Geography and Sustainability最新文献_第3页

Proactive adaptation to climate change in landscape configuration and agricultural management optimization: A case study of agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China 景观配置对气候变化的主动适应与农业管理优化——以中国北方农牧交错带为例

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100373

Jianmin Qiao , Yuhang Gao , Ziyan Lv , Zidong Tang , Shike Xie , Qian Cao , Xiao Sun

Optimizing landscape patterns and management measures would be an effective strategy for the agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China (ATNC) to adapt to future climate change. Existing studies generally focus on cropland or pasture, and thus there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the landscape composition and configuration in complex agro-pastoral transitional zone. In this study, Ansai County in the ATNC was chosen as an experimental area. Four typical agroecosystem services (AESs), food provision (FP), soil carbon (SC), soil retention (SR) and water yield (WY) from 1980 to 2020, were simulated by spatially integrating a model of the agricultural system using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) combined with geographic information systems technology. The impacts of different crop types, pasture configurations, and tillage practices on AESs under future climate scenarios were assessed in the context of agro-pastoral transition. Finally, the optimal landscape pattern configuration and management measures were identified through single-objective and multi-objective optimization models. The results showed that under historical scenarios, implementing policies such as converting cropland to pastureland improved SC and SR but reduced FP and WY. Compared to traditional and reduced tillage, no-till practices benefited the enlargement of AESs and the agricultural ecosystem. Notably, future climate change generally negatively affected AESs, especially under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP5–8.5) climate scenario. The combination of planting corn and no-till measures would be ideal for optimizing the agricultural ecosystem in Ansai County. For the fragile ATNC, we should advocate conservation agriculture and policies converting cropland to pastureland to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate changes. This study establishes a replicable framework to address landscape management in complex agropastoral systems and offers solutions for climate-resilient land management in global dryland transitional zones, contributing to the realization of regional ecosystem sustainability.

优化景观格局和管理措施将是中国北方农牧交错带适应未来气候变化的有效策略。现有研究主要集中在农田或牧场，缺乏对复杂农牧交错带景观组成和配置的全面认识。本研究选择安塞县为试验区。利用环境政策综合气候（EPIC）与地理信息系统技术相结合的农业系统空间整合模型，对1980 ~ 2020年的粮食供应（FP）、土壤碳（SC）、土壤保持率（SR）和产水量（WY） 4种典型农业生态系统服务进行了模拟。在农牧过渡背景下，评估了未来气候情景下不同作物类型、牧草配置和耕作方式对农业生态系统的影响。最后，通过单目标和多目标优化模型确定了最优景观格局配置和管理措施。结果表明：在历史情景下，退耕还草等政策的实施提高了土壤SC和SR，降低了土壤FP和WY；与传统和少耕相比，免耕有利于扩大农业生态系统和农业生态系统。值得注意的是，未来气候变化普遍对AESs产生负面影响，特别是在共享社会经济路径（SSP5-8.5）气候情景下。玉米种植与免耕措施相结合是优化安塞县农业生态系统的理想选择。对于脆弱的亚太地区，我们应该提倡保护性农业和将耕地转为牧场的政策，以减轻气候变化的不利影响。本研究为解决复杂农牧系统景观管理问题建立了可复制的框架，并为全球旱地过渡带气候适应型土地管理提供了解决方案，有助于实现区域生态系统的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Escalating socioeconomic exposure to extreme heat in China: A CMIP6-based analysis of future heatwaves across regions and scenarios 中国日益加剧的极端高温社会经济暴露：基于cmip6的跨区域和情景未来热浪分析

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100374

Shan Zou , Fubao Sun , Philippe De Maeyer , Tim Van De Voorde , Weili Duan

The future increased frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) across China will exacerbate adverse effects on society and the environment. However, changes in socioeconomic exposure remain underexplored. In this study, climate model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), together with population and gross domestic product (GDP) projections were used to investigate projected heat stress and socioeconomic exposure across China and its eight subregions under four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) over three periods (2021–2040, 2051–2070, and 2081–2100). Our results indicate a consistent upward trend in the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) across all scenarios, with intensifying increases over time, peaking at > 6 °C. This suggests a continuous increase in the number of extreme heat events (EHEs) in China. Population exposure to EHEs across the four UTCI thresholds (> 26 °C, > 32 °C, > 38 °C, and > 46 °C) shows an increasing trend. Projections indicate a ∼14-fold increase nationwide, 500-fold increase in Northwest China (NWC), and a 1000-fold in Southwest China (SWC2) under SSP5–8.5 by 2081–2100 compared with current levels. The eastern and southeastern regions, especially the Yangtze River and Pearl River Delta, show significant GDP exposure increases under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5. Population exposure is mainly driven by climatic effects under severe scenarios, whereas GDP exposure is influenced by interaction effects, particularly under SSP5–8.5 and during the 2090s. This study’s findings offer actionable insights for targeted adaptation in China’s diverse geographies.

未来中国各地热浪频率和强度的增加将加剧对社会和环境的不利影响。然而，社会经济风险的变化仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用耦合模式比对项目第6阶段（CMIP6）的气候模式输出，结合人口和国内生产总值（GDP）预测，研究了在4种共享社会经济路径（SSP）情景（SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5）下3个时期（2021-2040、2051-2070和2081-2100）中国及其8个子区域的热应力和社会经济暴露预测。我们的研究结果表明，在所有情景下，通用热气候指数（UTCI）都呈持续上升趋势，并随着时间的推移而加剧，在6°C时达到峰值。这表明中国的极端高温事件（EHEs）数量持续增加。在四个UTCI阈值（> 26°C、> 32°C、>； 38°C和>； 46°C）上，人群暴露于EHEs呈增加趋势。预估表明，到2081-2100年，在SSP5-8.5下，与当前水平相比，全国范围内将增加~ 14倍，西北地区（NWC）将增加500倍，西南地区（SWC2）将增加1000倍。在SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5下，东部和东南部地区，特别是长江三角洲和珠江三角洲地区的GDP暴露显著增加。在严重情景下，人口暴露主要受气候影响驱动，而GDP暴露则受相互作用影响，特别是在SSP5-8.5情景下和本世纪90年代。本研究的发现为中国不同地区的针对性适应提供了可操作的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Current status and medium- and long-term variation of soil erosion by water in China 中国水土流失现状与中长期变化

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100372

Huiyun Xu , Xuchao Zhu , Pasquale Borrelli , Longxi Cao , Mingan Shao

Soil erosion is the primary factor causing the loss of soil resources and land degradation. Clarifying the current status of soil erosion in China and the characteristics of future changes under different pathways of development is important to the global management of soil resources, food security, and ecosystem services. We used the revised universal soil loss equation and the most recent and reliable soil and environmental data to characterize soil erosion in China at present and under typical Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways (i.e., SSP1–2.6 and SSP5–8.5) in the medium- and long-term future (2050 and 2100). The current average rate of soil erosion in China was 14.78 t ha^-1 yr^-1, with a total amount of about 14.0 Pg yr^-1. The amount of total erosion increased by 5.0 %, 10.8 %, 9.9 %, and 25.9 % for scenarios 2050_SSP1–2.6, 2050_SSP5–8.5, 2100_SSP1–2.6, and 2100_SSP5–8.5, respectively, compared to the baseline amount in 2010. The contribution of climate change and land use to the increase in erosion ranged from 9.5 % to 31.5 % and -6.95 % to -1.78 %, respectively, with the contribution of climate change about 2.36- to 7.54-fold larger than the contribution of land use. Converting arable barren land into forest and grassland or adopting conservation tillage practices for farmland, could nevertheless effectively offset the increase in erosion under the four future scenarios. This study provides data and a scientific basis for managing soil erosion in China and provides a useful reference for conserving global land resources and formulating policies to cope with climatic and environmental changes.

土壤侵蚀是造成土壤资源流失和土地退化的主要因素。明确中国土壤侵蚀现状及不同发展路径下未来变化特征，对全球土壤资源管理、粮食安全和生态系统服务具有重要意义。利用修正后的通用土壤流失方程和最新可靠的土壤环境数据，对中国目前和典型的共享社会经济路径和代表性浓度路径（即SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5）中长期（2050年和2100年）下的土壤侵蚀进行了表征。目前中国土壤侵蚀的平均速率为14.78 t ha-1 -1，总量约为14.0 Pg -1 -1。在2050_SSP1-2.6、2050_SSP5-8.5、2100_SSP1-2.6和2100_SSP5-8.5情景下，总侵蚀量分别比2010年的基线量增加了5.0%、10.8%、9.9%和25.9%。气候变化和土地利用对侵蚀增加的贡献率分别在9.5% ~ 31.5%和- 6.95% ~ - 1.78%之间，其中气候变化的贡献率约为土地利用贡献率的2.36 ~ 7.54倍。然而，在未来四种情景下，将可耕地变为森林和草地或采取保护性耕作措施可以有效地抵消侵蚀的增加。该研究为中国水土流失治理提供了数据和科学依据，并为保护全球土地资源和制定应对气候和环境变化的政策提供了有益的参考。

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引用次数: 0

A global assessment of the risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people’s lands from solar and wind farms 对太阳能和风力发电场对生物多样性和土著人民土地的风险进行全球评估

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100371

Yuqing Wang , Qian Ding , Xuan Hao , Hongbo Yang , Zelong Qu

The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly. Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions, poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive areas, threatening biodiversity and Indigenous people’s traditional land uses. However, these potential risks associated with wind and solar farm development worldwide are poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the potential biodiversity and Indigenous risks from wind and solar energy development by examining the extent to which global wind and solar farms are situated within or adjacent to socio-ecologically sensitive areas. Our analysis revealed that 13,699 wind and solar farms or 14.4 % of the farms’ total footprint area are within protected areas, critical habitats, and Indigenous people’s lands, occupying a total of 26,840 km² of those socio-ecologically sensitive areas. Wind and solar farms overlap with the distribution ranges of 2,310 threatened amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles, accounting for 36.3 % of the world’s 6,362 threatened vertebrate species. The encroachment of solar and wind farms on sensitive areas mostly occurs in economically developed countries with substantial wind and solar energy facilities, while many developing countries in the tropics tend to have a higher proportion of such farms situated within sensitive areas. Compared to wind farms, solar farms pose greater risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people’s lands. These findings provide valuable insights into the socio-ecological risks of wind and solar energy development and highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the risks.

风能和太阳能在全球能源结构中的份额正在迅速上升。尽管风能和太阳能农场在减少碳排放方面具有巨大潜力，但规划不当的风能和太阳能农场可能会侵占社会生态敏感地区，威胁到生物多样性和土著人民的传统土地利用。然而，这些与全球风能和太阳能发电场发展相关的潜在风险却鲜为人知。在这里，我们通过检查全球风能和太阳能发电场位于社会生态敏感区域内或邻近区域的程度，评估风能和太阳能开发的潜在生物多样性和土著风险。我们的分析显示，13,699个风能和太阳能农场（占农场总足迹面积的14.4%）位于保护区、关键栖息地和土著居民的土地上，占这些社会生态敏感区域的26,840平方公里。风能和太阳能农场与2310种濒危两栖动物、鸟类、哺乳动物和爬行动物的分布范围重叠，占世界6362种濒危脊椎动物的36.3%。太阳能和风力发电场对敏感地区的侵占大多发生在拥有大量风能和太阳能设施的经济发达国家，而热带地区的许多发展中国家往往在敏感地区拥有更高比例的太阳能和风力发电场。与风力发电场相比，太阳能发电场对生物多样性和土著居民的土地构成更大的风险。这些发现为风能和太阳能开发的社会生态风险提供了有价值的见解，并强调了迫切需要制定战略规划来减轻风险。

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引用次数: 0

Exacerbated global surface water stress under climate change 气候变化下全球地表水压力加剧

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100361

Ming Peng , Haipeng Yu , Jianping Huang , Yu Ren , Li Fu

Water stress is expected to intensify due to escalating atmospheric and surface dryness under global warming. Despite extensive research indicate that intensified dryness exacerbates water constraints on ecosystems, the dynamics and underlying mechanisms of surface water stress (SWS) under climate change remain poorly understood. In this study, we use annual evaporative stress as the surface water stress index (WSI) and provide a comprehensive analysis of historical and projected global terrestrial SWS, covering its characteristic changes, driving factors, and impacts on vegetation. Our results show a significant declining trend in WSI during 1982–2014 (-0.0033/decade, p < 0.01), indicating the enhancement of SWS concurrent with a rapid expansion of water stress intensified areas at a rate of 1.85 %/decade (p < 0.01). Using the Budyko-Penman budget framework, we found that the intensification of SWS was primarily driven by an increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and a decrease in precipitation. Furthermore, the intensification of SWS contributed to a decline in vegetation growth, with the extent of areas experiencing increased vegetation water deficit expanding rapidly at a rate of 1.38 % per decade (p < 0.01). In the future, SWS is projected to escalate, with the proportion of areas experiencing intensified SWS increasing from 6.3 % to 24.3 % by the end of the century under the SSP5–8.5. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the drivers of SWS under climate change and its impacts on ecosystems, offering valuable scientific insights for the effective management of water resources.

由于全球变暖导致大气和地表日益干燥，预计水资源压力将加剧。尽管广泛的研究表明，干旱加剧加剧了生态系统的水约束，但气候变化下地表水胁迫（SWS）的动态和潜在机制仍然知之甚少。本研究以年蒸发胁迫作为地表水胁迫指数（WSI），对全球陆地SWS的变化特征、驱动因素以及对植被的影响进行了综合分析。结果表明，1982-2014年WSI呈显著下降趋势（-0.0033/ 10年，p < 0.01），表明SWS增强的同时，水分胁迫加剧区域以1.85% / 10年的速度迅速扩大（p < 0.01）。利用buddyko - penman预算框架，我们发现SWS的增强主要是由水汽压亏缺（VPD）的增加和降水的减少驱动的。此外，SWS的加剧导致植被生长下降，植被水分亏缺增加的面积以每10年1.38%的速度迅速扩大（p < 0.01）。在SSP5-8.5下，预计未来SWS将升级，到本世纪末经历SWS强化的地区比例将从6.3%增加到24.3%。本研究全面分析了气候变化下SWS的驱动因素及其对生态系统的影响，为水资源的有效管理提供了有价值的科学见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects on heat mitigation, energy use, and carbon savings in urban-scale implementations of nature-based solutions 基于自然的解决方案在城市规模实施中对热量缓解、能源使用和碳节约的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100362

Jinwook Chung, Kijune Sung

Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions, making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) that leverage the cooling effect of green spaces to mitigate urban heat are gaining attention as a way to improve urban sustainability in the face of climate change. The study evaluated the urban-scale application of NbS’s impacts on heat mitigation capacity, air temperature, cooling energy, carbon emissions, and carbon sequestration, as well as the resulting economic benefits using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Urban Cooling Model (UCM). Green roofs as building adaptations, land use adaptations such as the expansion of urban parks and roadside green space, forest restoration, and multiple adaptations, which are combinations of building and land use adaptations, were considered applicable NbS. Cool roofs were also studied to compare their effects with other urban green infrastructure. The results showed that simultaneously implementing the multiple adaptation methods is the most effective if the applicable areas are sufficient. Considering the implemented area ratio, urban parks are the most effective single adaptive measure, with energy savings of 14.75, 8.63, and 1.98 times higher than those of 100 % green roofs, cool roofs, and 20 % roadside green space expansions, respectively. Restoring forests (21.29 km²) can yield 4.7 times higher energy savings than installing 100 % green roofs (62 km²). In contrast, deforestation loses more energy and carbon than cool roofs can save. This study can help provide an appropriate strategy for achieving urban carbon neutrality by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sequestration through NbS in addition to relieving urban temperatures.

城市化导致的土地覆盖和能源利用的广泛变化导致城市热条件的不平衡，使城市更容易受到气候变化的影响。基于自然的解决方案（NbS）利用绿地的冷却效应来缓解城市热量，作为面对气候变化提高城市可持续性的一种方式，正受到人们的关注。本研究利用生态系统服务与权衡综合评价（InVEST）城市降温模型（UCM），评估了NbS在城市尺度上对减热能力、气温、制冷能量、碳排放和碳固存的影响，以及由此产生的经济效益。绿色屋顶作为建筑适应性，土地利用适应性，如城市公园和路边绿地的扩展，森林恢复，以及建筑和土地利用适应性的组合，被认为是适用的NbS。还研究了冷屋顶，将其与其他城市绿色基础设施的效果进行比较。结果表明，在适用区域足够的情况下，同时实施多种适应方法是最有效的。从实施面积比来看，城市公园是最有效的单一适应性措施，其节能效果分别是100%绿化屋顶、凉爽屋顶和20%路边绿地扩展的14.75倍、8.63倍和1.98倍。恢复森林（21.29平方公里）的节能效果是安装100%绿色屋顶（62平方公里）的4.7倍。相比之下，砍伐森林损失的能量和碳比凉爽屋顶所能节省的要多。本研究有助于为实现城市碳中和提供一个适当的策略，即通过NbS减少碳排放和增加碳固存，同时降低城市温度。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem-dependent two-stage changes in soil organic carbon stock across the contiguous United States from 1970 to 2014 1970年至2014年美国相邻地区土壤有机碳储量的生态系统依赖两阶段变化

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100359

Feixue Shen , Lin Yang , Lei Zhang , A-Xing Zhu , Xiang Li , Chenconghai Yang , Chenghu Zhou , Yiqi Luo , Shilong Piao

Temporal dynamics in soil organic carbon (SOC) play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. How warming affects SOC change has been widely studied at the site scale, mainly through short-term manipulative experiments. Decades-long SOC dynamics in ecosystems can be complicated, particularly as real-world warming rates varied on decade-scale. However, the lack of long-term repeated observations on whole-profile SOC limits our understanding of SOC dynamics across large regions. Herein, we reconstructed 45 years of SOC dynamics (1970–2014) in topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm) using 10,639 soil profiles from forest and cropland across the contiguous United States, and investigated their relations with key dynamic environments (e.g., climate, vegetation and nitrogen). We further examined the spatial pattern of SOC stock changes at a finer scale (∼2 km) using machine learning techniques. Our results revealed ecosystem-dependent, two-stage changes of SOC stock, characterized by continental-scale halts in SOC loss following warming deceleration since the late 1990s. This shift led to an overall increase in SOC stock of 1.41 % in forest and 1.14 % in cropland within the top 1-meter over 45 years. Temperature was the primary factor related to topsoil SOC losses, whereas soil water content may primarily control subsoil SOC change. Notably, a threshold effect of warming rates on SOC loss was identified in both topsoil and subsoil. These findings provide new insights into long-term whole-profile SOC dynamics at a large scale, offering valuable implications for carbon sequestration to support sustainable development in different ecosystems.

土壤有机碳（SOC）的时间动态在全球碳循环中起着至关重要的作用。气候变暖对土壤有机碳变化的影响已经在站点尺度上进行了广泛的研究，主要是通过短期的可操作实验。生态系统中长达数十年的有机碳动态可能是复杂的，特别是当现实世界的变暖速度在十年尺度上发生变化时。然而，缺乏对全剖面有机碳的长期重复观测限制了我们对大区域有机碳动态的理解。在此基础上，利用美国10639个森林和农田土壤剖面，重建了表层土壤（0-30 cm）和底土（30-100 cm） 45年的有机碳动态（1970-2014），并研究了它们与关键动态环境（如气候、植被和氮）的关系。我们使用机器学习技术进一步研究了更精细尺度（~ 2公里）上SOC储量变化的空间格局。结果表明，自20世纪90年代末以来，碳储量的变化依赖于生态系统，具有两阶段的变化特征，其特征是大陆尺度的碳储量损失在变暖减速后停止。在45年的时间里，这一变化导致森林土壤有机碳储量增加1.41%，耕地土壤有机碳储量增加1.14%。温度是影响表层土壤有机碳损失的主要因素，而土壤含水量可能是影响底土有机碳变化的主要因素。值得注意的是，升温速率对表层土壤和底土有机碳损失都存在阈值效应。这些发现为大规模研究长期整体有机碳动态提供了新的见解，为支持不同生态系统的可持续发展提供了有价值的碳固存建议。

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引用次数: 0

China’s mountain biodiversity and conservation status 中国山地生物多样性及其保护现状

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100360

Nan Jiang , Lei Zhao , Mei Han , Weihua Xu

As global biodiversity continues to decline and ecosystems degrade, mountains are often regarded as crucial refuges for numerous species due to their unique montane environments and relatively unfragmented landscapes. The conservation of mountain biodiversity is a key component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda. Gaining insight into the distribution of montane species and identifying priority conservation areas are essential for effective action. However, such efforts have been relatively limited in China. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of mountains to biodiversity conservation within the country. Our findings indicate that China’s mountains support a remarkable percentage of the country’s wildlife. They include 95 % of mammal species, 85 % of bird species, 89 % of amphibian species, 85 % of reptile species, and 80 % of higher plant species. These areas harbor over 90 % of China’s natural ecosystem subclasses, despite constituting only 65 % of the total land area. Approximately a quarter of important sites for mountain biodiversity are covered by protected areas, but some key regions remain unprotected. It is recommended that protection be prioritized in the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains and the Southeastern China Hills, with a focus on narrowly distributed ecosystems, to achieve the biodiversity target and vision.

随着全球生物多样性的持续下降和生态系统的退化，由于其独特的山地环境和相对完整的景观，山区往往被视为许多物种的重要避难所。保护山地生物多样性是联合国可持续发展议程的一个关键组成部分。深入了解山地物种的分布和确定优先保护区对于采取有效行动至关重要。然而，这种努力在中国相对有限。在本研究中，我们评估了山区对国内生物多样性保护的贡献。我们的研究结果表明，中国的山区支撑着该国相当大比例的野生动物。它们包括95%的哺乳动物、85%的鸟类、89%的两栖动物、85%的爬行动物和80%的高等植物。这些地区拥有中国90%以上的自然生态系统亚类，尽管它们只占总陆地面积的65%。大约四分之一的山地生物多样性重要地点被保护区覆盖，但一些关键地区仍然不受保护。建议优先保护青藏高原东南部、横断山脉和东南丘陵，重点保护狭窄分布的生态系统，以实现生物多样性目标和愿景。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological restorations enhance ecosystem stability by improving ecological resilience in a typical basin of the Yangtze River, China 生态修复通过提高长江典型流域的生态恢复力来增强生态系统的稳定性

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100357

Yixiao Li , Zhengyuan Zhao , Bojie Fu , Yunlong Zhang , Yihe Lü , Ting Li , Shiliang Liu , Gang Wu , Xi Zheng , Xing Wu

Ecological restorations (ERs) have been widely implemented in recent decades to enhance ecosystem stability. However, the extent of their impacts on ecosystem stability and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. This study developed a comprehensive framework for ecosystem stability assessment by integrating the temporal stability of ecosystem service (ES) provision, ecological resistance, and ecological resilience. Additionally, ER intensity was quantified using vegetation index trends, while the pathways and magnitudes of key factors driving ecosystem stability were identified by partial least squares structural equation modeling. Using the Jialing River Basin as a case study, our results revealed that forests exhibited the highest ecosystem stability due to their enhanced capacity to maintain temporal stability of ES provision and ecological resilience. However, farmlands demonstrated the strongest ecological resistance, followed by forests and grasslands. ER projects were primarily implemented in northern and southern farmland regions characterized by low ecological resilience. Pathway analysis identified that favorable climates significantly enhanced the temporal stability of ES provision, and rugged topography improved the ecological resistance. However, fragmented landscape patches disrupted stable ES provision by reducing ecological connectivity, and socioeconomic development diminished both resistance and resilience through land-use intensification. Notably, ERs improved ecological resilience, which in turn elevated overall ecosystem stability. Our results indicated that the proposed framework provides a systematic approach for comprehensive ecosystem stability evaluation and offers critical insights for developing region-specific ER strategies.

近几十年来，为了提高生态系统的稳定性，生态恢复（ERs）得到了广泛的应用。然而，它们对生态系统稳定性的影响程度及其潜在机制仍然知之甚少。本研究结合生态系统服务提供的时间稳定性、生态抗性和生态恢复力，建立了一个综合的生态系统稳定性评价框架。利用植被指数趋势量化生态系统内能强度，利用偏最小二乘结构方程模型确定驱动生态系统稳定性的关键因子的路径和大小。以嘉陵江流域为例，研究结果表明，森林具有较强的生态系统稳定性，维持ES供应的时间稳定性和生态恢复力。农田的生态抗性最强，其次是森林和草原。生态修复项目主要在生态恢复力较低的北部和南部农田地区实施。路径分析表明，有利的气候条件显著增强了ES供应的时间稳定性，崎岖的地形增强了生态抗性。然而，破碎的景观斑块通过降低生态连通性破坏了稳定的ES供应，社会经济发展通过土地利用集约化降低了抵抗和恢复能力。值得注意的是，生态恢复力提高了生态系统的整体稳定性。研究结果表明，该框架为生态系统稳定性综合评价提供了系统方法，并为制定区域生态系统稳定性战略提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of extreme climate on soil organic carbon in China 极端气候对中国土壤有机碳的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geography and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100356

Zipeng Zhang , Jianli Ding , Liangyi Li , Jinhua Cao , Keqiang Wang , Chuanmei Zhu , Xiangyu Ge , Jinjie Wang , Chaolei Yang , Fujie Li , Jingzhe Wang

Quantitative studies on the national-scale effects of extreme climatic events on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain scarce, thus limiting our understanding of SOC dynamics. This study utilized 4515 publicly available soil samples to quantify the impacts of 19 extreme climatic indices (ECIs) on ΔSOC reservoirs in China through a hybrid space-for-time and meta-analysis approach. Overall, 16/19 ECIs were negatively correlated with ΔSOC, with the minimum temperature of the coldest night (TNn) showing the strongest negative correlation. Notably, topographic factors played a pivotal role in the modeling process, contributing an average of 25 %, followed by ECIs. Under the influence of the ECIs, SOC exhibited spatial variation. Extreme heat resulted in the greatest SOC losses in cold regions, such as North China, with average reductions of > 5 %, whereas its impact was weaker in South China, with SOC losses of ∼3 %. Extreme cold and wet indices promoted SOC accumulation in the Northeast China, with increases of ∼3 %, but showed a weaker response in the humid region, where the SOC increased by only 1 %. At the national scale, the impacts of extreme climatic events on SOC in the 0–20 cm ranged from −2.36 Pg to 2.34 Pg. Different ecosystems responded variably, with forest and grassland ecosystems being more sensitive to ECIs, potentially due to higher organic matter inputs and greater ecosystem complexity. In contrast, bare land exhibited weaker responses due to limited vegetation cover and organic inputs. These findings provide valuable insights into SOC dynamics at national scale during extreme climatic events.

极端气候事件对土壤有机碳（SOC）影响的定量研究仍然很少，因此限制了我们对土壤有机碳动态的认识。本研究利用4515个公开土壤样本，采用时空混合和元分析的方法，量化了19个极端气候指数（ECIs）对中国ΔSOC水库的影响。总体而言，16/19 eci与ΔSOC呈负相关，其中最冷夜最低温度（TNn）负相关最强。值得注意的是，地形因素在建模过程中发挥了关键作用，平均贡献了25%，其次是eci。在eci的影响下，土壤有机碳呈现空间差异。极端高温导致中国北方等寒冷地区的有机碳损失最大，平均减少5%，而中国南方的影响较弱，有机碳损失约为3%。极端寒冷和潮湿指数促进了东北地区有机碳的积累，增加了约3%，但在潮湿地区表现出较弱的响应，其有机碳仅增加了1%。在全国范围内，极端气候事件对0 ~ 20 cm土壤有机碳的影响范围为- 2.36 ~ 2.34 Pg。不同生态系统对eci的响应差异较大，森林和草地生态系统对eci更为敏感，这可能是由于更高的有机质投入和更大的生态系统复杂性。相比之下，由于植被覆盖和有机投入有限，裸地表现出较弱的响应。这些发现为研究极端气候事件期间全国范围内的有机碳动态提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0