between students and robots for answering questions and providing information tailored to their needs, and 3) examining and evaluating the use of chatbots in providing information services to students, while analyzing the accuracy and suitability of the developed chatbot. This study, based on research and development, utilized a sample consisting of 16 staff directly involved in the provision of registration information to students and 255 undergraduate students from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, with respondents being selected through a simple random sampling technique. The synthesis of the research results revealed the following findings: 1) A qualitative study revealed that the registration information related to students, called STOU Journey, consisted of 10 issues, and was required for the whole learning period. 2) The result of the design and development of the chatbot revealed that the developer chatbot could be used on both the website and the LINE application. It was also found that the chatbot could answer most questions correctly and completely. The chatbot responded quickly and was easy to use. The chatbot used language that was easy to understand and natural, while 3) satisfactory evaluation results from 255 undergraduate students showed that overall, students who had used the completed version of the chatbot were satisfied with the use of the chatbot at a high level (Mean = 4.19, SD = 0.98) while they also felt that the chatbot was easy to use (Mean = 4.33, SD = 0.95) and the using the chatbot felt like a natural conversation (Mean = 4.22, SD = 0.99).
{"title":"The Development of Chatbot Provided Registration Information Services for Students in Distance Learning","authors":"Supamas Chumkaew","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.55","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, chatbots have become crucial, particularly for assisting students with real-time registration information. This research focused on 1) synthesizing registry works related to information provided for students, 2) designing chatbots and conversation structures in the form of interactive conversations between students and robots for answering questions and providing information tailored to their needs, and 3) examining and evaluating the use of chatbots in providing information services to students, while analyzing the accuracy and suitability of the developed chatbot. This study, based on research and development, utilized a sample consisting of 16 staff directly involved in the provision of registration information to students and 255 undergraduate students from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, with respondents being selected through a simple random sampling technique. The synthesis of the research results revealed the following findings: 1) A qualitative study revealed that the registration information related to students, called STOU Journey, consisted of 10 issues, and was required for the whole learning period. 2) The result of the design and development of the chatbot revealed that the developer chatbot could be used on both the website and the LINE application. It was also found that the chatbot could answer most questions correctly and completely. The chatbot responded quickly and was easy to use. The chatbot used language that was easy to understand and natural, while 3) satisfactory evaluation results from 255 undergraduate students showed that overall, students who had used the completed version of the chatbot were satisfied with the use of the chatbot at a high level (Mean = 4.19, SD = 0.98) while they also felt that the chatbot was easy to use (Mean = 4.33, SD = 0.95) and the using the chatbot felt like a natural conversation (Mean = 4.22, SD = 0.99).","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a statistical technique that is used to model the relationships among hypothetical constructs investigated by researchers. SEM can be broadly classified into two main approaches: factor-based (or covariance-based) SEM and component-based (or variance-based) SEM. Factor-based SEM is particularly well-suited for analyzing constructs that resemble factors, while component-based SEM is designed for composites or components. Historically, in the field of tourism research, there has been a tendency to treat factor models as a statistical proxy for all types of hypothetical constructs. However, when the hypothetical construct is incorrectly modeled as a factor instead of a composite, which is its appropriate representation, it can result in bias in parameter estimates. The information presented in this study highlights that this practice has persisted even in top-tier tourism journals, including articles published in the ABAC journal. Contemporary practices that align with the current research landscape in tourism are synthesized. These practices acknowledge that hypothetical constructs can either be factors or components. To illustrate this, a hypothetical example related to cannabis tourism is used, modelling it using mixed constructs based on IGSCA-SEM. Researchers are consequently encouraged to employ SEM, particularly when aiming to publish in the ABAC journal, to enhance their methodological rigor by adopting the recommended practices outlined.
{"title":"Beyond Factors: IGSCA-SEM’s Application in The Context of Cannabis Tourism","authors":"Chichaya Leruksa, Pongphan Sathatip, Supawat Meeprom","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.54","url":null,"abstract":"Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a statistical technique that is used to model the relationships among hypothetical constructs investigated by researchers. SEM can be broadly classified into two main approaches: factor-based (or covariance-based) SEM and component-based (or variance-based) SEM. Factor-based SEM is particularly well-suited for analyzing constructs that resemble factors, while component-based SEM is designed for composites or components. Historically, in the field of tourism research, there has been a tendency to treat factor models as a statistical proxy for all types of hypothetical constructs. However, when the hypothetical construct is incorrectly modeled as a factor instead of a composite, which is its appropriate representation, it can result in bias in parameter estimates. The information presented in this study highlights that this practice has persisted even in top-tier tourism journals, including articles published in the ABAC journal. Contemporary practices that align with the current research landscape in tourism are synthesized. These practices acknowledge that hypothetical constructs can either be factors or components. To illustrate this, a hypothetical example related to cannabis tourism is used, modelling it using mixed constructs based on IGSCA-SEM. Researchers are consequently encouraged to employ SEM, particularly when aiming to publish in the ABAC journal, to enhance their methodological rigor by adopting the recommended practices outlined.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firman Fauzi, Hermanto Siregar, Baba Barus, Galuh Syahbana Indraprahasta
SME development requires digital transformation in order to create inclusive growth. In light of the scarcity of studies on digital transformation in the context of SME development, this study evaluates available research on the subject using four levels of analysis. The primary goal of this research was to learn about the various determinants of digital transformation. A four-level unit analysis was carried out. A systematic literature study was used to analyze in depth the extant body of literature on various levels of topics linked to unit analysis. Scopus Preview literature sources from 2018 to 2022 were examined using typological agenda unit context, unit analysis, and digital transformation research techniques. The findings of the current study underline the scarcity of comprehensive research studies on digital transformation, particularly those with mixed-method research methodologies, from emerging and developing countries. It is concluded that more studies on SME digital transformation must be conducted across all analytical units. It is therefore proposed studies be conducted in the context of four levels of intervention—individual, organization, ecosystem, and sociocultural—to support DT.
{"title":"Digital Transformation for SMEs Development Based at Four Levels of Analysis – A Literature Review","authors":"Firman Fauzi, Hermanto Siregar, Baba Barus, Galuh Syahbana Indraprahasta","doi":"10.59865/abacj.2023.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2023.52","url":null,"abstract":"SME development requires digital transformation in order to create inclusive growth. In light of the scarcity of studies on digital transformation in the context of SME development, this study evaluates available research on the subject using four levels of analysis. The primary goal of this research was to learn about the various determinants of digital transformation. A four-level unit analysis was carried out. A systematic literature study was used to analyze in depth the extant body of literature on various levels of topics linked to unit analysis. Scopus Preview literature sources from 2018 to 2022 were examined using typological agenda unit context, unit analysis, and digital transformation research techniques. The findings of the current study underline the scarcity of comprehensive research studies on digital transformation, particularly those with mixed-method research methodologies, from emerging and developing countries. It is concluded that more studies on SME digital transformation must be conducted across all analytical units. It is therefore proposed studies be conducted in the context of four levels of intervention—individual, organization, ecosystem, and sociocultural—to support DT.","PeriodicalId":52152,"journal":{"name":"ABAC Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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