– While the history of Chinese immigrants in Cuba since 1847 has been investigated by a number of studies that have focused primarily on the coolie trade and on the immigration wave of the 1920s, the history of Chinese immigrants and their descendants in revolutionary Cuba after 1959 still remains a field of study worthy of exploration. During the first years of the Cuban revolution a class struggle developed that hit the Chinese community in Havana’s Chinatown and overlapped with the ideological and political disputes stemming from the Chinese revolution. This article shows how the struggle for power in this Chinese migrant community was shaped by the agency of its members that partly got enlisted in a “Chinese Popular Militia” and how this clash was framed by national and transnational dynamics. At the same time, the aim of this article is to elucidate whether and how ethnic identity was used as a political resource, and describes the different ways in which ethnic self-attribution on a personal level and constructions of identity on a national level entangled and interacted in this dynamic setting. This is of special interest, as the demands of national unity under the flag of a new revolutionary identity did not necessarily seem compatible with the self-attributions of individuals that also stressed their personal identity, as did many Chinese Cubans. La historia de los inmigrantes chinos en Cuba ha sido tratada por un buen número de estudios que se enfocaron principalmente en la trata de los culíes (1847–1874) y, en menor grado, en la inmigración de los años 1920.2 Sin 1 Partes de este artículo se publicaron en: Albert Manke, “Chinese in the Cuban revolution: An ethnically marked political mobilization?”: University of Cologne Forum ‘Ethnicity as a Political Resource’ (ed.), Ethnicity as a political resource. Conceptualizations across disciplines, regions, and periods (Bielefeld 2015), pp. 237–252. 2 María Isabel Chong Martínez, La migración china hacia Cuba 1850–1930 (México 1986); José Baltar Rodríguez, Los chinos de Cuba. Apuntes etnográficos (La Habana 1997). Kathleen López escribió la primera visión en conjunto sobre los chinos en Cuba entre 1847 y finales
-虽然自1847年以来在古巴的中国移民的历史已经被一些研究调查，主要集中在苦力贸易和20世纪20年代的移民浪潮，但中国移民及其后裔在1959年后革命古巴的历史仍然是一个值得探索的研究领域。在古巴革命的头几年里，哈瓦那唐人街的华人社区爆发了一场阶级斗争，并与中国革命引发的意识形态和政治争端重叠。这篇文章展示了这个中国移民社区的权力斗争是如何被部分加入“中国人民民兵”的成员所塑造的，以及这种冲突是如何被国家和跨国动态所框框的。同时，本文旨在阐明族群认同是否以及如何被用作一种政治资源，并描述在这一动态背景下，个人层面的族群自我归因与国家层面的族群认同建构相互纠缠和互动的不同方式。这是特别令人感兴趣的，因为在新的革命身份旗帜下的民族团结的要求似乎不一定与同样强调其个人身份的个人的自我归因相一致，正如许多华裔古巴人一样。La史学家de los inmigrantes斜纹棉布裤,古巴哈sido tratada将作为这些活动的联合国早上的工厂化,se enfocaron疾病en La trata de los culies (1847 - 1874) y, menor级,en La inmigracion de los岁1920.2罪1部分德埃斯特危象se publicaron en:阿尔伯特·让“中国在古巴革命:一个种族标志着政治动员吗?:科隆大学论坛“族裔作为政治资源”(编)，族裔作为政治资源。跨学科、地区和时期的概念化(Bielefeld 2015)，第237-252页。2 María Isabel Chong Martínez, La migración中国哈瓦那1850-1930(1986年);josore Baltar Rodríguez, Los chinos de Cuba。Apuntes etnográficos (La Habana 1997)。凯瑟琳López escribió la primera visión en conjunto sobre los chinos在古巴进入1847年的决赛
{"title":"Etnización y revolución: La lucha por el poder entre los inmigrantes chinos en Cuba durante la Guerra Fría","authors":"Albert Manke","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0117","url":null,"abstract":"– While the history of Chinese immigrants in Cuba since 1847 has been investigated by a number of studies that have focused primarily on the coolie trade and on the immigration wave of the 1920s, the history of Chinese immigrants and their descendants in revolutionary Cuba after 1959 still remains a field of study worthy of exploration. During the first years of the Cuban revolution a class struggle developed that hit the Chinese community in Havana’s Chinatown and overlapped with the ideological and political disputes stemming from the Chinese revolution. This article shows how the struggle for power in this Chinese migrant community was shaped by the agency of its members that partly got enlisted in a “Chinese Popular Militia” and how this clash was framed by national and transnational dynamics. At the same time, the aim of this article is to elucidate whether and how ethnic identity was used as a political resource, and describes the different ways in which ethnic self-attribution on a personal level and constructions of identity on a national level entangled and interacted in this dynamic setting. This is of special interest, as the demands of national unity under the flag of a new revolutionary identity did not necessarily seem compatible with the self-attributions of individuals that also stressed their personal identity, as did many Chinese Cubans. La historia de los inmigrantes chinos en Cuba ha sido tratada por un buen número de estudios que se enfocaron principalmente en la trata de los culíes (1847–1874) y, en menor grado, en la inmigración de los años 1920.2 Sin 1 Partes de este artículo se publicaron en: Albert Manke, “Chinese in the Cuban revolution: An ethnically marked political mobilization?”: University of Cologne Forum ‘Ethnicity as a Political Resource’ (ed.), Ethnicity as a political resource. Conceptualizations across disciplines, regions, and periods (Bielefeld 2015), pp. 237–252. 2 María Isabel Chong Martínez, La migración china hacia Cuba 1850–1930 (México 1986); José Baltar Rodríguez, Los chinos de Cuba. Apuntes etnográficos (La Habana 1997). Kathleen López escribió la primera visión en conjunto sobre los chinos en Cuba entre 1847 y finales","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"1 1","pages":"353 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72504406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– As part of the generation of Europeans who became interested in their ancestors in America, Hoffmann belonged to the group of laypeople who initiated the investigation into the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. Solid and substantially formed he lived in difficult times, which were probably decisive for him, moving to Argentina. There he developed his multifaceted literary work of which we deal in particular its contribution to jesuit historiography about Fr. Anton Sepp, Martin Schmid and the christianization of the chiquitos.
作为对他们在美国的祖先感兴趣的那一代欧洲人的一部分，霍夫曼属于一群发起调查巴拉圭耶稣会传教活动的俗人。他生活在一段艰难的时期，这段时期对他来说可能是决定性的，他搬到了阿根廷。在那里，他发展了多方面的文学作品，我们将特别讨论他对耶稣会史学的贡献，关于Fr. Anton Sepp, Martin Schmid和chiquitos的基督教化。
{"title":"Werner Hoffmann (1907–1989) y su aporte a la historiografía jesuita-guaraní/chiquitana","authors":"C. Page","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0116","url":null,"abstract":"– As part of the generation of Europeans who became interested in their ancestors in America, Hoffmann belonged to the group of laypeople who initiated the investigation into the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. Solid and substantially formed he lived in difficult times, which were probably decisive for him, moving to Argentina. There he developed his multifaceted literary work of which we deal in particular its contribution to jesuit historiography about Fr. Anton Sepp, Martin Schmid and the christianization of the chiquitos.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"66 1","pages":"329 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75978295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that a document classified with the name Títulos Primordiales de Acazulco is a copy made in the 19th Century in the Mexican National Archives of the Códice Techialoyan 731 that belonged to the community of Santa María Tepezoyuca and is now presently in the Bodemer Library in Geneva Switzerland. Furthermore I have made a transcript of the 19th Century copy of the Códice Techialoyan 731, which is being published for the first time and to be found in the appendix.
-本文的主要目的是证明一份编号为Títulos Primordiales de Acazulco的文件是19世纪在墨西哥国家档案馆Códice Techialoyan 731的副本，该文件属于Santa María Tepezoyuca社区，目前存放在瑞士日内瓦的Bodemer图书馆。此外，我还制作了一份Códice Techialoyan 731的19世纪副本的抄本，该副本首次出版，可在附录中找到。
{"title":"Títulos Primordiales de Acazulco y Tepehuexoyuca o el Códice Techialoyan 731","authors":"M. M. Bornemann","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0104","url":null,"abstract":"– The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that a document classified with the name Títulos Primordiales de Acazulco is a copy made in the 19th Century in the Mexican National Archives of the Códice Techialoyan 731 that belonged to the community of Santa María Tepezoyuca and is now presently in the Bodemer Library in Geneva Switzerland. Furthermore I have made a transcript of the 19th Century copy of the Códice Techialoyan 731, which is being published for the first time and to be found in the appendix.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"35 1","pages":"15 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80950037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– The systematic installation of agricultural colonies based on European immigrants in Santa Fe province during the second half of the nineteenth century paved the way for the consolidation of an extensive rainfed agriculture over the fertile Argentine pampas. In this process a group of German land entrepreneurs played a crucial role. This paper aims to make new contributions to the analysis of these actors by working on two case studies, which represent different moments of the evolution of the colonization process. We use deeds of sales and private accounts to study the different logics of action in the market, the variation of profit rates, risks levels and business viability.
{"title":"Un agente clave de la expansión agrícola en las Pampas. Empresarios de colonización en la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX","authors":"Juan Luis Martirén","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0112","url":null,"abstract":"– The systematic installation of agricultural colonies based on European immigrants in Santa Fe province during the second half of the nineteenth century paved the way for the consolidation of an extensive rainfed agriculture over the fertile Argentine pampas. In this process a group of German land entrepreneurs played a crucial role. This paper aims to make new contributions to the analysis of these actors by working on two case studies, which represent different moments of the evolution of the colonization process. We use deeds of sales and private accounts to study the different logics of action in the market, the variation of profit rates, risks levels and business viability.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"82 1","pages":"227 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85967308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen. – This essay’s main aim is to analyze the Spanish endeavors to encourage the institutionalization of the Spanish-Chinese axis through Cape Horn and the reasons that conspired against its achievement during much of the colonial period. This paper is organized in three sections. In the first one we deal with the plans that were found in Spain between the end of the 16th and mid 18th centuries, seeking to establish Cape Horn and South Americana ports as a staging post in commercial communications between Spain and the Philippines. The second one deals with the role non-Spanish Europeans played in this regard. Finally, we put forward what we believe to be the major reason to why the southern transcontinental cape cross as an institutional axis failed to be translated into a viable alternative by the Spanish monarchy until the last decades of the century XVIIII.
{"title":"Geopolítica y comercio colonial: El frustrado eje por el cabo de hornos entre España y China","authors":"Mariano Bonialian","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. – This essay’s main aim is to analyze the Spanish endeavors to encourage the institutionalization of the Spanish-Chinese axis through Cape Horn and the reasons that conspired against its achievement during much of the colonial period. This paper is organized in three sections. In the first one we deal with the plans that were found in Spain between the end of the 16th and mid 18th centuries, seeking to establish Cape Horn and South Americana ports as a staging post in commercial communications between Spain and the Philippines. The second one deals with the role non-Spanish Europeans played in this regard. Finally, we put forward what we believe to be the major reason to why the southern transcontinental cape cross as an institutional axis failed to be translated into a viable alternative by the Spanish monarchy until the last decades of the century XVIIII.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"21 1","pages":"37 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– The following article examines German military presence in Colombia between 1929 and 1940. The military cooperation between these two countries is to be understood not only as part of institutional relations and nation state interests but also as a broadening of the space of experience. On the one hand the Colombian state interest in these relationships lay in modernization perspectives, on the other hand, Germany emerged as a point of reference for the Colombian military. The role model position of Germany for Colombia was established through networks of communication and learning processes over large distances. Three German military missions visited Colombia in that decade but also journals and many articles reached the country. The exchange with the Germans was considered a great success by the Colombians, which reflects the fact, that the Germans are praised constantly. But there was a strong competition with other countries. World War II was about to start and the Americans exerted a dominant influence due to more favorable geographical conditions so that the days of the German military presence were numbered. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar las diversas maneras que tuvo la presencia militar alemana en Colombia de 1929 a 1940, presencia que era parte no solamente de las excelentes relaciones entre los dos países,1 sino también, de un mundo cada vez más conectado en donde cualquier diferenciación es construida sobre un referente. Aquellos que se sienten atrasados tienden a mirar más allá de sus fronteras para poder importar y adaptar bienes culturales. En la medida en que se compara con el más avanzado “occidental” se intenta alcanzarlo. Se construyen así redes que forman la base del proceso de aprendizaje y de comunicación en largas dis1 Una síntesis sobre las buenas relaciones, Luis E. Bosemberg, “Alemania y Colombia. 1933–1939”: Iberoamericana: América Latina-España-Portugal 21 (2006), pp. 25–44. Como complemento a este artículo véase del mismo autor, “Militares colombianos en la Alemania nazi. 1934–1937”: Memoria y Sociedad 19 : 38 (2015), pp. 41–56. 308 Luis E. Bosemberg tancias y que permiten ver tanto formas de intercambio institucionalizadas y consolidadas,2 así como a personajes e instituciones diversos en unos espacios interrelacionados. La asimetría social, cultural y económica entre los dos países no impide la comunicación, es más, la estimula. En este artículo están presentes los intereses nacionales pero también la visión del otro y la admiración. Nos preguntaremos, ¿qué intereses había de ambos lados?; ¿quiénes eran dichos militares y qué lograron? y, finalmente, ¿qué condujo a la disminución de esa presencia? Para 1910 los alemanes pensaban que sus misiones militares en el norte de Suramérica eran una barrera que evitaría la expansión de los Estados Unidos.3 Y en la década de los 1930, ¿tenían una política definida? Escribió en 1932 el jefe de la subdivisión latinoamericana del Ministerio de Relaciones Exte
6 AA Reichskriegsministerium, 1936年2月29日,Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes柏林,以下简称PA / AA, R 79209、AA Militärangelegenheiten Columbien, 1930—1936年,Bd。2、Politik 13。德国在哥伦比亚的军事存在，1929 - 1940年即,军事关系的发展似乎是优先—没有在外交政策方面的各种意见。¿哥伦比亚们想要什么?哥伦比亚缓慢徘徊在现代化的道路,因而杂志纪念军参谋长中不得不考虑“没有在现代社会文学比后者大屠杀期间的德国和德国人职业生涯不desmerecer表明他的战士,他们是战争,此外,一门科学”.8有一个青年军官表示钦佩。一致认为该说法FBI9记忆和美国布莱Spruille大使奥托·冯·居Hentig.11 10部长还一目了然,厄尔部长冯Podewils12指将军的访问德国施罗德这年轻人oficiales.13之间留下一个好印象哥伦比亚人崇尚军事武器特性及德国和希望与他们建立了联系。老史和背景故事是关于参与国在拉丁美洲军队建设。德国在第一次世界大战前已派出特派团prusianizar”其他军队,反对franco-peruana军事经验和销售armamento.141886年在智利通过了德语学校与埃米尔Körner的真正Kriegsakademie与30多个德国军官。7 Aufzeichnungüber die Zusammenkunft der deutschen Missionschefs von Argentinien Brasilien、智利、乌拉圭und in蒙得维的亚28点。und 29。胡利,1938 Akten》Deutschen Auswärtigen Politik, 1918年—1945年,D系列(1937—1945),1953年第五Bd(巴登)pp. 726—730。8“5as栏”—纪念参谋部9/10:33(1943年),pp. 399—401。9联邦调查局，美国司法部:哥伦比亚共和国。Totalitarian影响。, 1942年3月,富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin d . Roosevelt)总统Library,哈利·霍普金斯Papers, FBI Reports,哥伦比亚,Box 141 338 pp. 10 Spruille布莱登,Diplomats与Demagogues(1971年),纽约pp. 206—207。11德国外长弗兰克-瓦尔特AA, 1935年1月9日(注6)。首席部长指德国公使馆—外交代表权。这Hentig 1934—1936年。12 Podewils有1928年到1934年的职务。13 Podewils AA, 1929年8月19日,在Abteilung(辨认)、Militärangelegenheiten Columbien、Politik 13, 1921年—1930、奈良Records of the德国外交部收到by the省局of State, T 120 4006配乐。14弗雷德里克·m . Nunn,昨天́s Soldiers。欧洲Military Professionalism in South America, 1890年—1940年(1983年),伦敦pp. 111—112。310路易斯·e . Bosemberg哥伦比亚加强了公共开放在1891年军事学院军官培训招聘德文Sophus Hoeg Warming师炮兵和美国上校恩里克r . Lemly作为你的导演。智利军事任务通过哥伦比亚与alemanes.15方法从那些威望是以后者。哥伦比亚人都非常相信出后面从欧洲军队是高于国家Unidos.16哥伦比亚总统卫队仍使用一个鼓舞人心的报告prusiana区分其金属头盔携一串—Pikelhaube。教学指南手册,17军事组织主要由弗朗西斯科·j . diaz Valderrama爵士和队长佩德罗Charpín竞争对手智利,他们根据德国的底漆,是军事学校基本文本Colombia.18在1910年“课程”,迪亚斯图作为老师的课程的“据点”和“历史”和“军事,在1911年军事历史”和“战术”.19哥伦比亚已经有一个外国军事任务的故事。1891年至1933年法国两个(1896年和1919年—1921年智利)、4(1907—1909、1911年,1912年—1913年和1914年—1915)和瑞士(1924年—1928).201925年一目了然,这艘战舰的柏林访问哥伦比亚在第一次世界大战之后应该到达15 Adolfo狮子atehortua教员/ Humberto velez、国家和军队在哥伦比亚卡利1886年,1953—(1994年)、pp. 36, 55—86。关于智利和瑞士代表团Adolfo狮子atehortua影响、国家军队建设在哥伦比亚麦德林,1907—1930 (2009)pp. 35ss 133—152、194ss;费伦茨·普Fischer,”德国军事科学的扩充在南美洲。 德国和智利之间的军事合作和智利在拉丁美洲国家的亲德军事任务(1885 - 1914):费伦茨·菲舍尔，普鲁士军事模式和l
{"title":"Presencia militar alemana en Colombia, 1929–1940","authors":"L. E. Bosemberg","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0115","url":null,"abstract":"– The following article examines German military presence in Colombia between 1929 and 1940. The military cooperation between these two countries is to be understood not only as part of institutional relations and nation state interests but also as a broadening of the space of experience. On the one hand the Colombian state interest in these relationships lay in modernization perspectives, on the other hand, Germany emerged as a point of reference for the Colombian military. The role model position of Germany for Colombia was established through networks of communication and learning processes over large distances. Three German military missions visited Colombia in that decade but also journals and many articles reached the country. The exchange with the Germans was considered a great success by the Colombians, which reflects the fact, that the Germans are praised constantly. But there was a strong competition with other countries. World War II was about to start and the Americans exerted a dominant influence due to more favorable geographical conditions so that the days of the German military presence were numbered. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar las diversas maneras que tuvo la presencia militar alemana en Colombia de 1929 a 1940, presencia que era parte no solamente de las excelentes relaciones entre los dos países,1 sino también, de un mundo cada vez más conectado en donde cualquier diferenciación es construida sobre un referente. Aquellos que se sienten atrasados tienden a mirar más allá de sus fronteras para poder importar y adaptar bienes culturales. En la medida en que se compara con el más avanzado “occidental” se intenta alcanzarlo. Se construyen así redes que forman la base del proceso de aprendizaje y de comunicación en largas dis1 Una síntesis sobre las buenas relaciones, Luis E. Bosemberg, “Alemania y Colombia. 1933–1939”: Iberoamericana: América Latina-España-Portugal 21 (2006), pp. 25–44. Como complemento a este artículo véase del mismo autor, “Militares colombianos en la Alemania nazi. 1934–1937”: Memoria y Sociedad 19 : 38 (2015), pp. 41–56. 308 Luis E. Bosemberg tancias y que permiten ver tanto formas de intercambio institucionalizadas y consolidadas,2 así como a personajes e instituciones diversos en unos espacios interrelacionados. La asimetría social, cultural y económica entre los dos países no impide la comunicación, es más, la estimula. En este artículo están presentes los intereses nacionales pero también la visión del otro y la admiración. Nos preguntaremos, ¿qué intereses había de ambos lados?; ¿quiénes eran dichos militares y qué lograron? y, finalmente, ¿qué condujo a la disminución de esa presencia? Para 1910 los alemanes pensaban que sus misiones militares en el norte de Suramérica eran una barrera que evitaría la expansión de los Estados Unidos.3 Y en la década de los 1930, ¿tenían una política definida? Escribió en 1932 el jefe de la subdivisión latinoamericana del Ministerio de Relaciones Exte","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"10 1","pages":"307 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81542349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In memoriam: Manfred Mols (1935–2016)","authors":"Nikolaus Werz","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"18 1","pages":"11 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88283976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– This research investigates the Spanish American governmental offices in the period 1701–1720, analysing quantitatively the offices provided, the number of sales of offices, the method for obtaining them, their economic expenditure, their distribution in the American courts and several features of the public officials mentioned (their place of origin, social position and Spanish-American experience among others). A remarkable aspect is the assessment of the venality, distinguishing between the designations obtained from money and those which met the merits and services of the applicants. It is also relevant to compare the information of this period with the previous one (1674–1700) so as to evaluate the evolution of the sale of offices system and the increasing presence of natives of Latin America (”criollos”) in the government offices. Con los Borbones en el trono español comenzó una etapa de reformismo general aunque ciertas prácticas políticas ejercidas a gran escala por el último monarca Austria siguieron activas, entre ellas la venalidad al proveer los cargos indianos de gobierno, es decir, su concesión por dinero, sistema que ya Carlos II utilizó para recortar el gravísimo déficit de la Hacienda peninsular. Durante el siglo XVII esta fórmula de obtener fondos se aplicó al nombramiento de titulares para los oficios indianos de gobierno, hacienda y justicia, además de la milicia y otros ámbitos.1 Por la Cámara de Indias o por sí 1 Para el siglo XVII, Fernando Muro Romero, “El beneficio de oficios públicos con jurisdicción en Indias. Notas sobre sus orígenes”: Anuario de Estudios Americanos 35 (1978), pp. 1–67; más reciente Ángel Sanz Tapia, ¿Corrupción o necesidad? La venta de cargos de gobierno indianos bajo Carlos II (1674–1700) (Madrid 2009); idem, “Provisión, beneficio y venta de oficios americanos de Hacienda (1632–1700)”: Revista Complutense de Historia de América 37 (2011), pp. 145–172; idem, “La justicia en venta. El beneficio de cargos americanos de audiencia bajo Carlos II (1683–1700)”: Anuario de Estudios Americanos 69 : 1 (2012), pp. 63–90; e idem: “Balance general sobre el beneficio de cargos estatales americanos en el siglo XVII. El caso de la audiencia de Quito”: Sandra Olivero/José Luis Caño (eds.), Temas americanistas. Historia y diversidad cultural (Sevilla 2015), pp. 109–122.
-本研究调查了1701-1720年期间西班牙裔美国政府办事处，定量分析了所提供的办事处，办事处的销售数量，获得办事处的方法，其经济支出，在美国法院的分布以及所提到的公职人员的几个特征(他们的原籍地，社会地位和西班牙裔美国人的经历等)。一个值得注意的方面是对贪污的评估，区分从金钱获得的指定和那些符合申请人的优点和服务的指定。将这一时期的信息与前一时期(1674-1700年)的信息进行比较也是相关的，以便评估办公室销售制度的演变以及拉丁美洲原住民(“criollos”)在政府办公室中越来越多的存在。1 .在维也纳举行的联合会议español comenzó在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上prácticas políticas在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上，在维也纳举行的联合会议上。Durante el siglo 17 esta fórmula de obtener fondos se aplicó al nombriento de titulares para officicios de gobierno, hacienda y司法，además de la miliciia y otros ámbitos.11 Para el siglo 17, Fernando Muro Romero，“el benefo de officicios públicos con jurisdicción en india”。“noas sobre sus orígenes”:《美洲研究公报》第35(1978)，第1-67页;más收件人Ángel Sanz Tapia，¿Corrupción o necesidad?La venta de cargos de gobierno indianos bajo Carlos II(1674-1700)(马德里2009);idem，“Provisión，受益于美洲庄园(1632-1700)”，《美洲庄园历史复评》37(2011)，第145-172页;我的观点是，“正义是永恒的”。《cargos americos de audiencia bajo Carlos II(1683-1700)》:Anuario de Estudios americos 69: 1 (2012)， pp. 63-90;标题:“平衡一般货物的所有权和收益权，建立美洲人的所有权和收益权。”《基多的观众之家》:Sandra Olivero/ jos Luis Caño(编)，Temas americanistas。《文化多元史》(塞维利亚，2015)，第109-122页。
{"title":"Venalidad y presencia criolla en cargos americanos de gobierno, 1701–1720","authors":"Á. Tapia","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0107","url":null,"abstract":"– This research investigates the Spanish American governmental offices in the period 1701–1720, analysing quantitatively the offices provided, the number of sales of offices, the method for obtaining them, their economic expenditure, their distribution in the American courts and several features of the public officials mentioned (their place of origin, social position and Spanish-American experience among others). A remarkable aspect is the assessment of the venality, distinguishing between the designations obtained from money and those which met the merits and services of the applicants. It is also relevant to compare the information of this period with the previous one (1674–1700) so as to evaluate the evolution of the sale of offices system and the increasing presence of natives of Latin America (”criollos”) in the government offices. Con los Borbones en el trono español comenzó una etapa de reformismo general aunque ciertas prácticas políticas ejercidas a gran escala por el último monarca Austria siguieron activas, entre ellas la venalidad al proveer los cargos indianos de gobierno, es decir, su concesión por dinero, sistema que ya Carlos II utilizó para recortar el gravísimo déficit de la Hacienda peninsular. Durante el siglo XVII esta fórmula de obtener fondos se aplicó al nombramiento de titulares para los oficios indianos de gobierno, hacienda y justicia, además de la milicia y otros ámbitos.1 Por la Cámara de Indias o por sí 1 Para el siglo XVII, Fernando Muro Romero, “El beneficio de oficios públicos con jurisdicción en Indias. Notas sobre sus orígenes”: Anuario de Estudios Americanos 35 (1978), pp. 1–67; más reciente Ángel Sanz Tapia, ¿Corrupción o necesidad? La venta de cargos de gobierno indianos bajo Carlos II (1674–1700) (Madrid 2009); idem, “Provisión, beneficio y venta de oficios americanos de Hacienda (1632–1700)”: Revista Complutense de Historia de América 37 (2011), pp. 145–172; idem, “La justicia en venta. El beneficio de cargos americanos de audiencia bajo Carlos II (1683–1700)”: Anuario de Estudios Americanos 69 : 1 (2012), pp. 63–90; e idem: “Balance general sobre el beneficio de cargos estatales americanos en el siglo XVII. El caso de la audiencia de Quito”: Sandra Olivero/José Luis Caño (eds.), Temas americanistas. Historia y diversidad cultural (Sevilla 2015), pp. 109–122.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"32 1","pages":"116 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– The strong impact the press was able to develop on the public opinion during the XVIIIth century is a matter of common knowledge. Also during the Spanish American revolutionary period, the printed media proved to be a useful tool for spreading reformative ideas, as newspapers like the Gaceta de Buenos Aires show. So the press exerted an outstanding influence on the construction of public awareness on the topics they were able to implement. To deepen current knowledge on the discursive strategies displayed by Buenos Ayrean press and its effects on the discourse regarding national identity, this article analyzes both the early representation of Fernando VII’s and the characterization of colonial times before the Revolution. It aims to show how the image of the king, his officials, the former legal system and protocol issues were depicted with a politically-driven purpose during the crucial years from 1810 to 1816.
-在18世纪，新闻界能够对公众舆论产生强大的影响，这是一个常识问题。同样在西班牙美洲革命时期，印刷媒体被证明是传播改革思想的有用工具，就像《布宜诺斯艾利斯晚报》(Gaceta de Buenos Aires)这样的报纸所展示的那样。因此，新闻媒体在其所能实施的话题上，对公众意识的建构发挥了突出的影响。为了加深目前对布宜诺斯艾利斯媒体所展示的话语策略及其对国家认同话语的影响的了解，本文分析了费尔南多七世的早期表现和革命前殖民时代的特征。它旨在展示在1810年至1816年的关键时期，国王、他的官员、以前的法律体系和礼仪问题是如何被政治驱动的目的所描绘的。
{"title":"A visão de Fernando VII e o passado espanhol entre a emancipação e a independência (1810–1816)","authors":"Sandra L. Díaz de Zappia","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2016-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2016-0108","url":null,"abstract":"– The strong impact the press was able to develop on the public opinion during the XVIIIth century is a matter of common knowledge. Also during the Spanish American revolutionary period, the printed media proved to be a useful tool for spreading reformative ideas, as newspapers like the Gaceta de Buenos Aires show. So the press exerted an outstanding influence on the construction of public awareness on the topics they were able to implement. To deepen current knowledge on the discursive strategies displayed by Buenos Ayrean press and its effects on the discourse regarding national identity, this article analyzes both the early representation of Fernando VII’s and the characterization of colonial times before the Revolution. It aims to show how the image of the king, his officials, the former legal system and protocol issues were depicted with a politically-driven purpose during the crucial years from 1810 to 1816.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"16 1","pages":"117 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84386020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– In recent years, specialists in this field have concurred that it is necessary to pay greater attention to the close relationship which existed between the jurisdictional model that prevailed in a given time and place and the political regimen that imposed it, aspects that constitute two faces of the same coin. Therefore, the present study adopts this perspective to focus on the transcendence exercised by the regimen of the intendencias and subdelegaciones introduced by the Bourbon monarchs, first on the Iberian peninsula and later in its overseas possessions, for this is a fundamental piece in our understanding of the political and territorial process that the new nations of the Americas underwent during the period of emancipation in the 19th century. „Las objeciones de mayor alcance venían, obviamente, del Consejo de Castilla: la consolidación del orden intendencial, por su directa dependencia de la vía reservada de Hacienda y su impronta administrativista, sustraía del control del Consejo parcelas cruciales de la administración territorial, instaurando además una auténtica subversión de los propios fundamentos organizativos de la monarquía.“1
- -近年来，这一领域的专家一致认为，必须更加注意在特定时间和地点普遍存在的司法模式与强加这种模式的政治制度之间存在的密切关系，这是一个问题的两个方面。因此，本研究采用这一视角，将重点放在波旁王朝君主引入的意向国和次代表国制度所行使的超越之上，首先是在伊比利亚半岛，后来是在其海外属地，因为这是我们理解19世纪解放时期美洲新国家所经历的政治和领土过程的一个基本部分。”拉斯维加斯objeciones德市长alcance venian、obviamente del Consejo德卡斯提拉:la consolidacion del orden intendencial,即他们directa dependencia de la via reservada德苏大庄园y impronta administrativista, sustraia▽控制▽Consejo parcelas关键de la administracion领土,instaurando除了una autentica subversion de los自动fundamentos organizativos de la monarquia。“1
{"title":"El régimen de intendencias en el marco de las monarquías hispanas","authors":"R. Sotelo","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2015-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2015-0108","url":null,"abstract":"– In recent years, specialists in this field have concurred that it is necessary to pay greater attention to the close relationship which existed between the jurisdictional model that prevailed in a given time and place and the political regimen that imposed it, aspects that constitute two faces of the same coin. Therefore, the present study adopts this perspective to focus on the transcendence exercised by the regimen of the intendencias and subdelegaciones introduced by the Bourbon monarchs, first on the Iberian peninsula and later in its overseas possessions, for this is a fundamental piece in our understanding of the political and territorial process that the new nations of the Americas underwent during the period of emancipation in the 19th century. „Las objeciones de mayor alcance venían, obviamente, del Consejo de Castilla: la consolidación del orden intendencial, por su directa dependencia de la vía reservada de Hacienda y su impronta administrativista, sustraía del control del Consejo parcelas cruciales de la administración territorial, instaurando además una auténtica subversión de los propios fundamentos organizativos de la monarquía.“1","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"39 1","pages":"125 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7767/jbla-2015-0108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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