Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000300
D. Koulougliotis, D. Nikolopoulos, N. Gorgolis, Lefteris Karidas, Ermioni Petraki, P. Yannakopoulos
The electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by mobile phone devices (n=52) has been monitored as a function of the operation mode and the distance from the device. Measurements (electric field, V/m) were administered in the metropolitan area of Athens, Greece and involved a total of 52 mobile phone devices operating in the 1.5 GHZ-2.1 GHz frequency range. Five distinct operation modes of the device (“long term inactivity”, “ringing/call effort”, “usage”, “right after the end of the call”, “short term inactivity”) and a total of two distances from the device (0 m and 1 m) were employed. Depending on the intensity of the individual peaks observed in the experimental spectra at 0 m, the mobile devices were shown to cluster into three subgroups as follows: Subgroup 1 (n1=24, peak intensities>1 V/m), Subgroup 2 (n2=9, peak intensities in the range of 0.1 V/m - 1 V/m), Subgroup 3 (n3=19, peak intensities<0.1 V/m). Statistical analysis via repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) provided evidence for a statistically significant effect of the operation mode on the emitted EMR by the mobile device. The effect was more prominent at the shortest distance (0 m) and for the devices of one specific subgroup (Subgroup 1). The transition between operation modes which shows the largest effect (increase) in the emitted EMR is the one from “long term inactivity” to “Ringing/Call effort” irrespective of device subgroup. Examination of the effect of the distance on the emitted EMR resulted to the following findings: At the longer distance employed (1 m), the devices belonging to Subgroups 2 and 3 continue to exhibit mean EMR intensity similar to the one at 0 m under all operation modes. On the other hand, upon distance increase, the emitted EMR intensity of the devices belonging to Subgroup 1 displays a statistically significant decrease in all operation modes except the one of ‘long term inactivity”.
{"title":"Effect of the Operation Mode and Distance on the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phone Devices in Greece: A Pilot Study","authors":"D. Koulougliotis, D. Nikolopoulos, N. Gorgolis, Lefteris Karidas, Ermioni Petraki, P. Yannakopoulos","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by mobile phone devices (n=52) has been monitored as a function of the operation mode and the distance from the device. Measurements (electric field, V/m) were administered in the metropolitan area of Athens, Greece and involved a total of 52 mobile phone devices operating in the 1.5 GHZ-2.1 GHz frequency range. Five distinct operation modes of the device (“long term inactivity”, “ringing/call effort”, “usage”, “right after the end of the call”, “short term inactivity”) and a total of two distances from the device (0 m and 1 m) were employed. Depending on the intensity of the individual peaks observed in the experimental spectra at 0 m, the mobile devices were shown to cluster into three subgroups as follows: Subgroup 1 (n1=24, peak intensities>1 V/m), Subgroup 2 (n2=9, peak intensities in the range of 0.1 V/m - 1 V/m), Subgroup 3 (n3=19, peak intensities<0.1 V/m). Statistical analysis via repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) provided evidence for a statistically significant effect of the operation mode on the emitted EMR by the mobile device. The effect was more prominent at the shortest distance (0 m) and for the devices of one specific subgroup (Subgroup 1). The transition between operation modes which shows the largest effect (increase) in the emitted EMR is the one from “long term inactivity” to “Ringing/Call effort” irrespective of device subgroup. Examination of the effect of the distance on the emitted EMR resulted to the following findings: At the longer distance employed (1 m), the devices belonging to Subgroups 2 and 3 continue to exhibit mean EMR intensity similar to the one at 0 m under all operation modes. On the other hand, upon distance increase, the emitted EMR intensity of the devices belonging to Subgroup 1 displays a statistically significant decrease in all operation modes except the one of ‘long term inactivity”.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89449242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000299
Ayesha Nayab, Muhammad Faisal
Existing method of forecasting inflows at Tarbela have some limitations, also system needs an adequate operating policy model to deal with highly volatile inflow of summer months of June, July, August and September. In this paper, historical data of inflows from 1986 to 2014 have been used to forecast upcoming inflows at dam. Bayesian predictive distribution is used to predict future inflows. These forecasted inflows were further incorporated into operating policy model to determine the optimal release during the prescribed months. Weather volatility is a major factor causing unstable inflows. High temperature during summer period cause high inflows at dam. Considering weather volatility, this policy model is proposed for the flood season (15th June to 30th September), in which inflows and outflows are higher than rest of the year. This model maximizes the expected profit from hydro power production, minimizes the expected loss from flood damage and updates the proper estimate of current stage of reservoir storage.
{"title":"Water Management in Tarbela Dam By using Bayesian Stochastic Dynamic Programming in Extreme Inflow Season","authors":"Ayesha Nayab, Muhammad Faisal","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Existing method of forecasting inflows at Tarbela have some limitations, also system needs an adequate operating policy model to deal with highly volatile inflow of summer months of June, July, August and September. In this paper, historical data of inflows from 1986 to 2014 have been used to forecast upcoming inflows at dam. Bayesian predictive distribution is used to predict future inflows. These forecasted inflows were further incorporated into operating policy model to determine the optimal release during the prescribed months. Weather volatility is a major factor causing unstable inflows. High temperature during summer period cause high inflows at dam. Considering weather volatility, this policy model is proposed for the flood season (15th June to 30th September), in which inflows and outflows are higher than rest of the year. This model maximizes the expected profit from hydro power production, minimizes the expected loss from flood damage and updates the proper estimate of current stage of reservoir storage.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86764565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000326
D. Deme
Traffic accident increased intermittently in alarming rate and it was a serious problem throughout the globe particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This research concerns on investigate the level of awareness on traffic control devices to minimize traffic accident on pedestrians in Gondar town. To address the objective the study uses twelve (12) questionnaires that distributed for 150 respondents in the town. The study uses simple random sampling mechanism to allocate questionnaires for defined sample size. Basically, the study uses data collected through self administrating questionnaires from randomly selected pedestrians of the town to reveal the final findings. Essentially, descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. Based on analysis the study revealed that traffic accident on pedestrians was happen due to lack ofawareness about traffic control device, no enough traffic control devices in the town, merely existing traffic control device was not functional, the pedestrians were not loyal to the rule and regulation and etc. were fundamental factors in the town. As a result, traffic accident on pedestrian mostly related to the above findings. In order to overcome the problem the study recommend that government and other stakeholder must create awareness on traffic control devices usage to the population of the town particularly pedestrians. Not only this, drivers must giving priority for pedestrians by avoiding parking and stopping on improper place like side walk, zebra crossingsand etc. In addition to this the government must add the number of traffic control devices and maintenance existing traffic control devices properly to minimize road traffic accidents on pedestrians in the town.
{"title":"Investigating Level of Awareness on Traffic Control Devices to Minimize Traffic Accident on Pedestrians in Gondar Town","authors":"D. Deme","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic accident increased intermittently in alarming rate and it was a serious problem throughout the globe particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This research concerns on investigate the level of awareness on traffic control devices to minimize traffic accident on pedestrians in Gondar town. To address the objective the study uses twelve (12) questionnaires that distributed for 150 respondents in the town. The study uses simple random sampling mechanism to allocate questionnaires for defined sample size. Basically, the study uses data collected through self administrating questionnaires from randomly selected pedestrians of the town to reveal the final findings. Essentially, descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. Based on analysis the study revealed that traffic accident on pedestrians was happen due to lack ofawareness about traffic control device, no enough traffic control devices in the town, merely existing traffic control device was not functional, the pedestrians were not loyal to the rule and regulation and etc. were fundamental factors in the town. As a result, traffic accident on pedestrian mostly related to the above findings. In order to overcome the problem the study recommend that government and other stakeholder must create awareness on traffic control devices usage to the population of the town particularly pedestrians. Not only this, drivers must giving priority for pedestrians by avoiding parking and stopping on improper place like side walk, zebra crossingsand etc. In addition to this the government must add the number of traffic control devices and maintenance existing traffic control devices properly to minimize road traffic accidents on pedestrians in the town.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77720982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000306
Z. Etman, Shreef Abulmagd
There can be many causes of deterioration in concrete structures. Concrete repaired is a specialist activity requiring fully trained and competent consultants and companies at all stages of the process. Often simple “patch and paint” strategies have been employed as short term cosmetic repairs which have failed to address the root cause of the problem and have, as a result, often failed to meet structure owners expectations. Nanotechnology provides insight into the use of nanomaterials in the following areas: Protection against ingress– moisture control– concrete restoratio – structural strengthening– physical resistance to chemicals– preserving or restoring passivity- increasing resistivity– cathodic control– cathodic protection control of anodic areas. This paper is state of the art for using nanotechnology in repair and protection of concrete structures. It is hoped that this paper will help researchers to be aware of the most recent progress in this important field.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in Repair and Protection of Structures State-of-the-Art","authors":"Z. Etman, Shreef Abulmagd","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"There can be many causes of deterioration in concrete structures. Concrete repaired is a specialist activity requiring fully trained and competent consultants and companies at all stages of the process. Often simple “patch and paint” strategies have been employed as short term cosmetic repairs which have failed to address the root cause of the problem and have, as a result, often failed to meet structure owners expectations. Nanotechnology provides insight into the use of nanomaterials in the following areas: Protection against ingress– moisture control– concrete restoratio – structural strengthening– physical resistance to chemicals– preserving or restoring passivity- increasing resistivity– cathodic control– cathodic protection control of anodic areas. This paper is state of the art for using nanotechnology in repair and protection of concrete structures. It is hoped that this paper will help researchers to be aware of the most recent progress in this important field.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84044309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000317
D. T. Nguyen, Y. Kajita
Rapid urbanization has led to a boom in travel demand. With high population density and urban structure, big cities in Vietnam, especially Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are facing major challenges in urban transport such as traffic jams, accidents, environmental pollution, etc. One of the important factors that can help to solve these problems is to attract people to travel by public transport, firstly by bus and then moving forwards to fast-paced public transport such as a Bus Rapid Transit, Metro. Through analyzing the surveys about bus systems in Hanoi, this study presents some assessments and suggestions, contributing to the development of the public transport system in Hanoi.
{"title":"Traffic Congestion and Impact on the Environment in Vietnam: Development of Public Transport System - Experience from Actual Operation of Bus in Hanoi","authors":"D. T. Nguyen, Y. Kajita","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization has led to a boom in travel demand. With high population density and urban structure, big cities in Vietnam, especially Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are facing major challenges in urban transport such as traffic jams, accidents, environmental pollution, etc. One of the important factors that can help to solve these problems is to attract people to travel by public transport, firstly by bus and then moving forwards to fast-paced public transport such as a Bus Rapid Transit, Metro. Through analyzing the surveys about bus systems in Hanoi, this study presents some assessments and suggestions, contributing to the development of the public transport system in Hanoi.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88983731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000304
R. Rajamanickam, S. Nagan
Air Pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which certain substances are present in such concentrations that they can produce undesirable effects on man and his environment. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a reporting system and an important tool of risk communication. It informs the public about the level of ambient air quality, and the potential health risk it would impose. AQI converts complex air quality data of various pollutants into a single number (index value), nomenclature and colour. AQI is represented as numeric value varies from 0 to 500. If score is 0, it is the best air quality and if score is 500, it is the worst air quality. There are six AQI categories, namely Good, Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. Each of these categories is decided based on ambient concentration values of air pollutants and their likely health impacts. In Tamil Nadu, under National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme, Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) is being monitored by Central Pollution Control Board in association with Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board in 28 locations covering cities, major towns and major industrial areas viz. Chennai, Salem, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Cuddalore, Mettur, and Thoothukudi. The AAQ data from January 2015 to December 2015 for the above cities and towns is collected and AQI is calculated for four months covering four seasons (i.e.,) January (winter), May (summer), July (monsoon), November (post monsoon). Almost all the stations’ AQI fall under good and satisfactory category except Trichy where the majority of the days the AQI fall under moderate category. From the AQI of all the stations, it is observed that responsible pollutant is PM10. The other parameter (i.e.,) SO2 and NO2 fall under good category for all stations for all days. The higher value of PM10 is mainly due to vehicular pollution.
{"title":"Assessment of Air Quality Index for Cities and Major Towns in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Rajamanickam, S. Nagan","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"Air Pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which certain substances are present in such concentrations that they can produce undesirable effects on man and his environment. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a reporting system and an important tool of risk communication. It informs the public about the level of ambient air quality, and the potential health risk it would impose. AQI converts complex air quality data of various pollutants into a single number (index value), nomenclature and colour. AQI is represented as numeric value varies from 0 to 500. If score is 0, it is the best air quality and if score is 500, it is the worst air quality. There are six AQI categories, namely Good, Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. Each of these categories is decided based on ambient concentration values of air pollutants and their likely health impacts. In Tamil Nadu, under National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme, Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) is being monitored by Central Pollution Control Board in association with Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board in 28 locations covering cities, major towns and major industrial areas viz. Chennai, Salem, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Cuddalore, Mettur, and Thoothukudi. The AAQ data from January 2015 to December 2015 for the above cities and towns is collected and AQI is calculated for four months covering four seasons (i.e.,) January (winter), May (summer), July (monsoon), November (post monsoon). Almost all the stations’ AQI fall under good and satisfactory category except Trichy where the majority of the days the AQI fall under moderate category. From the AQI of all the stations, it is observed that responsible pollutant is PM10. The other parameter (i.e.,) SO2 and NO2 fall under good category for all stations for all days. The higher value of PM10 is mainly due to vehicular pollution.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81021361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000310
Yousr Koubaa, M. Jamei, H. Guiras
This paper deals with the study of the physical and hydro-mechanical characteristics of a porous limestone rock. It concerns a historic rock located at "El-Haouaria artificial caves" on the seacoast in the Northeast of Tunisia. The rock, object of study in this work, has undergone serious alterations, thus compromising the safety of the monuments. This paper focuses on the mechanical behavior of a sedimentary rock with a variable porosity; covering a wide range varying from 25% to 55%. This study is interested in identifying the mineralogical composition and the microscopic structure of the main rocks constituting the historic monument. Several tests were carried out and they showed that the rock’s mineralogical composition was calcite and quartz. The grain dimensions constituting the rock are variable. Its porosity is inter-granular and connected. This porosity changes over time due to weather conditions. Unconfined compressive tests and tensile tests were carried out on several samples with various porosities and in some cases in various saturation states. The performed tests showed the effect of both porosity and water content (suction) on strength characteristics. However, despite the rock’s dependency on the water content, the role of porosity remains more emphasized. Then, porosity seems to be the main factor affecting resistance properties due to the increase of the porosity and due to its variation as a source of humidity. A ‘’Li and Aubertin’s Model’’ was applied to predict the compression and tensile strength dependency on porosity. It highlighted a strong concordance between experimental and analytical model results. All strength characteristics evolutions with porosity and suction make up essential results obtained in this study. This will provide us with the required input data for modeling in order to predict cave structure degradation and eventually to monitor crack propagation.
{"title":"Hydro-mechanical Properties of Highly porous Limestone Rock used for Historic Monuments in North-East Tunisia","authors":"Yousr Koubaa, M. Jamei, H. Guiras","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of the physical and hydro-mechanical characteristics of a porous limestone rock. It concerns a historic rock located at \"El-Haouaria artificial caves\" on the seacoast in the Northeast of Tunisia. The rock, object of study in this work, has undergone serious alterations, thus compromising the safety of the monuments. This paper focuses on the mechanical behavior of a sedimentary rock with a variable porosity; covering a wide range varying from 25% to 55%. This study is interested in identifying the mineralogical composition and the microscopic structure of the main rocks constituting the historic monument. Several tests were carried out and they showed that the rock’s mineralogical composition was calcite and quartz. The grain dimensions constituting the rock are variable. Its porosity is inter-granular and connected. This porosity changes over time due to weather conditions. Unconfined compressive tests and tensile tests were carried out on several samples with various porosities and in some cases in various saturation states. The performed tests showed the effect of both porosity and water content (suction) on strength characteristics. However, despite the rock’s dependency on the water content, the role of porosity remains more emphasized. Then, porosity seems to be the main factor affecting resistance properties due to the increase of the porosity and due to its variation as a source of humidity. A ‘’Li and Aubertin’s Model’’ was applied to predict the compression and tensile strength dependency on porosity. It highlighted a strong concordance between experimental and analytical model results. All strength characteristics evolutions with porosity and suction make up essential results obtained in this study. This will provide us with the required input data for modeling in order to predict cave structure degradation and eventually to monitor crack propagation.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86799250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784x.1000321
M. Alfach
Post-seismic observations of recent devastating earthquakes have shown that the nonlinear behavior of the soil plays an essential and definitive role in development the damage to the system of soil-pilesstructure during the earthquake. Similarly, slips or collapse the soil-piles interface may cause harmful ruptures. Consequently, an analysis of these problems is necessary to take into account the non-linearity of the soil and the possibility of a slip or collapse at the interface of soil-pile under intensive seismic loading. This study aims to investigate these interaction aspects for soil-piles-structure under real earthquake record using a global approach with a three-dimensional finite difference code – FLAC 3D (Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions). The results confirm that the non-linearity of soil and soil-pile interface has a great influence on the response of piles and structure. They show that the consideration of the plasticity of the soil leads to attenuation of efforts, especially for soft loose soils. The simulation carried out in this study illustrate that the use of weak soil-pile interface leads to an increase of bending moment accompanied by a reduction of shear and normal forces in the piles. While, for a medium or high resistance interface, the efforts induced in the piles approaching of those induced in the case of perfect contact.
近年来破坏性地震的震后观测表明，土体的非线性特性在地震过程中对桩土结构体系的破坏起着至关重要的决定性作用。同样，土桩界面的滑移或坍塌也可能造成有害的破坏。因此，在对这些问题进行分析时，必须考虑到土体的非线性以及在强烈地震荷载作用下土桩界面发生滑移或倒塌的可能性。本文采用三维有限差分程序FLAC 3D (Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions)对实际地震记录下的土-桩-结构相互作用进行了研究。结果表明，土-桩界面的非线性对桩和结构的响应有很大的影响。结果表明，考虑土的塑性会导致努力的衰减，特别是对软松散土。本研究的模拟结果表明，软弱土-桩界面的使用使桩身弯矩增大，同时使桩身剪力和法向力减小。而对于中阻力或高阻力界面，桩身所受的作用力接近于完全接触时所受的作用力。
{"title":"Influence of Nonlinearity of Soil-Pile Interface on the Seismic Interaction of Nonlinear Soil-Piles-Bridge System","authors":"M. Alfach","doi":"10.4172/2165-784x.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784x.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Post-seismic observations of recent devastating earthquakes have shown that the nonlinear behavior of the soil plays an essential and definitive role in development the damage to the system of soil-pilesstructure during the earthquake. Similarly, slips or collapse the soil-piles interface may cause harmful ruptures. Consequently, an analysis of these problems is necessary to take into account the non-linearity of the soil and the possibility of a slip or collapse at the interface of soil-pile under intensive seismic loading. This study aims to investigate these interaction aspects for soil-piles-structure under real earthquake record using a global approach with a three-dimensional finite difference code – FLAC 3D (Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions). The results confirm that the non-linearity of soil and soil-pile interface has a great influence on the response of piles and structure. They show that the consideration of the plasticity of the soil leads to attenuation of efforts, especially for soft loose soils. The simulation carried out in this study illustrate that the use of weak soil-pile interface leads to an increase of bending moment accompanied by a reduction of shear and normal forces in the piles. While, for a medium or high resistance interface, the efforts induced in the piles approaching of those induced in the case of perfect contact.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77790411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000315
H. Ahmeti, Vehbi Duraku
Facing the problem of the expropriation of the Shipitull village and the non-advancement of mining activity in the direction of the frontal work for the removal of the clay overburden for the use of coal, geo-mechanical drilling was performed to determine the most accurate physical-mechanical parameters to calculate the height of the partial and generals slopes with the safety factor Fs> 1.2, to create optimum conditions for the use of the detected coal reserves of 15 million tons of coal with the general 18° degree angle with safety factors Fs ≥ 1.27 according to the geotechnical standards. As the basis for calculating the slopes were taken physical-mechanical drilling parameters that were realized in 2015-2017, the tests were performed in the geotechnical laboratory at the INKOS Institute which is licensed to ISO 9001/2015 according to geotechnical standards. Based on the obtained results, statistical processing was performed for the classified parameters (physical) and the mechanical parameters obtained with the triangle test, the direct test and the tensile test. By comparing the physicochemical parameters based on the drilling of 2015 and 2017, there is change of values of angle I0 and cohesion C in the lithological layers due to the presence of moisture. The calculations were carried out with Slide v6 and Geo5 Fine software. Two methods were used during calculation: Circular and Polynomial methods for partial angle of height (h)=30 m and angle (α)=48° with the safety factor Fs<1 and for a general angle of height (h)=55 m with angle (α)=13° with current useable reserves of 6.8 million tons of coal having Safety factor Fs ≥ 1.27.
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