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The analysis of safety and traffic conditions on Orląt Lwowskich Square in Wrocław Wrocław Lwowskich广场的安全和交通状况分析
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_02_02
W. Szczepanek
Abstract: For some years road infrastructure has been beeing rebuilt and expanded in Wrocław. There are a lot of enterprises connected with it which aim is to encourage citizens to use public transport and also improve traffic conditions in the area of the whole city and adjust it to modern standards. This article refers to the analysis of the influence of the newly built. "TAT" rout level 1 in Wrocław on conditions in The Orląt Lwowskich square area. All elements which were rebuit, not only because of the new tramway but also because of regarded changes due to safety and increasing of road capacity, were taken under considaration. The condition before rebuilding, implemented changes and other ideas which could be applied were analysed. In the summary of this article advantages and disadvantages of individual solutions were presented with their description. Keywords: Traffic analysis; Safety; Road capacity; Tramway; Rebuilding; Traffic conditions
摘要:几年来,弗罗茨瓦夫的道路基础设施一直在重建和扩建。有很多企业与之相关,目的是鼓励市民使用公共交通,改善整个城市的交通条件,并将其调整为现代标准。本文对新建工程的影响进行了分析。“TAT”路线1级在弗罗茨瓦夫的条件下在奥尔特Lwowskich广场地区。所有被重建的元素,不仅是因为新的有轨电车,还因为安全和道路通行能力的增加而进行了考虑。分析了重建前的条件、实施的变革和其他可以应用的想法。在本文的总结中,介绍了各个解决方案的优缺点及其描述。关键词:交通分析;安全道路通行能力;有轨电车;重建;交通状况
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引用次数: 0
Concept of cross – city rail route in Wrocław to create the LRT system 跨城市轨道路线的概念在Wrocław创建轻轨系统
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_02_01
M. Korzeń
Abstract: The article presents a proposal for the construction of a cross-city rail route in Wrocław in order to create a LRT system. The main motivation for the creation of the LRT system is the constantly growing traffic towards the center caused by the increasing number of people living in the peripheral parts of the city and neighboring municipalities making up the Wrocław agglomeration. As an example of an efficient LRT system using a cross-city tunel is the S-Bahn system in Munich was cited, in which the railway tunnel running through the city center determines large flows of passengers and is therefore one of the main means of transport in the entire agglomeration. In the next part, the current state of the Wrocław Railway Junction is briefly discussed, thus showing the city's great potential to create the LRT system. Places where direct access to the railway network should be provided have been indicated. It was proposed to create two cross-diameter routes running entirely from the tunnel. Their course should be dictated by the location of the traffic generators indicated in the article in the center of Wrocław. In the summary, the author presents the benefits of building new routes and mentions the need for the development of the rail transport network resulting from the Wrocław Mobility Policy. The creation of a new route running through the city center would significantly increase the transport attractiveness of the railways, and thus, the new route would be a key element for the creation of an efficiently functioning LRT system in the city and the entire Wrocław agglomeration. Keywords: Railway tunel; Cross – city route; Agglomeration railway; Wrocław
摘要:本文提出了在Wrocław建设一条跨城市轨道交通线路的建议,以创建一个轻轨系统。创建LRT系统的主要动机是,由于越来越多的人居住在城市的外围地区和邻近的城市,形成了Wrocław集聚区,导致通往市中心的交通不断增长。作为使用跨城市隧道的高效轻轨系统的一个例子是慕尼黑的S-Bahn系统,其中贯穿市中心的铁路隧道决定了大量的乘客流量,因此是整个城市群的主要交通工具之一。在接下来的部分中,简要讨论了Wrocław铁路枢纽的现状,从而展示了该市创建轻轨系统的巨大潜力。已指明应提供直接通往铁路网的地点。建议修建两条完全从隧道出发的跨径路线。他们的路线应该由在Wrocław中心的文章中指出的交通发电机的位置决定。在总结中,作者提出了建设新路线的好处,并提到了Wrocław交通政策对铁路运输网络发展的需求。建立一条贯穿市中心的新路线将大大增加铁路的运输吸引力,因此,这条新路线将成为在城市和整个Wrocław集聚区建立高效运行的轻轨系统的关键因素。关键词:铁路隧道;跨城路线;集聚铁路;Wrocł啊
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引用次数: 0
Fatigue assessment of 100 years old riveted truss railway bridge 百年铁路桥铆接桁架疲劳评价
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_01_02
Tomasz Siworski, M. Rajchel
Fatigue is one of the most often reasons for failure in existing steel bridges, particularly with riveted structure. Therefore fatigue assessment is always the most important part of the complex evaluation of existing steel bridges. The reliable fatigue assessment is often decisive in the estimation of the remaining service life of a bridge. The example of a comprehensive fatigue assessment of 100 years old riveted truss railway bridge, based on European procedures and codes, has been presented in the paper. The applied procedure is based on the safe life method in the convention of nominal stresses. The bridge assessment revealed, that the remaining fatigue strength was almost exhausted and the further service life of the bridge was close to zero. Taking into account the assessment results it was also revealed, that the existing riveted truss superstructure was not suitable for further use in the railway bridge after its rehabilitation, which aimed to extend the bridge service life by the next 50 years. Keywords: Railway bridge; Steel structure; Truss, riveted joints; Fatigue life
疲劳是现有钢桥,特别是铆接结构钢桥失效的最常见原因之一。因此,疲劳评估一直是既有钢桥综合评估的重要组成部分。在桥梁剩余使用寿命的估计中,可靠的疲劳评估往往是决定性的。本文介绍了基于欧洲规程和规范的百年铁路桥铆接桁架综合疲劳评估实例。应用程序是基于名义应力惯例下的安全寿命法。评估结果表明,桥梁的剩余疲劳强度几乎耗尽,桥梁的进一步使用寿命接近于零。考虑到评估结果,还显示,现有的铆接桁架上层结构不适合在铁路桥梁修复后继续使用,旨在将桥梁的使用寿命延长到未来50年。关键词:铁路桥梁;钢结构;桁架、铆接接头;疲劳寿命
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引用次数: 0
Characteristic degradation processes and defects of reinforced concrete bridges 钢筋混凝土桥梁的特性退化过程与缺陷
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_01_01
J. Bień
Abstract: The unambiguous identification of degradation processes and the damage they cause is a very important part of the diagnostics of bridge facilities and, as a result, has a fundamental impact on the efficient management of the maintenance and operation of transport infrastructure. The paper provides an overview of the degradation phenomena characteristic for reinforced concrete bridges, as well as a classification of degradation stimulators and degradation mechanisms showing their mutual conditions. The characteristics of typical degradation processes, usually combinations of two or more degradation mechanisms, are also presented. A hierarchical multi-level classification of damage to the bridge structure type concerned was proposed, as well as the relationship between the most common degradation mechanisms and class-specific damage was shown. Keywords: Reinforced concrete bridges; Degradation stimulators; Degradation mechanisms; Degradation processes; Damage
摘要:明确识别退化过程及其造成的损坏是桥梁设施诊断的一个非常重要的部分,因此,对交通基础设施的维护和运营的有效管理具有根本影响。本文概述了钢筋混凝土桥梁的退化现象特征,并对退化激励器和退化机制进行了分类,显示了它们的相互条件。还介绍了典型降解过程的特征,通常是两种或多种降解机制的组合。提出了有关桥梁结构类型损伤的分级多级分类,并显示了最常见的退化机制与特定类别损伤之间的关系。关键词:钢筋混凝土桥梁;降解刺激剂;降解机制;降解过程;损坏
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引用次数: 0
Characteristic changes the bending moments in shell of soil-steel structures 土工钢结构壳体弯矩的特性变化
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_01_03
C. Machelski
Abstract: There are two structural subsystems in the soil-steel structure model: a flexible corrugated steel shell and a soil backfill. A characteristic feature of the analyzed structures, in contrast to classic bridges, e.g. brick ones, is a very large influence of the soil backfill on in- ternal forces and deformation of the steel shell. Usually, during construction, the stresses in the shell are many times greater than those arising from the operational loads. In the paper analyzes changes bending moments in the steel shell during the operation of the object as a result of deformation occurring during the construction phase. The test results indicate that the bending moments of the steel structure depends on the geometry of the bridge but with a large influence of the technology of the backfill process. The paper presents an algorithm for esti- mating shell shape changes based on displacements occurring in the construction phase. The examples show a favorable reduction of bending moments in shells with a regular arc. An unfavorable geometry for box-shaped shells has been demonstrated. The results of the analy- sis presented in the paper may be the basis for the measurement methodology in the monitor- ing of soil-steel structure bridges, both during construction and in the operational phase. Keywords: Soil-steel structures; Corrugated sheets; Bending moments; forecast
摘要:土-钢结构模型中有两个结构子系统:柔性波纹钢壳和填土。与传统桥梁(如砖砌桥梁)相比,所分析结构的一个特征是土壤回填对钢壳内力和变形的影响很大。通常,在施工过程中,壳体中的应力比操作载荷产生的应力大很多倍。本文分析了钢壳在施工过程中由于变形而产生的弯矩变化。试验结果表明,钢结构的弯矩取决于桥梁的几何形状,但受回填工艺的影响较大。本文提出了一种基于施工阶段发生的位移估计壳体形状变化的算法。算例表明,有规则圆弧的壳体可以很好地减小弯矩,而箱形壳体的几何形状则不理想。本文的分析结果可能为土工钢结构桥梁在施工和运营阶段的监测提供测量方法的基础。关键词:土工钢结构;瓦楞纸板;弯矩;预测
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引用次数: 0
Determining the moment and form of concluding a passenger transport contract based on the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in joined cases C-349/18 to C-351/18 根据欧盟法院对C-349/18至C-351/18合并案的判决,确定订立客运合同的时间和形式
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_12_03
Karol Lange
The article focuses on discussing the norms of Polish transport law and European Union regulations on the correctly defined of the moment and form of concluding a contract of passengers transport in railway systems. The article also describes the problem of discourse between the content of these legal norms and the jurisprudence practice and doctrine opinion. Moreover, was performed to present a comparative analysis of the relation of the Court of justice of the European Union judgment to the norms of Polish and European law and the case law. Commented on the practices of carriers in regulating the said matter. Internal law acts applicable to the means of transport of Polish railway companies were also analyzed. Keywords: Transport law; Contract of passenger transport; European Union law; Railway transport
本文重点讨论了波兰运输法和欧盟法规对铁路系统旅客运输合同订立时机和形式的正确定义。文章还论述了这些法律规范的内容与法学实践和学说观点之间的话语问题。此外,还对欧洲联盟法院的判决与波兰和欧洲法律规范以及判例法的关系进行了比较分析。评论了承运人在规范上述事项方面的做法。还分析了适用于波兰铁路公司运输工具的国内法。关键词:运输法;客运合同;欧洲联盟法律;铁路运输
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引用次数: 0
Will there be a renaissance in rail transport after 2021? 2021年后,铁路运输业会复兴吗?
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_12_01
Henryk Zielaskiewicz, Przemysław Ciszak
As year 2021 was announced the year of rail transport, by the decision made by the EU Council and Parliament on 23rd December 2020, the authors of this article present the history of railway development in Europe and in Poland. The directions of changes in transport policy in the last years of previous century and the early years of this century were not positive for the development of railway. Thou, there is an opportunity for this branch of transport to experience a renaissance. In the article some trends of current changes are shown. A year to year increase in traffic congestions as well as the awareness to protect the natural environment cause that this branch of transport has good perspectives of development. The use of modern technology in rolling stock and in passenger transport infrastructure contribute to the increase of speed, reliability and comfort of travelling and what is more regaining the clients. To minimize the negative influence of transport on environment it is crucial to develop cargo transport. Keywords: Railway transport; Train; Railway development
根据欧盟理事会和议会于2020年12月23日作出的决定,2021年被宣布为铁路运输年,本文作者介绍了欧洲和波兰铁路发展的历史。上世纪末和本世纪初交通政策的变化方向对铁路的发展并不积极。你,这一运输部门有机会经历一次复兴。文章中显示了当前变化的一些趋势。交通拥堵的逐年增加以及保护自然环境的意识使这一交通部门具有良好的发展前景。在机车车辆和客运基础设施中使用现代技术有助于提高旅行的速度、可靠性和舒适性,更重要的是重新获得客户。为了最大限度地减少运输对环境的负面影响,发展货物运输至关重要。关键词:铁路运输;火车铁路发展
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引用次数: 0
Accessibility of bus stops - a problem with platform width 公交车站的可达性——站台宽度的问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_12_02
Barbara Rymsza, Krzysztof Kasperczak
The article is devoted to the problem of accessibility of bus stop platforms for the disabled. The author analyzes the current legal status - the applicable regulations regarding the minimum length, width and height of the platform, as well as the implementation practices which they compare with the needs of people in wheelchairs and scooters. They demonstrate and justifi es the need to make corrections to the above mentioned legal provisions or interpretations - making platforms in the proposed variant. Keywords: Roads; Bus-stops; Disabled
本文探讨了公交站台的无障碍问题。分析了目前的法律现状——关于平台的最小长度、宽度和高度的适用规定,以及与轮椅和踏板车的人的需求进行比较的实施做法。它们证明并证明有必要对拟议变式中的上述法律规定或解释作出更正。关键词:道路;公交站台;禁用
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引用次数: 0
How to protect data in the face of remote operation? 面对远程操作,如何保护数据?
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_11_03
M. Wach
The current epidemiological situation has a stigma on entrepreneurs, posing challenges related to maintaining business continuity. In previous articles on the protection of personal data, we focused, among others on the reduction of biological exposure of employees or the protection of personal data as part of the collection of medical data of employees and customers / potential customers of enterprises by entrepreneurs. However, these aspects focus on situations where the presence of employees in workplaces is essential. So what is the data protection situation for entities in which it is possible to transfer all or some part of their activities to remote mode and what rules should be followed? Keywords: Remote operation mode; Epidemic; Undertaking
目前的流行病状况给企业家带来了耻辱,给维持业务连续性带来了挑战。在之前关于保护个人数据的文章中,我们重点讨论了减少员工的生物暴露或保护个人数据,作为企业家收集企业员工和客户/潜在客户医疗数据的一部分。然而,这些方面侧重于员工在工作场所的存在至关重要的情况。那么,对于可以将其全部或部分活动转移到远程模式的实体,数据保护情况如何?应该遵守哪些规则?关键词:远程操作模式;流行病事业
{"title":"How to protect data in the face of remote operation?","authors":"M. Wach","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_20_11_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_11_03","url":null,"abstract":"The current epidemiological situation has a stigma on entrepreneurs, posing challenges related to maintaining business continuity. In previous articles on the protection of personal data, we focused, among others on the reduction of biological exposure of employees or the protection of personal data as part of the collection of medical data of employees and customers / potential customers of enterprises by entrepreneurs. However, these aspects focus on situations where the presence of employees in workplaces is essential. So what is the data protection situation for entities in which it is possible to transfer all or some part of their activities to remote mode and what rules should be followed? Keywords: Remote operation mode; Epidemic; Undertaking","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exclusion of a contractor from participation in a public procurement procedure as a result of contract termination for reasons attributable to them 因承包商原因终止合同而使其无法参与公共采购程序
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_11_04
Justyna Bójko, Malgorzata Puto
The article describes obligatory and optional grounds for excluding a contractor on the basis of Polish Public Procurement Law, taking into account the jurisprudence and views of the doctrine. The attention is paid to the optional ground based on art. 24 sec. 5 point 4 of the Polish Act of January 29, 2004, Public Procurement Law, according to which the contracting authority may exclude from the procurement procedure contractors who, for reasons attributable to them, failed to perform or to a significant extent improperly performed a prior public procurement contract or concession contract concluded with the contracting authority, which led to termination or awarding compensation. In order to be able to use the institution, the contracting party must include an appropriate clause in the contract, providing for the possibility of terminating the contract or awarding damages due to contractor’s non- performance or improper performance of the contract, which is a common practice on the Polish public procurement market. However, in the event of such a clause, the contracting authority is obliged to apply it if the condition is met. The article also describes the self- cleaning institution, derived from art. 57 sec. 6 of Directive 2014/24/EU. The self-cleaning procedure can protect the contractor from being excluded from future tenders. However, In order to take advantage of self-cleaning, the contractor has to admit that non-performance or improper performance of the contract is their fault. Keywords: Exclusion; Contractor; Agreement
该条阐述了根据《波兰公共采购法》排除承包商的强制性和选择性理由,同时考虑到该原则的判例和观点。注意到根据2004年1月29日波兰《公共采购法》第24条第5款第4点的可选理由,根据该法,订约当局可将因其原因,未能履行或在很大程度上不当履行先前与订约当局签订的公共采购合同或特许权合同,导致合同终止或给予赔偿。为了能够使用该机构,缔约方必须在合同中加入适当的条款,规定由于承包商不履行或不当履行合同而终止合同或判给损害赔偿的可能性,这是波兰公共采购市场上的常见做法。但是,在出现这种条款的情况下,如果满足条件,订约当局有义务适用该条款。文章还描述了自清洁机构,衍生自第57条第6节的指令2014/24/EU。自清洁程序可以保护承包商不被排除在未来的投标之外。然而,为了利用自我清洁的优势,承包商必须承认不履行或不适当履行合同是他们的过错。关键词:排除;承包人协定
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Przeglad Komunikacyjny
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