Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100841
Laura Williams, Warren Bartik, Suzie Cosh
Background
Young people (14–25 years) have the lowest tendency to seek mental health services, despite being the population with the highest prevalence of mental illness. Past help-seeking literature frequently identifies stigma as a key barrier to accessing services within this age group. As young people use the internet as their predominant source for health information, this systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of online anti-stigma interventions on reducing young people's self-stigma and perceived public stigma towards mental health help-seeking.
Method
A search was conducted on four electronic databases, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, and PubMed in February 2023. Eligible studies contained: (i) participants between the ages of 14 and 25 years; (ii) were conducted online and utilised anti-stigma (self-stigma and/or public) intervention methods for mental health help-seeking; (iii) assessed changes in help-seeking attitudes, intentions, or behaviours for common mental health problems of depression, anxiety, emotional distress, self-harm, or suicidal thoughts. Six studies were eligible for this review.
Results
Online anti-stigma interventions were mostly successful in reducing public stigma, and to a lesser degree self-stigma, and in improving young people's help-seeking intentions with some evidence also suggesting positive trends regarding increases in help-seeking behaviour and improved attitudes.
Limitations
Due to limited eligible studies and the heterogeneity of the research, generalisations should be made with caution.
Conclusions
This review demonstrates the need for higher quality evaluations that utilise health behaviour models and can effectively assess the interplay between relevant variables and allow for the assessment of long-term intervention effects.
{"title":"Online anti-stigma interventions for mental health help-seeking in young people: A systematic review","authors":"Laura Williams, Warren Bartik, Suzie Cosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young people (14–25 years) have the lowest tendency to seek mental health services, despite being the population with the highest prevalence of mental illness. Past help-seeking literature frequently identifies stigma as a key barrier to accessing services within this age group. As young people use the internet as their predominant source for health information, this systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of online anti-stigma interventions on reducing young people's self-stigma and perceived public stigma towards mental health help-seeking.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A search was conducted on four electronic databases, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, and PubMed in February 2023. Eligible studies contained: (i) participants between the ages of 14 and 25 years; (ii) were conducted online and utilised anti-stigma (self-stigma and/or public) intervention methods for mental health help-seeking; (iii) assessed changes in help-seeking attitudes, intentions, or behaviours for common mental health problems of depression, anxiety, emotional distress, self-harm, or suicidal thoughts. Six studies were eligible for this review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Online anti-stigma interventions were mostly successful in reducing public stigma, and to a lesser degree self-stigma, and in improving young people's help-seeking intentions with some evidence also suggesting positive trends regarding increases in help-seeking behaviour and improved attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Due to limited eligible studies and the heterogeneity of the research, generalisations should be made with caution.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review demonstrates the need for higher quality evaluations that utilise health behaviour models and can effectively assess the interplay between relevant variables and allow for the assessment of long-term intervention effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100844
Christian Wellnhofer , Claudia Preuschhof
Objective
This systematic review aims to present a comprehensive overview of research studies investigating non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation techniques, beyond transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), for addressing late-life mental disorders typically occurring in outpatient settings in individuals aged 60 years and older.
Methods
A systematic literature search was performed on four databases yielding 5022 records: PubMed, EBSCO (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests), Cochrane Library and Scopus.
Results
A total of 21 study records were included in this systematic review, comprising 6 study trials, of which only two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 21 case reports extracted from the remaining 15 records. The predominant interventions investigated across the studies included transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), and photobiomodulation (PBM). These interventions were primarily explored in the context of geriatric depression, but also in bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, catatonic schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Limitations
The limited amount of data, biases in conducted studies and a lack of generalizability (e.g., many case reports) currently prevent quantitatively supported evaluations of the interventions in the older population.
Conclusions
Non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation techniques for late-life mental disorders receive growing research interest. There is, however, a lack of adequately powered and well-designed high-quality studies for older age groups. Overall tDCS, TNS and PBM appeared to be safe and well-tolerated. Considering age-related challenges in pharmacological or psychotherapeutic interventions, non-invasive neuromodulation could be a promising treatment option.
目的本系统综述旨在全面概述有关经颅磁刺激（TMS）和电休克疗法（ECT）之外的非侵入性、非惊厥性神经调控技术的研究，以解决通常发生在 60 岁及以上门诊患者身上的晚年精神障碍：PubMed、EBSCO（APA PsycInfo、APA PsycArticles、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection、PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests）、Cochrane Library 和 Scopus。结果 本系统综述共纳入 21 项研究记录，包括 6 项研究试验（其中只有两项是随机对照试验 (RCT)）和从其余 15 项记录中提取的 21 份病例报告。这些研究调查的主要干预措施包括经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）、三叉神经刺激（TNS）和光生物调节（PBM）。这些干预措施主要针对老年抑郁症，但也涉及双相情感障碍、分裂情感障碍、紧张性精神分裂症和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、结论针对晚年精神障碍的非侵入性、非抽搐性神经调节技术受到越来越多的研究关注。然而，目前还缺乏针对老年群体的、有充分证据支持的、精心设计的高质量研究。总体而言，tDCS、TNS 和 PBM 似乎是安全且耐受性良好的。考虑到与年龄相关的药物或心理治疗干预所面临的挑战，非侵入性神经调控可能是一种很有前景的治疗选择。
{"title":"Non-invasive, non-convulsive brain stimulation beyond TMS and ECT in late-life mental disorders: A systematic review","authors":"Christian Wellnhofer , Claudia Preuschhof","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aims to present a comprehensive overview of research studies investigating non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation techniques, beyond transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), for addressing late-life mental disorders typically occurring in outpatient settings in individuals aged 60 years and older.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was performed on four databases yielding 5022 records: PubMed, EBSCO (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests), Cochrane Library and Scopus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 study records were included in this systematic review, comprising 6 study trials, of which only two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 21 case reports extracted from the remaining 15 records. The predominant interventions investigated across the studies included transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), and photobiomodulation (PBM). These interventions were primarily explored in the context of geriatric depression, but also in bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, catatonic schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The limited amount of data, biases in conducted studies and a lack of generalizability (e.g., many case reports) currently prevent quantitatively supported evaluations of the interventions in the older population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation techniques for late-life mental disorders receive growing research interest. There is, however, a lack of adequately powered and well-designed high-quality studies for older age groups. Overall tDCS, TNS and PBM appeared to be safe and well-tolerated. Considering age-related challenges in pharmacological or psychotherapeutic interventions, non-invasive neuromodulation could be a promising treatment option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100843
T. Teismann , E.L. Brakemeier , T. Brockmeyer , H. Christiansen , L. Fehm , T. Forkmann , J. Glombiewski , J. Heider , A. Hermann , J. Hoyer , T. In-Albon , T. Kaiser , T. Klucken , T.M. Lincoln , W. Lutz , J. Margraf , P. Odyniec , A. Pedersen , B. Renneberg , J. Rubel , J. Velten
Background
Suicidal ideation represents a major concern in clinical practice. Yet, little is known about the effects of routine psychotherapy on the amelioration of suicidal ideation. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess mental disorder-specific changes of suicidal ideation in a large sample of adult outpatients undergoing routine-care cognitive-behavioural therapy in Germany.
Methods
A total of N = 4549 adult outpatients, 64.2% female; age: M(SD) = 36.83 (14.03), range: 18–89 years of age, who completed cognitive-behavioral therapy at one of 26 outpatient clinics in Germany were included in the current study. Amelioration of suicidal ideation was assessed using the Suicide Item (Item 9) of the Beck-Depression Inventory.
Results
Suicidal ideation was reported by 36.7% of the patients pretreatment and by 17.6% posttreatment. Effect sizes were small to moderate (d = 0.25 -0.51) and 4.4% reported an increase in suicidal ideation. Residual suicidal ideation at the posttreatment assessment was more likely in patients diagnosed with recurrent Major Depression, Dystymia, and Borderline Personality Disorder, and older patients.
Limitation
The study relies on a naturalistic sample, no waitlist or control conditions were involved.
Conclusion
Across primary diagnoses, a significant proportion of patients experience an amelioration of suicidal ideation over the course of routine-care psychotherapy. Still, a substantial proportion of patients report no change or an increase in suicidal ideation during treatment. Thus, continuous monitoring of suicidal ideation appears to be imperative throughout the psychotherapeutic process.
{"title":"Amelioration of suicidal ideation in routine care psychotherapy: Preliminary findings from a large multicenter assessment","authors":"T. Teismann , E.L. Brakemeier , T. Brockmeyer , H. Christiansen , L. Fehm , T. Forkmann , J. Glombiewski , J. Heider , A. Hermann , J. Hoyer , T. In-Albon , T. Kaiser , T. Klucken , T.M. Lincoln , W. Lutz , J. Margraf , P. Odyniec , A. Pedersen , B. Renneberg , J. Rubel , J. Velten","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suicidal ideation represents a major concern in clinical practice. Yet, little is known about the effects of routine psychotherapy on the amelioration of suicidal ideation. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess mental disorder-specific changes of suicidal ideation in a large sample of adult outpatients undergoing routine-care cognitive-behavioural therapy in Germany.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of <em>N</em> = 4549 adult outpatients, 64.2% female; age: <em>M(SD)</em> = 36.83 (14.03), range: 18–89 years of age, who completed cognitive-behavioral therapy at one of 26 outpatient clinics in Germany were included in the current study. Amelioration of suicidal ideation was assessed using the Suicide Item (Item 9) of the Beck-Depression Inventory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Suicidal ideation was reported by 36.7% of the patients pretreatment and by 17.6% posttreatment. Effect sizes were small to moderate (<em>d</em> = 0.25 -0.51) and 4.4% reported an increase in suicidal ideation. Residual suicidal ideation at the posttreatment assessment was more likely in patients diagnosed with recurrent Major Depression, Dystymia, and Borderline Personality Disorder, and older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>The study relies on a naturalistic sample, no waitlist or control conditions were involved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Across primary diagnoses, a significant proportion of patients experience an amelioration of suicidal ideation over the course of routine-care psychotherapy. Still, a substantial proportion of patients report no change or an increase in suicidal ideation during treatment. Thus, continuous monitoring of suicidal ideation appears to be imperative throughout the psychotherapeutic process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100842
Francesco Bavato , Lena Mehnert , Erich Seifritz , Malek Bajbouj , Simone Grimm , Boris B. Quednow
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel blood marker of neuroaxonal integrity, which is altered in some psychiatric disorders including MDD. Prior studies reported no long-term impact of ECT on NfL levels, but the acute effects are unclear yet. Therefore, we investigated serum NfL levels from 19 single ECT sessions in 13 patients with MDD. We found an acute increase in NfL levels post-ECT (Cohen's d=0.45), suggesting transient cytoskeletal remodelling in axons. Further research is needed to ascertain if these transient changes correspond to treatment response or side effects such as cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Acute neuroaxonal remodelling after electroconvulsive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot study","authors":"Francesco Bavato , Lena Mehnert , Erich Seifritz , Malek Bajbouj , Simone Grimm , Boris B. Quednow","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel blood marker of neuroaxonal integrity, which is altered in some psychiatric disorders including MDD. Prior studies reported no long-term impact of ECT on NfL levels, but the acute effects are unclear yet. Therefore, we investigated serum NfL levels from 19 single ECT sessions in 13 patients with MDD. We found an acute increase in NfL levels post-ECT (Cohen's d=0.45), suggesting transient cytoskeletal remodelling in axons. Further research is needed to ascertain if these transient changes correspond to treatment response or side effects such as cognitive impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100837
Barzan Soleimani , Kamran Yazdanbakhsh , Anvar Dastbaz
Background
Problem-solving ability is influenced by numerous cognitive factors. However, a significant research gap exists regarding the mediating role of cognitive defusion in the relationship between autobiographical memory (AM) and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving. Given the critical role of problem-solving, this study aimed to model the relationship between AM and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving, considering the mediating role of cognitive defusion in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Method
The study population comprised all individuals with BPD referred to counseling centers and psychiatric clinics in Kurdistan province. A sample of 300 individuals diagnosed with BPD according to the DSM-V and willing to participate was selected. All data were collected using self-report questionnaires.
Results
Path analysis results indicated that AM and metacognitive awareness had a significant positive direct effect on both problem-solving and cognitive defusion. Additionally, cognitive defusion significantly mediated the relationships between AM and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving.
Conclusions
These findings provide evidence for the significant roles of AM and metacognitive awareness in problem-solving, with cognitive defusion acting as a crucial mediating factor in individuals with BPD. these results offer valuable insights for both theoretical understanding and clinical interventions, which could enhance problem-solving skills in individuals with BPD by strengthening cognitive defusion.
{"title":"Cognitive defusion as a mediator in the autobiographical memory and metacognitive awareness pathway to problem-solving in borderline personality disorder","authors":"Barzan Soleimani , Kamran Yazdanbakhsh , Anvar Dastbaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Problem-solving ability is influenced by numerous cognitive factors. However, a significant research gap exists regarding the mediating role of cognitive defusion in the relationship between autobiographical memory (AM) and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving. Given the critical role of problem-solving, this study aimed to model the relationship between AM and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving, considering the mediating role of cognitive defusion in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study population comprised all individuals with BPD referred to counseling centers and psychiatric clinics in Kurdistan province. A sample of 300 individuals diagnosed with BPD according to the DSM-V and willing to participate was selected. All data were collected using self-report questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Path analysis results indicated that AM and metacognitive awareness had a significant positive direct effect on both problem-solving and cognitive defusion. Additionally, cognitive defusion significantly mediated the relationships between AM and metacognitive awareness with problem-solving.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide evidence for the significant roles of AM and metacognitive awareness in problem-solving, with cognitive defusion acting as a crucial mediating factor in individuals with BPD. these results offer valuable insights for both theoretical understanding and clinical interventions, which could enhance problem-solving skills in individuals with BPD by strengthening cognitive defusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100840
George J. Karambelas , Kelly A. Allott , Linda K. Byrne , Anuradhi Jayasinghe , Melissa Hasty , Craig Macneil , Amity E. Watson , Kate Filia , Sue M. Cotton
Background
Caregivers of people with serious mental illness experience challenges that may affect their mental health. Few researchers have explored whether positive or negative caregiver experiences differ due to disorder characteristics of the person receiving care. We aimed to determine whether caregiver appraisals and psychological functioning differed between caregivers of those diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD).
Methods
Caregivers of people with SSD and BD participated in an online self-report survey assessing appraisals, distress, anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing. Independent samples t-tests and multivariate generalised linear models determined group differences, and Pearson correlation coefficients and Fisher z-score transformations determined differences in the strength of correlations between groups.
Results
108 caregivers participated in the study. Caregivers of people with SSD reported significantly greater negative appraisals of the care recipient's negative symptoms and dependency. Caregivers did not differ on positive appraisals. Both groups reported moderate distress, mild anxiety and depression, and moderate psychological wellbeing, but did not differ. Higher negative caregiver appraisals were more strongly associated with higher distress, anxiety and depression, and lower psychological wellbeing, for caregivers of those with SSD than BD.
Limitations
Small between group sample sizes, and analyses may have been moderated by significant demographic differences between groups.
Conclusions
Caregivers can experience difficulties associated with their role, and some differences may be attributed to the care recipient's disorder. Future research and interventions should consider specific disorder characteristics, such as symptom profiles, to better support caregivers in having their specific needs addressed whilst themselves providing care.
背景严重精神疾病患者的护理者会遇到可能影响其心理健康的挑战。很少有研究人员探讨照顾者的积极或消极体验是否会因接受照顾者的疾病特征而有所不同。我们旨在确定被诊断为精神分裂症谱系（SSD）和双相情感障碍（BD）患者的照护者在照护者评价和心理功能方面是否存在差异。独立样本 t 检验和多变量广义线性模型确定了组间差异，皮尔逊相关系数和费舍尔 z 分数转换确定了组间相关强度的差异。SSD 患者的照顾者对受照顾者的负面症状和依赖性的负面评价明显更高。护理者在积极评价方面没有差异。两组人都报告了中等程度的痛苦、轻度焦虑和抑郁以及中等程度的心理健康，但并无差异。与 BD 相比，SSD 患者的照护者较高的负面照护者评价与较高的痛苦、焦虑和抑郁以及较低的心理幸福感有更强的相关性。结论照护者可能会遇到与其角色相关的困难，某些差异可能归因于照护对象的障碍。未来的研究和干预措施应考虑具体的疾病特征，如症状特征，以便更好地支持护理者在提供护理的同时满足他们的具体需求。
{"title":"A comparison of challenging and positive caregiving experiences for caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders","authors":"George J. Karambelas , Kelly A. Allott , Linda K. Byrne , Anuradhi Jayasinghe , Melissa Hasty , Craig Macneil , Amity E. Watson , Kate Filia , Sue M. Cotton","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caregivers of people with serious mental illness experience challenges that may affect their mental health. Few researchers have explored whether positive or negative caregiver experiences differ due to disorder characteristics of the person receiving care. We aimed to determine whether caregiver appraisals and psychological functioning differed between caregivers of those diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Caregivers of people with SSD and BD participated in an online self-report survey assessing appraisals, distress, anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing. Independent samples <em>t</em>-tests and multivariate generalised linear models determined group differences, and Pearson correlation coefficients and Fisher <em>z-</em>score transformations determined differences in the strength of correlations between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>108 caregivers participated in the study. Caregivers of people with SSD reported significantly greater negative appraisals of the care recipient's negative symptoms and dependency. Caregivers did not differ on positive appraisals. Both groups reported moderate distress, mild anxiety and depression, and moderate psychological wellbeing, but did not differ. Higher negative caregiver appraisals were more strongly associated with higher distress, anxiety and depression, and lower psychological wellbeing, for caregivers of those with SSD than BD.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Small between group sample sizes, and analyses may have been moderated by significant demographic differences between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Caregivers can experience difficulties associated with their role, and some differences may be attributed to the care recipient's disorder. Future research and interventions should consider specific disorder characteristics, such as symptom profiles, to better support caregivers in having their specific needs addressed whilst themselves providing care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001264/pdfft?md5=fda22b9884751b721db5e34e00d71cf0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839
Ran Yan , Natasha Chaku , Nestor L. Lopez-Duran , Patricia J. Deldin , Adriene M. Beltz
Background
Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g., expression) of daily symptom fluctuations may contribute to this disparity. The current study examines: a) gender differences in daily depressive symptoms – and fluctuations; and b) daily links between self-perceived gender expression and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Established adults (N = 96; Mage = 28.19, SDage = 8.43) participated in an ecologically-valid multi-wave 100-day intensive longitudinal study. They reported daily on their depressive symptoms, and on their self-expression in the final study wave. Gender differences in daily symptoms fluctuations (intraindividual standard deviations) and their links to gender expression (person-specific residualized correlations) were examined.
Results
Women experienced greater day-to-day symptom fluctuations than men, after accounting for the gender difference in baseline symptoms (b = -0.05; 95 % CI: [-0.093, -0.012]). Results from a subsample (n = 28) showed that daily links between gender expression and depressive symptoms were heterogeneous: For 38.5 % of men and 53.3 % of women, daily increases in congruent gender expressions (i.e., masculine for men and feminine for women) corresponded with daily symptom decreases, but many individuals (46.4 %) did not show meaningful relations.
Conclusions
Results highlight the utility of intensive longitudinal approaches for the study of depression and, for some people, the daily psychological relations with gender self-perceptions. Results also emphasize heterogeneity in depression etiology and the need for personalized basic and applied science.
Limitations
Future research on individuals with varying gender identities and clinical experiences is needed.
{"title":"Gender matters for daily depression: Symptom fluctuations and links to self-expression","authors":"Ran Yan , Natasha Chaku , Nestor L. Lopez-Duran , Patricia J. Deldin , Adriene M. Beltz","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g., expression) of daily symptom fluctuations may contribute to this disparity. The current study examines: a) gender differences in daily depressive symptoms – and fluctuations; and b) daily links between self-perceived gender expression and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Established adults (<em>N</em> = 96; <em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 28.19, <em>SD<sub>age</sub></em> = 8.43) participated in an ecologically-valid multi-wave 100-day intensive longitudinal study. They reported daily on their depressive symptoms, and on their self-expression in the final study wave. Gender differences in daily symptoms fluctuations (intraindividual standard deviations) and their links to gender expression (person-specific residualized correlations) were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women experienced greater day-to-day symptom fluctuations than men, after accounting for the gender difference in baseline symptoms (<em>b</em> = -0.05; 95 % CI: [-0.093, -0.012]). Results from a subsample (<em>n</em> = 28) showed that daily links between gender expression and depressive symptoms were heterogeneous: For 38.5 % of men and 53.3 % of women, daily increases in congruent gender expressions (i.e., masculine for men and feminine for women) corresponded with daily symptom decreases, but many individuals (46.4 %) did not show meaningful relations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results highlight the utility of intensive longitudinal approaches for the study of depression and, for some people, the daily psychological relations with gender self-perceptions. Results also emphasize heterogeneity in depression etiology and the need for personalized basic and applied science.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Future research on individuals with varying gender identities and clinical experiences is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838
Ehraz Anis , LeAnn Smart , Colt Capan , Cameron Forton , Martha L Escobar Galvis , Qiong Sha , Eric Achtyes , Lena Brundin
Background
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection has been linked to depression, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that recurring HSV infection could exacerbate depressive symptomatology via activation of the immune response and the kynurenine pathway in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Methods
32 MDD patients and 17 psychiatrically healthy individuals with a history of HSV recurrence were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were obtained, and psychiatric symptom severity was assessed at three separate visits- asymptomatic, active infection, and follow-up. Plasma levels of tryptophan metabolite levels were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and inflammation-associated proteins were measured using high sensitivity electrochemiluminescence.
Results
There was a significant effect of infection recurrence on IFN-γ and sICAM-1 levels, the latter being influenced by MDD diagnosis. This indicates that the effect of infection on sICAM-1 levels differs between control and depressed groups, although post hoc analysis suggests that interaction effect might be subtle. Infection recurrence had a significant effect on the reactivity of psychiatric symptoms. Finally, there was a positive correlation between levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and depression severity in the cohort during infection recurrence.
Limitations
Relatively small sample size, limited number of male participants, and the relatively weak inflammatory stimuli studied.
Conclusions
MDD patients might react with an exacerbation of symptoms along with elevations of inflammatory markers during HSV recurrence. Further, the association with symptom severity indicates that therapeutic modulation of inflammation may be beneficial in patients with MDD, especially during active infections.
{"title":"Herpes simplex reactivation triggers symptom exacerbation in patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"Ehraz Anis , LeAnn Smart , Colt Capan , Cameron Forton , Martha L Escobar Galvis , Qiong Sha , Eric Achtyes , Lena Brundin","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection has been linked to depression, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that recurring HSV infection could exacerbate depressive symptomatology via activation of the immune response and the kynurenine pathway in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>32 MDD patients and 17 psychiatrically healthy individuals with a history of HSV recurrence were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were obtained, and psychiatric symptom severity was assessed at three separate visits- asymptomatic, active infection, and follow-up. Plasma levels of tryptophan metabolite levels were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and inflammation-associated proteins were measured using high sensitivity electrochemiluminescence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant effect of infection recurrence on IFN-γ and sICAM-1 levels, the latter being influenced by MDD diagnosis. This indicates that the effect of infection on sICAM-1 levels differs between control and depressed groups, although post hoc analysis suggests that interaction effect might be subtle. Infection recurrence had a significant effect on the reactivity of psychiatric symptoms. Finally, there was a positive correlation between levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and depression severity in the cohort during infection recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Relatively small sample size, limited number of male participants, and the relatively weak inflammatory stimuli studied.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDD patients might react with an exacerbation of symptoms along with elevations of inflammatory markers during HSV recurrence. Further, the association with symptom severity indicates that therapeutic modulation of inflammation may be beneficial in patients with MDD, especially during active infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explored the impact of writing a “Good Things Diary (GTDiary) of Caregiving” on family caregivers’ mental health and their evaluation of caregiving roles.
Method
We analyzed data from 27 Japanese caregivers for their parents recruited through crowdsourcing. We randomly assigned the participants to one of two groups: the GTDiary of Caregiving group (15 participants) or the Control Diary of Caregiving group (12 participants). We instructed both groups to write a diary for 14 days. Pre- and post-diary questionnaires assessed participants’ well-being, caregiving burden, positive evaluations of caregiving, and stress levels.
Results
We observed significant improvements in well-being and positive evaluations of caregiving only in the GTDiary of Caregiving group, which had higher well-being and more positive evaluations of caregiving after keeping the diary. However, both groups experienced reductions in caregiving burden and stress.
Limitation
Our group of participants included children and stepchildren of caregivers since we made use of crowdsourcing services. Additionally, this study had a mostly male representation among participants, which does not match with the higher occurrence of female family caregivers in Japan. Consequently, the study's participants may not fully reflect the broader population of family caregivers.
Conclusions
Writing a caregiving diary helps family caregivers reduce their perceived burden and stress. Focusing on “good things” in caregiving elevates their perception of positive aspects and enhances well-being.
{"title":"Effects of family caregivers keeping a “Good Things Diary of Caregiving” on mental health, caregiving burden, and positive evaluations of caregiving: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Takeshi Kurinobu , Akitoshi Tomita , Ryo Matsukuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We explored the impact of writing a “Good Things Diary (GTDiary) of Caregiving” on family caregivers’ mental health and their evaluation of caregiving roles.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We analyzed data from 27 Japanese caregivers for their parents recruited through crowdsourcing. We randomly assigned the participants to one of two groups: the GTDiary of Caregiving group (15 participants) or the Control Diary of Caregiving group (12 participants). We instructed both groups to write a diary for 14 days. Pre- and post-diary questionnaires assessed participants’ well-being, caregiving burden, positive evaluations of caregiving, and stress levels.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed significant improvements in well-being and positive evaluations of caregiving only in the GTDiary of Caregiving group, which had higher well-being and more positive evaluations of caregiving after keeping the diary. However, both groups experienced reductions in caregiving burden and stress.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>Our group of participants included children and stepchildren of caregivers since we made use of crowdsourcing services. Additionally, this study had a mostly male representation among participants, which does not match with the higher occurrence of female family caregivers in Japan. Consequently, the study's participants may not fully reflect the broader population of family caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Writing a caregiving diary helps family caregivers reduce their perceived burden and stress. Focusing on “good things” in caregiving elevates their perception of positive aspects and enhances well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001161/pdfft?md5=1f82936803d27ef840d0d849ee9ccc5f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826
Nur Asyikin Yakub , Syed Faraz Ali , Nik Daliana Nik Farid , Nurul Izzah Shari , Siti Aisyah Panatik
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parenting stress has grown dramatically as a result of the pandemic, according to a systematic analysis that compared parenting styles and mental health-related factors before and during COVID-19. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, parents reported feeling more stressed. This included anxiety about their kids' health and safety, financial hardships, and interruptions to their regular routines and support networks. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the pandemic had a detrimental effect on parents' mental health, with greater rates of anxiety, sadness, and overall psychological distress among parents. These findings demonstrate the intricate interactions that exist between personal variables and exogenous stressors like the pandemic that affect parenting stress. The COVID-19 pandemic and other external stressors, financial hardships, and marital status are only a few of the variables that might affect parenting stress overall. Consequently, while analyzing parenting stress, creating parent support interventions, and contrasting pre- and post-COVID-19 patterns, it is imperative to take these diverse elements into account.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study includes material from three well-known databases that are used by scholars all around the world: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The records were screened during the review process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We evaluated 10,053 abstracts and titles found through Google Scholar and database searches. After a complete text screening of 253 publications, 18 research were included in our study. According to the data retrieved from every database, the research questions in this study are multidisciplinary in nature, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare and the development of new healthcare technologies. The most prevalent discipline is psychology, which is followed by medicine, social sciences, environmental sciences, and the arts and humanities. Additionally, for each year between 2018 and 2023, a clear change in the publishing and citation trends is apparent. With a total of 8 publications, 2022 notably has the most publications ever recorded. In 2020, citations from five publications reached their high, indicating a peak in citation scores. The meta-analysis from all highlighted studies indicated a significant influence of parenting style on parental well-being. However, they also noted additional psychological and social factors contributing to parental mental health. Some studies examined the mental health of both parents collectively, while others focused on individual mothers and fathers. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly impacted parenting style, parental stress, and caregivers' mental health, leading to noticeable shifts compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As a whol
{"title":"A systematic review comparing pre-post COVID-19 pandemic parenting style and mental health-related factors","authors":"Nur Asyikin Yakub , Syed Faraz Ali , Nik Daliana Nik Farid , Nurul Izzah Shari , Siti Aisyah Panatik","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parenting stress has grown dramatically as a result of the pandemic, according to a systematic analysis that compared parenting styles and mental health-related factors before and during COVID-19. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, parents reported feeling more stressed. This included anxiety about their kids' health and safety, financial hardships, and interruptions to their regular routines and support networks. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the pandemic had a detrimental effect on parents' mental health, with greater rates of anxiety, sadness, and overall psychological distress among parents. These findings demonstrate the intricate interactions that exist between personal variables and exogenous stressors like the pandemic that affect parenting stress. The COVID-19 pandemic and other external stressors, financial hardships, and marital status are only a few of the variables that might affect parenting stress overall. Consequently, while analyzing parenting stress, creating parent support interventions, and contrasting pre- and post-COVID-19 patterns, it is imperative to take these diverse elements into account.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study includes material from three well-known databases that are used by scholars all around the world: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The records were screened during the review process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We evaluated 10,053 abstracts and titles found through Google Scholar and database searches. After a complete text screening of 253 publications, 18 research were included in our study. According to the data retrieved from every database, the research questions in this study are multidisciplinary in nature, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare and the development of new healthcare technologies. The most prevalent discipline is psychology, which is followed by medicine, social sciences, environmental sciences, and the arts and humanities. Additionally, for each year between 2018 and 2023, a clear change in the publishing and citation trends is apparent. With a total of 8 publications, 2022 notably has the most publications ever recorded. In 2020, citations from five publications reached their high, indicating a peak in citation scores. The meta-analysis from all highlighted studies indicated a significant influence of parenting style on parental well-being. However, they also noted additional psychological and social factors contributing to parental mental health. Some studies examined the mental health of both parents collectively, while others focused on individual mothers and fathers. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly impacted parenting style, parental stress, and caregivers' mental health, leading to noticeable shifts compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As a whol","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001124/pdfft?md5=12a5521b8027e10b2e9c63c429a25b47&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号