espanolEl articulo analiza el impacto de las reformas borbonicas en la politica frente a los extranjeros en Hispano-America. Se examina los principales mecanismos del gobierno de Felipe V, Fernando VI y Carlos III para controlar los procesos migratorios en America: la naturalizacion y la legislacion frente a los extranjeros. Referente a la naturalizacion se describe los cambios que dicha practica experimentaba a lo largo del siglo XVII, por ejemplo la desaparicion de la Composicion y el aparecer de un nuevo instrumento, las Cartas de tolerancia. Con la legislacion se pretendia cerrar los huecos por los cuales los extranjeros intentaban evadir una expulsion de America. Tanto los cambios en los procesos de naturalizacion como los cambios en la legislacion tenian el objetivo de fortalecer la soberania del Rey sobre la admision legal de los extranjeros en America. No obstante, en la practica las autoridades americanas aun disponian de muchos recursos para tolerar por si mismo a extranjeros. EnglishThe article examines the impact of the early Bourbon reforms on the politics towards foreigners in Spanish America. It reconstructs two of the main governmental instruments to control migration: naturalization procedures and legislation on foreigners. Regarding the naturalization practice, the article describes the changes it experienced during the eighteenth century, such as the non-application of the Composicion and the newly introduced instrument of the Cartas de tolerancia. Legislation aimed to close gaps by which foreigners so far had tried to avoid an expulsion from America. Both, changes in naturalization procedures and legislation finally should strengthen the king’s sovereignty concerning the legal admission of foreigners. Nevertheless, in practice the American authorities still held many resources to tolerate foreigners by their own. Keywords:
{"title":"Extranjeros in Amerika - Gesetzgebung und bourbonische Reformpolitik","authors":"M. Biersack","doi":"10.15460/JBLA.54.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/JBLA.54.27","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo analiza el impacto de las reformas borbonicas en la politica frente a los extranjeros en Hispano-America. Se examina los principales mecanismos del gobierno de Felipe V, Fernando VI y Carlos III para controlar los procesos migratorios en America: la naturalizacion y la legislacion frente a los extranjeros. Referente a la naturalizacion se describe los cambios que dicha practica experimentaba a lo largo del siglo XVII, por ejemplo la desaparicion de la Composicion y el aparecer de un nuevo instrumento, las Cartas de tolerancia. Con la legislacion se pretendia cerrar los huecos por los cuales los extranjeros intentaban evadir una expulsion de America. Tanto los cambios en los procesos de naturalizacion como los cambios en la legislacion tenian el objetivo de fortalecer la soberania del Rey sobre la admision legal de los extranjeros en America. No obstante, en la practica las autoridades americanas aun disponian de muchos recursos para tolerar por si mismo a extranjeros. EnglishThe article examines the impact of the early Bourbon reforms on the politics towards foreigners in Spanish America. It reconstructs two of the main governmental instruments to control migration: naturalization procedures and legislation on foreigners. Regarding the naturalization practice, the article describes the changes it experienced during the eighteenth century, such as the non-application of the Composicion and the newly introduced instrument of the Cartas de tolerancia. Legislation aimed to close gaps by which foreigners so far had tried to avoid an expulsion from America. Both, changes in naturalization procedures and legislation finally should strengthen the king’s sovereignty concerning the legal admission of foreigners. Nevertheless, in practice the American authorities still held many resources to tolerate foreigners by their own. Keywords:","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"34 1","pages":"281-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85619055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Without doubt, since its very beginning, the 20th century has been a century of violence. Latin America, too, partook in that experience. This can be illustrated clearly by paying attention to the Mexican Revolution. The protracted civil war in which the various factions fought during many years demanded even more victims per capita than the First World War in all the belligerent European countries. In fact, the Mexican case emphasized that there was no possibility to keep out of the global spiral of violence that during the war years reached a hitherto unknown dimension and went beyond war-torn Europe or single nation states. In order to obtain a more detailed understanding of the interpretive models of the World War developed in Latin America and especially in Mexico, a consideration of the circumstances of cruelty in the subcontinent in the early decade of 1910 appears to be important. This does not mean to establish a causal connection between the developments in Mexico and the World War. However, an analysis of the viewpoint of numerous contemporaries reveals that both events were linked to a world in crisis. From the contemporaries’ perspective, a wave of violence had caught the whole globe and underpinned the end of its self-certainty. This article aims to depict the Mexican perceptions and connotations of the First World War while considering the specific regional circumstances and the interactions between global transformations and local experiences. For Mexico, in particular, the war appeared to be inserted in a period of social revolutionary turmoil and political disturbance, which reached its peak between 1917 and 1919. This process opened up new spaces for understanding the role of the nation as well as for its position in a world which was profoundly changing.
{"title":"Globalizing Violence: The Mexican Revolution and the First World War","authors":"Stefan Rinke, Karina Kriegesmann","doi":"10.15460/JBLA.54.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/JBLA.54.15","url":null,"abstract":"Without doubt, since its very beginning, the 20th century has been a century of violence. Latin America, too, partook in that experience. This can be illustrated clearly by paying attention to the Mexican Revolution. The protracted civil war in which the various factions fought during many years demanded even more victims per capita than the First World War in all the belligerent European countries. In fact, the Mexican case emphasized that there was no possibility to keep out of the global spiral of violence that during the war years reached a hitherto unknown dimension and went beyond war-torn Europe or single nation states. In order to obtain a more detailed understanding of the interpretive models of the World War developed in Latin America and especially in Mexico, a consideration of the circumstances of cruelty in the subcontinent in the early decade of 1910 appears to be important. This does not mean to establish a causal connection between the developments in Mexico and the World War. However, an analysis of the viewpoint of numerous contemporaries reveals that both events were linked to a world in crisis. From the contemporaries’ perspective, a wave of violence had caught the whole globe and underpinned the end of its self-certainty. This article aims to depict the Mexican perceptions and connotations of the First World War while considering the specific regional circumstances and the interactions between global transformations and local experiences. For Mexico, in particular, the war appeared to be inserted in a period of social revolutionary turmoil and political disturbance, which reached its peak between 1917 and 1919. This process opened up new spaces for understanding the role of the nation as well as for its position in a world which was profoundly changing.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"4 1","pages":"39-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90738469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article studies the reaction of the governments, and, in some cases, of the public opinion of the more politically active countries in South America, when confronted with the Mexican revolutionary movements of 1910. It follows the steps of the reformists processes, strongly oriented towards the left side of the political spectrum, from the beginning of the 1920’s until the years of the Spanish Civil War. The central argument proposes that the South American governments, most of them from an oligarchic-rightist extraction, firmly allied with the United States, maintained diplomatic missions in Mexico City basically due to the country’s condition of a laboratory for radical leftist reforms that could very well spread to the south of the continent. Information was needed to prevent contamination. Furthermore, the article discusses the opportunity of the so-called Mexican Revolution represented for the failed efforts of the ABC block – Argentina, Brazil, Chile – towards the consolidation as the hegemonic political formation of Latin America, and the role the overheated political environment of Mexico City played in the re-enacting of South America’s old territorial disputes.
{"title":"La recepción de la Revolución Mexicana en América del Sur","authors":"G. Palacios","doi":"10.15460/JBLA.54.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/JBLA.54.22","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the reaction of the governments, and, in some cases, of the public opinion of the more politically active countries in South America, when confronted with the Mexican revolutionary movements of 1910. It follows the steps of the reformists processes, strongly oriented towards the left side of the political spectrum, from the beginning of the 1920’s until the years of the Spanish Civil War. The central argument proposes that the South American governments, most of them from an oligarchic-rightist extraction, firmly allied with the United States, maintained diplomatic missions in Mexico City basically due to the country’s condition of a laboratory for radical leftist reforms that could very well spread to the south of the continent. Information was needed to prevent contamination. Furthermore, the article discusses the opportunity of the so-called Mexican Revolution represented for the failed efforts of the ABC block – Argentina, Brazil, Chile – towards the consolidation as the hegemonic political formation of Latin America, and the role the overheated political environment of Mexico City played in the re-enacting of South America’s old territorial disputes.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"55 1","pages":"81-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85642424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This paper proposes to study the early-modern Portuguese magistracy to demonstrate a specific character of the Portuguese imperial experience which resided in an intense circulation of its agents, either between different colonial territories, either between the colonies and mainland Portugal. It underlines the precociousness of its bureaucratization, which derives from the notion of royal service and its non-transactional nature, since the early 16th century. The paper elaborates on the role played by magistrates and their circulation in the construction of a common juridical space that is built by the Portuguese crown throughout the early-modern period in its overseas territories. It ends up proposing some exploratory methodologies to map and measure the construction and extension of this bureaucratic network, making use of both prosopographical data and network analysis methods.
{"title":"Administração da Justiça em espaços coloniais. A experiência imperial portuguesa e os seus juízes, na época moderna","authors":"Nuno Camarinhas","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2015-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2015-0107","url":null,"abstract":"– This paper proposes to study the early-modern Portuguese magistracy to demonstrate a specific character of the Portuguese imperial experience which resided in an intense circulation of its agents, either between different colonial territories, either between the colonies and mainland Portugal. It underlines the precociousness of its bureaucratization, which derives from the notion of royal service and its non-transactional nature, since the early 16th century. The paper elaborates on the role played by magistrates and their circulation in the construction of a common juridical space that is built by the Portuguese crown throughout the early-modern period in its overseas territories. It ends up proposing some exploratory methodologies to map and measure the construction and extension of this bureaucratic network, making use of both prosopographical data and network analysis methods.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"52 1","pages":"109 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This article studies the frontier region of the Argentine city of Corrientes based on the concept of centre and periphery. It analyzes the level of autonomy this region obtained in all matters regarding its defense. The article focusses on the way local authorities, indigenous groups, Jesuits and citizens of Corrientes contributed to the defense of the border. One important group were the milicias guaraníes, combat units consisting of indigenous who were considered indios amigos and therefore were allowed to carry weapons. Investigating on this microlevel local answers to problems concerning the interests of the monarchy, allows us a deeper insight into the general dynamics of peripheral territories, especially frontier regions and their practices. Analizando un microcosmos fronterizo: características e historiografía El Nordeste rioplatense era un territorio complejo y periférico de la monarquía hispana. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en estudiar esta región desde los conceptos de centro y periferia, para entender el grado de autonomía que alcanzaron estas tierras en cuanto a su defensa2. Como mencionan 1 Una primera versión de este trabajo fue presentado en el Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores UAM. “Conectando” el Mundo Atlántico: redes, barreras e intercambio (1492–1830), organizado por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y celebrado en dicha ciudad entre los días 2 y 4 de abril de 2014. Los comentarios y sugerencias recibidos nos permitieron ampliar dicha ponencia al presente artículo, agradecemos especialmente los aportes del Dr. Bartolomé Yun Casalilla en este sentido. 2 Desde el punto de vista militar son numerosos los estudios recientes que han propuesto la descentralización de la defensa de fronteras en los imperios, a partir del análisis de las negociaciones e intereses que imperaban en cada uno de esos territorios. Entre estos tra60 Fernando Ariel Pozzaglio y Pedro Miguel Omar Svriz Wucherer Amy Turner Bushnell y Jack P. Greene, esta autonomía de las periferias no sólo derivó de la debilidad de los recursos coercitivos de la metrópoli y la distancia del centro sino también del dominio de los colonos de las estructuras de autoridad a nivel local. Estas estructuras de autoridad surgieron del esfuerzo de los colonos para construir organizaciones políticas de estilo europeo en el Nuevo Mundo3. Si bien estos autores exponen estas ideas en relación a Gran Bretaña y sus colonias consideramos que esta configuración de la agency de los colonos, también puede aplicarse al imperio español4. Imperio que nos plantea una paradoja en la época moderna. Incrementa la concentración de poder en un centro cada vez más reducido, al mismo tiempo que crece su dependencia de las fuerzas sociales periféricas5. Para superar esta dicotomía, al historiador le resta, según Xavier Gil Pujol, “estudar o impacto do Estado moderno no microcosmo da vida local”6. Nos centraremos entonces en un microcosmos del nordeste rioplatense, la ciudad de Corr
民兵不是租来的部队，也不是常备军，因此在稳定部队和这些临时部队之间建立了明确的界限。见Marcela gonzalez, Las milicias, origen y organizacion durante la colonia (cordoba 1995)，第13页。《捍卫政治文化边界》。因此，我们将把地方和地区的历史与君主制对这些外围地区的政策联系起来。因此，遵循Sanjai Subrahmayan提出的连接历史的指导方针，研究葡萄牙帝国在亚洲的土地科伦特斯位于该地区的边界，代表了布宜诺斯艾利斯省真正的“外围的外围”10(地图2)。这意味着，面对来自大查科印第安人(guaycurues, payaguas, abipones等)的攻击，Corrientes的居民显然只能依靠自己的资源来防御。副州长和cabildo是科伦特斯的最高政治当局，负责协调动员居民和居民组成所谓的城市民兵。这一活动实现了双重目的:保护城市免受攻击，同时加强其居民之间的等级制度和政治社会联系。这些民兵是每个人的社会地位的真实表现。除了这些城市民兵，在针对查科印第安人的防御或进攻动员中，所谓的友好印第安人发挥了非常重要的作用。这些印第安人充当西班牙军队或“盟友”的辅助部队，有时在没有西班牙士兵直接参与的情况下作战。然而，袭击的规模、科伦特斯居民的无能或我们将研究的其他因素，在某些情况下，地方当局不得不请求附近的耶稣会武装印第安人的帮助，称为瓜拉尼民兵。这些动员使保卫科伦特斯变得更加复杂，并迫使我们建立新的联系和利益，包括耶稣会成员和他们的小印第安人的联系和利益，为这个城市和地区。在这一点上，我们应该注意到，史学关注的是分析该地区的人口区域(地图2)，如jose Javier Ruiz ibanez，“introduction: las Milicias y el Rey de espana”:Ruiz ibanez, las Milicias(注2)，第9 - 38页，这里:第13页。9参见Sanjay Subrahmanyam，“连通的历史”。《早期现代欧亚大陆重构的注释》:现代亚洲研究31:3(1997)，第735 - 762页。10我们指的是玛丽·卡拉什的作品《外围的外围?Vila Boa de goias, 1780 - 1835”:Daniels/Kennedy编，谈判帝国(注3)，143 - 169页。在欧洲和美国的不同地区，有大量的研究对城市民兵的这一特征进行了研究。引用鲁伊斯ibanez的著作《民兵》(注2);它汇集了最近在这方面的贡献。12 Cristophe Giudicelli，“友好的印第安人”和天主教君主制的美国边境的殖民动员(16 - 17世纪)”:Ruiz ibanez, las milicias(注2)，349 - 377页，这里:349页。62费尔南多·阿里尔·波扎格里奥和佩德罗·米格尔·奥马尔·斯维里兹·乌切勒，但从我们的角度来看，他们之间没有联系。关于科伦特斯的历史，我们发现了一些被认为是经典的研究，如曼努埃尔·曼提拉和hernan gomez，主要集中在政治方面，这种兴趣也反映在后来几年的一些历史资料的出版上。在他的研究中，Ernesto Maeder专注于这个城市及其地区的总督经济，尽管他的分析始于前几个世纪，给了我们一个非常完整的主题全景。毫无疑问这些研究的补充分析具体规定的印度人民correntina16区域,其中永久合作与劳动为城市,也可以观察到人口往来流动和印第安chaqueños区。劳尔Labougle17的早期研究非常突出,但遭到海上避碰规则》所作的最新Teresa Cañedo callahan和maria Laura Salinas,那些已经获得了一个更准确的社会关系层面和工作情况,在这些土著人民与Corrientes18居民的关系。对于Nuestra senora de itati的减少，Ernesto Maeder设法对某些耶稣会的减少进行了人口比较19，但特别是13参见Manuel F。 Mantilla，《科伦特斯省历史编年史》，第一卷(布宜诺斯艾利斯，1928年);hernan gomez，科连特斯省的历史。从城市的建立到五月革命(Corrientes 1929)。14我们特别提到出版
{"title":"Defendiendo una frontera La ciudad de Corrientes, milicias e indios chaqueños, Siglos XVII–XVIII","authors":"F. Pozzaglio, Pedro Miguel Omar Svriz Wucherer","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0106","url":null,"abstract":"– This article studies the frontier region of the Argentine city of Corrientes based on the concept of centre and periphery. It analyzes the level of autonomy this region obtained in all matters regarding its defense. The article focusses on the way local authorities, indigenous groups, Jesuits and citizens of Corrientes contributed to the defense of the border. One important group were the milicias guaraníes, combat units consisting of indigenous who were considered indios amigos and therefore were allowed to carry weapons. Investigating on this microlevel local answers to problems concerning the interests of the monarchy, allows us a deeper insight into the general dynamics of peripheral territories, especially frontier regions and their practices. Analizando un microcosmos fronterizo: características e historiografía El Nordeste rioplatense era un territorio complejo y periférico de la monarquía hispana. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en estudiar esta región desde los conceptos de centro y periferia, para entender el grado de autonomía que alcanzaron estas tierras en cuanto a su defensa2. Como mencionan 1 Una primera versión de este trabajo fue presentado en el Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores UAM. “Conectando” el Mundo Atlántico: redes, barreras e intercambio (1492–1830), organizado por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y celebrado en dicha ciudad entre los días 2 y 4 de abril de 2014. Los comentarios y sugerencias recibidos nos permitieron ampliar dicha ponencia al presente artículo, agradecemos especialmente los aportes del Dr. Bartolomé Yun Casalilla en este sentido. 2 Desde el punto de vista militar son numerosos los estudios recientes que han propuesto la descentralización de la defensa de fronteras en los imperios, a partir del análisis de las negociaciones e intereses que imperaban en cada uno de esos territorios. Entre estos tra60 Fernando Ariel Pozzaglio y Pedro Miguel Omar Svriz Wucherer Amy Turner Bushnell y Jack P. Greene, esta autonomía de las periferias no sólo derivó de la debilidad de los recursos coercitivos de la metrópoli y la distancia del centro sino también del dominio de los colonos de las estructuras de autoridad a nivel local. Estas estructuras de autoridad surgieron del esfuerzo de los colonos para construir organizaciones políticas de estilo europeo en el Nuevo Mundo3. Si bien estos autores exponen estas ideas en relación a Gran Bretaña y sus colonias consideramos que esta configuración de la agency de los colonos, también puede aplicarse al imperio español4. Imperio que nos plantea una paradoja en la época moderna. Incrementa la concentración de poder en un centro cada vez más reducido, al mismo tiempo que crece su dependencia de las fuerzas sociales periféricas5. Para superar esta dicotomía, al historiador le resta, según Xavier Gil Pujol, “estudar o impacto do Estado moderno no microcosmo da vida local”6. Nos centraremos entonces en un microcosmos del nordeste rioplatense, la ciudad de Corr","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"37 1","pages":"59 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78338509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– In this paper, we analyze the role of the Argentine diplomats in promoting exports during First World War in order to contrast it with their behavior along the previous period. We start with a summary of Argentine export performance, both in products and destinations. Then, we divide the study over diplomacy in three aspects: communication, action and prediction. The empirical evidence on which we based our study is particularly the unpublished documentation of Diplomatic and Consular Series, found in Argentine Foreign Affairs Ministry Archive. “La acción, un tanto restringida de las funciones de los Consulados, debería ampliarse, haciéndose de ellos el vehículo natural para todo aquello que tenga una faz comercial”.1
-在本文中，我们分析了阿根廷外交官在第一次世界大战期间促进出口的作用，以便将其与他们在前一时期的行为进行对比。我们首先总结一下阿根廷的出口表现，包括产品和目的地。然后，我们将外交研究分为三个方面:沟通、行动和预测。我们的研究所依据的经验证据，特别是在阿根廷外交部档案馆中发现的未发表的外交和领事系列文件。“las acción, untanto to restringida de las功能和领事，debería amplious, haci和andres de ello vehículo natural para todo aquello que tenja faz commercial”
{"title":"Los diplomáticos y el comercio de exportación argentino durante la Primera Guerra Mundial","authors":"Agustina Rayes","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0113","url":null,"abstract":"– In this paper, we analyze the role of the Argentine diplomats in promoting exports during First World War in order to contrast it with their behavior along the previous period. We start with a summary of Argentine export performance, both in products and destinations. Then, we divide the study over diplomacy in three aspects: communication, action and prediction. The empirical evidence on which we based our study is particularly the unpublished documentation of Diplomatic and Consular Series, found in Argentine Foreign Affairs Ministry Archive. “La acción, un tanto restringida de las funciones de los Consulados, debería ampliarse, haciéndose de ellos el vehículo natural para todo aquello que tenga una faz comercial”.1","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"1 3 1","pages":"255 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78253763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This research project addresses the political participation of artists and artisans in Quito in the mid–1800’s, during what’s known as the “March” national governments, especially under the rule of José María Urvina (1851–1856) and Francisco Robles (1856–1859). The first section examines the role of the so called Sociedades Democráticas as places of sociability and political learning, where literate lettered artists and artisans gathered with the members of the political and publishing elites. There, they applied the concepts, keywords, values and practices from liberalism. The second section studies the 1845 Revolution commemoration speeches, written by members of the Sociedades Democráticas, which reflected their requirements for building an egalitarian, democratic and Catholic political community. Finally, the third section examines the newspaper El Artesano (1857–1859), published by former members of the Sociedades Democráticas, to analyze their efforts to participate in the public debates of Quito. The purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which the liberal official discourse was appropriated and transformed by the members of the Sociedades Democráticas according to their own political expectations and identities, and how these meaning constructs shaped a local version of Catholic liberalism. * Agradezco los valiosos comentarios de Juan Maiguashca y Pablo Ospina; así como la colaboración de Tatiana Salazar y Ligia Caicedo para la obtención de las fuentes documentales requeridas para este ensayo. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el fondo para investigaciones del Comité de Investigaciones de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB, Quito) y forma parte de un proyecto más amplio de la autora, en el que se estudian las tempranas experiencias liberales en Ecuador de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, desde una perspectiva transnacional y de historia cruzadas. 186 Galaxis Borja González
-本研究项目涉及19世纪中期基多艺术家和工匠的政治参与，在所谓的“三月”国家政府期间，特别是在jos María Urvina(1851-1856)和Francisco Robles(1856-1859)的统治下。第一部分考察了所谓的Sociedades Democráticas作为社交和政治学习场所的作用，有文化的艺术家和工匠与政治和出版精英成员聚集在一起。在那里，他们运用了自由主义的概念、关键词、价值观和实践。第二部分研究了Sociedades Democráticas成员撰写的1845年革命纪念演讲，这些演讲反映了他们对建立平等、民主和天主教政治共同体的要求。最后，第三部分考察了由Sociedades Democráticas前成员出版的报纸El Artesano(1857-1859)，以分析他们参与基多公共辩论的努力。本文的目的是考察自由主义官方话语是如何被Sociedades Democráticas的成员根据他们自己的政治期望和身份挪用和转化的，以及这些意义建构如何塑造了天主教自由主义的地方版本。*胡安·马瓜什卡和巴勃罗·奥斯皮纳;así como la colaboración de Tatiana Salazar和Ligia Caicedo para la obtención de las fuentes documentales requesidas para este enayo。埃斯特找工作哈sido financiado将作为这些活动的几率el洋底对位investigaciones del拉西德investigaciones de la大学Andina西蒙•玻利瓦尔(UASB,基多)y形式组成部分指出联合国mas amplio de la autora en el, se estudian las tempranas experiencias自由在厄瓜多尔de la第十九届只要del siglo desde una perspectiva transnacional y de cruzadas史学家。186 Galaxis Borja González
{"title":"“Sois libres, sois iguales, sois hermanos” Sociedades democráticas en Quito de mediados del siglo XIX","authors":"B. González","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0110","url":null,"abstract":"– This research project addresses the political participation of artists and artisans in Quito in the mid–1800’s, during what’s known as the “March” national governments, especially under the rule of José María Urvina (1851–1856) and Francisco Robles (1856–1859). The first section examines the role of the so called Sociedades Democráticas as places of sociability and political learning, where literate lettered artists and artisans gathered with the members of the political and publishing elites. There, they applied the concepts, keywords, values and practices from liberalism. The second section studies the 1845 Revolution commemoration speeches, written by members of the Sociedades Democráticas, which reflected their requirements for building an egalitarian, democratic and Catholic political community. Finally, the third section examines the newspaper El Artesano (1857–1859), published by former members of the Sociedades Democráticas, to analyze their efforts to participate in the public debates of Quito. The purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which the liberal official discourse was appropriated and transformed by the members of the Sociedades Democráticas according to their own political expectations and identities, and how these meaning constructs shaped a local version of Catholic liberalism. * Agradezco los valiosos comentarios de Juan Maiguashca y Pablo Ospina; así como la colaboración de Tatiana Salazar y Ligia Caicedo para la obtención de las fuentes documentales requeridas para este ensayo. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el fondo para investigaciones del Comité de Investigaciones de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB, Quito) y forma parte de un proyecto más amplio de la autora, en el que se estudian las tempranas experiencias liberales en Ecuador de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, desde una perspectiva transnacional y de historia cruzadas. 186 Galaxis Borja González","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"1 1","pages":"185 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85916238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This article studies a public funeral in different cities of Argentina. It shows the power of the Unión Civica Radical (U.C.R.) at mobilizing a population, and the importance of local political experiences in the generation of political identities. Analyzing the transnational repercussion of the death it is argued that the dead body became a symbol for the path many Latin-American political regimes took: a changing from a liberal republic to a dictatorship. From the analysis of a particular death, the article revises some interpretations of the first mass political party in Argentina, it sustains the need to embed history into a bigger context and proposes a dynamic reading of funeral rites.
{"title":"“Su pueblo llora, América se inclina”: la eficacia política de una muerte argentina","authors":"S. Gayol","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0114","url":null,"abstract":"– This article studies a public funeral in different cities of Argentina. It shows the power of the Unión Civica Radical (U.C.R.) at mobilizing a population, and the importance of local political experiences in the generation of political identities. Analyzing the transnational repercussion of the death it is argued that the dead body became a symbol for the path many Latin-American political regimes took: a changing from a liberal republic to a dictatorship. From the analysis of a particular death, the article revises some interpretations of the first mass political party in Argentina, it sustains the need to embed history into a bigger context and proposes a dynamic reading of funeral rites.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"214 4","pages":"283 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72416916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This research seeks first, to explain the effects generated by Independence in Arequipa and the magnitude of the economic crisis in the region during the early years of republican life; years also characterized by the arrival of a large group of European traders in the city, including some Germans from the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Bremen. Second, to learn more about German migration to Arequipa in the first half of the nineteenth century, through the activities of one of its most prominent members, bremense Christopher William
{"title":"Entre la crisis económica y la migración alemana. Las actividades del comerciante Cristóbal Guillermo Schutte en Arequipa, 1827–1850","authors":"Víctor Condori","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0109","url":null,"abstract":"– This research seeks first, to explain the effects generated by Independence in Arequipa and the magnitude of the economic crisis in the region during the early years of republican life; years also characterized by the arrival of a large group of European traders in the city, including some Germans from the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Bremen. Second, to learn more about German migration to Arequipa in the first half of the nineteenth century, through the activities of one of its most prominent members, bremense Christopher William","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"15 1","pages":"143 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dibujando la nación desdibujando al enemigo. Imágenes de movilización bélica en la prensa de guerra paraguaya, 1867–1868","authors":"M. Johansson","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"67 1","pages":"211 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91368866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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