This study explores the immunomodulatory effects of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) derived from Alcaligenes faecalis chitinase in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model in Swiss albino male mice. Mice received cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce immunosuppression, followed by oral administration of enzymatically derived COS (E-COS) and chemically synthesized COS (C-COS) at 20 mg/kg/day for 15 days. Both E-COS and C-COS significantly increased WBC (4.50 ± 0.71 and 5.37 ± 0.91) and RBC (5.80 ± 0.83 and 5.74 ± 0.86) counts compared to the cyclophosphamide group (1.43 ± 0.49 and 2.54 ± 0.76). Histopathological analysis showed thymic architecture restoration and reduced splenic lymphocyte apoptosis. Additionally, COS treatment elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and decreased oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione). These findings suggest that COS possess immunomodulatory potential and may counteract cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.
{"title":"The immunomodulatory effects of chito-oligosaccharides derived from Alcaligenes faecalis chitinase on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice","authors":"Rajesh K.M. , Anusha Govindula , Madhura M. Bose , Jayesh Mudgal , Ritu Raval","doi":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the immunomodulatory effects of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) derived from <em>Alcaligenes faecalis</em> chitinase in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model in Swiss albino male mice. Mice received cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce immunosuppression, followed by oral administration of enzymatically derived COS (E-COS) and chemically synthesized COS (C-COS) at 20 mg/kg/day for 15 days. Both E-COS and C-COS significantly increased WBC (4.50 ± 0.71 and 5.37 ± 0.91) and RBC (5.80 ± 0.83 and 5.74 ± 0.86) counts compared to the cyclophosphamide group (1.43 ± 0.49 and 2.54 ± 0.76). Histopathological analysis showed thymic architecture restoration and reduced splenic lymphocyte apoptosis. Additionally, COS treatment elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and decreased oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione). These findings suggest that COS possess immunomodulatory potential and may counteract cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100347
Abhishek Dadhich, Madan Mohan Sharma
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic trace element, poses a significant threat to plant physiology and secondary metabolite production, with implications for environmental and human health. Bacopa monnieri (BM), a medicinal plant valued for its neuroprotective properties, is highly sensitive to Cd, which reduces shoot biomass by approximately 50 % and chlorophyll content by approximately 30 %. Phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), are recognized stress modulators; however, their combined influence on Cd detoxification and bacoside A production has not been reported. In this study, BM plants were exposed to Cd stress, with SA and JA applied individually and in combination. Cd-induced growth inhibition, pigment loss, and elevated root Cd accumulation were significantly alleviated by phytohormone treatments, with the SA + JA combination exhibiting the greatest effect. Co-treatment improved shoot and root biomass, restored chlorophyll levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced root Cd accumulation from 6340 to 3600 µg/g DW, thereby lowering the translocation factor from 0.16 to 0.10. Importantly, JA and SA + JA treatments increased bacoside A content by up to 1.7-fold, demonstrating enhanced secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study provides the first experimental evidence that exogenous SA and JA synergistically mitigate Cd toxicity, strengthen phytostabilization, and boost bacoside A accumulation. These findings highlight the potential of BM as a dual-purpose candidate for phytoremediation and pharmaceutical exploitation in metal-contaminated ecosystems.
{"title":"Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil using Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Synergistic role of salicylic and jasmonic acids in Phytostabilisation and neuroprotective bacoside A biosynthesis","authors":"Abhishek Dadhich, Madan Mohan Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd), a toxic trace element, poses a significant threat to plant physiology and secondary metabolite production, with implications for environmental and human health. <em>Bacopa monnieri</em> (BM), a medicinal plant valued for its neuroprotective properties, is highly sensitive to Cd, which reduces shoot biomass by approximately 50 % and chlorophyll content by approximately 30 %. Phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), are recognized stress modulators; however, their combined influence on Cd detoxification and bacoside A production has not been reported. In this study, BM plants were exposed to Cd stress, with SA and JA applied individually and in combination. Cd-induced growth inhibition, pigment loss, and elevated root Cd accumulation were significantly alleviated by phytohormone treatments, with the SA + JA combination exhibiting the greatest effect. Co-treatment improved shoot and root biomass, restored chlorophyll levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced root Cd accumulation from 6340 to 3600 µg/g DW, thereby lowering the translocation factor from 0.16 to 0.10. Importantly, JA and SA + JA treatments increased bacoside A content by up to 1.7-fold, demonstrating enhanced secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study provides the first experimental evidence that exogenous SA and JA synergistically mitigate Cd toxicity, strengthen phytostabilization, and boost bacoside A accumulation. These findings highlight the potential of BM as a dual-purpose candidate for phytoremediation and pharmaceutical exploitation in metal-contaminated ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100346
Kamil R. Hiralal , Anneke Louwerse , Matea Skojo , Manon H.J. Hillegers , Hugo G. Schnack , Sabine E. Mous , Gwendolyn C. Dieleman
Purpose
There is ongoing debate in the autism community on the role of genetics. Most research examining the discourse on genetics in autism have focused primarily on caregivers. This study explored the public discourse on genetics within the broader autism community.
Methods
We collected 30,014 Reddit posts on genetics within autism communities, since the platform’s inception through August 1, 2024. Using topic modelling, we identified key topics and we conducted sentiment analysis to compare the emotional tone across these topics. Finally, we examined how user characteristics were related to the sentiment of a post.
Results
We identified seven topics related to genetics: personal stories, place in society, parental support, familial inheritance, healthcare, research, and moderator messages. Threads on healthcare and personal stories were relatively negative, whereas research and moderator messages threads were more positive. Comments on healthcare were relatively negative, while parental support and moderator messages comments were more positive. Users who generally post more positively also expressed more positive sentiment when discussing genetics in the context of autism.
Conclusions
The online discourse on genetics in online autism communities encompasses multiple topics. Researchers and clinicians should continuously engage with the autism community to address concerns regarding genetics in autism.
{"title":"The public discourse on genetics in autism communities: a content analysis of Reddit posts","authors":"Kamil R. Hiralal , Anneke Louwerse , Matea Skojo , Manon H.J. Hillegers , Hugo G. Schnack , Sabine E. Mous , Gwendolyn C. Dieleman","doi":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>There is ongoing debate in the autism community on the role of genetics. Most research examining the discourse on genetics in autism have focused primarily on caregivers. This study explored the public discourse on genetics within the broader autism community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected 30,014 Reddit posts on genetics within autism communities, since the platform’s inception through August 1, 2024. Using topic modelling, we identified key topics and we conducted sentiment analysis to compare the emotional tone across these topics. Finally, we examined how user characteristics were related to the sentiment of a post.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified seven topics related to genetics: <em>personal stories, place in society, parental support, familial inheritance, healthcare, research,</em> and <em>moderator messages.</em> Threads on healthcare and personal stories were relatively negative, whereas research and moderator messages threads were more positive. Comments on healthcare were relatively negative, while parental support and moderator messages comments were more positive. Users who generally post more positively also expressed more positive sentiment when discussing genetics in the context of autism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The online discourse on genetics in online autism communities encompasses multiple topics. Researchers and clinicians should continuously engage with the autism community to address concerns regarding genetics in autism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100338
Anoop Kumar, Devesh Tewari
{"title":"Role of network pharmacology integrated with experimental approaches in natural products drug discovery","authors":"Anoop Kumar, Devesh Tewari","doi":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100344
Ayda Ahmadi, Abobakr Sori, Jafarsadegh Moghaddas
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and silica aerogels (SAs) have emerged as new drug delivery platforms with promise for treating chronic conditions such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and diabetic foot infections. This review integrates papers from 2015 to 2025, selected by PubMed and Scopus searches through the use of keywords like ’silica nanoparticles drug delivery chronic infections’ to detect its significance in the fight against AMR with a maximum of 50 % enhanced drug loading efficiency. Because of their tunable porosity and favorable biocompatibility, nanoparticulate and aerogel materials are well compatible with target and controlled release of drugs, and this is how it is possible to bypass complications caused by poor drug penetration and microbial resistance. This review article, for the first time, addresses the application of silica nanoparticles and aerogels to fight drug-resistant infections in terms of scalability as well as regulatory considerations. With respect to scalability as well as regulatory, including the 2025 horizon scanning report of EMA on nanomedicines for enhanced biocompatibility and GMP scalability. It also addresses recent advances in surface modification techniques, such as covalent grafting of amine groups and non-covalent coating with polymers such as chitosan. These alterations have increased the drug loading capability (approximately 30 to 50 wt% for antibiotics) and have facilitated stimulus-responsive drug release triggered by stimuli including pH change and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data from this review indicate that nanocarrier surface optimization has a significant ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy, wherein antibacterial action against drug-resistant microbes is increased two-fold. This review is distinct from previous structural-focused reviews because it investigates the direct relationship between drug loading capacity and surface modifications and smart drug release. Its focus on chronic drug-resistant infection renders the review an imperative reference document for guiding subsequent studies and generating clinical applications.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and application of silica nanoparticles and silica aerogel in smart drug delivery systems","authors":"Ayda Ahmadi, Abobakr Sori, Jafarsadegh Moghaddas","doi":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and silica aerogels (SAs) have emerged as new drug delivery platforms with promise for treating chronic conditions such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and diabetic foot infections. This review integrates papers from 2015 to 2025, selected by PubMed and Scopus searches through the use of keywords like ’silica nanoparticles drug delivery chronic infections’ to detect its significance in the fight against AMR with a maximum of 50 % enhanced drug loading efficiency. Because of their tunable porosity and favorable biocompatibility, nanoparticulate and aerogel materials are well compatible with target and controlled release of drugs, and this is how it is possible to bypass complications caused by poor drug penetration and microbial resistance. This review article, for the first time, addresses the application of silica nanoparticles and aerogels to fight drug-resistant infections in terms of scalability as well as regulatory considerations. With respect to scalability as well as regulatory, including the 2025 horizon scanning report of EMA on nanomedicines for enhanced biocompatibility and GMP scalability. It also addresses recent advances in surface modification techniques, such as covalent grafting of amine groups and non-covalent coating with polymers such as chitosan. These alterations have increased the drug loading capability (approximately 30 to 50 wt% for antibiotics) and have facilitated stimulus-responsive drug release triggered by stimuli including pH change and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data from this review indicate that nanocarrier surface optimization has a significant ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy, wherein antibacterial action against drug-resistant microbes is increased two-fold. This review is distinct from previous structural-focused reviews because it investigates the direct relationship between drug loading capacity and surface modifications and smart drug release. Its focus on chronic drug-resistant infection renders the review an imperative reference document for guiding subsequent studies and generating clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146806873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146806877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146806882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146589863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52676,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Biotechnology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146589870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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