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Neurobiological Evidence for the Benefit of Interactive Parent–Child Storytelling: Supporting Early Reading Exposure Policies 亲子互动讲故事的神经生物学证据:支持早期阅读的政策
IF 3.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231217461
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus, Liana S. Magaliff, Bradley L. Schlaggar
The American Association of Pediatrics recommends reading to young children from birth as a method of exposing children to language and literacy as early as possible. This article describes the known neurobiological support for this recommendation—also addressing the differential effects of parental versus stranger reading as well as other factors, that is, pathological conditions, that may influence the contributions of the recommended early reading interactions. Finally, the possible effects of screen exposure on parent–child interaction around the book will be discussed to inform new possible policies.
美国儿科学会(American Association of Pediatrics)建议从幼儿出生开始就为其进行阅读,以此让幼儿尽早接触语言和识字。本文将介绍这一建议的已知神经生物学支持--同时探讨父母阅读与陌生人阅读的不同效果,以及可能影响建议的早期阅读互动的其他因素,即病理条件。最后,还将讨论屏幕接触对亲子围绕图书互动可能产生的影响,以便为新的可能政策提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact 自然健康:旨在最大限度地提高与自然接触对人类行为健康的益处的政策实践
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197578
Sara LoTemplio, Amy S. McDonnell, Nalini Nadkarni, Sarah Walker, Carlos Andres Gallegos-Riofrío, Emily E. Scott, Joanna E. Bettmann, David Rojas-Rueda, Jamie Dahl, Linda Powers Tomasso, Joshua J. Lawler, Deana Davalos, David L. Strayer
Research suggests that spending time in nature is associated with numerous human behavioral health benefits, including improved executive functioning abilities, enhanced recovery from stressful situations, better mental health, and better educational outcomes. Greener neighborhoods also tend to have positive population-level health outcomes. Although promising, much of this research has focused primarily on selective populations and fails to account for cultural differences in how “nature” is conceptualized. Therefore, challenges may arise as policymakers aim to implement nature-based policies in their communities, given the immense cultural diversity of the United States alone. Given this ever-present challenge in behavioral sciences, policy recommendations aim both to maximize benefits of nature contact and to employ a flexible equity lens that allow for differences according to community need.
研究表明,花时间在大自然中对人类的行为健康有许多好处,包括提高执行功能能力,增强从压力环境中恢复的能力,更好的心理健康和更好的教育成果。更环保的社区也往往对人口健康产生积极影响。虽然很有希望,但很多研究主要集中在选择性人群上,未能解释如何概念化“自然”的文化差异。因此,考虑到美国巨大的文化多样性,政策制定者在其社区实施基于自然的政策时可能会遇到挑战。鉴于这一行为科学中始终存在的挑战,政策建议的目标是最大化自然接触的好处,并采用灵活的公平视角,允许根据社区需求存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptual Learning: Policy Insights From Basic Research to Real-World Applications 感知学习:从基础研究到现实世界应用的政策洞察
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231195268
Aaron R. Seitz, Allison Sekuler, Barbara Dosher, Beverly A. Wright, Chang-Bing Huang, C. Shawn Green, Christopher C. Pack, Dov Sagi, Dennis Levi, Duje Tadin, Elizabeth Quinlan, Fang Jiang, Gabriel J. Diaz, Geoffrey Ghose, Jozsef Fiser, Karen Banai, Kristina Visscher, Krystel Huxlin, Ladan Shams, Lorella Battelli, Marisa Carrasco, Michael Herzog, Michael Webster, Miguel Eckstein, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Nitzan Censor, Peter De Weerd, Rufin Vogels, Shaul Hochstein, Takeo Watanabe, Yuka Sasaki, Uri Polat, Zhong-Lin Lu, Zoe Kourtzi
Perceptual learning is the process by which experience alters how incoming sensory information is processed by the brain to give rise to behavior—it is critical for how humans educate children, train experts, treat diseases, and promote health and well-being throughout the lifespan. Knowledge of perceptual learning requires basic and applied research in humans and nonhuman animal models, which informs strategic targets for advancing applications. Commercial products to induce perceptual learning are proliferating rapidly with limited regulation (e.g., for rehabilitation), while at the same time basic science is increasingly restricted by changing regulations (such as new granting-agency definitions of clinical trials). Realizing the full potential of perceptual learning requires balancing basic and translational science to advance new knowledge, while serving and protecting consumers. Reforms can promote open, accessible, and representative research, and the translation of this research to applications across different sectors of society.
感知学习是一个过程,通过经验改变大脑如何处理传入的感觉信息,从而产生行为——它对人类如何教育儿童、培训专家、治疗疾病、促进健康和幸福至关重要。感知学习的知识需要在人类和非人类动物模型中进行基础和应用研究,这为推进应用提供了战略目标。诱导感知学习的商业产品在监管有限的情况下迅速增加(例如,用于康复),而与此同时,基础科学越来越受到监管变化的限制(例如,新的临床试验授权机构定义)。实现感知学习的全部潜力需要平衡基础科学和转化科学,以推进新知识,同时服务和保护消费者。改革可以促进开放、可获取和具有代表性的研究,并将这些研究转化为社会不同部门的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Removing Barriers in the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Care of Individuals With Cerebral Visual Impairments 消除脑视觉障碍患者评估、诊断和护理中的障碍
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231195213
Amanda Lueck, Karen Harpster, Elizabeth Hartmann, Helen St Clair Tracy, Monika Jones, Richard Legge, Barry Kran, John Ravenscroft, Corinna M. Bauer
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric visual impairment worldwide. Despite the ramifications on multiple developmental domains and quality of life factors, substantial barriers remain for evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and education of this growing population of children and adults. At the root is a lack of consensus on the definition and diagnostic criteria of CVI and a narrow ocular/acuity-based classification of visual impairment. This article covers four main issues that need to be urgently addressed to make strides toward removing current barriers. These challenges highlight the need for policy change at multiple levels to help ensure that individuals with CVI will have access to appropriate (re)habilitation and education services regardless of their acuity or visual function. Suggested solutions include the implementation of a globally accepted definition of CVI and increased multidisciplinary training programs. These will support international efforts to develop and implement quantitative interdisciplinary assessment methods, identify meaningful and effective intervention approaches, and monitor long-term outcomes for those with CVI. Additionally, sensitive and specific markers can be identified for differentiating CVI from other related developmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Ultimately, these proposed changes will lead toward improved quality of life for individuals with CVI and their caregivers.
脑性视力障碍(CVI)是全球儿童视力障碍的主要原因。尽管对多个发育领域和生活质量因素产生影响,但对这一不断增长的儿童和成人人口的评估、诊断、治疗和教育仍存在实质性障碍。其根本原因是对CVI的定义和诊断标准缺乏共识,以及对视力障碍的狭隘的眼/视敏度分类。本文涵盖了迫切需要解决的四个主要问题,以便在消除当前障碍方面取得进展。这些挑战突出了在多个层面上改变政策的必要性,以帮助确保患有CVI的个人能够获得适当的(再)康复和教育服务,而不管他们的敏锐度或视觉功能如何。建议的解决方案包括实施全球公认的CVI定义和增加多学科培训计划。这些项目将支持国际社会制定和实施定量的跨学科评估方法,确定有意义和有效的干预方法,并监测CVI患者的长期结果。此外,可以确定敏感和特异性的标记物来区分CVI与其他相关的发育疾病,如自闭症谱系障碍和发育协调障碍。最终,这些建议的改变将改善CVI患者及其护理人员的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability as an Actionable, Noninvasive Biomarker for Self-Regulation: Assessment, Intervention, and Evaluation 利用迷走神经介导的心率变异性作为一种可操作的、无创的自我调节生物标志物:评估、干预和评估
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196789
Sylvain Laborde, Stefan Ackermann, Uirassu Borges, Martina D'Agostini, Manon Giraudier, Maša Iskra, Emma Mosley, Cristina Ottaviani, Caterina Salvotti, Maximilian Schmaußer, Christoph Szeska, Ilse Van Diest, Carlos Ventura-Bort, Laura Voigt, Julia Wendt, Mathias Weymar
This contribution highlights the significance of using vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a general indicator of adaptation, as an actionable biomarker to assess and enhance self-regulation abilities in individuals and organizations. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art on vmHRV and introduces various techniques to enhance vmHRV, including slow-paced breathing, the diving reflex, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The recommendations for policymaking are based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the implementation of these techniques in diverse settings, such as clinical, organizational, and educational contexts. The discussion emphasizes the efficacy, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of vmHRV assessments and offers practical tools for individuals and organizations through a three-part framework—assessment, intervention, and evaluation—ultimately fostering self-regulation abilities at both individual and societal levels.
这一贡献强调了使用迷走神经介导的心率变异性(vmHRV)作为一种可操作的生物标志物来评估和增强个人和组织的自我调节能力的重要性,vmHRV是适应的一般指标。本文综述了vmHRV的研究进展,并介绍了提高vmHRV的各种技术,包括慢节奏呼吸、潜水反射、经皮迷走神经刺激(tVNS)、经颅磁刺激(TMS)和经颅直流刺激(tDCS)。政策制定的建议是基于最近对这些技术在不同环境(如临床、组织和教育环境)实施情况的系统综述和荟萃分析。讨论强调vmHRV评估的有效性、可及性和成本效益,并通过三部分框架(评估、干预和评估)为个人和组织提供实用工具,最终培养个人和社会层面的自我调节能力。
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引用次数: 1
Anti-Racism Efforts in Healthcare: A Selective Review From a Social Cognitive Perspective 医疗保健中的反种族主义努力:从社会认知角度的选择性回顾
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231193963
Elizabeth Brondolo, Amandeep Kaur, Rebecca Seavey, Melissa Flores
Health effects of structural racism occur on cultural and institutional levels and potentiate racism on an interpersonal level. Consequently, efforts to mitigate the health effects of racism may require intervention on all levels. The effectiveness of these approaches may depend partly on the degree to which they address the underlying patterns of social cognition, shaping social norms and influencing thoughts, feelings, and expectations about oneself, one's relationships with others, and interactions with the healthcare system. This paper aims to evaluate the current approaches to addressing structural racism (via racism and health statements and training programs in diversity, equity, and inclusion or cultural competence). These interventions work to shift social cognition, and consequently, shape social behavior in the healthcare context. Our goal is to identify ways to maximize the potential of these approaches to address social cognition to guide efforts to achieve a more inclusive and equitable healthcare system.
结构性种族主义对健康的影响发生在文化和制度层面,并在人际层面上加剧种族主义。因此,减轻种族主义对健康影响的努力可能需要在所有各级进行干预。这些方法的有效性可能部分取决于它们解决社会认知的潜在模式的程度,塑造社会规范,影响对自己,与他人的关系以及与医疗保健系统的互动的想法,感觉和期望。本文旨在评估目前解决结构性种族主义的方法(通过种族主义和健康声明以及多样性、公平、包容或文化能力方面的培训计划)。这些干预措施的工作,以改变社会认知,因此,塑造社会行为在医疗保健的背景下。我们的目标是确定方法,以最大限度地发挥这些方法的潜力,以解决社会认知,指导努力实现一个更加包容和公平的医疗保健系统。
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引用次数: 0
Using XR (Extended Reality) for Behavioral, Clinical, and Learning Sciences Requires Updates in Infrastructure and Funding. 将XR(扩展现实)用于行为、临床和学习科学需要更新基础设施和资金。
IF 3.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196305
Dejan Draschkow, Nicola C Anderson, Erwan David, Nathan Gauge, Alan Kingstone, Levi Kumle, Xavier Laurent, Anna C Nobre, Sally Shiels, Melissa L-H Võ

Extended reality (XR, including augmented and virtual reality) creates a powerful intersection between information technology and cognitive, clinical, and education sciences. XR technology has long captured the public imagination, and its development is the focus of major technology companies. This article demonstrates the potential of XR to (1) deliver behavioral insights, (2) transform clinical treatments, and (3) improve learning and education. However, without appropriate policy, funding, and infrastructural investment, many research institutions will struggle to keep pace with the advances and opportunities of XR. To realize the full potential of XR for basic and translational research, funding should incentivize (1) appropriate training, (2) open software solutions, and (3) collaborations between complementary academic and industry partners. Bolstering the XR research infrastructure with the right investments and incentives is vital for delivering on the potential for transformative discoveries, innovations, and applications.

扩展现实(XR,包括增强现实和虚拟现实)在信息技术与认知科学、临床科学和教育科学之间创造了一个强大的交叉点。XR技术长期以来吸引了公众的想象力,其发展是各大科技公司关注的焦点。本文展示了XR在(1)提供行为见解、(2)改变临床治疗以及(3)改善学习和教育方面的潜力。然而,如果没有适当的政策、资金和基础设施投资,许多研究机构将难以跟上XR的发展和机遇。为了充分发挥XR在基础研究和转化研究中的潜力,资金应激励(1)适当的培训,(2)开放软件解决方案,以及(3)互补的学术和行业合作伙伴之间的合作。通过正确的投资和激励措施来支持XR研究基础设施,对于发挥变革性发现、创新和应用的潜力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Recommended Changes to Standard of Care for Monitoring of Cortically Blind Fields 对皮质盲区监测护理标准的建议修改
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196563
Hanna E. Willis, Matthew R. Cavanaugh
Global incidence of stroke has risen 70% in the last 30 years, affecting approximately 25% of adults throughout the course of their lives. Up to 60% of stroke survivors will suffer visual impairments, which significantly reduce quality of life and independence. Despite the high prevalence, patients are hugely underserved by the medical and research communities. Clinical care is variable throughout the United States and United Kingdom, with only 57% of patients receiving visual field assessments and 61% stating their need for support has not been fully met. Additionally, unlike stroke survivors with motor or language deficits, those with vision loss are rarely offered visual rehabilitation. This is despite recent research into the efficacy of visual training and the propensity for the visual deficit to worsen in the absence of an intervention. This article reviews common gaps in patient care and proposes policy changes to increase awareness of the condition, foster clinical and scientific advances in treatment, and enhance patient outcomes.
在过去30年中,全球中风发病率上升了70%,影响了大约25%的成年人的一生。高达60%的中风幸存者将遭受视力障碍,这大大降低了生活质量和独立性。尽管发病率很高,但医疗和研究界对患者的服务严重不足。在美国和英国,临床护理各不相同,只有57%的患者接受了视野评估,61%的患者表示他们对支持的需求没有得到充分满足。此外,与有运动或语言缺陷的中风幸存者不同,视力丧失的人很少接受视力康复治疗。尽管最近有研究表明,视觉训练的效果以及在缺乏干预的情况下,视觉缺陷会恶化。本文回顾了患者护理中的常见差距,并提出了政策变化,以提高对病情的认识,促进临床和科学治疗的进步,并提高患者的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Conducting Electroencephalography With Black Individuals: Barriers, Recommendations, and Impact on Generalizability 对黑人进行脑电图:障碍、建议和对普遍性的影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197739
Lisa Brown, David Rollock, Dan Foti
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a critical tool for neuroscience research on brain functioning, as well as clinical applications in neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Anti-Black racism is a substantial societal problem that affects the validity of EEG assessments, thereby undermining efforts in research and in medical practice. There are several barriers present in the process of recording EEG with Black individuals. This includes the physical qualities of Black hair; as well as the cultural and historical significance of Black hair, the features of Black hairstyles, and the discomfort that many Black individuals feel if their hair is touched. The potential impact of these barriers on the application of EEG is considerable, including concerns of individual discomfort, lack of generalizability, and misdiagnosis. Recommendations are proposed here to combat these barriers, including individual researchers who utilize EEG methods, funding agencies that support EEG research, and journal editors who publish EEG findings.
脑电图(EEG)是神经科学研究脑功能的重要工具,也是神经和精神疾病临床应用的重要工具。反黑人种族主义是一个重大的社会问题,影响脑电图评估的有效性,从而破坏了研究和医疗实践的努力。在对黑人个体进行脑电图记录的过程中,存在一些障碍。这包括黑头发的物理特性;以及黑人头发的文化和历史意义,黑人发型的特点,以及许多黑人在头发被触摸时感到的不舒服。这些障碍对脑电图应用的潜在影响是相当大的,包括对个体不适、缺乏通用性和误诊的担忧。为了克服这些障碍,本文提出了一些建议,包括使用脑电图方法的个人研究人员、支持脑电图研究的资助机构和发表脑电图研究结果的期刊编辑。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Gene–Environment Interplay Over Time in Diverse Populations to Inform Public Health Initiatives 不同人群中基因-环境相互作用的长期研究为公共卫生倡议提供信息
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231194459
Kit K. Elam
Differences in individual genetic predisposition are associated with adaptive and maladaptive behavior. Also, the interplay between genetic predisposition and one's social and contextual environments can work together to influence behavior. This gene–environment interplay can change across development and vary across different racial and ethnic populations. Genetically informed developmental research in diverse populations can enhance understanding of the etiology, risk, and prevention of public health issues. Advancing and translating this research can help identify social and contextual risk factors, as well as protective mechanisms, during specific developmental periods and across diverse populations. This approach can inform public health strategies in promoting health behaviors.
个体遗传易感性的差异与适应和不适应行为有关。此外,遗传易感性与一个人的社会和环境之间的相互作用可以共同影响行为。这种基因与环境的相互作用可以在发展过程中发生变化,并在不同的种族和民族人群中有所不同。在不同人群中进行遗传信息发育研究可以加强对公共卫生问题的病因、风险和预防的理解。推进和翻译这项研究可以帮助确定特定发育时期和不同人群的社会和环境风险因素以及保护机制。这种方法可以为促进健康行为的公共卫生战略提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences
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