Lietuvoje sparciai augant susidomėjimui ispanakalbių salių kultūra, gausėja sių kultūrų grožinės literatūros vertimų, todėl, siekiant gerinti vertimų kokybe, svarbu tirti vertimus is ispanų į lietuvių kalbą ir atvirksciai. Vienas is sunkiausių vertimo aspektų yra kultūros realijos, perteikiancios tam tikros salies arba tautos kultūrinį savitumą. Gabrielio Garcia’os Marquezo romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ gausu Lotynų Amerikos kultūrą atspindincių kultūros realijų, kurias isversti galėjo būti sunku. Sio straipsnio tikslas – isnagrinėti ir palyginti kultūros realijų vertimo is ispanų į lietuvių kalbą strategijas, kuriomis, versdama romaną „Simtas metų vienatvės“, 1972 m. rėmėsi Elena Treinienė, o 2017 m. – Valdas V. Petrauskas. Pries imantis praktinės analizės, aptariamos „kultūrinių reiksmių“ ir „kultūros realijų“ sąvokos, apžvelgiamos kultūros realijų klasifikacijos pagal vertimo tyrėjų Eugene’o Nidos, Peterio Newmarko, Sergejaus Vlahovo, Sidero Florino ir Lauros Santamaria’os Guinot pasiūlytas klasifikacijas. Taip pat analizuojamos kultūros realijų vertimo strategijos remiantis Amparos Hurtado Albir, Eirlyso Davieso, Georgeso L. Bastino ir Pekko Kujamakio darbais. Suskaiciavus ir suklasifikavus originalo tekste rastas kultūros realijas pagal Santamaria’os Guinot realijų klasifikaciją, nustatyta, kad romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ yra 69 skirtingos kultūros realijos, kurias atspindi 252 tekste minimi sių realijų pavyzdžiai, nusakantys ekologijos, socialinių struktūrų, kultūros institucijų, socialinio pasaulio ir materialiosios kultūros konceptus. Daugiausiai romane rastų kultūros realijų priklauso materialinės aplinkos teminei pavyzdžių grupei. Lyginamosios analizės metu romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ rastas kultūros realijas suskirscius pagal Bastino vertimo strategijas, buvo nustatytos skirtingu dažnumu taikytos transkripcijos, situacijų ekvivalentiskumo, aktualizavimo, egzotiskumo, isplėtimo ir paaiskinimo bei praleidimo strategijos. Is minėtų strategijų abu kūrinį verte lietuvių vertėjai dažniausiai naudojosi transkripcijos ir situacijų ekvivalentiskumo vertimo strategijomis. Kultūros realijų vertimo tyrime derinami kiekybinės, lyginamosios ir aprasomosios vertimo analizės metodai. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0009
在立陶宛，随着人们对西班牙语文化的兴趣迅速增加，有许多文化美文学的翻译，因此研究立陶宛语的翻译和立陶宛语的译文以提高翻译质量是很重要的。翻译最困难的方面之一是文化现实、特定大厅的剩余或一个国家的文化财产。在加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯的小说《Simtas Years of Unity》中，拉丁美洲的文化反映了许多难以翻译的文化现实。”在1972年得到Elena Treinienï和2017年得到Valdas V的支持。佩特劳斯卡斯。在实际分析之前，--有关的“文化用途”和“文化现实”；“Eugene Nida、Peter Newmark、Sergei Vlahov、Sidero Florino和Laura Santamaria Guinot以及Amparos Hurtado Albir、Eirlys Davies和Georges L。巴斯汀和北京的工作。根据Santamaria Guinot的现实分类法对原文中发现的文化现实进行了计算和分类，在小说《辛塔斯团结的岁月》中有69种不同的文化现实，反映了252文本中提到的例子，这些例子描绘了生态、社会结构、文化制度、社会世界和物质文化的概念。ed“在巴斯廷翻译策略下发现的文化现实的分解确定了不同频率应用的转录本、情境对等、更新、异国情调、爆炸和解释以及省略策略。对文化现实的研究结合了定量翻译、比较翻译和描述性翻译的方法。https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0009
{"title":"KULTŪROS REALIJŲ VERTIMAS Į LIETUVIŲ KALBĄ: GABRIELIO GARCÍA’OS MÁRQUEZO ROMANAS „ŠIMTAS METŲ VIENATVĖS“","authors":"Gabija Leonavičiūtė, Dovilė Kuzminskaitė","doi":"10.7220/321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/321","url":null,"abstract":"Lietuvoje sparciai augant susidomėjimui ispanakalbių salių kultūra, gausėja sių kultūrų grožinės literatūros vertimų, todėl, siekiant gerinti vertimų kokybe, svarbu tirti vertimus is ispanų į lietuvių kalbą ir atvirksciai. Vienas is sunkiausių vertimo aspektų yra kultūros realijos, perteikiancios tam tikros salies arba tautos kultūrinį savitumą. Gabrielio Garcia’os Marquezo romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ gausu Lotynų Amerikos kultūrą atspindincių kultūros realijų, kurias isversti galėjo būti sunku. Sio straipsnio tikslas – isnagrinėti ir palyginti kultūros realijų vertimo is ispanų į lietuvių kalbą strategijas, kuriomis, versdama romaną „Simtas metų vienatvės“, 1972 m. rėmėsi Elena Treinienė, o 2017 m. – Valdas V. Petrauskas. Pries imantis praktinės analizės, aptariamos „kultūrinių reiksmių“ ir „kultūros realijų“ sąvokos, apžvelgiamos kultūros realijų klasifikacijos pagal vertimo tyrėjų Eugene’o Nidos, Peterio Newmarko, Sergejaus Vlahovo, Sidero Florino ir Lauros Santamaria’os Guinot pasiūlytas klasifikacijas. Taip pat analizuojamos kultūros realijų vertimo strategijos remiantis Amparos Hurtado Albir, Eirlyso Davieso, Georgeso L. Bastino ir Pekko Kujamakio darbais. Suskaiciavus ir suklasifikavus originalo tekste rastas kultūros realijas pagal Santamaria’os Guinot realijų klasifikaciją, nustatyta, kad romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ yra 69 skirtingos kultūros realijos, kurias atspindi 252 tekste minimi sių realijų pavyzdžiai, nusakantys ekologijos, socialinių struktūrų, kultūros institucijų, socialinio pasaulio ir materialiosios kultūros konceptus. Daugiausiai romane rastų kultūros realijų priklauso materialinės aplinkos teminei pavyzdžių grupei. Lyginamosios analizės metu romane „Simtas metų vienatvės“ rastas kultūros realijas suskirscius pagal Bastino vertimo strategijas, buvo nustatytos skirtingu dažnumu taikytos transkripcijos, situacijų ekvivalentiskumo, aktualizavimo, egzotiskumo, isplėtimo ir paaiskinimo bei praleidimo strategijos. Is minėtų strategijų abu kūrinį verte lietuvių vertėjai dažniausiai naudojosi transkripcijos ir situacijų ekvivalentiskumo vertimo strategijomis. Kultūros realijų vertimo tyrime derinami kiekybinės, lyginamosios ir aprasomosios vertimo analizės metodai. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0009","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"1 1","pages":"185-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Articles follow the 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA*) and are subjected to double peer-review and selected for publication on the basis of the following criteria: • the study is thematically relevant to the aim of the journal; • original, previously unpublished, not submitted to other journals during the evaluation process, ethical parameters highlighted; • presents empirical analysis or in-depth theoretical consideration; • contains basic structural elements:o Empirical study – introduction, background, aim, research parameters (sample, method, instrument), ethics, findings, discussion, conclusions, implications, references.o Conceptual study – introduction, background, aim, method, ethics, reflection and discussion, conclusions, insights, references. • focuses on an acute research problem; • is of adequate stylistic and linguistic quality.
{"title":"GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUSCRIPTS","authors":"N. Mačianskienė","doi":"10.7220/342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/342","url":null,"abstract":"Articles follow the 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA*) and are subjected to double peer-review and selected for publication on the basis of the following criteria: • the study is thematically relevant to the aim of the journal; • original, previously unpublished, not submitted to other journals during the evaluation process, ethical parameters highlighted; • presents empirical analysis or in-depth theoretical consideration; • contains basic structural elements:o Empirical study – introduction, background, aim, research parameters (sample, method, instrument), ethics, findings, discussion, conclusions, implications, references.o Conceptual study – introduction, background, aim, method, ethics, reflection and discussion, conclusions, insights, references. • focuses on an acute research problem; • is of adequate stylistic and linguistic quality.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42852711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenn in einem Unternehmen oder einer Institution eine Krise auftritt, wird diese in den meisten Fallen nicht sofort als Krise bekannt gemacht, auch wenn sich die Zeichen der Krise schwer ubersehen lassen. Erst nachdem die Krise uberstanden worden ist, kommt dieses Wort offentlich in Gebrauch. So war es auch im Fall von Vinted. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die externe Krisenkommunikation von Vinted als Mutterunternehmen (LT) und Kleiderkreisel (KK) als Tochterunternehmen (DE) untersucht, denn insbesondere im Hinblick auf die sprachlichen Aspekte der Krisenkommunikation fehlen immer noch eingehende Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema. Die Daten zur Krisenkommunikation des Unternehmens Vinted sind dem Wirtschaftsnachrichtenportal www.vz.lt entnommen worden, und die Daten fur die Analyse der Tochterfirma KK stammen aus den deutschsprachigen Foren des Unternehmens. Die Wahl von verschiedenen Quellen zur Erhebung von Daten hangt mit der Art der Krise bzw. mit der Frage zusammen, wo und wie das Unternehmen mit der Offentlichkeit kommuniziert, wenn es sich um eine langsam brennende Krise oder eine plotzlich eintretende Krise handelt. Mithilfe der Diskursanalyse wurde die litauischsprachige und deutschsprachige Unternehmenskommunikation detailliert analysiert und miteinander verglichen, um erlautern zu konnen, welche Krisen es in den Unternehmen gab und welches Krisenkommunikationsmodel fur die jeweilige Krise gewahlt wurde. Da die Daten aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2017 (Vinted) und 2014 bis 2016 (KK) stammen, konnten auch der Ausgang der Krise evaluiert und die nachfolgende Situation des Unternehmens kommentiert werden. Im Jahr 2019 hat ein neuer Kapitalgeber in das Start-Up investiert, sodass Vinted zum ersten Unicorn in den baltischen Landern aufstieg. Da das Start-Up im Jahr 2020 weiterhin wachst, ist die Annahme moglich, dass in der fruheren Zeit eine entsprechende Managements- und Kommunikationsstrategie gewahlt wurde. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0007
{"title":"DISKURSANALYSE DER KRISENKOMMUNIKATION DES UNTERNEHMENS VINTED IN LITAUEN UND DEUTSCHLAND","authors":"Greta Garnytė","doi":"10.7220/326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/326","url":null,"abstract":"Wenn in einem Unternehmen oder einer Institution eine Krise auftritt, wird diese in den meisten Fallen nicht sofort als Krise bekannt gemacht, auch wenn sich die Zeichen der Krise schwer ubersehen lassen. Erst nachdem die Krise uberstanden worden ist, kommt dieses Wort offentlich in Gebrauch. So war es auch im Fall von Vinted. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die externe Krisenkommunikation von Vinted als Mutterunternehmen (LT) und Kleiderkreisel (KK) als Tochterunternehmen (DE) untersucht, denn insbesondere im Hinblick auf die sprachlichen Aspekte der Krisenkommunikation fehlen immer noch eingehende Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema. Die Daten zur Krisenkommunikation des Unternehmens Vinted sind dem Wirtschaftsnachrichtenportal www.vz.lt entnommen worden, und die Daten fur die Analyse der Tochterfirma KK stammen aus den deutschsprachigen Foren des Unternehmens. Die Wahl von verschiedenen Quellen zur Erhebung von Daten hangt mit der Art der Krise bzw. mit der Frage zusammen, wo und wie das Unternehmen mit der Offentlichkeit kommuniziert, wenn es sich um eine langsam brennende Krise oder eine plotzlich eintretende Krise handelt. Mithilfe der Diskursanalyse wurde die litauischsprachige und deutschsprachige Unternehmenskommunikation detailliert analysiert und miteinander verglichen, um erlautern zu konnen, welche Krisen es in den Unternehmen gab und welches Krisenkommunikationsmodel fur die jeweilige Krise gewahlt wurde. Da die Daten aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2017 (Vinted) und 2014 bis 2016 (KK) stammen, konnten auch der Ausgang der Krise evaluiert und die nachfolgende Situation des Unternehmens kommentiert werden. Im Jahr 2019 hat ein neuer Kapitalgeber in das Start-Up investiert, sodass Vinted zum ersten Unicorn in den baltischen Landern aufstieg. Da das Start-Up im Jahr 2020 weiterhin wachst, ist die Annahme moglich, dass in der fruheren Zeit eine entsprechende Managements- und Kommunikationsstrategie gewahlt wurde. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0007","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"1 1","pages":"140-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49299726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Growing interest in Spanish-speaking countries in Lithuania leads to the increased number of translations of Spanish and Latin American literature. Therefore, it is important to analyse translations from Spanish into Lithuanian and vice versa to improve the quality of translation work. One of the most difficult elements to translate are culture-specific items that reveal cultural uniqueness. The novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Gabriel García Márquez contains many culture-specific items related to Colombia, that could be difficult to translate. This article aims to analyse and compare translation strategies of culture-specific items from Spanish into Lithuanian, which were used in 1972 by Elena Treinienė and in 2017 by Valdas V. Petrauskas, to translate the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude”. Firstly, this article defines the concepts of cultural elements and culture-specific items. It also discusses the classification of culture-specific items based on the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Sergej Vlahov, Sider Florin and Laura Santamaria Guinot. Furthermore, this article describes translation strategies of culture-specific items emphasized by Amparo Hurtado Albir, Eirlys Davies, Georges L. Bastin and Pekka Kujamäki. In this research, culture-specific items are counted and described using Santamaria Guinot’s classification, which allows to claim that there are 69 different culture-specific items in “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and they are reflected by 252 examples in the text. These culture-specific items are related with concepts of ecology, social structures, cultural institutions, social universe and material culture. The most common ones are culture-specific items from the category of ‘material culture’. The results of the research allow distinguishing six translation strategies, used in different frequency: transcription, equivalence of situations, actualisation, usage of exoticism, extension and explication, and omission. Both Lithuanian translators Treinienė and Petrauskas mainly used strategies of transcription and equivalence of situations. The analysis of the translation of culture-specific items was performed using the methods of quantitative, comparative, and descriptive translation analysis.
立陶宛对西班牙语国家的兴趣与日俱增，导致西班牙语和拉丁美洲文学的翻译数量增加。因此，分析从西班牙语到立陶宛语的翻译，反之亦然，以提高翻译工作的质量是很重要的。最难翻译的元素之一是揭示文化独特性的特定文化项目。加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯（Gabriel García Márquez）的小说《百年孤独》（One Years of Solitude）包含了许多与哥伦比亚有关的特定文化项目，这些项目可能很难翻译。本文旨在分析和比较1972年Elena Treinienë和2017年Valdas V.Petrauskas在翻译小说《百年孤独》时使用的西班牙语到立陶宛语的文化特定项目的翻译策略。本文首先界定了文化要素和文化特有项目的概念。并以尤金·尼达、彼得·纽马克、谢尔盖·弗拉霍夫、西德·弗洛林和劳拉·桑塔玛丽亚·吉诺特的作品为基础，探讨了特定文化项目的分类问题。此外，本文还介绍了安帕罗·赫尔塔多·阿尔比尔、艾尔里斯·戴维斯、乔治·L·巴斯汀和佩卡·库贾梅基所强调的文化特定项目的翻译策略。在本研究中，使用Santamaria Guinot的分类法对特定文化项目进行了统计和描述，这使得《百年孤独》中有69个不同的特定文化项目，并通过文本中的252个例子进行了反映。这些特定于文化的项目与生态学、社会结构、文化制度、社会宇宙和物质文化的概念有关。最常见的是“物质文化”类别中的特定文化项目。研究结果可以区分六种不同频率的翻译策略：转写、情景对等、实现、异国情调的使用、扩展和解释以及省略。立陶宛翻译家特雷尼恩和佩特劳斯卡斯都主要使用转写策略和情景对等策略。采用定量、比较和描述性的翻译分析方法对特定文化项目的翻译进行了分析。
{"title":"Culture-Specific Items’ Translation Into Lithuanian: “One Hundred Years of Solitude” By Gabriel García Márquez","authors":"Gabija Leonavičiūtė, Dovilė Kuzminskaitė","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Growing interest in Spanish-speaking countries in Lithuania leads to the increased number of translations of Spanish and Latin American literature. Therefore, it is important to analyse translations from Spanish into Lithuanian and vice versa to improve the quality of translation work. One of the most difficult elements to translate are culture-specific items that reveal cultural uniqueness. The novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Gabriel García Márquez contains many culture-specific items related to Colombia, that could be difficult to translate. This article aims to analyse and compare translation strategies of culture-specific items from Spanish into Lithuanian, which were used in 1972 by Elena Treinienė and in 2017 by Valdas V. Petrauskas, to translate the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude”. Firstly, this article defines the concepts of cultural elements and culture-specific items. It also discusses the classification of culture-specific items based on the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Sergej Vlahov, Sider Florin and Laura Santamaria Guinot. Furthermore, this article describes translation strategies of culture-specific items emphasized by Amparo Hurtado Albir, Eirlys Davies, Georges L. Bastin and Pekka Kujamäki. In this research, culture-specific items are counted and described using Santamaria Guinot’s classification, which allows to claim that there are 69 different culture-specific items in “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and they are reflected by 252 examples in the text. These culture-specific items are related with concepts of ecology, social structures, cultural institutions, social universe and material culture. The most common ones are culture-specific items from the category of ‘material culture’. The results of the research allow distinguishing six translation strategies, used in different frequency: transcription, equivalence of situations, actualisation, usage of exoticism, extension and explication, and omission. Both Lithuanian translators Treinienė and Petrauskas mainly used strategies of transcription and equivalence of situations. The analysis of the translation of culture-specific items was performed using the methods of quantitative, comparative, and descriptive translation analysis.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"185 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The earliest stages of pidgin formation show a preference for analytic and morphologically reduced grammatical constructions relative to their lexifier or substrate languages, where the apparent morphological marking, if found, seems to be fossilized. Structural relations, therefore, are mostly expressed externally. Tense/aspect categories are marked through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context. Creole languages, however, are said to develop such categories through grammaticalization. This study examines tense/aspect marking in five Arabic-based pidgins: Juba Arabic, Turku Pidgin, Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Using Siegel’s (2008) scale of morphological simplicity, from lexicality to grammaticality, this study concludes that tense/aspect marking is expressed lexically through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context in the earliest stages of Arabic-based pidgins, which only later—in stabilized pidgins—develops into grammaticalized markers when certain criteria are met.
{"title":"Tense/Aspect Marking in Arabic-Based Pidgins","authors":"W. Alshammari","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The earliest stages of pidgin formation show a preference for analytic and morphologically reduced grammatical constructions relative to their lexifier or substrate languages, where the apparent morphological marking, if found, seems to be fossilized. Structural relations, therefore, are mostly expressed externally. Tense/aspect categories are marked through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context. Creole languages, however, are said to develop such categories through grammaticalization. This study examines tense/aspect marking in five Arabic-based pidgins: Juba Arabic, Turku Pidgin, Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Using Siegel’s (2008) scale of morphological simplicity, from lexicality to grammaticality, this study concludes that tense/aspect marking is expressed lexically through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context in the earliest stages of Arabic-based pidgins, which only later—in stabilized pidgins—develops into grammaticalized markers when certain criteria are met.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"14 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46482935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The focus of this book, which is a collection of twelve studies, is sociolinguistic transformations in marginal contexts that are not usually covered by mainstream publications. The term ‘margin’ in these studies refers to smaller nations and communities located in the peripheries of global hubs. The book includes online margins as well, contemplating the impact of the internet and mobile devices on people’s lives, where standard programs and instruments employed in informal settings are often not applicable. The collection is published on time when the notion of margins and language needs rethinking and reinterpretation. The topics can be characterized as interdisciplinary, and as such the chapters are densely intertwined with both linguistic and social issues, including the impact of technology on the creation of language varieties, the effect of territorial administration on identity development, the role of media in spreading the languages of subcultures, the effect of mobile phones on the transformation of identities. The methods include linguistic landscaping, content analysis, interviews and conversations, and participant observation. Although some chapters employ a combination of several methods, most studies have used a dominant method to collect data. The editors have collected diverse topics of sociolinguistics in this book, which is a very helpful resource for educational institutions, where theories and methods of applied linguistics are a part of their curriculum. It is also a unique complementary literature useful for junior students of applied linguistics who are in the process of exploring research topics in less discussed contexts. The review combines both descriptive and critical approaches, and includes an overview of each case study and their research methods.
{"title":"A Book Review: Language and Culture on the Margins: Global/Local Interactions S. Kroon, & J. Swanenberg (Eds.) (2019). Routledge","authors":"Askar Mambetaliev","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The focus of this book, which is a collection of twelve studies, is sociolinguistic transformations in marginal contexts that are not usually covered by mainstream publications. The term ‘margin’ in these studies refers to smaller nations and communities located in the peripheries of global hubs. The book includes online margins as well, contemplating the impact of the internet and mobile devices on people’s lives, where standard programs and instruments employed in informal settings are often not applicable. The collection is published on time when the notion of margins and language needs rethinking and reinterpretation. The topics can be characterized as interdisciplinary, and as such the chapters are densely intertwined with both linguistic and social issues, including the impact of technology on the creation of language varieties, the effect of territorial administration on identity development, the role of media in spreading the languages of subcultures, the effect of mobile phones on the transformation of identities. The methods include linguistic landscaping, content analysis, interviews and conversations, and participant observation. Although some chapters employ a combination of several methods, most studies have used a dominant method to collect data. The editors have collected diverse topics of sociolinguistics in this book, which is a very helpful resource for educational institutions, where theories and methods of applied linguistics are a part of their curriculum. It is also a unique complementary literature useful for junior students of applied linguistics who are in the process of exploring research topics in less discussed contexts. The review combines both descriptive and critical approaches, and includes an overview of each case study and their research methods.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Quite many companies or organisations experience smaller or larger crises for an abundance of various reasons and yet a situation is not immediately named a crisis as such, even though the signs are rather clear. That was the case with the crisis communication of Vinted. The research aimed to analyse the external crisis communication in Vinted (as mother company in Lithuania) and Kleiderkreisel (as daughter company in Germany) for the topic is hardly analysed, especially linguistically. The material for crisis communication in Vinted was gathered from the articles in business news portal Verslo žinios (www.vz.lt) and the material for the analysis of crisis communication in Kleiderkreisel was gathered from the official Kleiderkreisel internet forum. It was noticed that the types of crises are different and because of that companies choose different ways for communication, meaning that where and how the company communicates with its community was influenced by the type of crisis itself. Communication of Vinted (statements in Lithuanian language) and Kleiderkreisel (statements in German language) was analysed and compared using the discourse analysis method which later led to recognition of different types of crises and the different crisis communication models that were applied. Due to the reason, that the data of Vinted covers 2016–2017 and the data of Kleiderkreisel covers 2014–2016, it allows to see the outcomes of both cases of crisis and further communication. In 2019 Vinted has received a new investment and became the first Unicorn in Baltic countries. Because the company grows further in the year 2020, it can be presumed that communication and managements strategies applied in the years of crisis were correct.
{"title":"Discourse Analysis of External Crisis Communication in Vinted: Lithuanian and Germany Case","authors":"Greta Garnytė","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Quite many companies or organisations experience smaller or larger crises for an abundance of various reasons and yet a situation is not immediately named a crisis as such, even though the signs are rather clear. That was the case with the crisis communication of Vinted. The research aimed to analyse the external crisis communication in Vinted (as mother company in Lithuania) and Kleiderkreisel (as daughter company in Germany) for the topic is hardly analysed, especially linguistically. The material for crisis communication in Vinted was gathered from the articles in business news portal Verslo žinios (www.vz.lt) and the material for the analysis of crisis communication in Kleiderkreisel was gathered from the official Kleiderkreisel internet forum. It was noticed that the types of crises are different and because of that companies choose different ways for communication, meaning that where and how the company communicates with its community was influenced by the type of crisis itself. Communication of Vinted (statements in Lithuanian language) and Kleiderkreisel (statements in German language) was analysed and compared using the discourse analysis method which later led to recognition of different types of crises and the different crisis communication models that were applied. Due to the reason, that the data of Vinted covers 2016–2017 and the data of Kleiderkreisel covers 2014–2016, it allows to see the outcomes of both cases of crisis and further communication. In 2019 Vinted has received a new investment and became the first Unicorn in Baltic countries. Because the company grows further in the year 2020, it can be presumed that communication and managements strategies applied in the years of crisis were correct.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"140 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43697131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of enquiry studying comparatively and systematically the universal constraints and global mechanisms on the one hand (Zuckermann, 2003; 2009; 2020), and particularistic peculiarities and cultural relativist idiosyncrasies on the other, apparent in linguistic reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration across various sociological backgrounds, all over the globe (Zuckermann, 2020; Zuckermann & Walsh, 2011; 2014). The article focuses on the crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics. It provides examples from the field that demonstrate the complexity of the revivalist’s work and how the revivalist’s work is distinct from that of the documentary linguist. Too many documentary linguists mislead themselves to believe that they can easily be revivalists too. But there are two crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics, which are at war between themselves: (1) Whereas documentary linguists put the language at the centre, revivalists put the language custodians at the centre. (2) Whereas in documentary linguistics the Indigenous/minority people have the knowledge of the language, in revivalistics the revivalist is the one with that knowledge. Given that the Aboriginal/minority people are the language custodians, and given that the language custodians are at the centre of the revivalistic enterprise, the revivalist must be extremely sensitive. A revivalist is not only a linguist but also a psychologist, social worker, teacher, driver, schlepper, financial manager, cook, waiter, babysitter, donor etc. A revivalist must have a heart of gold, “balls” of steel and the patience of a saint. Language revival is similar to co-parenting. But the revivalist is only a step-father. The important biological mother is the Indigenous/minority community. If you are the step-father and your spouse, who is the biological mother, makes what you perceive to be a mediocre decision with regard to your children, you cannot just disapprove of it. After all, the children are your spouse’s more than they are yours. You must work together for the best possible outcome. Similarly, if the community supports a decision that is not linguistically viable, the revivalist can try to inspire the community members, but must accept their own verdict. That would be difficult for a documentary linguist with poor social skills.
{"title":"Revivalistics is Not Documentary Linguistics","authors":"G. Zuckermann","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of enquiry studying comparatively and systematically the universal constraints and global mechanisms on the one hand (Zuckermann, 2003; 2009; 2020), and particularistic peculiarities and cultural relativist idiosyncrasies on the other, apparent in linguistic reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration across various sociological backgrounds, all over the globe (Zuckermann, 2020; Zuckermann & Walsh, 2011; 2014). The article focuses on the crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics. It provides examples from the field that demonstrate the complexity of the revivalist’s work and how the revivalist’s work is distinct from that of the documentary linguist. Too many documentary linguists mislead themselves to believe that they can easily be revivalists too. But there are two crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics, which are at war between themselves: (1) Whereas documentary linguists put the language at the centre, revivalists put the language custodians at the centre. (2) Whereas in documentary linguistics the Indigenous/minority people have the knowledge of the language, in revivalistics the revivalist is the one with that knowledge. Given that the Aboriginal/minority people are the language custodians, and given that the language custodians are at the centre of the revivalistic enterprise, the revivalist must be extremely sensitive. A revivalist is not only a linguist but also a psychologist, social worker, teacher, driver, schlepper, financial manager, cook, waiter, babysitter, donor etc. A revivalist must have a heart of gold, “balls” of steel and the patience of a saint. Language revival is similar to co-parenting. But the revivalist is only a step-father. The important biological mother is the Indigenous/minority community. If you are the step-father and your spouse, who is the biological mother, makes what you perceive to be a mediocre decision with regard to your children, you cannot just disapprove of it. After all, the children are your spouse’s more than they are yours. You must work together for the best possible outcome. Similarly, if the community supports a decision that is not linguistically viable, the revivalist can try to inspire the community members, but must accept their own verdict. That would be difficult for a documentary linguist with poor social skills.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The research analyses incongruent Polish and British criminal law terms. British terms are the names of legal institutions characteristic of three independent legal systems: of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Polish terms that have been discussed come from the Polish Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997 No. 88 item 553). Moreover, they are legal terms pursuant to their interpretation by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The English equivalents under analysis have appeared in four Polish Criminal Code translations into English. The research aims at a verification of whether or not the classification of translation methods applied in the Polish-English translation of incongruent succession and family law terms (called civil law terms) (Kizińska, 2015, p. 175–178) encompasses translation methods used in the process of translation of incongruent law terms characteristic of criminal law into English. In the paper the translation method is interpreted according to the definition by Hejwowski (2004, p. 76). In the theoretical part of the paper the following linguistic phenomena have been presented: a term (by Zmarzer & Lukszyn, 2001, p. 9) and incongruity of terms (by Šarčević, 1989, p. 278). In the initial stage of the analysis the definitions of a given Polish term and its suggested equivalents have been compared. Next, the appearance of a given equivalent in the sources of British law texts as well as the English language has been checked to determine the translation methods used while forming a given equivalent. Finally, the list of translation methods applied has been drafted, to conclude, among other things, that the translation methods presented in the above-mentioned typology of translation methods applied in the translation of incongruent civil law terms from Polish into English are to be determined as exclusively primary or secondary.
{"title":"Translation Methods Applied to Approach the Incongruity of Terms in Polish and British Criminal Law","authors":"Anna Kizińska","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The research analyses incongruent Polish and British criminal law terms. British terms are the names of legal institutions characteristic of three independent legal systems: of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Polish terms that have been discussed come from the Polish Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997 No. 88 item 553). Moreover, they are legal terms pursuant to their interpretation by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The English equivalents under analysis have appeared in four Polish Criminal Code translations into English. The research aims at a verification of whether or not the classification of translation methods applied in the Polish-English translation of incongruent succession and family law terms (called civil law terms) (Kizińska, 2015, p. 175–178) encompasses translation methods used in the process of translation of incongruent law terms characteristic of criminal law into English. In the paper the translation method is interpreted according to the definition by Hejwowski (2004, p. 76). In the theoretical part of the paper the following linguistic phenomena have been presented: a term (by Zmarzer & Lukszyn, 2001, p. 9) and incongruity of terms (by Šarčević, 1989, p. 278). In the initial stage of the analysis the definitions of a given Polish term and its suggested equivalents have been compared. Next, the appearance of a given equivalent in the sources of British law texts as well as the English language has been checked to determine the translation methods used while forming a given equivalent. Finally, the list of translation methods applied has been drafted, to conclude, among other things, that the translation methods presented in the above-mentioned typology of translation methods applied in the translation of incongruent civil law terms from Polish into English are to be determined as exclusively primary or secondary.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"210 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leire Ituiño Aguirre, Karin Van der Worp, Eider Saragueta, Oihane Galdos, Artzai Gaspar
Summary Multilingual environments and migration have led to an increasing number of multilingual students, and consequently, to a need to take the varying linguistic repertoire of students into account in education. The aim of the present study is to explore Linguistically Sensitive Teaching (LST) as a possible linguistically inclusive approach and to examine how LST is perceived by pre-service primary teachers in the multilingual context of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), where the majority language, Spanish; the minority language, Basque; and the foreign language, English are included in the curriculum, all while some students might have other additional home languages that are not part of the curriculum. The methodological approach is a qualitative research study, in which data have been collected among a group of pre-service primary teachers from the BAC through written reflections, focus groups and observations. The results show the perceptions of the pre-service teachers on education policies in relation to linguistically sensitive teaching practices, good practices identified during their school placements, possibilities to promote Linguistically Sensitive Teaching in the classroom, the role of the minority language Basque in LST, and the threats, challenges and opportunities perceived in LST. It is concluded that despite some basic notions of LST, the lack of in-depth knowledge of pre-service teachers is visible, advocating for the need to include formation on LST in Initial Teacher Training.
{"title":"Linguistically Sensitive Teaching in a Multilingual Context: Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers of the Basque Autonomous Community","authors":"Leire Ituiño Aguirre, Karin Van der Worp, Eider Saragueta, Oihane Galdos, Artzai Gaspar","doi":"10.2478/sm-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Multilingual environments and migration have led to an increasing number of multilingual students, and consequently, to a need to take the varying linguistic repertoire of students into account in education. The aim of the present study is to explore Linguistically Sensitive Teaching (LST) as a possible linguistically inclusive approach and to examine how LST is perceived by pre-service primary teachers in the multilingual context of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), where the majority language, Spanish; the minority language, Basque; and the foreign language, English are included in the curriculum, all while some students might have other additional home languages that are not part of the curriculum. The methodological approach is a qualitative research study, in which data have been collected among a group of pre-service primary teachers from the BAC through written reflections, focus groups and observations. The results show the perceptions of the pre-service teachers on education policies in relation to linguistically sensitive teaching practices, good practices identified during their school placements, possibilities to promote Linguistically Sensitive Teaching in the classroom, the role of the minority language Basque in LST, and the threats, challenges and opportunities perceived in LST. It is concluded that despite some basic notions of LST, the lack of in-depth knowledge of pre-service teachers is visible, advocating for the need to include formation on LST in Initial Teacher Training.","PeriodicalId":52368,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Multilingualism","volume":"18 1","pages":"45 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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