Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016
Mustapha Amoadu , William Akoto-Buabeng , Isaac Tetteh Commey , Frederick Acheampong Nimo , Edward Odoom , Godfred Cobbinah , Jones Abekah Baah , Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni
Background
Depression are common among heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers due to occupational stressors. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of depression among HGV drivers in Ghana.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey involving 1575 HGV drivers was conducted. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, and predictors were identified through hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis. Jamovi statistical software version 2.6.17 was used for the analysis.
Results
The study found that 75.9% of drivers exhibited some level of depression, with 28.3% reporting mild symptoms, 32.7% moderate symptoms, and 14.9% severe symptoms. In the final model, risk factors of depression among HGV drivers included being overweight or obese, lack of regular exercise, lone driving, and irregular shift work. Drivers with job insecurity, low supervisor support, low skill discretion, and low decision autonomy were also more likely to report depression. Drivers who were not using smokeless tobacco and those with regular shift work had lower odds of depression. Surprisingly, low job demands were associated with higher depression. Variables such as age, education, daily driving hours, co-worker support, RTCs, and sleep problems did not have statistically significant association with depression in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Data from this study suggests that depression are highly prevalent among HGV drivers in Ghana, driven by both individual and occupational factors. These findings indicate the need for tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms to address workplace stressors and promote driver well-being in Ghana.
{"title":"Prevalence and severity of depression among heavy goods vehicle drivers in Ghana","authors":"Mustapha Amoadu , William Akoto-Buabeng , Isaac Tetteh Commey , Frederick Acheampong Nimo , Edward Odoom , Godfred Cobbinah , Jones Abekah Baah , Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression are common among heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers due to occupational stressors. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of depression among HGV drivers in Ghana.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey involving 1575 HGV drivers was conducted. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, and predictors were identified through hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis. Jamovi statistical software version 2.6.17 was used for the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 75.9% of drivers exhibited some level of depression, with 28.3% reporting mild symptoms, 32.7% moderate symptoms, and 14.9% severe symptoms. In the final model, risk factors of depression among HGV drivers included being overweight or obese, lack of regular exercise, lone driving, and irregular shift work. Drivers with job insecurity, low supervisor support, low skill discretion, and low decision autonomy were also more likely to report depression. Drivers who were not using smokeless tobacco and those with regular shift work had lower odds of depression. Surprisingly, low job demands were associated with higher depression. Variables such as age, education, daily driving hours, co-worker support, RTCs, and sleep problems did not have statistically significant association with depression in the multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Data from this study suggests that depression are highly prevalent among HGV drivers in Ghana, driven by both individual and occupational factors. These findings indicate the need for tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms to address workplace stressors and promote driver well-being in Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101024
Aaron M. Rubanowitz , Brendan E. Hines , Varun Shravah , Mike Almasri , Elaina J. Vitale , Tyler Owen , Stephen L. Aita , Nicholas C. Borgogna , Nikhil Teja
Background
Depressive disorders affect approximately 280 million people worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity. Current treatments, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, have limitations in efficacy and tolerability. Deliberate heat exposure (DHE) refers to the controlled exposure to heat through instruments such as saunas, steam showers, or hot baths. DHE has emerged as a potential novel intervention for depressive symptoms. Despite this, no synthesis of the empirical evidence exists.
Aims
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DHE’s effects on depressive symptoms.
Method
A systematic search strategy was applied to databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycArticles, Cochrane Library) to identify RCTs of DHE for depression published between 1980 and 2025. DHE interventions encompassed infrared whole-body hyperthermia devices, far-infrared ray dry saunas, hyperthermic baths, and balneotherapy. The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms measured by validated scales. Extracted effects from included studies were pooled using Hedges’ g. Analyses were conducted using the random effects model. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess each RCT’s risk of bias.
Results
Seven studies involving 363 participants were included. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small but statistically significant effect of DHE in reducing depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52). Effect sizes ranged from 0.08 to 0.77 across studies. DHE showed greater efficacy when compared to passive controls (g = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.04-1.03) than active controls (g = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.49). Some studies reported rapid onset of improvement within two weeks. DHE was also associated with improvements in sleep quality, pain, and fatigue.
Conclusions
DHE demonstrates a small but significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms. Methodological limitations include small sample sizes and intervention heterogeneity, which necessitates larger more rigorous trials to determine a more definitive clinical role for DHE in depression management and determine optimal DHE protocols. While methodological limitations necessitate larger trials to establish definitive protocols, these consistent findings, combined with strong biological plausibility and apparent safety profile, may inform discussions between clinicians and selected patients seeking experimental non-pharmacological approaches.
{"title":"Deliberate heat exposure for depressive disorders: A systematic review & meta-analysis","authors":"Aaron M. Rubanowitz , Brendan E. Hines , Varun Shravah , Mike Almasri , Elaina J. Vitale , Tyler Owen , Stephen L. Aita , Nicholas C. Borgogna , Nikhil Teja","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depressive disorders affect approximately 280 million people worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity. Current treatments, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, have limitations in efficacy and tolerability. Deliberate heat exposure (DHE) refers to the controlled exposure to heat through instruments such as saunas, steam showers, or hot baths. DHE has emerged as a potential novel intervention for depressive symptoms. Despite this, no synthesis of the empirical evidence exists.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DHE’s effects on depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic search strategy was applied to databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycArticles, Cochrane Library) to identify RCTs of DHE for depression published between 1980 and 2025. DHE interventions encompassed infrared whole-body hyperthermia devices, far-infrared ray dry saunas, hyperthermic baths, and balneotherapy. The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms measured by validated scales. Extracted effects from included studies were pooled using Hedges’ <em>g</em>. Analyses were conducted using the random effects model. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess each RCT’s risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven studies involving 363 participants were included. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small but statistically significant effect of DHE in reducing depressive symptoms (Hedges' <em>g</em> = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52). Effect sizes ranged from 0.08 to 0.77 across studies. DHE showed greater efficacy when compared to passive controls (<em>g</em> = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.04-1.03) than active controls (<em>g</em> = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.49). Some studies reported rapid onset of improvement within two weeks. DHE was also associated with improvements in sleep quality, pain, and fatigue.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DHE demonstrates a small but significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms. Methodological limitations include small sample sizes and intervention heterogeneity, which necessitates larger more rigorous trials to determine a more definitive clinical role for DHE in depression management and determine optimal DHE protocols. While methodological limitations necessitate larger trials to establish definitive protocols, these consistent findings, combined with strong biological plausibility and apparent safety profile, may inform discussions between clinicians and selected patients seeking experimental non-pharmacological approaches.</div><div>PROSPERO registration (CRD42023471821)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101022
Clara Khuon , Gabriel Tillman , George Van Doorn , Jacob Dye , Kimberley A. McFarlane , Bridianne O’Dea , Taylor A. Braund
The study of ‘linguistic markers’ has gained prominence as a method of exploring how depressive symptoms are reflected in language use. In the context of depression, existing research has predominantly focused on perspectives of analysis related to language meaning and thematic content (e.g., semantics). In contrast, techniques that examine the underlying structure and grammatical composition of language (e.g., syntax) remain a novel application for identifying text-based markers of depression. Digital phenotyping enables the efficient collection of written text samples through digital, remote, and low-cost methodologies, making written language a practical and scalable target for research. Coinciding with advancements of natural language processing, this creates the timely opportunity to conduct the automated analysis of text samples. As such, this paper provides an overview of language analysis techniques for the examination of linguistic markers of depression. In particular, we focus on perspectives of structural language analysis, highlighting syntactic complexity and referential cohesion as potential markers, and the insight these features may provide into the linguistic manifestations of depressive symptoms. We discuss the clinical translation of content-based markers of depression through digital phenotyping and just-in-time adaptive interventions, and the potential benefit of incorporating structure-based markers of language. Finally, we discuss automated language analysis tools for their use in clinical and research settings.
{"title":"Identifying structural linguistic markers of depression in written text: A narrative review of language analysis methods","authors":"Clara Khuon , Gabriel Tillman , George Van Doorn , Jacob Dye , Kimberley A. McFarlane , Bridianne O’Dea , Taylor A. Braund","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of ‘linguistic markers’ has gained prominence as a method of exploring how depressive symptoms are reflected in language use. In the context of depression, existing research has predominantly focused on perspectives of analysis related to language meaning and thematic content (e.g., semantics). In contrast, techniques that examine the underlying structure and grammatical composition of language (e.g., syntax) remain a novel application for identifying text-based markers of depression. Digital phenotyping enables the efficient collection of written text samples through digital, remote, and low-cost methodologies, making written language a practical and scalable target for research. Coinciding with advancements of natural language processing, this creates the timely opportunity to conduct the automated analysis of text samples. As such, this paper provides an overview of language analysis techniques for the examination of linguistic markers of depression. In particular, we focus on perspectives of structural language analysis, highlighting syntactic complexity and referential cohesion as potential markers, and the insight these features may provide into the linguistic manifestations of depressive symptoms. We discuss the clinical translation of content-based markers of depression through digital phenotyping and just-in-time adaptive interventions, and the potential benefit of incorporating structure-based markers of language. Finally, we discuss automated language analysis tools for their use in clinical and research settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treating patients with repeated suicide attempts and/or self-harm episodes is an important issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for the number of repeated suicide attempts and overall self-harm episodes among patients admitted to emergency departments because of an index suicide attempt.
Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials in Japan. The participants were adult patients who were admitted to emergency departments for a suicide attempt and had a DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder. Outcomes were the number of repeated suicide attempt episodes, and the number of repeated overall self-harm episodes per person-year. Multivariate Poisson analysis was conducted by sex.
Results
914 patients were analyzed. The multivariate analysis in men for the number of repeated overall self-harm episodes revealed significant associations with age, substance-related disorder, drinking alcohol, and visiting a psychiatrist. In women, age, psychiatric disorder, drinking alcohol, visiting a psychiatrist, education, employment, being married, living with partner or family, previous suicide attempts, and drug overdose involving admission to an emergency department were identified as significant factors.
Limitations
Patients who self-harmed but were not admitted to an emergency department, and patients under 20 years old were excluded.
Conclusions
A common risk factor for both repeated suicide attempts and repeated overall self-harm in both men and women was visiting a psychiatrist within 1 month or within >3 months before the index suicide attempt. The role of psychiatric medical institutions in preventing repeat suicide attempts is considered to be important.
{"title":"Risk factors for repeated suicide attempts and self-harm among suicide attempters admitted to emergency departments: A secondary analysis of the ACTION-J study","authors":"Yoshitaka Kawashima , Naohiro Yonemoto , Ryuichiro Narishige , Yasushi Otaka , Takao Ito , Hisako Yamada , Yoshio Hirayasu , Chiaki Kawanishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Treating patients with repeated suicide attempts and/or self-harm episodes is an important issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for the number of repeated suicide attempts and overall self-harm episodes among patients admitted to emergency departments because of an index suicide attempt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials in Japan. The participants were adult patients who were admitted to emergency departments for a suicide attempt and had a DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder. Outcomes were the number of repeated suicide attempt episodes, and the number of repeated overall self-harm episodes per person-year. Multivariate Poisson analysis was conducted by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>914 patients were analyzed. The multivariate analysis in men for the number of repeated overall self-harm episodes revealed significant associations with age, substance-related disorder, drinking alcohol, and visiting a psychiatrist. In women, age, psychiatric disorder, drinking alcohol, visiting a psychiatrist, education, employment, being married, living with partner or family, previous suicide attempts, and drug overdose involving admission to an emergency department were identified as significant factors.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Patients who self-harmed but were not admitted to an emergency department, and patients under 20 years old were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A common risk factor for both repeated suicide attempts and repeated overall self-harm in both men and women was visiting a psychiatrist within 1 month or within >3 months before the index suicide attempt. The role of psychiatric medical institutions in preventing repeat suicide attempts is considered to be important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101023
Florencia Elena Saposnik , Jorge Maurino , Susana Sainz de la Maza , Angela Kwan , Tamara Castillo-Triviño , Rocío Gómez-Ballesteros
Objective
To assess the association between psychological distress and self-reported multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom severity, and to determine whether illness perceptions mediates this relationship in patients recently diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS).
Methods
We conducted a multicenter, non-interventional study including RRMS adult patients (disease duration of ≤18 months) residing in Spain. Participants completed self-reported measures on demographics, MS symptoms (SyMS), mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and perceptions of their RRMS (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, B-IPQ).
Results
A total of 189 participants were included [mean age (SD) of 36.6 (9.4) years and 70.6% female]. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between HADS and SyMS (β = 0.661, 95%CI: 0.77,1.07; p<.001). The mediation analysis revealed that illness perception significantly and partially mediated the relationship between HADS and SyMS (β= 0.138, p<.001, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.20). These findings remained consistent following the adjustment for other clinical and radiological measures.
Conclusion
Psychological distress and a more negative illness perception are primary factors associated with greater self-reported MS symptom burden in recently diagnosed RRMS patients. Interventions targeting illness perception may help mitigate the impact of psychological distress on patient-reported MS outcomes.
{"title":"The mediating role of illness perception in the association between psychological distress and symptom reporting in early-stage multiple sclerosis patients","authors":"Florencia Elena Saposnik , Jorge Maurino , Susana Sainz de la Maza , Angela Kwan , Tamara Castillo-Triviño , Rocío Gómez-Ballesteros","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the association between psychological distress and self-reported multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom severity, and to determine whether illness perceptions mediates this relationship in patients recently diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter, non-interventional study including RRMS adult patients (disease duration of ≤18 months) residing in Spain. Participants completed self-reported measures on demographics, MS symptoms (SyMS), mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and perceptions of their RRMS (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, B-IPQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 189 participants were included [mean age (SD) of 36.6 (9.4) years and 70.6% female]. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between HADS and SyMS (<em>β =</em> 0.661, 95%CI: 0.77,1.07; <em>p</em><.001). The mediation analysis revealed that illness perception significantly and partially mediated the relationship between HADS and SyMS <strong>(</strong><em>β</em> <strong>= 0.138, <em>p</em><.001, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.20). These findings remained consistent following the adjustment for other clinical and radiological measures.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Psychological distress and a more negative illness perception are primary factors associated with greater self-reported MS symptom burden in recently diagnosed RRMS patients. Interventions targeting illness perception may help mitigate the impact of psychological distress on patient-reported MS outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101013
Eline Eigenhuis , Karin Remmerswaal , Simone Schopman , Anna D.T. Muntingh , Rosa E. Boeschoten , Patricia van Oppen , Neeltje M. Batelaan
Background
Common mental disorders such as anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders often have a chronic course, with a substantial proportion of patients not responding adequately to standard treatments. Dysfunctional personality traits appear to contribute to treatment resistance. Schema therapy (ST) targets early maladaptive schemas and has proven effective for personality disorders. This pilot study examines the feasibility and outcome of group ST for non-responding patients with common mental disorders.
Material and methods
Seventy-nine outpatients with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, depression, or somatoform disorders who had not responded sufficiently to prior treatment, participated in this study. A six-week ST introduction group was offered, followed by a diagnosis-specific ST group for up to 30 weeks. Feasibility was assessed through dropout rates and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Clinical outcomes were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), before and after treatment and at three month follow up.
Results
Dropout rates were moderate, and participant satisfaction was high, indicating strong acceptability and engagement. Significant improvements were observed in anxiety, depression, and disability, with benefits persisting at 3 months after treatment.
Limitations
The non-controlled design limits causal conclusions. Also, mechanisms of change remain unclear. Although controlled for, high rates of missing data weaken the robustness of findings.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that group-ST may be a feasible and potentially effective treatment for non-responding patients and are consistent with prior evidence indicating that schema therapy could have broader applicability beyond personality disorders.
{"title":"Group schema therapy in non-responding patients with common mental disorders: a pilot study","authors":"Eline Eigenhuis , Karin Remmerswaal , Simone Schopman , Anna D.T. Muntingh , Rosa E. Boeschoten , Patricia van Oppen , Neeltje M. Batelaan","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Common mental disorders such as anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders often have a chronic course, with a substantial proportion of patients not responding adequately to standard treatments. Dysfunctional personality traits appear to contribute to treatment resistance. Schema therapy (ST) targets early maladaptive schemas and has proven effective for personality disorders. This pilot study examines the feasibility and outcome of group ST for non-responding patients with common mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Seventy-nine outpatients with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, depression, or somatoform disorders who had not responded sufficiently to prior treatment, participated in this study. A six-week ST introduction group was offered, followed by a diagnosis-specific ST group for up to 30 weeks. Feasibility was assessed through dropout rates and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Clinical outcomes were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), before and after treatment and at three month follow up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dropout rates were moderate, and participant satisfaction was high, indicating strong acceptability and engagement. Significant improvements were observed in anxiety, depression, and disability, with benefits persisting at 3 months after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The non-controlled design limits causal conclusions. Also, mechanisms of change remain unclear. Although controlled for, high rates of missing data weaken the robustness of findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that group-ST may be a feasible and potentially effective treatment for non-responding patients and are consistent with prior evidence indicating that schema therapy could have broader applicability beyond personality disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101005
Jennifer Matthewson , Steven Jones , Gillian Haddock , Elizabeth Tyler
Background
Despite evidence that the mental health experiences of older adults are qualitatively different to those of younger adults, little research has investigated the recovery preferences of people aged 60 years and over (Chen et al., 2027). This paper presents the first measure of personal recovery developed specifically for older adults with bipolar disorder (BD).
Methods
Collaboration with older adults who had lived experience of BD, clinicians and academics supported the development of the Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire for Older Adults (BRQ-OA). A total of 55 participants aged 60+ (mean=66.98, SD=8.19) with a diagnosis of BD completed the BRQ-OA alongside symptom and quality of life measures. The BRQ-OA was completed again four weeks later. It was hypothesised that the BRQ-OA would be a reliable and valid measure of personal recovery.
Results
The BRQ-OA had good internal consistency, and scores were reliable over a 4-week period. Scores on the BRQ-OA were significantly associated with lower depression and mania scores and higher scores on quality of life and functioning measures.
Limitations
Small sample size restricted understanding of factors underlying the BRQ-OA. Participants were primarily White British with high levels of education, therefore generalisability to other groups is unclear.
Conclusions
Findings indicate the BRQ-OA is a reliable and valid measure of personal recovery for older adults with BD. Scores are significantly associated with factors commonly defined as part of personal recovery. This is the first mental health measure designed with and for older adults to support the use of recovery-focused approaches in clinical practice and research.
尽管有证据表明老年人的心理健康经历与年轻人有质的不同，但很少有研究调查60岁及以上人群的康复偏好（Chen et al., 2027）。本文提出了个人康复的第一个措施开发专门为老年人双相情感障碍（BD）。方法与有双相障碍生活经历的老年人、临床医生和学者合作，支持开发老年人双相障碍康复问卷（BRQ-OA）。共有55名60岁以上（平均66.98，SD=8.19）诊断为双相障碍的参与者完成了BRQ-OA以及症状和生活质量测量。四周后再次完成BRQ-OA。假设BRQ-OA是一种可靠有效的个人康复测量方法。结果BRQ-OA具有良好的内部一致性，评分在4周内可靠。BRQ-OA得分与抑郁和躁狂症得分较低以及生活质量和功能测量得分较高显著相关。局限性：样本量小限制了对BRQ-OA潜在因素的理解。参与者主要是受过高等教育的英国白人，因此对其他群体的普遍性尚不清楚。结论：研究结果表明，BRQ-OA是一种可靠有效的老年双相障碍患者个人恢复的测量方法。得分与通常定义为个人恢复部分的因素显着相关。这是第一个为老年人设计的心理健康措施，以支持在临床实践和研究中使用以康复为重点的方法。
{"title":"Developing and evaluating a questionnaire to assess personal recovery experiences in older people with bipolar disorder","authors":"Jennifer Matthewson , Steven Jones , Gillian Haddock , Elizabeth Tyler","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite evidence that the mental health experiences of older adults are qualitatively different to those of younger adults, little research has investigated the recovery preferences of people aged 60 years and over (Chen et al., 2027). This paper presents the first measure of personal recovery developed specifically for older adults with bipolar disorder (BD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Collaboration with older adults who had lived experience of BD, clinicians and academics supported the development of the Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire for Older Adults (BRQ-OA). A total of 55 participants aged 60+ (mean=66.98, SD=8.19) with a diagnosis of BD completed the BRQ-OA alongside symptom and quality of life measures. The BRQ-OA was completed again four weeks later. It was hypothesised that the BRQ-OA would be a reliable and valid measure of personal recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BRQ-OA had good internal consistency, and scores were reliable over a 4-week period. Scores on the BRQ-OA were significantly associated with lower depression and mania scores and higher scores on quality of life and functioning measures.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Small sample size restricted understanding of factors underlying the BRQ-OA. Participants were primarily White British with high levels of education, therefore generalisability to other groups is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings indicate the BRQ-OA is a reliable and valid measure of personal recovery for older adults with BD. Scores are significantly associated with factors commonly defined as part of personal recovery. This is the first mental health measure designed with and for older adults to support the use of recovery-focused approaches in clinical practice and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101015
Javier Díaz Esteban-Herreros , Miriam Garrido-Miguel , Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno , Ana Isabel Torres-Costoso , Asunción Ferri-Morales , Igor Cigarroa , Juan Moreno-García , Elizabeth Bravo-Esteban
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Machine learning prediction of psychological resilience: An analysis of health and self-perception variables” [Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, Volume 23 (January 2026) 1-9 101000]","authors":"Javier Díaz Esteban-Herreros , Miriam Garrido-Miguel , Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno , Ana Isabel Torres-Costoso , Asunción Ferri-Morales , Igor Cigarroa , Juan Moreno-García , Elizabeth Bravo-Esteban","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101014
J. Douglas Bremner , Matthew T. Wittbrodt , Nil Z. Gurel , Jonathon A. Nye , Md Mobashir H. Shandhi , Asim H. Gazi , Amit J. Shah , Victoria Amorim , Bradley D. Pearce , Viola Vaccarino , Omer T. Inan
Objective
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent condition, and current treatments have limitations. Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is a new approach that potentially has promise for PTSD. Understanding the neurobiology of treatment response is important for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess neural correlations of long-term transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) in patients with PTSD.
Methods
Patients with PTSD underwent randomization to active tcVNS (N = 6) or sham stimulation (N = 5) twice daily for three months. High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography scanning with radiolabeled water was used to measure brain blood flow measurements before and after treatment during exposure to personalized traumatic scripts paired with active or sham stimulation.
Results
Three months of active tcVNS resulted in activation in response to traumatic scripts in the sham stimulation group not seen in the tcVNS group in brain areas mediating the fear response, including posterior cingulate, thalamus, temporal and parietal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus, with an increase in medial prefrontal cortex with tcVNS, in patients with PTSD.
Conclusion
TcVNS affects brain areas mediating fear and emotion which may underlie a therapeutic effect for PTSD.
{"title":"A pilot study of brain correlates of long-term treatment with transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"J. Douglas Bremner , Matthew T. Wittbrodt , Nil Z. Gurel , Jonathon A. Nye , Md Mobashir H. Shandhi , Asim H. Gazi , Amit J. Shah , Victoria Amorim , Bradley D. Pearce , Viola Vaccarino , Omer T. Inan","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent condition, and current treatments have limitations. Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is a new approach that potentially has promise for PTSD. Understanding the neurobiology of treatment response is important for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess neural correlations of long-term transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) in patients with PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with PTSD underwent randomization to active tcVNS (<em>N</em> = 6) or sham stimulation (<em>N</em> = 5) twice daily for three months. High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography scanning with radiolabeled water was used to measure brain blood flow measurements before and after treatment during exposure to personalized traumatic scripts paired with active or sham stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three months of active tcVNS resulted in activation in response to traumatic scripts in the sham stimulation group not seen in the tcVNS group in brain areas mediating the fear response, including posterior cingulate, thalamus, temporal and parietal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus, with an increase in medial prefrontal cortex with tcVNS, in patients with PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TcVNS affects brain areas mediating fear and emotion which may underlie a therapeutic effect for PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101012
Darío Moreno-Agostino , Giorgio Di Gessa
Objectives
To understand how population mental health levels and inequalities in these are in the post-lockdown world compared to before the pandemic in adults aged 50 and older.
Methods
We used data from three Waves (2016–2017, n = 7191; 2018–2019, n = 7286; and 2021–2023, n = 6249) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using linear and modified Poisson regression models, we investigated whether prevalence of high depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and loneliness, and quality-of-life levels changed across time points overall and by gender, living situation, and wealth quintiles. Models were adjusted for age group, gender, education, and long-standing illnesses.
Results
No significant differences were found between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. However, compared to 2018–2019, prevalence of high depressive symptoms (RR2021–2023 = 1.23[95 %CI 1.12;1.34], p < 0.001), loneliness (RR2021–2023 = 1.32[1.22;1.42], p < 0.001) and quality-of-life levels (B2021–2023 = -1.84 [-2.21;-1.48], p < 0.001) were worse by 2021–2023. Pre-existing inequalities by gender, living arrangements, and wealth were not significantly different after the pandemic, except for depression, where gaps were significantly smaller by gender (RR2021–2023*women = 0.72[0.59;0.89], p = 0.002) and, to a smaller extent, living situation (RR2021–2023*not_alone=1.22[1.02;1.47], p = 0.026).
Conclusion
Population mental health levels in the population aged 50 and older seem to have declined after the pandemic, and inequalities within the population persist.
目的了解封锁后与大流行前相比，50岁及以上成年人的心理健康水平和不平等情况。方法采用英国老龄化纵向研究的三期（2016-2017年，n = 7191； 2018-2019年，n = 7286； 2021-2023年，n = 6249）数据。使用线性和修正泊松回归模型，我们调查了高抑郁症状、焦虑和孤独的患病率以及生活质量水平是否在整体时间点、性别、生活状况和财富五分位数之间发生变化。模型根据年龄组、性别、教育程度和长期疾病进行了调整。结果2016-2017年与2018-2019年无显著差异。然而，与2018-2019年相比，2021-2023年高抑郁症状（RR2021-2023 = 1.23[95% CI 1.12;1.34], p < 0.001）、孤独感（RR2021-2023 = 1.32[1.22;1.42], p < 0.001）和生活质量水平（B2021-2023 = -1.84 [-2.21;-1.48], p < 0.001）的患病率更差。大流行之后，性别、生活安排和财富方面存在的不平等现象没有显著差异，但抑郁症方面的性别差距明显较小（RR2021-2023 *women = 0.72[0.59;0.89], p = 0.002），生活状况方面的差距较小（RR2021-2023 *not_alone=1.22[1.02;1.47], p = 0.026）。结论大流行后，50岁及以上人群的心理健康水平似乎有所下降，人群内部的不平等现象仍然存在。
{"title":"Mental health in adults aged 50+ since the COVID-19 pandemic: Are we (all) back to ‘normal’? evidence from England","authors":"Darío Moreno-Agostino , Giorgio Di Gessa","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To understand how population mental health levels and inequalities in these are in the post-lockdown world compared to before the pandemic in adults aged 50 and older.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from three Waves (2016–2017, <em>n</em> = 7191; 2018–2019, <em>n</em> = 7286; and 2021–2023, <em>n</em> = 6249) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using linear and modified Poisson regression models, we investigated whether prevalence of high depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and loneliness, and quality-of-life levels changed across time points overall and by gender, living situation, and wealth quintiles. Models were adjusted for age group, gender, education, and long-standing illnesses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. However, compared to 2018–2019, prevalence of high depressive symptoms (RR<sub>2021–2023</sub> = 1.23[95 %CI 1.12;1.34], <em>p</em> < 0.001), loneliness (RR<sub>2021–2023</sub> = 1.32[1.22;1.42], <em>p</em> < 0.001) and quality-of-life levels (B<sub>2021–2023</sub> = -1.84 [-2.21;-1.48], <em>p</em> < 0.001) were worse by 2021–2023. Pre-existing inequalities by gender, living arrangements, and wealth were not significantly different after the pandemic, except for depression, where gaps were significantly smaller by gender (RR<sub>2021–2023*women</sub> = 0.72[0.59;0.89], <em>p</em> = 0.002) and, to a smaller extent, living situation (RR<sub>2021–2023*not_alone</sub>=1.22[1.02;1.47], <em>p</em> = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Population mental health levels in the population aged 50 and older seem to have declined after the pandemic, and inequalities within the population persist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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