Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100988
Marlise P. de Roos , Marië A.C. Nijpels , Nynke G. Dijkstra , Sebastiaan Siegerink , Laura N. Samwel , Felix K.A. Pettai , Sander C. Albers , Nini H. Jonkman , Kees Brinkman , Paul Bresser , Birit F.P. Broekman
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increase in mental health problems and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been hypothesized that disease severity of COVID-19 pneumonia may increase the risk for long-term anxiety, depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms. This exploratory study investigates the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 infection in admitted and non-admitted patients and the prevalence of anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as quality of life up to 2 years post COVID-19.
Method
COVID-19 survivors were categorized in three subgroups: “moderate” (no need for hospitalization), “severe” (hospitalization requiring oxygen), and “critical” cases (respiratory failure and intensive care unit admission). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and HRQoL (Short Form SF-36 health survey) were studied at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up visits. Data were analysed using (repeated measures) linear mixed-effects models.
Results
A high burden of disease persists two years after COVID, manifested by mental health symptoms and reduced quality of life across all subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the development of mental health symptoms over time between the three subgroups, except less posttraumatic stress symptoms in critically ill COVID patients compared to severe or moderate COVID patients after 2 years.
Conclusions
Up to 2 years after COVID-19 pneumonia, mental health symptoms and decreased quality of life are prevalent, but this is not related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
{"title":"Long-term consequences on mental health and health related quality of life among COVID-19 patients with different disease severities","authors":"Marlise P. de Roos , Marië A.C. Nijpels , Nynke G. Dijkstra , Sebastiaan Siegerink , Laura N. Samwel , Felix K.A. Pettai , Sander C. Albers , Nini H. Jonkman , Kees Brinkman , Paul Bresser , Birit F.P. Broekman","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increase in mental health problems and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been hypothesized that disease severity of COVID-19 pneumonia may increase the risk for long-term anxiety, depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms. This exploratory study investigates the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 infection in admitted and non-admitted patients and the prevalence of anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as quality of life up to 2 years post COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>COVID-19 survivors were categorized in three subgroups: “moderate” (no need for hospitalization), “severe” (hospitalization requiring oxygen), and “critical” cases (respiratory failure and intensive care unit admission). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and HRQoL (Short Form SF-36 health survey) were studied at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up visits. Data were analysed using (repeated measures) linear mixed-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A high burden of disease persists two years after COVID, manifested by mental health symptoms and reduced quality of life across all subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the development of mental health symptoms over time between the three subgroups, except less posttraumatic stress symptoms in critically ill COVID patients compared to severe or moderate COVID patients after 2 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Up to 2 years after COVID-19 pneumonia, mental health symptoms and decreased quality of life are prevalent, but this is not related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101020
Emmanuel Nyaaba , Kabila Abass , Vanessa F. Epis , Evans Adu-Siaw Annor , Lawrence Guodaar , Razak M. Gyasi
High levels of food insecurity (FI) and psychological distress (PD) continue to intersect in fragile, under-researched labor settings such as artisanal mining communities in Ghana. While the connection between food deprivation and poor mental health is increasingly acknowledged, the psychosomatic mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly understood in low-income contexts. This study examines the association between FI and PD among artisanal miners in Ghana and explores the potential mediating role of psychosomatic factors in this association. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 664 adult miners. Fully adjusted regression models showed that FI was positively associated with higher levels of PD. Miners who were food secure (β = 0.340, CI = 6.397–8.203) or marginally food secure (β = 0.693, 95% CI = 12.507–14.377) reported significantly lower levels of PD compared to those who were food insecure. Bootstrapping estimates revealed that work-stress (24.46%), personal stress (∼2%), sleep problems (1.30%), physical exhaustion (∼1%), and comorbidities (∼1%) significantly and partially mediated the FI-PD association. These findings suggest that improving food access and addressing psychosomatic stressors may help mitigate psychological distress in this population.
高水平的粮食不安全（FI）和心理困扰（PD）继续在脆弱的、研究不足的劳动力环境中交叉，如加纳的手工采矿社区。虽然越来越多的人认识到食物匮乏和不良心理健康之间的联系，但在低收入背景下，这种联系背后的心身机制仍然知之甚少。本研究考察了加纳手工矿工的FI和PD之间的关联，并探讨了心身因素在这种关联中的潜在中介作用。数据来自对664名成年矿工的横断面调查。完全调整的回归模型显示，FI与较高水平的PD呈正相关。食物安全（β = 0.340, CI = 6.397-8.203）或勉强食物安全（β = 0.693, 95% CI = 12.507-14.377）的矿工与食物不安全的矿工相比，PD水平显著降低。Bootstrapping估计显示，工作压力（24.46%）、个人压力（~ 2%）、睡眠问题（1.30%）、体力衰竭（~ 1%）和合并症（~ 1%）显著和部分介导了FI-PD关联。这些发现表明，改善食物获取和解决身心压力源可能有助于减轻这一人群的心理困扰。
{"title":"Psychosomatic mechanisms linking food insecurity with psychological distress among artisanal miners in Ghana","authors":"Emmanuel Nyaaba , Kabila Abass , Vanessa F. Epis , Evans Adu-Siaw Annor , Lawrence Guodaar , Razak M. Gyasi","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High levels of food insecurity (FI) and psychological distress (PD) continue to intersect in fragile, under-researched labor settings such as artisanal mining communities in Ghana. While the connection between food deprivation and poor mental health is increasingly acknowledged, the psychosomatic mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly understood in low-income contexts. This study examines the association between FI and PD among artisanal miners in Ghana and explores the potential mediating role of psychosomatic factors in this association. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 664 adult miners. Fully adjusted regression models showed that FI was positively associated with higher levels of PD. Miners who were food secure (β = 0.340, CI = 6.397–8.203) or marginally food secure (β = 0.693, 95% CI = 12.507–14.377) reported significantly lower levels of PD compared to those who were food insecure. Bootstrapping estimates revealed that work-stress (24.46%), personal stress (∼2%), sleep problems (1.30%), physical exhaustion (∼1%), and comorbidities (∼1%) significantly and partially mediated the FI-PD association. These findings suggest that improving food access and addressing psychosomatic stressors may help mitigate psychological distress in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016
Mustapha Amoadu , William Akoto-Buabeng , Isaac Tetteh Commey , Frederick Acheampong Nimo , Edward Odoom , Godfred Cobbinah , Jones Abekah Baah , Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni
Background
Depression are common among heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers due to occupational stressors. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of depression among HGV drivers in Ghana.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey involving 1575 HGV drivers was conducted. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, and predictors were identified through hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis. Jamovi statistical software version 2.6.17 was used for the analysis.
Results
The study found that 75.9% of drivers exhibited some level of depression, with 28.3% reporting mild symptoms, 32.7% moderate symptoms, and 14.9% severe symptoms. In the final model, risk factors of depression among HGV drivers included being overweight or obese, lack of regular exercise, lone driving, and irregular shift work. Drivers with job insecurity, low supervisor support, low skill discretion, and low decision autonomy were also more likely to report depression. Drivers who were not using smokeless tobacco and those with regular shift work had lower odds of depression. Surprisingly, low job demands were associated with higher depression. Variables such as age, education, daily driving hours, co-worker support, RTCs, and sleep problems did not have statistically significant association with depression in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Data from this study suggests that depression are highly prevalent among HGV drivers in Ghana, driven by both individual and occupational factors. These findings indicate the need for tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms to address workplace stressors and promote driver well-being in Ghana.
{"title":"Prevalence and severity of depression among heavy goods vehicle drivers in Ghana","authors":"Mustapha Amoadu , William Akoto-Buabeng , Isaac Tetteh Commey , Frederick Acheampong Nimo , Edward Odoom , Godfred Cobbinah , Jones Abekah Baah , Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression are common among heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers due to occupational stressors. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of depression among HGV drivers in Ghana.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey involving 1575 HGV drivers was conducted. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, and predictors were identified through hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis. Jamovi statistical software version 2.6.17 was used for the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 75.9% of drivers exhibited some level of depression, with 28.3% reporting mild symptoms, 32.7% moderate symptoms, and 14.9% severe symptoms. In the final model, risk factors of depression among HGV drivers included being overweight or obese, lack of regular exercise, lone driving, and irregular shift work. Drivers with job insecurity, low supervisor support, low skill discretion, and low decision autonomy were also more likely to report depression. Drivers who were not using smokeless tobacco and those with regular shift work had lower odds of depression. Surprisingly, low job demands were associated with higher depression. Variables such as age, education, daily driving hours, co-worker support, RTCs, and sleep problems did not have statistically significant association with depression in the multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Data from this study suggests that depression are highly prevalent among HGV drivers in Ghana, driven by both individual and occupational factors. These findings indicate the need for tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms to address workplace stressors and promote driver well-being in Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101018
Emilie Banse , Moïra Mikolajczak , Marie Bayot , Anne-Laure Lenoir , Philippe de Timary
Background
Physician well-being is a critical issue, given the high prevalence of burnout, depression, and maladaptive health behaviors among doctors, as well as the broader implications for patient care quality and public health. Medical culture - defined by shared professional values and norms - may contribute significantly to physician distress. However, its relationship with physician mental health and self-care behaviors remains underexplored.
Objective
To investigate the associations between harmful dimensions of medical culture and health-related outcomes in physicians, including burnout, depression, presenteeism, help-seeking behavior, self-diagnosis, self-treatment, and psychoactive medication use.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 1002 physicians assessed depression (PHQ-9), burnout (BAT-12), and health behaviors. The Harmful Dimensions of Medical Culture (HDMC) scale measured Professional Commitment, the Myth of the Invulnerable Physician, and Stigma Towards Burnout. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses examined associations between medical culture and health outcomes, adjusting for personal and professional factors.
Results
All three HDMC scores significantly associated with most health-related outcomes. Professional Commitment and the Myth of the Invulnerable Physician were strongly linked to burnout and depression, but showed moderate to weak associations with health behaviors. Stigma Towards Burnout was strongly associated with depression and showed weak associations with burnout and health behaviors. Multivariable analyses confirmed the independent association between the HDMC and health outcomes after adjusting for personal and professional factors.
Conclusion
Findings underscore the role of medical culture in shaping physicians’ mental health and health-related behaviors. Addressing harmful cultural norms through targeted interventions could enhance physician well-being and support a more sustainable healthcare workforce.
{"title":"Medical culture and its association with health outcomes in physicians: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Emilie Banse , Moïra Mikolajczak , Marie Bayot , Anne-Laure Lenoir , Philippe de Timary","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Physician well-being is a critical issue, given the high prevalence of burnout, depression, and maladaptive health behaviors among doctors, as well as the broader implications for patient care quality and public health. Medical culture - defined by shared professional values and norms - may contribute significantly to physician distress. However, its relationship with physician mental health and self-care behaviors remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the associations between harmful dimensions of medical culture and health-related outcomes in physicians, including burnout, depression, presenteeism, help-seeking behavior, self-diagnosis, self-treatment, and psychoactive medication use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of 1002 physicians assessed depression (PHQ-9), burnout (BAT-12), and health behaviors. The Harmful Dimensions of Medical Culture (HDMC) scale measured Professional Commitment, the Myth of the Invulnerable Physician, and Stigma Towards Burnout. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses examined associations between medical culture and health outcomes, adjusting for personal and professional factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All three HDMC scores significantly associated with most health-related outcomes. Professional Commitment and the Myth of the Invulnerable Physician were strongly linked to burnout and depression, but showed moderate to weak associations with health behaviors. Stigma Towards Burnout was strongly associated with depression and showed weak associations with burnout and health behaviors. Multivariable analyses confirmed the independent association between the HDMC and health outcomes after adjusting for personal and professional factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings underscore the role of medical culture in shaping physicians’ mental health and health-related behaviors. Addressing harmful cultural norms through targeted interventions could enhance physician well-being and support a more sustainable healthcare workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100999
Dennis Emralino Dantic , Rebecca Sudhir Jaya , Rafael Gafoor , Louise Marston
This systematic review evaluates the validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of self-administered screening tools for symptoms of depression among young adults (18 to 25 years old) in East Asia and the Pacific. A total of 22 studies with 24,069 participants were included, covering both clinical and non-clinical populations. Nine self-administered screening tools were identified, with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 PHQ-2, and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) being the most frequently studied. PHQ-9 demonstrated moderate to excellent internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.67 to 0.92, and a pooled AUC of 0.86, indicating strong screening accuracy. PHQ-2, showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85, high sensitivity (0.96), and moderate specificity (0.80). CES-D exhibited an AUC of 0.87, good sensitivity (0.81), and specificity (0.78), with high heterogeneity (I² = 74.70 %–86.69 %). The meta-analysis revealed substantial variability in sensitivity and specificity across settings, with differences in study methodologies, cutoff scores, and reference standards contributing to high heterogeneity. Additionally, 95.5 % of studies had a moderate risk of bias in patient selection, affecting generalizability. Despite these limitations, PHQ-9, PHQ-2, and CES-D remain valuable tools for identifying symptoms of depression among young adults. The accessibility, ease of administration, and strong psychometric properties of these tests support their continued use in resource-limited settings, though standardization of methodologies and expanded regional validation are needed to improve screening accuracy and applicability.
{"title":"Validated self-administered screening tools to identify depression among young adults (18 to 25-years-old) in East Asia and the Pacific Region low-and-middle income countries (LMICs): A systematic review","authors":"Dennis Emralino Dantic , Rebecca Sudhir Jaya , Rafael Gafoor , Louise Marston","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review evaluates the validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of self-administered screening tools for symptoms of depression among young adults (18 to 25 years old) in East Asia and the Pacific. A total of 22 studies with 24,069 participants were included, covering both clinical and non-clinical populations. Nine self-administered screening tools were identified, with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 PHQ-2, and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) being the most frequently studied. PHQ-9 demonstrated moderate to excellent internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.67 to 0.92, and a pooled AUC of 0.86, indicating strong screening accuracy. PHQ-2, showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85, high sensitivity (0.96), and moderate specificity (0.80). CES-D exhibited an AUC of 0.87, good sensitivity (0.81), and specificity (0.78), with high heterogeneity (I² = 74.70 %–86.69 %). The meta-analysis revealed substantial variability in sensitivity and specificity across settings, with differences in study methodologies, cutoff scores, and reference standards contributing to high heterogeneity. Additionally, 95.5 % of studies had a moderate risk of bias in patient selection, affecting generalizability. Despite these limitations, PHQ-9, PHQ-2, and CES-D remain valuable tools for identifying symptoms of depression among young adults. The accessibility, ease of administration, and strong psychometric properties of these tests support their continued use in resource-limited settings, though standardization of methodologies and expanded regional validation are needed to improve screening accuracy and applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100997
Reinhard Maß , Kerstin Backhaus , Bodo Karsten Unkelbach
Patients’ expectations concerning the effectiveness of treatment play a significant role in shaping clinical outcomes. These expectations are, in part, influenced by the explanatory models patients hold regarding the etiology of their illness. In the case of depression, both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment options are available, each associated with distinct etiological models—psychological and biomedical, respectively.
Our study aimed to examine the significance of pre-treatment expectations regarding the helpfulness of medication or psychotherapy for treatment outcomes in depression.
A total of 635 inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder were included. Upon admission, all patients were asked to rate two statements assessing their expectations regarding the potential benefits of medication and psychotherapy. Depressive symptom severity was evaluated using the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Additionally, a subsample of 290 patients was queried about their beliefs concerning the etiology of their depression, including ongoing stress, metabolic imbalances in the brain, adverse childhood experiences, and genetic predisposition.
Mean BDI-II scores decreased substantially from admission to discharge. Expectations of receiving help through medication were more strongly associated with biomedical explanatory models, whereas expectations of benefiting from psychotherapy were more closely linked to psychological explanations. Regression analysis revealed that the reduction in depressive symptoms was attenuated by high expectations of benefit from medication, while optimistic expectations regarding psychotherapy were associated with greater symptom improvement.
Our findings suggest that fostering patients’ confidence in psychotherapy is important. Moreover, biomedical explanations for depression should not be promoted, particularly given the limited scientific evidence supporting them.
{"title":"The impact of expectations on treatment outcomes following intensive psychotherapy in inpatients with major depression","authors":"Reinhard Maß , Kerstin Backhaus , Bodo Karsten Unkelbach","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients’ expectations concerning the effectiveness of treatment play a significant role in shaping clinical outcomes. These expectations are, in part, influenced by the explanatory models patients hold regarding the etiology of their illness. In the case of depression, both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment options are available, each associated with distinct etiological models—psychological and biomedical, respectively.</div><div>Our study aimed to examine the significance of pre-treatment expectations regarding the helpfulness of medication or psychotherapy for treatment outcomes in depression.</div><div>A total of 635 inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder were included. Upon admission, all patients were asked to rate two statements assessing their expectations regarding the potential benefits of medication and psychotherapy. Depressive symptom severity was evaluated using the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Additionally, a subsample of 290 patients was queried about their beliefs concerning the etiology of their depression, including ongoing stress, metabolic imbalances in the brain, adverse childhood experiences, and genetic predisposition.</div><div>Mean BDI-II scores decreased substantially from admission to discharge. Expectations of receiving help through medication were more strongly associated with biomedical explanatory models, whereas expectations of benefiting from psychotherapy were more closely linked to psychological explanations. Regression analysis revealed that the reduction in depressive symptoms was attenuated by high expectations of benefit from medication, while optimistic expectations regarding psychotherapy were associated with greater symptom improvement.</div><div>Our findings suggest that fostering patients’ confidence in psychotherapy is important. Moreover, biomedical explanations for depression should not be promoted, particularly given the limited scientific evidence supporting them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101000
Javier Díaz Esteban-Herreros , Miriam Garrido-Miguel , Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno , Ana Isabel Torres-Costoso , Asunción Ferri-Morales , Juan Moreno-Garcia , Elizabeth Bravo Esteban-Herreros
This study aims to evaluate the associations between psychological resilience and various health-related factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol use, and physical self-perception, in a sample of university students. The primary objective is to identify factors that are most significantly related to resilience and to determine their ability to predict an individual’s resilience level. A total of 360 university students participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via validated questionnaires, such as the CD-RISC (Connor and Davidson, 2003) for psychological resilience, the PREDIMED (Guasch-Ferré et al., 2017) for the Mediterranean diet, the AUDIT (Kuitunen-Paul and Roerecke, 2018) for alcohol consumption risk, and the SCOFF (Morgan et al., 1999) for disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, questionnaires designed by researchers were used to assess smoking status and body image. Advanced machine learning models, specifically Random Forest (Breiman, 2001) (Breiman, 2001) and TabNet (Arik and Pfister, 2021) were applied to predict the resilience levels. To address class imbalance, the SMOTE technique was used. The model performance was measured via the macro F1-score, a metric suitable for imbalanced datasets. Additionally, the importance values of the predictor variables were calculated to provide interpretability. A clustering analysis was also conducted to segment the population on the basis of their characteristics. Our predictive models achieved moderate accuracy but successfully identified the most influential variables for resilience. Perceived health and body image emerged as key predictors of psychological resilience. A positive association was also found between adherence to a healthy diet and increased resilience. Clustering analysis revealed two distinct resilience groups, with the lower resilience group showing a greater risk of alcohol dependence. Finally, our findings confirm the associations between psychological resilience and various health habits and self-perceptions. The study provides a novel applications of machine learning to a psychological construct, identifying key predictors and demonstrating the complexity of these relationships. While this research provides valuable insights, future studies should consider larger sample sizes and a longitudinal design to further explore these dynamics and incorporate a broader range of sociocultural and familial factors.
{"title":"Machine learning prediction of psychological resilience: An analysis of health and self-perception variables","authors":"Javier Díaz Esteban-Herreros , Miriam Garrido-Miguel , Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno , Ana Isabel Torres-Costoso , Asunción Ferri-Morales , Juan Moreno-Garcia , Elizabeth Bravo Esteban-Herreros","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the associations between psychological resilience and various health-related factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol use, and physical self-perception, in a sample of university students. The primary objective is to identify factors that are most significantly related to resilience and to determine their ability to predict an individual’s resilience level. A total of 360 university students participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via validated questionnaires, such as the CD-RISC (Connor and Davidson, 2003) for psychological resilience, the PREDIMED (Guasch-Ferré et al., 2017) for the Mediterranean diet, the AUDIT (Kuitunen-Paul and Roerecke, 2018) for alcohol consumption risk, and the SCOFF (Morgan et al., 1999) for disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, questionnaires designed by researchers were used to assess smoking status and body image. Advanced machine learning models, specifically Random Forest (Breiman, 2001) (<span><span>Breiman, 2001</span></span>) and TabNet (Arik and Pfister, 2021) were applied to predict the resilience levels. To address class imbalance, the SMOTE technique was used. The model performance was measured via the macro F1-score, a metric suitable for imbalanced datasets. Additionally, the importance values of the predictor variables were calculated to provide interpretability. A clustering analysis was also conducted to segment the population on the basis of their characteristics. Our predictive models achieved moderate accuracy but successfully identified the most influential variables for resilience. Perceived health and body image emerged as key predictors of psychological resilience. A positive association was also found between adherence to a healthy diet and increased resilience. Clustering analysis revealed two distinct resilience groups, with the lower resilience group showing a greater risk of alcohol dependence. Finally, our findings confirm the associations between psychological resilience and various health habits and self-perceptions. The study provides a novel applications of machine learning to a psychological construct, identifying key predictors and demonstrating the complexity of these relationships. While this research provides valuable insights, future studies should consider larger sample sizes and a longitudinal design to further explore these dynamics and incorporate a broader range of sociocultural and familial factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101001
E.M. Hoogerwerf , H. Riese , P. Spinhoven , F. Lamers , R. Goekoop
Background
: This study aims to gain more insight into participants with anxiety disorders by conducting network analysis with experience sampling methodology data (i.e. data measured multiple times a day via smartphone), comparing group networks of participants diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and healthy controls. We expect the networks of participants with an anxiety disorder to be more connected and to reveal relationships between symptoms that may perpetuate problems.
Methods
224 participants, 141 diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (Group A) at baseline (T0) and 83 healthy controls (Group B), from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety participated in ESM monitoring at 9-year follow-up (T1). Anxiety disorder status was assessed at T1 as well and used to group participants into group A-1, anxiety disorder at T0 and T1, and A-2, anxiety disorder at T0 but not at T1. 6 ESM items were used to conduct network analysis. The permutation test mnet was used to inspect the networks for significant differences.
Results
The autoregression coefficients of ESM-items ‘worrying’ and ‘nervousness’ were larger in Group A compared to group B, as well as the temporal influence of worrying on tiredness. The autoregression coefficients of worrying and tiredness were larger in Group A-2 than in Group A-1, those of enthusiasm were larger in Group A-1. The influence of tiredness on apathy was greater in Group A-2.
Conclusions
It seems likely that participants with chronic mood- and anxiety disorders are not distinct from each other on a level of symptomatic interconnectedness, even if they differ in diagnostic categories 9 years after baseline. These findings confirm the existing information regarding the chronic course that anxiety disorders often take.
{"title":"Towards a better understanding of persistence of anxiety disorders: a network perspective","authors":"E.M. Hoogerwerf , H. Riese , P. Spinhoven , F. Lamers , R. Goekoop","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>:</em> This study aims to gain more insight into participants with anxiety disorders by conducting network analysis with experience sampling methodology data (i.e. data measured multiple times a day via smartphone), comparing group networks of participants diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and healthy controls. We expect the networks of participants with an anxiety disorder to be more connected and to reveal relationships between symptoms that may perpetuate problems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>224 participants, 141 diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (Group A) at baseline (T0) and 83 healthy controls (Group B), from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety participated in ESM monitoring at 9-year follow-up (T1). Anxiety disorder status was assessed at T1 as well and used to group participants into group A-1, anxiety disorder at T0 and T1, and A-2, anxiety disorder at T0 but not at T1. 6 ESM items were used to conduct network analysis. The permutation test <em>mnet</em> was used to inspect the networks for significant differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The autoregression coefficients of ESM-items ‘worrying’ and ‘nervousness’ were larger in Group A compared to group B, as well as the temporal influence of worrying on tiredness. The autoregression coefficients of worrying and tiredness were larger in Group A-2 than in Group A-1, those of enthusiasm were larger in Group A-1. The influence of tiredness on apathy was greater in Group A-2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It seems likely that participants with chronic mood- and anxiety disorders are not distinct from each other on a level of symptomatic interconnectedness, even if they differ in diagnostic categories 9 years after baseline. These findings confirm the existing information regarding the chronic course that anxiety disorders often take.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101009
Katherine Séguin , Marie-Hélène Pennestri , Linda Booij , Raphaëlle Giac , Angélique Brun , Cathy Vaillancourt , Sarah Lippé , Catherine M. Herba , & the RESPPA team
Purpose
Pregnancy is a period of heightened vulnerability to mental illness. Research shows that poor sleep quality can predict mental health problems over time, although there is evidence of bidirectional associations. The objective was to study bidirectional links between maternal mental health, sleep quality and perceived parental impact over the perinatal period.
Methods
Pregnant individuals (Mage=31.13; SD=4.28) were recruited from October 2020-September 2022 for the Resilience and Perinatal Stress during the Pandemic (RESPPA) Study. Analyses (N= 1385) were conducted using cross-lagged panel models, with data collected from the third trimester of pregnancy (T1), at 3 months postpartum (T2) and 12 months postpartum (T3).
Results
Greater maternal anxiety symptoms at T1 were associated with poorer sleep quality at T2 (β=0.168, SE=0.035, p<.001), and with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 (β=-0.141, SE=0.043, p=.001). Greater maternal depressive symptoms at T1 were associated with poorer sleep quality at T2 (β=0.151, SE=0.036, p<.001), and with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 (β=-0.121, SE=0.044, p=.006). Greater maternal depressive symptoms at T2 were associated with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T3 (β=-0.147, SE=0.039, p<.001). A lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 was associated with greater maternal depressive symptoms at T3 (β=-0.102, SE=0.031, p=.001).
Conclusions
Results indicate associations between maternal mental health symptoms and subsequent perceived sleep quality, but not vice-versa. While anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent perceived parental impact, perceived parental impact was also associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms).
{"title":"Clarifying longitudinal associations between maternal mental health, perceived sleep quality, and perceived parental impact: A cross-lagged panel model","authors":"Katherine Séguin , Marie-Hélène Pennestri , Linda Booij , Raphaëlle Giac , Angélique Brun , Cathy Vaillancourt , Sarah Lippé , Catherine M. Herba , & the RESPPA team","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Pregnancy is a period of heightened vulnerability to mental illness. Research shows that poor sleep quality can predict mental health problems over time, although there is evidence of bidirectional associations. The objective was to study bidirectional links between maternal mental health, sleep quality and perceived parental impact over the perinatal period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pregnant individuals (<em>M<sub>age</sub></em>=31.13; <em>SD</em>=4.28) were recruited from October 2020-September 2022 for the Resilience and Perinatal Stress during the Pandemic (RESPPA) Study. Analyses (<em>N</em> <em>=</em> 1385) were conducted using cross-lagged panel models, with data collected from the third trimester of pregnancy (T1), at 3 months postpartum (T2) and 12 months postpartum (T3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Greater maternal anxiety symptoms at T1 were associated with poorer sleep quality at T2 (β=0.168, SE=0.035, <em>p</em><.001), and with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 (β=-0.141, SE=0.043, <em>p</em>=.001). Greater maternal depressive symptoms at T1 were associated with poorer sleep quality at T2 (β=0.151, SE=0.036, <em>p</em><.001), and with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 (β=-0.121, SE=0.044, <em>p</em>=.006). Greater maternal depressive symptoms at T2 were associated with a lower sense of perceived parental impact at T3 (β=-0.147, SE=0.039, <em>p</em><.001). A lower sense of perceived parental impact at T2 was associated with greater maternal depressive symptoms at T3 (β=-0.102, SE=0.031, <em>p</em>=.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results indicate associations between maternal mental health symptoms and subsequent perceived sleep quality, but not vice-versa. While anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent perceived parental impact, perceived parental impact was also associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101004
Hailiang Guo , Xueqin Wang , Zhang Jin
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical gaps in mental health support systems for vulnerable populations. While prior studies have documented parental stress during acute pandemic phases, longitudinal patterns across pandemic stages remain unexplored. This large-scale study examines the trajectory of parental mental health in China through three distinct pandemic phases (containment, normalization, reopening), addressing the critical need for time-sensitive intervention strategies.
Methods
A total of 166,435 parents (81.9 % mothers) were administered self-assessment questionnaires concerning both the pandemic and their mental well-being, during three phases: initial outbreak (April 2020), sustained control (November 2020) and policy relaxation (November 2021). Exploratory factor analysis extracted six latent dimensions, which accounted for 44.8 % of the total variance. K-means clustering (k = 5 determined by elbow method) categorized participants into mental health profiles. Subsequently, changes in the proportions of different clusters across different time points were investigated.
Results
Mental health trajectories followed a U-shaped curve: the proportion of parents identified as optimists decreasing from 33.6 % during the initial lockdown to 23.2 % at the pandemic peak, followed by a rebound to 43.8 % in the post-restriction phase. Latent transition analysis revealed significantly higher volatility in mental health trajectories among younger parents (<30 years). Additionally, mothers reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to fathers.
Conclusion
Findings reveal parents’ complex emotional challenges during the pandemic, stressing the need for tailored support, especially for mothers. By emphasizing age and gender, the research deepens understanding of COVID-19′s psychological impacts and calls for refined mental health approaches in global crises.
{"title":"Exploring psychological changes of parents during different phases of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study using factor analysis and k-means clustering","authors":"Hailiang Guo , Xueqin Wang , Zhang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical gaps in mental health support systems for vulnerable populations. While prior studies have documented parental stress during acute pandemic phases, longitudinal patterns across pandemic stages remain unexplored. This large-scale study examines the trajectory of parental mental health in China through three distinct pandemic phases (containment, normalization, reopening), addressing the critical need for time-sensitive intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 166,435 parents (81.9 % mothers) were administered self-assessment questionnaires concerning both the pandemic and their mental well-being, during three phases: initial outbreak (April 2020), sustained control (November 2020) and policy relaxation (November 2021). Exploratory factor analysis extracted six latent dimensions, which accounted for 44.8 % of the total variance. K-means clustering (<em>k</em> = 5 determined by elbow method) categorized participants into mental health profiles. Subsequently, changes in the proportions of different clusters across different time points were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mental health trajectories followed a U-shaped curve: the proportion of parents identified as optimists decreasing from 33.6 % during the initial lockdown to 23.2 % at the pandemic peak, followed by a rebound to 43.8 % in the post-restriction phase. Latent transition analysis revealed significantly higher volatility in mental health trajectories among younger parents (<30 years). Additionally, mothers reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to fathers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings reveal parents’ complex emotional challenges during the pandemic, stressing the need for tailored support, especially for mothers. By emphasizing age and gender, the research deepens understanding of COVID-19′s psychological impacts and calls for refined mental health approaches in global crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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