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Language, (em)power(ment) and affective capitalism: the case of an entrepreneurship workshop for refugees in Germany 语言、权力与情感资本主义——以德国难民创业研讨会为例
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0092
Kati Dlaske
Abstract This paper seeks to advance research on the nexus of language, work-related training and affective capitalism by focusing on an entrepreneurship workshop organized for newly arrived refugees in Germany. Despite the occupational orientation, the primary objective of the workshop was not establishing a business but “empowering” the participants by guiding them to adopt “an entrepreneurial mindset”. To delve deeper into this ‘will to empower’, the study brings together the perspectives of governmentality studies, ethnography, discourse studies and affect studies. To investigate in more detail the evocation of the ‘entrepreneurial mindset’, the study draws on ethnographic data collected in the context of the workshop and focuses on a particular discursive resource, the genre ‘elevator pitch’. The analysis examines how this genre operated as a technology of government by allowing an attempt at modulating the affective states and attachments of the participants so as to evoke an affective configuration characterized by hardness, resilience and diligence, but above all by aspiration, optimism and confidence: faith in oneself, and a horizon of hope that the possibility of self-employment created. The concluding section discusses this subjectification regime as a manifestation of contemporary affective capitalism, in the context of forced migration and beyond, in the light of recent social and sociolinguistic research.
本文旨在通过关注为德国新抵达的难民组织的创业研讨会,推进语言、工作相关培训和情感资本主义之间关系的研究。尽管以职业为导向,讲习班的主要目标不是建立企业,而是通过指导参与者采用“企业家心态”来“赋予”他们权力。为了更深入地研究这种“权力意志”,本研究汇集了治理学研究、民族志、话语研究和影响研究的观点。为了更详细地调查“创业心态”的唤起,该研究利用了在研讨会背景下收集的人种学数据,并专注于一种特定的话语资源,即“电梯游说”类型。分析考察了这种类型是如何作为一种政府技术运作的,允许尝试调节参与者的情感状态和依恋,从而唤起一种以坚韧、韧性和勤奋为特征的情感配置,但最重要的是渴望、乐观和自信:对自己的信念,以及自主创业可能性所创造的希望的前景。最后一节根据最近的社会和社会语言学研究,讨论了这种主体化制度作为当代情感资本主义的一种表现形式,在被迫移民和超越的背景下。
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引用次数: 0
Who texts what to whom and when? Patterning of texting in four multilingual minoritized language communities and a preliminary proposal for the language repertoire matrix 谁在什么时候给谁发短信?四个多语言少数民族语言社区的短信模式和语言库矩阵的初步建议
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0065
David M. Eberhard, Manap Mangulamas
Abstract Though computer mediated communication has been widely studied, private messaging in minoritized languages (many without standardized orthographies) is an area of minimal research. This article looks at texting in four multilingual language communities: Maguindanaon (Philippines), Sebuyau (Malaysia), Mamaindê (Brazil) and Marubo (Brazil). The majority of the data comes from the Maguindanao case study, an Austronesian language spoken by over one million speakers in the Maguindanao province of Mindanao Island. Based on this preliminary data, an initial framework with which to understand the language choices for digital messaging in such societies is proposed. The broader implications of this study are its insights into the variable patterning of texting in minority languages in general, providing a baseline for future work in this area. This preliminary study suggests that the texting repertoires of minority language communities are found to pattern after their parallel repertoires of either orality or literacy. These patterns are collectively referred to as the “Language Repertoire Matrix”. The variable that distinguishes one texting repertoire from another is the language(s) used for intra-group texting: minority (L1), majority (L2), or minority + majority (L1 + L2) languages. We propose that the choice of employing either the orality or literacy repertoires for intra-group texting demonstrates the underlying function of such texting within that society. The conclusion offers some suggestions on how these insights might apply to the field of minority language development.
摘要尽管计算机媒介的通信已经得到了广泛的研究,但使用少数民族语言(许多语言没有标准的拼写)的私人信息是一个研究很少的领域。本文研究了四个多语言社区的短信:Maguindanaon(菲律宾)、Sebuyau(马来西亚)、Mamaindê(巴西)和Marubo(巴西)。大部分数据来自马京达瑙案例研究,这是一种南岛语,在棉兰老岛马京达诺省有100多万使用者使用。基于这些初步数据,提出了一个初步框架,用于理解此类社会中数字信息的语言选择。这项研究的更广泛意义在于,它深入了解了少数民族语言中短信的可变模式,为该领域的未来工作提供了基线。这项初步研究表明,少数民族语言社区的短信曲目是在他们的口语或识字平行曲目之后形成的。这些模式统称为“语言汇辑矩阵”。区分一个短信库和另一个短信的变量是用于组内短信的语言:少数(L1)、多数(L2)或少数+多数(L1+L2)语言。我们建议,选择使用口语或识字库进行群体内短信,这表明了这种短信在社会中的潜在功能。结论为这些见解如何应用于少数民族语言发展领域提供了一些建议。
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引用次数: 1
Journey towards an unreachable destiny: parental struggles in the intergenerational transmission of Chinese as a heritage language in Australia 走向遥不可及的命运之旅:澳大利亚汉语作为一种传统语言代际传递中的父母斗争
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0066
Lan Wang, M. Hamid
Abstract This article investigates Chinese-Australian parents’ ideologies and visions about the maintenance of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) as well as their struggles in using family language policy (FLP) as defence and coping mechanisms to address tensions associated with the transgenerational transmission of CHL. Language policy defined as an assemblage of ideologies, practices and management and parental agency understood as parents’ capacity to pursue their visions are deployed within Curdt-Christiansen’s dynamic model of FLP that accommodates a complex interplay of internal and external factors. The study focuses on 15 parents who were committed to and made agentive efforts to maintain CHL and transmit it to their next generations. Using interviews, parents’ visions based on their children’s future CHL proficiency and their agentive efforts around CHL transmission were examined. The findings revealed sharp contrasts between parents’ future visions and their lived experiences of struggles at present. Anticipating the eventual loss of CHL among their future generations in the Australian context, the parents struggled to negotiate FLP to combat the foreseeable language shift and defend their visions. The findings have implications for individuals, families, communities, institutions, and policies concerning the maintenance of heritage languages in Australia and globally.
摘要:本文研究了华裔澳大利亚父母在维护汉语作为传统语言(CHL)方面的意识形态和愿景,以及他们在使用家庭语言政策(FLP)作为防御和应对机制以解决与汉语跨代传播相关的紧张关系方面的斗争。语言政策被定义为意识形态、实践和管理的集合,而父母的代理被理解为父母追求自己愿景的能力,这些都被部署在Curdt-Christiansen的FLP动态模型中,该模型适应了内部和外部因素的复杂相互作用。这项研究的重点是15位父母,他们承诺并做出了代理努力来维持CHL并将其传递给下一代。通过访谈,研究了父母基于孩子未来CHL熟练程度的愿景以及他们在CHL传播方面的代理努力。调查结果显示,父母对未来的愿景与他们目前的生活经历形成了鲜明的对比。在澳大利亚的背景下,父母们预计他们的后代最终会失去CHL,他们努力与FLP谈判,以对抗可预见的语言转变,捍卫他们的愿景。这些发现对澳大利亚和全球有关遗产语言维护的个人、家庭、社区、机构和政策都有影响。
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引用次数: 4
Intergenerational communication and family language policy of multicultural families in Japan 日本多元文化家庭的代际交流与家庭语言政策
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0062
Paul M. Capobianco
Abstract This article examines the communication patterns among multicultural African families in Japan. Using ethnographic vignettes, this article uses family language planning (FLP) theories to understand how African parents communicate with their children, how parents aim to shape their children’s language use, how parents conceptualize their family communication, and how Japanese institutions affect the trajectories of parental FLP efforts. This article demonstrates how five intersecting factors influence the outcomes of FLPs in idiosyncratic ways. These five factors include Japanese education and socialization practices, parents’ economic resources, parents’ language skills, identity ambitions, and parents’ willingness to use economic and cultural resources. It also highlights the utility and limitations of applying FLP theories of child agency to the Japanese context. These findings suggest scholars reconsider the interplay of macro- and micro-factors in shaping FLP outcomes, the role of child agency in actualizing FLPs, and the affective elements that shape parents’ understandings of language use.
摘要本文考察了在日的非洲多元文化家庭之间的交流模式。本文利用民族志小插图,运用家庭语言计划(FLP)理论来了解非洲父母如何与子女沟通,父母如何旨在塑造子女的语言使用,父母如何概念化他们的家庭沟通,以及日本制度如何影响父母FLP努力的轨迹。这篇文章展示了五个交叉的因素如何以特殊的方式影响FLPs的结果。这五个因素包括日本的教育和社会化实践、父母的经济资源、父母的语言技能、身份野心、父母使用经济和文化资源的意愿。本研究也强调了将FLP儿童代理理论应用于日本情境的效用和局限性。这些发现表明,学者们重新考虑了影响FLP结果的宏观和微观因素的相互作用,儿童代理在FLP实现中的作用,以及影响父母对语言使用理解的情感因素。
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引用次数: 0
Chaos in court: mediatized expressions of upset in relation to Danish courtroom interpreting 法庭上的混乱:与丹麦法庭口译有关的不安的调解表达
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0045
M. Karrebæk, Marta Kirilova
Abstract This paper discusses a disturbance to the Danish legal system, a cornerstone in the state of law. We focus on ‘expressions of upset’ during a reorganization of Danish legal interpreting, which was followed closely by the Danish media. We analyze these expressions as ‘communicative uptakes’ and we discuss how they made different elements of the interpreting affair salient. The elements include assumptions about what legal interpreting is or should be, its societal role and relevance. We argue that the uptakes integrated the interpreting situation with the institutionalized aim of the social space in which they occurred, and we draw on Agha’s theory of ‘mediatization’ to account for the relations between the overall situation and the various expressions of upset, and between the institutional roles of participants and mediatized aspects of the spaces. Data come from a trial, a meeting in the Danish Parliament, and a blog thread. The study thereby illustrates a communicative (thus, social) process in a modern (thus, complex) society in which a social event at societal level (so-called large-scale) is received and made meaningful by many different social actors in a variety of ways, thereby creating links between otherwise unconnected spaces.
摘要本文讨论了对丹麦法律体系的干扰,丹麦法律体系是法治的基石。我们关注的是丹麦法律解释重组期间的“不满表达”,丹麦媒体紧随其后。我们将这些表达分析为“交际失误”,并讨论它们如何使口译事务的不同元素变得突出。这些要素包括对法律解释是什么或应该是什么、其社会作用和相关性的假设。我们认为,接受者将解释情境与他们发生的社会空间的制度化目标相结合,我们借鉴阿加的“中介”理论来解释整体情境与各种不安表达之间的关系,以及参与者的制度角色与空间的中介方面之间的关系。数据来自一次审判、丹麦议会的一次会议和一个博客。因此,该研究说明了现代(因此,复杂)社会中的一个交流(因此,社会)过程,在这个过程中,社会层面的社会事件(所谓的大规模)被许多不同的社会行动者以各种方式接受并变得有意义,从而在原本不相连的空间之间建立联系。
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引用次数: 0
“We just want the language tone”: when requests to use minority languages lead to interactional breakdown in multilingual classrooms “我们只是想要语言的语气”:当要求使用少数民族语言导致多语言教室的互动中断时
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0053
Heini Lehtonen, J. S. Møller
Abstract In this paper, we analyze two instances of interactional breakdown in linguistically and culturally diverse classrooms in Copenhagen and Helsinki. Our focus is situations where teachers request the use of minority languages from pupils, and pupils react reluctantly and display embarrassment. These situations represent sociolinguistic spaces of upset understood as disruptions of prevailing language ideologies and sociolinguistic regimes. We argue that pupils’ reluctance to comply with teachers’ attempts to include minority languages exemplifies such a disruption, and meta-communicative exchanges represent a window into the language ideologies influencing such situations. We analyze the interactions sequentially through the theoretical lens of enregisterment, linguistic legitimacy, and raciolinguistic microaggressions. The Helsinki data are drawn from a sociolinguistically informed action research project in an elementary school. The Copenhagen data involve lower-secondary-level pupils and consist of observations and recordings collected as part of a long-term ethnographic study. Despite the differences in projects and field sites, we found a striking similarity both in the language ideologies displayed by teachers and in pupils’ reactional patterns. Consequently, we argue that both examples represent the same type of sociolinguistic space of upset characterized by an intrinsic dilemma in Nordic public schools, which are simultaneously expected to secure the continuation of mainstream culture and embrace linguistic diversity.
摘要在本文中,我们分析了哥本哈根和赫尔辛基语言和文化多样性课堂中两个互动崩溃的例子。我们关注的是教师要求学生使用少数民族语言,而学生的反应很不情愿,表现出尴尬。这些情况代表了不安的社会语言学空间,被理解为对主流语言意识形态和社会语言学制度的破坏。我们认为,学生不愿遵守教师将少数民族语言纳入其中的尝试,这说明了这种干扰,而元交际交流代表了了解影响这种情况的语言意识形态的窗口。我们从注册、语言合法性和种族歧视微侵犯的理论视角依次分析了这种互动。赫尔辛基的数据来自一所小学的社会语言学行动研究项目。哥本哈根的数据涉及初中学生,包括作为长期民族志研究的一部分收集的观察和记录。尽管项目和实地考察地点存在差异,但我们发现教师表现出的语言意识形态和学生的反应模式都有惊人的相似性。因此,我们认为,这两个例子代表了相同类型的不安的社会语言学空间,其特征是北欧公立学校的内在困境,它们同时被期望确保主流文化的延续和语言的多样性。
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引用次数: 1
Media panic, medical discourse and the smartphone 媒体恐慌、医学话语和智能手机
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0052
Lian Malai Madsen
Abstract This article investigates a space of upset related to the smartphone with its communicative affordances and implications. The notion of moral panic can be seen as a way of conceptualizing spaces of upset and their discursive frames. Informed by this concept and accounts of the panic discourses particularly directed at media, I examine the upset articulated in Danish media panic discourses, which grants authority from a medical perspective. In addition, I draw on the concept of medicalization and discuss how it becomes sayable within the space of upset related to digitally mediated communication that human interaction through a technological device is not (always) communication, but habit or addiction, to unpack the socio-cultural and sociolinguistic assumptions and implications of this perspective. Empirically, the article focuses on a particularly preeminent voice in the public debate in Denmark about the impact of social media and smartphone use, namely the voice of a medical doctor who has been granted the authority as “digital health expert” and frequently appears in Danish print, broadcast and social media.
摘要本文研究了一个与智能手机相关的沮丧空间及其交流启示和含义。道德恐慌的概念可以被视为一种概念化沮丧空间及其话语框架的方式。根据这一概念和对特别针对媒体的恐慌话语的描述,我研究了丹麦媒体恐慌话语中表达的不安,这从医学的角度赋予了权威。此外,我借鉴了医学化的概念,并讨论了在与数字媒介通信相关的不安空间中,通过技术设备进行的人类互动不是(总是)通信,而是习惯或成瘾,这是如何变得可以说的,以解开这一观点的社会文化和社会语言学假设和含义。从经验上讲,这篇文章关注的是丹麦公众辩论中关于社交媒体和智能手机使用影响的一个特别突出的声音,即一位医生的声音,他被授予“数字健康专家”的权威,经常出现在丹麦的印刷品、广播和社交媒体上。
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引用次数: 2
Sociolinguistic upsets and people of color in social media performances 社会语言学混乱与有色人种在社交媒体上的表现
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0047
Sirpa Leppänen, Elina Westinen
Abstract Particularly since the refugee “reception crisis” in 2015, Finland has started transforming into a more diverse and multicultural society. These societal changes have also been accompanied by sociolinguistic change, as well as language ideological debates and tensions, often manifesting in explicitly racist and xenophobic bursts of upset. In this article, our focus is on social media as a space where such societal and sociolinguistic upsets are articulated and re-worked. Drawing on recent sociolinguistic and discourse analytic work on transformative and critical popular cultural practices in social media, and studies on rap and belonging, we discuss how, in a mediatized society such as Finland, social media serve as a forum for antagonism and conflict, but also as a site for ‘talking back’. As our illustrative cases, we investigate two heteroglossic social media performances by entertainers and artists of color. In our analysis, we will show how these performances highlight and contest ideological notions of the way particular language resources are considered a key to Finnishness, as well as their role in the racialization and othering of people of color.
尤其是自2015年难民“接收危机”以来,芬兰开始向一个更加多元化和多元文化的社会转型。这些社会变化也伴随着社会语言学的变化,以及语言意识形态的争论和紧张局势,经常表现为明确的种族主义和仇外情绪的爆发。在这篇文章中,我们的重点是社交媒体作为一个空间,这些社会和社会语言学上的不安被阐明和重新处理。借鉴最近社会语言学和话语分析在社交媒体中变革和批判性流行文化实践的工作,以及对说唱和归属感的研究,我们讨论了在芬兰这样的中介社会中,社交媒体如何作为对抗和冲突的论坛,同时也是“反击”的场所。作为我们的说明性案例,我们调查了两位有色人种艺人和艺术家在社交媒体上的异质语言表演。在我们的分析中,我们将展示这些表演是如何突出和挑战意识形态观念的,即特定的语言资源被认为是芬兰性的关键,以及它们在有色人种的种族化和其他方面的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Broadcasting the skeptron: the upset of sociolinguistic closure in Swedish public service television 放送谎言:瑞典公共服务电视台社会语言学封闭的颠覆
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0044
L. Salö
Abstract This article explores upset reactions to purportedly deviant language use in the newsroom of the Swedish public service television company SVT. Adopting a historical gaze to contemporary struggles, it focuses on the news anchor Dina Haddad (an alias selected by me for the sake of anonymity) and the injurious, bigoted complaints she receives from detractors by virtue of speaking Swedish with a foreign accent. Through historical contextualization, the article casts Swedish public service television as a system of sociolinguistic closure, sustained through individual and institutional efforts of correction. Conceptually, it invokes the image of the skeptron to illustrate how linguistic authority is exerted through an interplay between delegators and holders. Against this backdrop, drawing on interview data and a selection of scornful emails, Haddad’s broadcast appearance is grasped as indexing the symbolic recognition of unsolicited change. Her foreign accent is perceived as revealing the countervailing upset of sociolinguistic closure, sanctioned by the establishment. For detractors, this is at once a critique against the skeptron-delegator, SVT, and the skeptron-bearer, Haddad. While the verbal attacks she receives are more about social change than language per se, I argue that the efficacy of producing linguistic complaints pertains to SVT’s historical role in sustaining doctrines of correctness.
摘要本文探讨了瑞典公共服务电视公司SVT新闻编辑室对据称异常语言使用的不安反应。它以历史的眼光审视当代的斗争,重点关注新闻主播迪娜·哈达德(我为了匿名而选择了一个化名),以及她因操着外国口音的瑞典语而受到诽谤者的伤害和偏执的抱怨。通过历史语境,文章将瑞典公共服务电视视为一个社会语言学封闭的系统,通过个人和机构的矫正努力得以维持。从概念上讲,它引用了skeptron的图像来说明语言权威是如何通过委托人和持有者之间的相互作用来发挥的。在这种背景下,根据采访数据和一些轻蔑的电子邮件,哈达德的广播露面被认为是对主动改变的象征性认可。她的外国口音被认为揭示了社会语言学封闭的反作用,这得到了当权派的认可。对于批评者来说,这既是对骗子委托人SVT和骗子持有者哈达德的批评。虽然她受到的言语攻击更多的是关于社会变革,而不是语言本身,但我认为,产生语言抱怨的功效与SVT在维持正确性学说方面的历史作用有关。
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引用次数: 0
Nordicity, language and the nation-state 北欧,语言和民族国家
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0116
M. Heller
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
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