Pub Date : 2018-04-04DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000305
Weiwei Lin
In Japan, nearly a half or even more of the existing bridges with a span exceeding 15 meters were predicted to be over 50 years old in next 10 years. Appropriate repair, strengthening, or replacement work should be performed on aged steel bridge structures to ensure their performance in service condition. A novel strengthening method using rubber-latex mortar, glass fiber reinforced polymer plates, lightweight rapid hardening concrete, and reinforcement bars is proposed for strengthening short-span steel railway bridge superstructures and for improving the seismic performance of aged column structures. To confirm the effectiveness of the strengthening method, loading tests were performed on test specimens for short-span steel railway bridges, longitudinal-lateral beam connections as well as steel columns. Numerical models were also built to simulate the structural behavior of both original and strengthened steel structures. According to the obtained results, the present renovation method can significantly enhance both rigidity and load carrying capacity of short-span steel bridge superstructure, connections, and column structures, resulting in the extension of the residual fatigue service life of bridge tarp structures and improvement of seismic performance of column structures.
{"title":"Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Aged Steel Railway Bridges in Japan","authors":"Weiwei Lin","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, nearly a half or even more of the existing bridges with a span exceeding 15 meters were predicted to be over 50 years old in next 10 years. Appropriate repair, strengthening, or replacement work should be performed on aged steel bridge structures to ensure their performance in service condition. A novel strengthening method using rubber-latex mortar, glass fiber reinforced polymer plates, lightweight rapid hardening concrete, and reinforcement bars is proposed for strengthening short-span steel railway bridge superstructures and for improving the seismic performance of aged column structures. To confirm the effectiveness of the strengthening method, loading tests were performed on test specimens for short-span steel railway bridges, longitudinal-lateral beam connections as well as steel columns. Numerical models were also built to simulate the structural behavior of both original and strengthened steel structures. According to the obtained results, the present renovation method can significantly enhance both rigidity and load carrying capacity of short-span steel bridge superstructure, connections, and column structures, resulting in the extension of the residual fatigue service life of bridge tarp structures and improvement of seismic performance of column structures.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79442507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000302
Juan Li, Qing Li, F. Qiao, Lei Yu
Simulations and field tests have shown that the connected vehicle technologies would not only enhance the mobility and safety of traffic operation, but also possibly reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. So far, there is no consistent evaluation procedure on the perfomances of these in vehicle messages to drivers in work zone area. The objective of this research is to test, compare and develop a warning system to prevent occurring of work zone crashes and reduce vehicle emission. The main purpose of this study is to test and evaluate the different set of warning messages in the advance warning area of a work zone and develop an evaluation system for the warning system from the perspective of speed, acceleration rate, brake positions, lane changing positions, emission and work load. The work load of the three types of warning system is evaluated based on the NASA-TASK Load Index. The application of the mixed audio and image messages was able to reduce the overall vehicle emissions (CO2, CO, HC, and NOx). With the help of the both audio and image messages, drivers tend to recognize the road situation earlier than in the conventional situation and this will have a positively influence on driving safety. Especially, the mixed messages scenario outweights the other two scenarios in speed, acceleration rate, braking positions, emission, and work load.
{"title":"Assessment of In-Vehicle Messages in the Advance Warning Area of a Work Zone","authors":"Juan Li, Qing Li, F. Qiao, Lei Yu","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Simulations and field tests have shown that the connected vehicle technologies would not only enhance the mobility and safety of traffic operation, but also possibly reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. So far, there is no consistent evaluation procedure on the perfomances of these in vehicle messages to drivers in work zone area. The objective of this research is to test, compare and develop a warning system to prevent occurring of work zone crashes and reduce vehicle emission. The main purpose of this study is to test and evaluate the different set of warning messages in the advance warning area of a work zone and develop an evaluation system for the warning system from the perspective of speed, acceleration rate, brake positions, lane changing positions, emission and work load. The work load of the three types of warning system is evaluated based on the NASA-TASK Load Index. The application of the mixed audio and image messages was able to reduce the overall vehicle emissions (CO2, CO, HC, and NOx). With the help of the both audio and image messages, drivers tend to recognize the road situation earlier than in the conventional situation and this will have a positively influence on driving safety. Especially, the mixed messages scenario outweights the other two scenarios in speed, acceleration rate, braking positions, emission, and work load.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88862374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000301
Emara Ma, F. Eid, A. Nasser, Safaan Ma
The effect and optimization of using self-compacting rubberized concrete was investigated by using Taguchi method. Design of experiment was performed via orthogonal array to accommodate four factors with four levels. These factors were the percentage of fine rubber, coarse rubber, fly ash and viscocrete in the concrete mix. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to study the performance characteristics of self-compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). Rubberized concrete can be improved using the concrete proportioned as self-compacting concrete. The results indicate that there was a reduction in the strength with increasing rubber content but there was an increase in impact resistance. However, the replacement of 10% of coarse aggregate with coarse rubber gave more strength than that of zero rubber mix by 124% at 90 days. Replacement of 20% of both fine and coarse aggregates with fine and coarse rubber respectively, increased impact resistance by 453% compared to the corresponding SCRC control mix.
{"title":"Prediction of Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete Mechanical and Fresh Properties using Taguchi Method","authors":"Emara Ma, F. Eid, A. Nasser, Safaan Ma","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"The effect and optimization of using self-compacting rubberized concrete was investigated by using Taguchi method. Design of experiment was performed via orthogonal array to accommodate four factors with four levels. These factors were the percentage of fine rubber, coarse rubber, fly ash and viscocrete in the concrete mix. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to study the performance characteristics of self-compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). Rubberized concrete can be improved using the concrete proportioned as self-compacting concrete. The results indicate that there was a reduction in the strength with increasing rubber content but there was an increase in impact resistance. However, the replacement of 10% of coarse aggregate with coarse rubber gave more strength than that of zero rubber mix by 124% at 90 days. Replacement of 20% of both fine and coarse aggregates with fine and coarse rubber respectively, increased impact resistance by 453% compared to the corresponding SCRC control mix.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73459668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.1999/1307-6892/10008556
A. Nawarathna, N. Fernando, Zaid Alwan
Global carbon reduction is not merely a responsibility of environmentally advanced developed countries, but also a responsibility of developing countries regardless of their less impact on global carbon emissions. In recognition of that, Sri Lanka as a developing country has initiated promoting green building construction as one reduction strategy. However, notwithstanding the increasing attention on Embodied Carbon (EC) reduction in the global building sector, they still mostly focus on Operational Carbon (OC) reduction (through improving operational energy). An adequate attention has not yet been given on EC estimation and reduction. Therefore, this study aims to identify the reasons for the slow uptake of EC estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. To achieve this aim, 16 numbers of global barriers to estimate EC were identified through existing literature. They were then subjected to a pilot survey to identify the significant reasons for the slow uptake of EC estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. A questionnaire with a three-point Likert scale was used to this end. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 11 of 16 challenges/ barriers are highly relevant as reasons for the slow uptake in estimating EC in buildings in Sri Lanka while the other five challenges/ barriers remain as moderately relevant reasons. Further, the findings revealed that there are no low relevant reasons.Eventually, the paper concluded that all the known reasons are significant to the Sri Lankan building sector and it is necessary to address them in order to upturn the attention on EC reduction. Keywords — Embodied carbon emissions, embodied carbon estimation, global carbon reduction, Sri Lankan building sector
{"title":"Reasons for the Slow Uptake of Embodied Carbon Estimation in the Sri Lankan Building Sector","authors":"A. Nawarathna, N. Fernando, Zaid Alwan","doi":"10.1999/1307-6892/10008556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1999/1307-6892/10008556","url":null,"abstract":"Global carbon reduction is not merely a responsibility \u0000of environmentally advanced developed countries, but also a \u0000responsibility of developing countries regardless of their less impact on global carbon emissions. In recognition of that, Sri Lanka as a developing country has initiated promoting green building construction as one reduction strategy. However, notwithstanding the increasing attention on Embodied Carbon (EC) reduction in the global building sector, they still mostly focus on Operational Carbon (OC) reduction (through improving operational energy). An adequate attention has not yet been given on EC estimation and reduction. \u0000Therefore, this study aims to identify the reasons for the slow uptake \u0000of EC estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. To achieve this \u0000aim, 16 numbers of global barriers to estimate EC were identified \u0000through existing literature. They were then subjected to a pilot survey to identify the significant reasons for the slow uptake of EC \u0000estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. A questionnaire with a three-point Likert scale was used to this end. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 11 of 16 challenges/ barriers are highly relevant as reasons for the slow uptake in estimating EC in buildings in Sri Lanka while the other five challenges/ barriers remain as moderately relevant reasons. Further, the findings revealed that there are no low relevant reasons.Eventually, the paper concluded that all the known reasons are significant to the Sri Lankan building sector and it is necessary to address them in order to upturn the attention on EC reduction. \u0000Keywords — Embodied carbon emissions, embodied carbon \u0000estimation, global carbon reduction, Sri Lankan building sector","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79245205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000298
Khaled M. Fawzy
Several R.C. (reinforced concrete) beams research have been surveyed in the shear area using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and ended in collapse in the shear due to the separation of the FRP. The NSM method utilizing fiber fortified polymer (FRP) bars is currently an entrenched method for the reinforced concrete strengthening structures. The main proposal of this search is to look into experimentally for strengthening shear behavior with RC NSM carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and exhibit the numerical outcomes for strengthened beams in shear with various FRP types; carbon fiber bar (CFRP), aramid fiber bar (AFRP), and glass fiber bar (GFRP) in shear. Three-dimensional beam models using finite element method are formed with software ANSYS-2013 to study the behavior of FRP in strengthening. Finally, a simply proposed equation is produced to estimate the shear strengthening capacity. The proposed equation affirms the exactness and viability of the experimental numerical result.
{"title":"Responsibility of NSM FRP Bars in Shear Fortifying of Strengthened R.C. Beams","authors":"Khaled M. Fawzy","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Several R.C. (reinforced concrete) beams research have been surveyed in the shear area using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and ended in collapse in the shear due to the separation of the FRP. The NSM method utilizing fiber fortified polymer (FRP) bars is currently an entrenched method for the reinforced concrete strengthening structures. The main proposal of this search is to look into experimentally for strengthening shear behavior with RC NSM carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and exhibit the numerical outcomes for strengthened beams in shear with various FRP types; carbon fiber bar (CFRP), aramid fiber bar (AFRP), and glass fiber bar (GFRP) in shear. Three-dimensional beam models using finite element method are formed with software ANSYS-2013 to study the behavior of FRP in strengthening. Finally, a simply proposed equation is produced to estimate the shear strengthening capacity. The proposed equation affirms the exactness and viability of the experimental numerical result.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784x.1000320
M. Atiq, A. S. Shakir, H. N. Hashmi
Unplanned urban spawn in developing countries have resulted in spring of settlements within floodplain of the rivers. Lahore City of Pakistan depicts such an example. In past 100 years, two exceptionally high floods in Ravi River created havoc in the Lahore City, resulting in huge loss of properties and lives. To assess current flood hazards, the researchers analyzed present hydraulic capacity of Ravi River along Lahore City using HEC-RAS software. Digital Elevation Model of 1 m × 1 m, river cross-sectional survey at an interval of 300 m and geometry of structures were used for modeling and analysis of river in HEC-RAS. To safely pass a flood corresponding to 100 years return period, the researchers designed a channel, from Ravi Siphon to Korotana Reserve Forest. Channelization has been proposed in six reaches. Every reach has a unique geometry, based on constraints, presence of bridge, existing settlements or presence of any historic monument. Manning’s equation was used for the design of each reach and analysis was performed on HEC-RAS to verify the hydraulic capacity of the designed channel. Results indicate that the potential consequences of a large flood are disastrous, but the proposed channel can safely pass a flood of 100 years return period, with minimum disturbance to existing infrastructure. The technique used in the research is globally applicable to other sites facing similar problem.
在发展中国家，无计划的城市繁殖导致了在河流泛滥平原内的春季定居点。巴基斯坦拉合尔市就是这样一个例子。在过去的100年里，拉维河两次异常高的洪水给拉合尔市造成了巨大的破坏，造成了巨大的财产和生命损失。为了评估当前的洪水危害，研究人员使用HEC-RAS软件分析了拉合尔市拉维河目前的水力容量。利用1 m × 1 m的数字高程模型、300 m区间的河流断面测量和结构几何对HEC-RAS中的河流进行建模和分析。为了安全地通过相当于100年回归期的洪水，研究人员设计了一条从拉维虹吸到Korotana保护区森林的通道。渠道化在六个方面被提出。每一段都有独特的几何形状，这是基于限制条件、桥梁的存在、现有定居点或任何历史纪念碑的存在。采用Manning方程对各河段进行设计，并在HEC-RAS上进行分析，验证设计河道的水力容量。结果表明，大洪水的潜在后果是灾难性的，但建议的通道可以安全通过100年一遇的洪水，对现有基础设施的干扰最小。研究中使用的技术在全球范围内适用于其他面临类似问题的站点。
{"title":"Safe Passage of Riverine Flood from Highly Urbanized City: A Case Study of Lahore City in Pakistan","authors":"M. Atiq, A. S. Shakir, H. N. Hashmi","doi":"10.4172/2165-784x.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784x.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Unplanned urban spawn in developing countries have resulted in spring of settlements within floodplain of the rivers. Lahore City of Pakistan depicts such an example. In past 100 years, two exceptionally high floods in Ravi River created havoc in the Lahore City, resulting in huge loss of properties and lives. To assess current flood hazards, the researchers analyzed present hydraulic capacity of Ravi River along Lahore City using HEC-RAS software. Digital Elevation Model of 1 m × 1 m, river cross-sectional survey at an interval of 300 m and geometry of structures were used for modeling and analysis of river in HEC-RAS. To safely pass a flood corresponding to 100 years return period, the researchers designed a channel, from Ravi Siphon to Korotana Reserve Forest. Channelization has been proposed in six reaches. Every reach has a unique geometry, based on constraints, presence of bridge, existing settlements or presence of any historic monument. Manning’s equation was used for the design of each reach and analysis was performed on HEC-RAS to verify the hydraulic capacity of the designed channel. Results indicate that the potential consequences of a large flood are disastrous, but the proposed channel can safely pass a flood of 100 years return period, with minimum disturbance to existing infrastructure. The technique used in the research is globally applicable to other sites facing similar problem.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85485298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000323
A. El-Naqa, Mohammad Jaber
Flood is a natural disaster and causes loss of life and property destruction. The objective of this study was to analyze flood inundation area mapping at Wadi Attarat Um Al Ghurdan Oil Shale mining concession area, The flooded areas along the main Wadi of Al-Ghadaf catchment area have been mapped based on the flow rates for different return periods using the HEC-RAS model, GIS for spatial data processing and HEC-GeoRAS for interfacing between HECRAS and GIS. The areas along the main wadi in the study area were simulated to be inundated for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years return periods. An inundation map displays the spatial extent of probable flooding for different scenarios and can be present either in quantitative or qualitative ways. The flood inundation maps for 25, 50 and 100 years return periods were prepared using ArcGIS. The major findings in the study revealed that the water level in some localities in the inundated areas reaches approximately 5.0 m along the wadi. Therefore, proper flood management can be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of flooding particularly in the low-lying flood prone areas.
洪水是一种自然灾害，造成生命财产损失和破坏。利用HEC-RAS模型，利用GIS进行空间数据处理，利用HEC-GeoRAS与GIS的接口，对Al- ghadaf集水区沿主要Wadi Attarat Um Al Ghurdan油页岩开采区洪水淹没区域进行了不同回潮期的洪水淹没区域绘制。研究区主河道沿线区域分别模拟了5、10、25、50和100年的淹没周期。洪水地图显示了不同情景下可能发生洪水的空间范围，可以以定量或定性的方式呈现。利用ArcGIS编制了25年、50年和100年的洪水淹没图。研究的主要结果表明，在被淹没地区的一些地方，水位沿河道达到约5.0米。因此，适当的防洪管理可以减少水浸的不利影响，特别是在低洼易受水浸的地区。
{"title":"Floodplain Analysis using ArcGIS, HEC-GeoRAS and HEC-RAS in Attarat Um Al-Ghudran Oil Shale Concession Area, Jordan","authors":"A. El-Naqa, Mohammad Jaber","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is a natural disaster and causes loss of life and property destruction. The objective of this study was to analyze flood inundation area mapping at Wadi Attarat Um Al Ghurdan Oil Shale mining concession area, The flooded areas along the main Wadi of Al-Ghadaf catchment area have been mapped based on the flow rates for different return periods using the HEC-RAS model, GIS for spatial data processing and HEC-GeoRAS for interfacing between HECRAS and GIS. The areas along the main wadi in the study area were simulated to be inundated for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years return periods. An inundation map displays the spatial extent of probable flooding for different scenarios and can be present either in quantitative or qualitative ways. The flood inundation maps for 25, 50 and 100 years return periods were prepared using ArcGIS. The major findings in the study revealed that the water level in some localities in the inundated areas reaches approximately 5.0 m along the wadi. Therefore, proper flood management can be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of flooding particularly in the low-lying flood prone areas.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80882727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000316
A. Mohammed
In this paper a feed-forward back-propagation type of neural network as well as the multi nonlinear regression model using statistical programming were used to determine the critical depth and discharge passing over the enddepth model, free overfall. This was achieved by training and validating (215) experimental data. The results of the trained verified and tested for neural network model are compared to the experimental measurements. There were well agreements with the measured values.
{"title":"Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model for End Depth Computations","authors":"A. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a feed-forward back-propagation type of neural network as well as the multi nonlinear regression model using statistical programming were used to determine the critical depth and discharge passing over the enddepth model, free overfall. This was achieved by training and validating (215) experimental data. The results of the trained verified and tested for neural network model are compared to the experimental measurements. There were well agreements with the measured values.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85664966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000303
Folorunso Op
Secondary flows are present in open channel due to the complex three-dimensional flow structures as a result of the existing natural features (e.g. different boundaries) affecting the flow. This paper experimentally examined the structure of secondary flow in open channel with a patchy gravel and vegetated beds using two different experimental conditions. A high resolution three-dimensional instantaneous velocity measurement over the gravel and vegetated bed were made using the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and the secondary flow quantities determined. The results reveal that the magnitude of secondary flow over the gravel bed in experiment one is relatively large with occurrence of down-flow, and up-flow over the flexible vegetated bed. The lateral interaction and momentum transfer between the two-bed roughness (gravel and vegetated beds) is achieved by the secondary flow, at the lower region of the flow, the transverse motion is directed from the gravel bed towards the grass bed, and at the upper region, and the flow is transported laterally in the opposite direction.
{"title":"Secondary Flow Structures in Open Channel with Patchy Gravel and Vegetated Beds","authors":"Folorunso Op","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary flows are present in open channel due to the complex three-dimensional flow structures as a result of the existing natural features (e.g. different boundaries) affecting the flow. This paper experimentally examined the structure of secondary flow in open channel with a patchy gravel and vegetated beds using two different experimental conditions. A high resolution three-dimensional instantaneous velocity measurement over the gravel and vegetated bed were made using the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and the secondary flow quantities determined. The results reveal that the magnitude of secondary flow over the gravel bed in experiment one is relatively large with occurrence of down-flow, and up-flow over the flexible vegetated bed. The lateral interaction and momentum transfer between the two-bed roughness (gravel and vegetated beds) is achieved by the secondary flow, at the lower region of the flow, the transverse motion is directed from the gravel bed towards the grass bed, and at the upper region, and the flow is transported laterally in the opposite direction.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90079184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000307
J. Eshun, Maame Afua Nkrumah
Our sustainable future is currently not clear as we continue to unsustainably use our natural resources for modern civilization, urbanization and technological advancement. The need for change in attitude towards the environment and a diligent search for using the environment sustainably are therefore, on the lips of everyone. Universities however, are especially placed in the diligent search for sustaining the environment given their combined mission of research, civic education and engagement. The purpose of this article therefore, was to find out the extent to which Ghanaian Technical University (GTUs) are fulfilling this role. The study design was descriptive. Data was gathered from four GTUs using semi-structured questionnaires. The quantitative component, measured on a three-point Likert scale was analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages) with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative component was analyzed using thematic analysis. One of the key findings of the study was that, although energy and water sustainability were generally part of the competencies required of student, sustainable projects, pollution management, recycling and the use of sustainable building materials were rarely considered. A key recommendation was that energy and water conservation and development issues should be made part of the range of courses offered by technical universities.
{"title":"The Current State of Sustainable Development in Ghanaian Technical Universities","authors":"J. Eshun, Maame Afua Nkrumah","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Our sustainable future is currently not clear as we continue to unsustainably use our natural resources for modern civilization, urbanization and technological advancement. The need for change in attitude towards the environment and a diligent search for using the environment sustainably are therefore, on the lips of everyone. Universities however, are especially placed in the diligent search for sustaining the environment given their combined mission of research, civic education and engagement. The purpose of this article therefore, was to find out the extent to which Ghanaian Technical University (GTUs) are fulfilling this role. The study design was descriptive. Data was gathered from four GTUs using semi-structured questionnaires. The quantitative component, measured on a three-point Likert scale was analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages) with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative component was analyzed using thematic analysis. One of the key findings of the study was that, although energy and water sustainability were generally part of the competencies required of student, sustainable projects, pollution management, recycling and the use of sustainable building materials were rarely considered. A key recommendation was that energy and water conservation and development issues should be made part of the range of courses offered by technical universities.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82273018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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