Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.310
Alma María Trasviña Barriga, Rafael Borquez Olguin, José Leal Almanza, L. Espinoza, M. A. G. Coronado
Pecans are cultivated extensively in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. These soils often have problems of salinity and high concentrations of exchangeable sodium, which cause a decline in pecan productivity. At the end of the season of irrigation with water from the system of reservoirs on the Yaqui River, groundwater is generally used from May to August. This can result in salt accumulation in the soil when water is of poor quality. Gypsum has been used as an amendment to rehabilitate soil by improving its physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum application to a saline soil of a pecan orchard in the Yaqui Valley. Rehabilitation was carried out for two consecutive years. In the first year a dose of 5 and 10 Mg ha‑1 was applied, while in the second year 2 Mg ha‑1 of gypsum was used. Two ridge washings were done after each aplication. The physico-chemical analyses of the soil were conducted following NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 during three years prior to and after the applications of amedment. Once the amendement was applied, the values of electrical conductivity decreased from 12.41 to 6.29 dS m-1, percentage of exchangeable sodium from 12.48 to 5.57 and sodium adsorption ratio from 10.54 to 4.88 at the depth of 0-30 cm. The use of agricultural gypsum and washing in a saline soil of the pecan orchard improved soil chemical properties using 5 and 10 Mg ha-1.
{"title":"Rehabilitación de un suelo salino con yeso agrícola en un cultivo de nogal en el Valle del Yaqui","authors":"Alma María Trasviña Barriga, Rafael Borquez Olguin, José Leal Almanza, L. Espinoza, M. A. G. Coronado","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.310","url":null,"abstract":"Pecans are cultivated extensively in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. These soils often have problems of salinity and high concentrations of exchangeable sodium, which cause a decline in pecan productivity. At the end of the season of irrigation with water from the system of reservoirs on the Yaqui River, groundwater is generally used from May to August. This can result in salt accumulation in the soil when water is of poor quality. Gypsum has been used as an amendment to rehabilitate soil by improving its physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum application to a saline soil of a pecan orchard in the Yaqui Valley. Rehabilitation was carried out for two consecutive years. In the first year a dose of 5 and 10 Mg ha‑1 was applied, while in the second year 2 Mg ha‑1 of gypsum was used. Two ridge washings were done after each aplication. The physico-chemical analyses of the soil were conducted following NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 during three years prior to and after the applications of amedment. Once the amendement was applied, the values of electrical conductivity decreased from 12.41 to 6.29 dS m-1, percentage of exchangeable sodium from 12.48 to 5.57 and sodium adsorption ratio from 10.54 to 4.88 at the depth of 0-30 cm. The use of agricultural gypsum and washing in a saline soil of the pecan orchard improved soil chemical properties using 5 and 10 Mg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"51 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222
F. P. Pellat, A. Cano, M. Bolaños, J. Chávez, M. Marin, E. Romero
La clasif icacion de la vegetacion usando informacion espectral multi-angular ha sido aproximada con esquemas de modelacion restringidos o con hipotesis de homogeneidad o estacionariedad. En este trabajo se presenta un esquema de modelacion global de los angulos cenitales y acimutales en la reflectancia de la vegetacion, extendiendo los desarrollos al caso de los efectos de cambios en las propiedades opticas del fondo de la vegetacion (suelos) y de la densidad de plantas (follaje). Esta sintesis se realiza en un espacio superior de compactacion que depende esencialmente de dos parametros y engloba todas las variaciones analizadas. El esquema de modelacion global desarrollado se aplico al caso de arreglos de plantas, diferentes densidades de ocho especies con arquetipos contrastantes y suelos desnudos. La modelacion se aplico a las mediciones de factores de reflectancia bi-conicos, donde los ajustes resultaron optimos (generalmente con R2 ≥ 0.99 y errores relativos medios menores al 7%). El analisis de los resultados mostro que la informacion espectral multi-angular para clasif icacion de especies, bajo condiciones generalizadas, mantiene todavia problemas de confusion en la discriminacion de especies. Esto puede explicarse por la sintesis de analisis realizada de las variaciones asociadas a la discriminacion.
{"title":"Bi-conical reflectance factor in contrasting vegetal species: global modeling","authors":"F. P. Pellat, A. Cano, M. Bolaños, J. Chávez, M. Marin, E. Romero","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222","url":null,"abstract":"La clasif icacion de la vegetacion usando informacion espectral multi-angular ha sido aproximada con esquemas de modelacion restringidos o con hipotesis de homogeneidad o estacionariedad. En este trabajo se presenta un esquema de modelacion global de los angulos cenitales y acimutales en la reflectancia de la vegetacion, extendiendo los desarrollos al caso de los efectos de cambios en las propiedades opticas del fondo de la vegetacion (suelos) y de la densidad de plantas (follaje). Esta sintesis se realiza en un espacio superior de compactacion que depende esencialmente de dos parametros y engloba todas las variaciones analizadas. El esquema de modelacion global desarrollado se aplico al caso de arreglos de plantas, diferentes densidades de ocho especies con arquetipos contrastantes y suelos desnudos. La modelacion se aplico a las mediciones de factores de reflectancia bi-conicos, donde los ajustes resultaron optimos (generalmente con R2 ≥ 0.99 y errores relativos medios menores al 7%). El analisis de los resultados mostro que la informacion espectral multi-angular para clasif icacion de especies, bajo condiciones generalizadas, mantiene todavia problemas de confusion en la discriminacion de especies. Esto puede explicarse por la sintesis de analisis realizada de las variaciones asociadas a la discriminacion.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"6 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90586371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.228
Fernando Paz Pellat
To use information obtained with satellite technology reliably, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the disruptive effects associated with the spectral information captured by sensors on space platforms. In this paper we analyze the inversion of radiative models of the atmosphere, which consists in determining the additive and multiplicative constants in each spectral band to make the necessary atmospheric corrections. The methodology proposes the use of invariant patterns of soil lines and dense vegetation for the inversion of radiative models. The results showed that, without knowledge of the atmospheric model or the type of aerosol, soil line data were relatively insufficient (low correlation) to obtain the additive and multiplicative constants of the atmospheric inversions, with problems of multiple solutions in the inversion process. Under similar conditions, the same was found for additive constants with the dense vegetation line, but for the multiplicative constants the results were favorable (R2 > 0.9). In contrast, with the knowledge of the atmospheric model and the aerosol model, estimates of additive and multiplicative constants were highly satisfactory (R2 > 0.99) in both cases. For soil line inversions, only one constraint of the two available was used. In conclusion, the use of invariant soil-line patterns allows us to establish two basic relationships to invert the radiative simulations of the atmosphere, prior to functional compaction, and field measurements can be made so that the proposed atmospheric correction process in this work can be considered in absolute and not relative terms.
{"title":"Correcciones atmosféricas relativas de imágenes de satélite: patrones invariantes y modelos atmosféricos","authors":"Fernando Paz Pellat","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.228","url":null,"abstract":"To use information obtained with satellite technology reliably, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the disruptive effects associated with the spectral information captured by sensors on space platforms. In this paper we analyze the inversion of radiative models of the atmosphere, which consists in determining the additive and multiplicative constants in each spectral band to make the necessary atmospheric corrections. The methodology proposes the use of invariant patterns of soil lines and dense vegetation for the inversion of radiative models. The results showed that, without knowledge of the atmospheric model or the type of aerosol, soil line data were relatively insufficient (low correlation) to obtain the additive and multiplicative constants of the atmospheric inversions, with problems of multiple solutions in the inversion process. Under similar conditions, the same was found for additive constants with the dense vegetation line, but for the multiplicative constants the results were favorable (R2 > 0.9). In contrast, with the knowledge of the atmospheric model and the aerosol model, estimates of additive and multiplicative constants were highly satisfactory (R2 > 0.99) in both cases. For soil line inversions, only one constraint of the two available was used. In conclusion, the use of invariant soil-line patterns allows us to establish two basic relationships to invert the radiative simulations of the atmosphere, prior to functional compaction, and field measurements can be made so that the proposed atmospheric correction process in this work can be considered in absolute and not relative terms.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90795884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257
J. Gómez
En Venezuela el cafe ( Coffea arabica L.) ocupa un area aproximada de 200 000 ha, distribuidos principalmente en las zonas montanosas de Los Andes. Tradicionalmente, el cafe se cultiva con pocos insumos bajo la sombra de arboles de la familia de las leguminosas y de otros arbustos. En anos recientes con la adopcion de cultivares de alta productividad, notable precocidad y tamano reducido se esta produciendo cafe a plena exposicion solar con fertilizacion mineral y uso de pesticidas. Las propiedades microbiologicas del suelo especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el flujo de energia y el reciclaje de nutrientes responden de forma rapida y sensible a los cambios de las condiciones del suelo mucho antes que por ejemplo el carbono organico, y de este modo, suministran una informacion anticipada sobre las alteraciones de la calidad del mismo. En este estudio se comparo la actividad microbiologica (respiracion basal), la biomasa microbiana y los parametros ecofisiologicos en suelos a nivel superficial (0-5 cm) de ocho fincas cafetaleras en los municipios de Merida y Trujillo donde se encuentran tres sistemas de produccion: tradicional, convencional y organico. Las fincas con agricultura organica presentaron los mayores valores de carbono organico total, carbono hidrosoluble, respiracion basal y biomasa microbiana en comparacion con las de manejo tradicional y convencional; con lo cual la produccion organica es un sistema de manejo mas sostenible por la mayor conservacion de los recursos naturales y la produccion mas amigable y armonica con el ambiente. En el caso del manejo convencional, la adicion de fertilizantes y pesticidas afecta de forma negativa el bienestar de los microorganismos y los hace mas ineficientes en el uso del carbono y la energia.
{"title":"Actividad microbiológica y biomasa microbiana en suelos cafetaleros de los Andes venezolanos","authors":"J. Gómez","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257","url":null,"abstract":"En Venezuela el cafe ( Coffea arabica L.) ocupa un area aproximada de 200 000 ha, distribuidos principalmente en las zonas montanosas de Los Andes. Tradicionalmente, el cafe se cultiva con pocos insumos bajo la sombra de arboles de la familia de las leguminosas y de otros arbustos. En anos recientes con la adopcion de cultivares de alta productividad, notable precocidad y tamano reducido se esta produciendo cafe a plena exposicion solar con fertilizacion mineral y uso de pesticidas. Las propiedades microbiologicas del suelo especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el flujo de energia y el reciclaje de nutrientes responden de forma rapida y sensible a los cambios de las condiciones del suelo mucho antes que por ejemplo el carbono organico, y de este modo, suministran una informacion anticipada sobre las alteraciones de la calidad del mismo. En este estudio se comparo la actividad microbiologica (respiracion basal), la biomasa microbiana y los parametros ecofisiologicos en suelos a nivel superficial (0-5 cm) de ocho fincas cafetaleras en los municipios de Merida y Trujillo donde se encuentran tres sistemas de produccion: tradicional, convencional y organico. Las fincas con agricultura organica presentaron los mayores valores de carbono organico total, carbono hidrosoluble, respiracion basal y biomasa microbiana en comparacion con las de manejo tradicional y convencional; con lo cual la produccion organica es un sistema de manejo mas sostenible por la mayor conservacion de los recursos naturales y la produccion mas amigable y armonica con el ambiente. En el caso del manejo convencional, la adicion de fertilizantes y pesticidas afecta de forma negativa el bienestar de los microorganismos y los hace mas ineficientes en el uso del carbono y la energia.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"2044 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91326451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316
A. Falcón, E. T. Diéguez, Janette Magalli Murillo Jiménez, J. G. Hernández, B. M. Amador
El acuifero de La Paz se encuentra desde hace varios anos en condicion de sobreexplotacion, lo que ha causado problemas de contaminacion por intrusion marina. En 2013 se conformo una red de monitoreo de pozos, que incluyo el uso publico-urbano, agricola, pecuario y de servicios, donde se realizaron muestreos representativos de la temporada de estiaje y lluvias. Se midio la concentracion de solidos totales disueltos (STD), temperatura, oxigeno disuelto y pH. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoria de los pozos agricolas contenian alta concentracion de STD a diferencia de los pozos de agua potable con concentracion inferior a 1000 mg L-1, que es el limite permisible por la norma of icial mexicana (NOM). Tambien se analizaron datos de iones mayoritarios de 14 pozos cercanos a la costa con alta concentracion de STD, con los que se elaboro un diagrama de Piper, encontrandose dos tipos o familias principales de agua: clorurada-calcica y clorurada-sodica. La presencia de sodio en concentraciones que superan los 200 mg L-1 en 8 pozos, y de magnesio con mas de 50 mg L-1 en 10 pozos, sobrepasaron la NOM y se considero que su origen es marino. La concentracion de calcio mayor a los 250 mg L-1 en 7 pozos, supone la existencia de capas de sedimentos de origen quimico-organico en la estratigrafia interior del acuifero, a traves de las cuales circula el agua subterranea. Los cloruros en concentraciones superiores a los 1000 mg L-1 en 6 pozos con elevada concentracion de STD, sugiere que es producto de la intrusion marina. Con base en la distribucion de la concentracion de STD se delimitaron dos areas amplias afectadas por la intrusion marina, y junto con la distribucion de las familias de agua, se identif icaron tres zonas principales del acuifero.
{"title":"Familias de agua subterránea y distribución de sólidos totales disueltos en el acuífero de La Paz Baja California Sur, México","authors":"A. Falcón, E. T. Diéguez, Janette Magalli Murillo Jiménez, J. G. Hernández, B. M. Amador","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316","url":null,"abstract":"El acuifero de La Paz se encuentra desde hace varios anos en condicion de sobreexplotacion, lo que ha causado problemas de contaminacion por intrusion marina. En 2013 se conformo una red de monitoreo de pozos, que incluyo el uso publico-urbano, agricola, pecuario y de servicios, donde se realizaron muestreos representativos de la temporada de estiaje y lluvias. Se midio la concentracion de solidos totales disueltos (STD), temperatura, oxigeno disuelto y pH. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoria de los pozos agricolas contenian alta concentracion de STD a diferencia de los pozos de agua potable con concentracion inferior a 1000 mg L-1, que es el limite permisible por la norma of icial mexicana (NOM). Tambien se analizaron datos de iones mayoritarios de 14 pozos cercanos a la costa con alta concentracion de STD, con los que se elaboro un diagrama de Piper, encontrandose dos tipos o familias principales de agua: clorurada-calcica y clorurada-sodica. La presencia de sodio en concentraciones que superan los 200 mg L-1 en 8 pozos, y de magnesio con mas de 50 mg L-1 en 10 pozos, sobrepasaron la NOM y se considero que su origen es marino. La concentracion de calcio mayor a los 250 mg L-1 en 7 pozos, supone la existencia de capas de sedimentos de origen quimico-organico en la estratigrafia interior del acuifero, a traves de las cuales circula el agua subterranea. Los cloruros en concentraciones superiores a los 1000 mg L-1 en 6 pozos con elevada concentracion de STD, sugiere que es producto de la intrusion marina. Con base en la distribucion de la concentracion de STD se delimitaron dos areas amplias afectadas por la intrusion marina, y junto con la distribucion de las familias de agua, se identif icaron tres zonas principales del acuifero.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"88 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81171008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.309
Rafael Alvarado Teyssier, E. A. Ruíz, Juan de Dios Guerrero Rodríguez, José Isabel Olvera Hernández, Ángel Bustamante González, Samuel Vargas López, J. H. H. Salgado
Nowadays, there are biologically sustainable options that can partially replace synthetic fertilizers and reduce production costs. To test the response of 18 maize varieties to synthetic fertilization (FQ), synthetic fertilization plus inoculant (FQB) and synthetic fertilization plus compost (FQC), in 2010 two experiments were established in rainfed conditions in the Valley of Puebla, with a completely randomized design, under a split plots arrangement, with three replications. Type of fertilization was assigned to the main plot and maize genotypes were the split plot. No differences were found in grain and stover yield by type of fertilization. There was a strong interaction between varieties and type of fertilizer as well as between varieties and location in grain and stover yield. For the interaction between variety and type of fertilization, it was found that 56% of the varieties showed higher yields with FQC, in while 27.8% had higher yields with FQB and 16.7% yielded better with FQ. The highest stover yield was obtained in San Andres Calpan with FQC (8.8 Mg ha-1), while in San Pedro Tlaltenango it was obtained with FQB (15.3 Mg ha‑1) and FQ (15.4 Mg ha‑1). The use of both synthetic fertilization and inoculant or compost maintains and increases maize grain and stover yield, compared with using only synthetic fertilizer.
如今，有生物可持续的选择，可以部分取代合成肥料，降低生产成本。为研究18个玉米品种对合成施肥(FQ)、合成施肥+接种剂(FQB)和合成施肥+堆肥(FQC)的响应，于2010年在普埃布拉谷旱作条件下，采用完全随机设计，分畦布置，3个重复。施肥类型为主地块，玉米基因型为分块地块。不同施肥方式对籽粒和秸秆产量无显著影响。在籽粒和秸秆产量方面，品种与肥料类型之间、品种与地点之间存在较强的相互作用。在品种与施肥类型的互作中，56%的品种FQC增产，27.8%的品种FQB增产，16.7%的品种FQB增产。在San Andres Calpan, FQC (8.8 Mg ha-1)获得最高的秸秆产量，而在San Pedro Tlaltenango, FQB (15.3 Mg ha-1)和FQ (15.4 Mg ha-1)获得最高的秸秆产量。与只使用合成肥料相比，同时使用合成肥料和接种剂或堆肥可以保持和增加玉米籽粒和秸秆的产量。
{"title":"Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla","authors":"Rafael Alvarado Teyssier, E. A. Ruíz, Juan de Dios Guerrero Rodríguez, José Isabel Olvera Hernández, Ángel Bustamante González, Samuel Vargas López, J. H. H. Salgado","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.309","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there are biologically sustainable options that can partially replace synthetic fertilizers and reduce production costs. To test the response of 18 maize varieties to synthetic fertilization (FQ), synthetic fertilization plus inoculant (FQB) and synthetic fertilization plus compost (FQC), in 2010 two experiments were established in rainfed conditions in the Valley of Puebla, with a completely randomized design, under a split plots arrangement, with three replications. Type of fertilization was assigned to the main plot and maize genotypes were the split plot. No differences were found in grain and stover yield by type of fertilization. There was a strong interaction between varieties and type of fertilizer as well as between varieties and location in grain and stover yield. For the interaction between variety and type of fertilization, it was found that 56% of the varieties showed higher yields with FQC, in while 27.8% had higher yields with FQB and 16.7% yielded better with FQ. The highest stover yield was obtained in San Andres Calpan with FQC (8.8 Mg ha-1), while in San Pedro Tlaltenango it was obtained with FQB (15.3 Mg ha‑1) and FQ (15.4 Mg ha‑1). The use of both synthetic fertilization and inoculant or compost maintains and increases maize grain and stover yield, compared with using only synthetic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"21 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87670146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.230
Fernando Paz Pellat
It is essential to minimize atmospheric effects on spectral information of remote sensors from space platforms to avoid under estimation of biophysical variables associated with satellite image data. In this paper, a generic algorithm was developed, based on sound theoretical arguments, to analyze time series ISVI spectral vegetation index (vegetation index based on iso-soil curves), thus avoiding the problems associated with the classic design of vegetation indices, where the spectral signal saturates quickly. The results, when applying the algorithm in pixel time series of AVHRR satellite images, showed that reduction and standardization of atmospheric effects in the ISVI was achieved. Using ISVI maximum values in time series (temporal window), a reasonable approximation to atmospheric conditions with minimum or standardized effects was obtained. In conclusion, although the scheme developed failed to eliminate the atmospheric effect on ISVI entirely, it was reduced to a minimum. The algorithm developed was simple enough for operational use, with regard to atmospheric correction methods using radiative model inversions.
{"title":"Minimización de los efectos atmosféricos en el índice espectral de la vegetación IVIS","authors":"Fernando Paz Pellat","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.230","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to minimize atmospheric effects on spectral information of remote sensors from space platforms to avoid under estimation of biophysical variables associated with satellite image data. In this paper, a generic algorithm was developed, based on sound theoretical arguments, to analyze time series ISVI spectral vegetation index (vegetation index based on iso-soil curves), thus avoiding the problems associated with the classic design of vegetation indices, where the spectral signal saturates quickly. The results, when applying the algorithm in pixel time series of AVHRR satellite images, showed that reduction and standardization of atmospheric effects in the ISVI was achieved. Using ISVI maximum values in time series (temporal window), a reasonable approximation to atmospheric conditions with minimum or standardized effects was obtained. In conclusion, although the scheme developed failed to eliminate the atmospheric effect on ISVI entirely, it was reduced to a minimum. The algorithm developed was simple enough for operational use, with regard to atmospheric correction methods using radiative model inversions.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"3 3 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78332215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-22DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254
A. Franco, M. E. Ramírez, Flor Elena Ortiz Cháirez
La def iciencia de hierro (Fe) en los cultivos se manif iesta principalmente en regiones con suelos alcalinos y calcareos. En el presente estudio se evaluo la efectividad del Fe3+ quelatado con EDDHA [ac. etilendiamino di-(o-hidroxifenilacetato)] y la aspersion foliar de FeSO4 solos y combinados, en los cultivos de sorgo, soya, okra y frijol. El EDDHA-Fe (Ultraferro®) se aplico a dosis de 1% en la siembra sobre las semillas y para el FeSO4 se hicieron dos aplicaciones foliares al 1.5%. En los cuatro experimentos se determino el indice de clorof ila (SPAD) en tres fechas (15 y 28 de marzo, 6 de abril), y a los 48-50 dias despues de la siembra se cuantif ico la biomasa foliar y radical. Entre los cultivos, las plantas de soya y okra manifestaron la mayor intensidad de clorosis ferrica, la cual fue visible entre los tratamientos. En ambos cultivos los mayores valores SPAD y de biomasa foliar y radical se obtuvieron con la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4. En frijol y sorgo, la clorosis fue menos visible, para las plantas de frijol el mayor indice de clorof ila se registro con EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4 en las dos ultimas fechas de evaluacion (28 de marzo y 6 de abril) y los tres tratamientos quimicos superaron de forma similar al testigo, en la biomasa foliar y radical. Las plantas de sorgo registraron los mayores indices SPAD en la ultima fecha (6 de abril), mientras que no fueron signif icativas las diferencias en la biomasa foliar y radical. No se observo efecto aditivo en las variables con la combinacion EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4. En general, los resultados indican que la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4 foliar en soya, okra y frijol, mostraron correccion de la clorosis ferrica de manera efectiva.
{"title":"Corrección de la clorosis férrica con quelato EDDHA en cultivos sembrados en suelo alcalino y calcáreo","authors":"A. Franco, M. E. Ramírez, Flor Elena Ortiz Cháirez","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254","url":null,"abstract":"La def iciencia de hierro (Fe) en los cultivos se manif iesta principalmente en regiones con suelos alcalinos y calcareos. En el presente estudio se evaluo la efectividad del Fe3+ quelatado con EDDHA [ac. etilendiamino di-(o-hidroxifenilacetato)] y la aspersion foliar de FeSO4 solos y combinados, en los cultivos de sorgo, soya, okra y frijol. El EDDHA-Fe (Ultraferro®) se aplico a dosis de 1% en la siembra sobre las semillas y para el FeSO4 se hicieron dos aplicaciones foliares al 1.5%. En los cuatro experimentos se determino el indice de clorof ila (SPAD) en tres fechas (15 y 28 de marzo, 6 de abril), y a los 48-50 dias despues de la siembra se cuantif ico la biomasa foliar y radical. Entre los cultivos, las plantas de soya y okra manifestaron la mayor intensidad de clorosis ferrica, la cual fue visible entre los tratamientos. En ambos cultivos los mayores valores SPAD y de biomasa foliar y radical se obtuvieron con la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4. En frijol y sorgo, la clorosis fue menos visible, para las plantas de frijol el mayor indice de clorof ila se registro con EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4 en las dos ultimas fechas de evaluacion (28 de marzo y 6 de abril) y los tres tratamientos quimicos superaron de forma similar al testigo, en la biomasa foliar y radical. Las plantas de sorgo registraron los mayores indices SPAD en la ultima fecha (6 de abril), mientras que no fueron signif icativas las diferencias en la biomasa foliar y radical. No se observo efecto aditivo en las variables con la combinacion EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4. En general, los resultados indican que la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4 foliar en soya, okra y frijol, mostraron correccion de la clorosis ferrica de manera efectiva.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"62 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90197430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-08DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172
M. AndréGuarçoni, V. Alvarez, Fabrício Moreira Sobreira
Due to high variability of chemical characteristics, soil sampling is one of the major sources of error in a correction and fertilization program. This critical review aimed to analyze the theoretical foundations that define the soil sampling types used for different cropping systems, assessing the degree of influence of variations in chemical characteristics conferred by each situation. Confronting information from the studies reviewed, we determined that the range of spatial dependence of soil chemical properties is dependent on the distance between previous sampling points. Land stratification in sampling units reduces the occurrence of spatial dependence caused by environmental factors associated with long-distance variations (macro-dependence), but does not prevent the occurrence of spatial dependence at short distances in positions within the stratum itself (meso-dependence). The option to use composite sample analysis from homogeneous field (average fertility) or the soil fertility maps for recommendation of lime and fertilizer, is primarily due to economic issues. The collection of single samples of small volume to calculate local averages, or the formation of composite samples from these “single samples” tends to increase the effectiveness and reliability of fertility maps.
{"title":"Fundamentação teórica dos sistemas de amostragem de solo de acordo com a variabilidade de características químicas.","authors":"M. AndréGuarçoni, V. Alvarez, Fabrício Moreira Sobreira","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172","url":null,"abstract":"Due to high variability of chemical characteristics, soil sampling is one of the major sources of error in a correction and fertilization program. This critical review aimed to analyze the theoretical foundations that define the soil sampling types used for different cropping systems, assessing the degree of influence of variations in chemical characteristics conferred by each situation. Confronting information from the studies reviewed, we determined that the range of spatial dependence of soil chemical properties is dependent on the distance between previous sampling points. Land stratification in sampling units reduces the occurrence of spatial dependence caused by environmental factors associated with long-distance variations (macro-dependence), but does not prevent the occurrence of spatial dependence at short distances in positions within the stratum itself (meso-dependence). The option to use composite sample analysis from homogeneous field (average fertility) or the soil fertility maps for recommendation of lime and fertilizer, is primarily due to economic issues. The collection of single samples of small volume to calculate local averages, or the formation of composite samples from these “single samples” tends to increase the effectiveness and reliability of fertility maps.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"29 1","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-08DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.264
G. García, D. S. F. Reynoso, M. R. M. Menez, J. D. R. Berber, Patricio Sánchez Guzmán, Erasmo Rubio Granados, L. A. I. Castillo
The lack of detailed maps of spatial distribution of soil units is a frequent constraint in decision-making processes, hydrological modeling, and productive assessment of an area. In this work, the Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) technique was applied, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to obtain the spatial distribution of dominant soil units in a watershed. The study area was the Mixteco watershed, which covers an area of 655 903 ha, of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. For DSM, topographic, hydrological, climatic and geological environmental covariables were used. The environmental covariables with greater impact on the spatial distribution of soil units, in order of importance, were geological, topographic and climatic. Digital classification was based on 142 randomly distributed training areas and 60 sites for validation of results. In the watershed, according to the FAO (2014) WRB Classif ication System, the following soil groups were identified satisfactorily (76.67% for overall accuracy and 71.20% for the kappa index): Cambisols (35.8%), Fluvisols (7.16%), Leptosols (48.25%), Regosols (8.00%) and Vertisols 0.79%). DSM satisfactorily determined the spatial distribution of soil units in the watershed and identified the most influential environmental covariables.
{"title":"Clasificación digital de suelos a través de covariables ambientales de la cuenca del río Mixteco","authors":"G. García, D. S. F. Reynoso, M. R. M. Menez, J. D. R. Berber, Patricio Sánchez Guzmán, Erasmo Rubio Granados, L. A. I. Castillo","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.264","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of detailed maps of spatial distribution of soil units is a frequent constraint in decision-making processes, hydrological modeling, and productive assessment of an area. In this work, the Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) technique was applied, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to obtain the spatial distribution of dominant soil units in a watershed. The study area was the Mixteco watershed, which covers an area of 655 903 ha, of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. For DSM, topographic, hydrological, climatic and geological environmental covariables were used. The environmental covariables with greater impact on the spatial distribution of soil units, in order of importance, were geological, topographic and climatic. Digital classification was based on 142 randomly distributed training areas and 60 sites for validation of results. In the watershed, according to the FAO (2014) WRB Classif ication System, the following soil groups were identified satisfactorily (76.67% for overall accuracy and 71.20% for the kappa index): Cambisols (35.8%), Fluvisols (7.16%), Leptosols (48.25%), Regosols (8.00%) and Vertisols 0.79%). DSM satisfactorily determined the spatial distribution of soil units in the watershed and identified the most influential environmental covariables.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":"31 1","pages":"281-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77039598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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