Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100867
Anteneh Asefa , Tamba Mina Millimouno , Nigus Bililign Yimer , Gracia Fellmeth , Grace Marie V. Ku , Makany Sangare , Abdoulaye Sow , Alexandre Delamou , Lenka Beňová
Depression in pregnancy (antepartum depression) is a common mental health condition associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Despite high prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries, there is a critical evidence gap on its prevalence in Guinea. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression among women seeking antenatal care (ANC) in urban Guinea and to identify factors associated with it. As baseline of a longitudinal mixed methods study, we surveyed 417 pregnant women at ≥28 weeks gestation seeking ANC at 22 selected health facilities in Conakry and screened them using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a score of 11 or higher indicating symptoms suggestive of depression. We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression was 34.5 % (95 % CI: 30.1–39.2). Women who worried 'sometimes' (aOR 3.10; 95 % CI: 1.83, 5.29) and 'very often' (aOR 5.69; 95 % CI: 2.72, 11.91) about feeding their family in the last weeks before the survey were more likely to have symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression than those who ‘never’ worried. Women who attended ANC at private health facilities were less likely to have symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression compared with those who attended ANC at public facilities (aOR 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.16, 0.69). The high prevalence of antepartum depressive symptoms in Conakry highlights the need to integrate mental health services into routine maternal healthcare and address socioeconomic determinants of perinatal mental health.
{"title":"Antepartum depression among women attending antenatal care in the third trimester in Conakry, Guinea: Findings from the MISPOD study","authors":"Anteneh Asefa , Tamba Mina Millimouno , Nigus Bililign Yimer , Gracia Fellmeth , Grace Marie V. Ku , Makany Sangare , Abdoulaye Sow , Alexandre Delamou , Lenka Beňová","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression in pregnancy (antepartum depression) is a common mental health condition associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Despite high prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries, there is a critical evidence gap on its prevalence in Guinea. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression among women seeking antenatal care (ANC) in urban Guinea and to identify factors associated with it. As baseline of a longitudinal mixed methods study, we surveyed 417 pregnant women at ≥28 weeks gestation seeking ANC at 22 selected health facilities in Conakry and screened them using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a score of 11 or higher indicating symptoms suggestive of depression. We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression was 34.5 % (95 % CI: 30.1–39.2). Women who worried 'sometimes' (aOR 3.10; 95 % CI: 1.83, 5.29) and 'very often' (aOR 5.69; 95 % CI: 2.72, 11.91) about feeding their family in the last weeks before the survey were more likely to have symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression than those who ‘never’ worried. Women who attended ANC at private health facilities were less likely to have symptoms suggestive of antepartum depression compared with those who attended ANC at public facilities (aOR 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.16, 0.69). The high prevalence of antepartum depressive symptoms in Conakry highlights the need to integrate mental health services into routine maternal healthcare and address socioeconomic determinants of perinatal mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100862
Emmy Wichelhaus , Dajana Schreiber , Laura Paashaus , Antje Schönfelder , Georg Juckel , Heide Glaesmer , Tobias Teismann , Thomas Forkmann
Introduction
Entrapment, the feeling of being trapped by external (EE) or internal (IE) circumstances, is an important transdiagnostic construct that is associated with both the development of depressiveness and suicide ideation. Entrapment can be validly assessed by the original English version of the Entrapment Scale (ES). So far, the German version of the Entrapment Scale has been psychometrically examined only once and exclusively in a non-clinical sample. In the present study we therefore examined whether the German version of the Entrapment Scale (ES-d) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring entrapment in a clinical sample.
Methods
The study represents a secondary analysis of a large multicentre project that investigated risk factors for suicide ideation and suicidal behaviour in a longitudinal design. The analyses are based on data from 287 patients who were admitted to hospital for a recent suicide attempt or an acute suicidal crisis. The factorial validity of the ES-d is tested by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency of the scale as well as its retest reliability are reported. Convergent validity (DESC, BSS, BHS), discriminant validity (PMH), and predictive validity with regard to suicide ideation and depression were examined at 6-month follow-up.
Results
The results confirm the two-factorial structure of ES-d, after three items were removed from the scale with a good internal consistency for external entrapment (EE: α = 0.84) as well as internal entrapment (IE: α = 0.85). The ES-d also showed good convergent (EE-DESC: r = 0.537. EE-BSS: r = 0.438, EE-BHS: r = 0.447; IE-DESC: r = 0.618, IE-BSS: r = 0.472, IE-BHS: r = 0.528) and discriminant (EE: r = -0.459, IE: r= -0.531) validity. Both the retest reliability (ES-d: r = 0.26, EE: r = 0.26, IE: r = 0.27) and the predictive validity prove to be low.
Discussion
The two-factorial structure of the Entrapment Scale was confirmed, however challenging the results of the previous validation of the German version, which had previously reported a single-factor structure of the scale based on a non-clinical sample. The German version of the Entrapment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring entrapment in a high-risk population.
{"title":"Validating the German version of the entrapment scale among suicidal psychiatric inpatients","authors":"Emmy Wichelhaus , Dajana Schreiber , Laura Paashaus , Antje Schönfelder , Georg Juckel , Heide Glaesmer , Tobias Teismann , Thomas Forkmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Entrapment, the feeling of being trapped by external (EE) or internal (IE) circumstances, is an important transdiagnostic construct that is associated with both the development of depressiveness and suicide ideation. Entrapment can be validly assessed by the original English version of the Entrapment Scale (ES). So far, the German version of the Entrapment Scale has been psychometrically examined only once and exclusively in a non-clinical sample. In the present study we therefore examined whether the German version of the Entrapment Scale (ES-d) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring entrapment in a clinical sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study represents a secondary analysis of a large multicentre project that investigated risk factors for suicide ideation and suicidal behaviour in a longitudinal design. The analyses are based on data from 287 patients who were admitted to hospital for a recent suicide attempt or an acute suicidal crisis. The factorial validity of the ES-d is tested by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency of the scale as well as its retest reliability are reported. Convergent validity (DESC, BSS, BHS), discriminant validity (PMH), and predictive validity with regard to suicide ideation and depression were examined at 6-month follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results confirm the two-factorial structure of ES-d, after three items were removed from the scale with a good internal consistency for external entrapment (EE: α = 0.84) as well as internal entrapment (IE: α = 0.85). The ES-d also showed good convergent (EE-DESC: r = 0.537. EE-BSS: r = 0.438, EE-BHS: r = 0.447; IE-DESC: r = 0.618, IE-BSS: r = 0.472, IE-BHS: r = 0.528) and discriminant (EE: r = -0.459, IE: r= -0.531) validity. Both the retest reliability (ES-d: r = 0.26, EE: r = 0.26, IE: r = 0.27) and the predictive validity prove to be low.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The two-factorial structure of the Entrapment Scale was confirmed, however challenging the results of the previous validation of the German version, which had previously reported a single-factor structure of the scale based on a non-clinical sample. The German version of the Entrapment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring entrapment in a high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100861
Pia Eitenmüller , Ana Maria Fiesel , Siegmund Köhler , Pia von Blanckenburg , Hanna Christiansen
Background
The impact of unmet expectations on birth satisfaction and thus postpartum mental health has been described. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum mental distress, the direct influence of birth-related expectation violations has hardly been investigated. In this study, we explored the impact of birth-related expectation violations on postpartum maternal somatic symptoms and stress.
Methods
Our sample consisted of 125 women who filled out two surveys on childbirth expectations, on somatic symptom severity and psychosocial stress (German Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-D); during pregnancy (T1) and after birth (T2; up to six months postpartum). We identified expectation violations concerning pain, mode of birth, interaction with clinical staff and midwives, birth complications and support from partner/companion through evaluative qualitative content analysis and calculated their predictive power for postpartum somatic symptoms and stress via two regression analyses.
Results
Regression analyses yielded significant results, explaining 40.7 % of higher postpartum somatic symptoms with more negative expectation violation in mode of birth and the primiparous status. Overall, 38.7 % of higher postpartum stress was explained by more negative expectation violations with birth mode as the only predictor.
Limitation
A deductive approach to assess birth-related expectations might have contributed to biased responses, the retrospective assessment of birth experiences to biased recall. Further control variables such as pregnancy complications or the actual mode of birth should be investigated.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that unmet expectations about the birth mode significantly affect postpartum mental health. This suggests a potential opportunity for preventive measures to foster realistic childbirth expectations and thus enhance the overall birth experience.
{"title":"Associations between birth-related expectation violations and postpartum somatic symptoms and stress in mothers","authors":"Pia Eitenmüller , Ana Maria Fiesel , Siegmund Köhler , Pia von Blanckenburg , Hanna Christiansen","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of unmet expectations on birth satisfaction and thus postpartum mental health has been described. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum mental distress, the direct influence of birth-related expectation violations has hardly been investigated. In this study, we explored the impact of birth-related expectation violations on postpartum maternal somatic symptoms and stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our sample consisted of 125 women who filled out two surveys on childbirth expectations, on somatic symptom severity and psychosocial stress (German Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-D); during pregnancy (T1) and after birth (T2; up to six months postpartum<em>).</em> We identified expectation violations concerning pain, mode of birth, interaction with clinical staff and midwives, birth complications and support from partner/companion through evaluative qualitative content analysis and calculated their predictive power for postpartum somatic symptoms and stress via two regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regression analyses yielded significant results, explaining 40.7 % of higher postpartum somatic symptoms with more negative expectation violation in mode of birth and the primiparous status. Overall, 38.7 % of higher postpartum stress was explained by more negative expectation violations with birth mode as the only predictor.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>A deductive approach to assess birth-related expectations might have contributed to biased responses, the retrospective assessment of birth experiences to biased recall. Further control variables such as pregnancy complications or the actual mode of birth should be investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study revealed that unmet expectations about the birth mode significantly affect postpartum mental health. This suggests a potential opportunity for preventive measures to foster realistic childbirth expectations and thus enhance the overall birth experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100865
Brittney Thompson , Nicholas Santopetro , Brian Albanese , Norman B. Schmidt
Background
Depression involves dysfunctions in reward and cognitive processing, with event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrating impaired reward positivity (RewP) and P300 components, reflecting deficits in processes such as reward consumption, decision making and motivation. However, depression is both a highly heterogenous disorder and highly comorbid with other internalizing disorders that are also characterized by similar deficits in RewP and P300, the specificity of these neural dysfunctions to depression and its symptom clusters, is less understood.
Methods
The current study employed a complex monetary gambling task, Gehring task, to examine depression-specific dysfunctions in decision making (choice-P300) and response to reward (RewP) within reward processing in a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with current depressive disorders (DEP; n = 107) compared to adults with other current internalizing disorders but no history of depression (non-DEP; n = 73).
Results
DEP participants exhibited significantly blunted P300 amplitude to mixed-choice (low and high reward) stimuli compared to non-DEP participants. No significant group differences emerged for P300 to other choice stimuli or for RewP. Moreover, reduced mixed-choice P300 was specifically associated with elevated anhedonic symptoms.
Limitations
Our work is cross-sectional in nature; therefore, we cannot establish a cause-effect relationship.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that within the internalizing disorders spectrum, depression is particularly characterized by deficits in decision making, indicated by reduced P300 amplitude, which is potentially reflecting elevations in anhedonia that does not characterize other internalizing disorders.
{"title":"Depression-specific P300 deficits compared to other forms of internalizing psychopathology","authors":"Brittney Thompson , Nicholas Santopetro , Brian Albanese , Norman B. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression involves dysfunctions in reward and cognitive processing, with event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrating impaired reward positivity (RewP) and P300 components, reflecting deficits in processes such as reward consumption, decision making and motivation. However, depression is both a highly heterogenous disorder and highly comorbid with other internalizing disorders that are also characterized by similar deficits in RewP and P300, the specificity of these neural dysfunctions to depression and its symptom clusters, is less understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study employed a complex monetary gambling task, Gehring task, to examine depression-specific dysfunctions in decision making (choice-P300) and response to reward (RewP) within reward processing in a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with current depressive disorders (DEP; <em>n</em> = 107) compared to adults with other current internalizing disorders but no history of depression (non-DEP; <em>n</em> = 73).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DEP participants exhibited significantly blunted P300 amplitude to mixed-choice (low and high reward) stimuli compared to non-DEP participants. No significant group differences emerged for P300 to other choice stimuli or for RewP. Moreover, reduced mixed-choice P300 was specifically associated with elevated anhedonic symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Our work is cross-sectional in nature; therefore, we cannot establish a cause-effect relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that within the internalizing disorders spectrum, depression is particularly characterized by deficits in decision making, indicated by reduced P300 amplitude, which is potentially reflecting elevations in anhedonia that does not characterize other internalizing disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100870
Naima Guhad Shire , Michael Ioannou , Örjan Falk , Ane Bakken Wold , Caroline Wass , Zoltán Szabó , Steinn Steingrimsson
Background
Ketamine shows promise for treating bipolar depression, particularly in severe cases. However, the optimal administration route and enantiomer (esketamine, arketamine, or racemic mixture) remain unclear. This case series presents data on intravenous (IV) esketamine in bipolar depression, addressing a gap in published literature.
Methods
This retrospective chart review included adult inpatients with bipolar depression treated with multiple IV esketamine infusions. Outcomes were measured using the self-rated Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS-S) and clinician-rated improved Global Clinical Impression Scale-Severity Index (rCGI-S). Tolerability data were also collected.
Results
Thirteen patients received 4–6 IV esketamine infusions over two weeks. Statistically significant improvements were observed in MADRS-S total scores (p = 0.002) and rCGI-S scores (p < 0.001) but not in MADRS-S suicidal thoughts item (p = 0.125). Infusions were generally well-tolerated, with treatment-emergent hypomania in two patients (15.4 %).
Limitations
The retrospective design without a control group limited effectiveness evaluation.
Conclusions
Preliminary results of IV esketamine for bipolar depression are promising, but its role in treatment algorithms requires clarification. Randomized controlled studies are needed to investigate its effectiveness further.
{"title":"Repeated intravenous infusions of esketamine in inpatients with bipolar depression: A retrospective real-world study","authors":"Naima Guhad Shire , Michael Ioannou , Örjan Falk , Ane Bakken Wold , Caroline Wass , Zoltán Szabó , Steinn Steingrimsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ketamine shows promise for treating bipolar depression, particularly in severe cases. However, the optimal administration route and enantiomer (esketamine, arketamine, or racemic mixture) remain unclear. This case series presents data on intravenous (IV) esketamine in bipolar depression, addressing a gap in published literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective chart review included adult inpatients with bipolar depression treated with multiple IV esketamine infusions. Outcomes were measured using the self-rated Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS-S) and clinician-rated improved Global Clinical Impression Scale-Severity Index (rCGI-S). Tolerability data were also collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen patients received 4–6 IV esketamine infusions over two weeks. Statistically significant improvements were observed in MADRS-S total scores (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and rCGI-S scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001) but not in MADRS-S suicidal thoughts item (<em>p</em> = 0.125). Infusions were generally well-tolerated, with treatment-emergent hypomania in two patients (15.4 %).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The retrospective design without a control group limited effectiveness evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preliminary results of IV esketamine for bipolar depression are promising, but its role in treatment algorithms requires clarification. Randomized controlled studies are needed to investigate its effectiveness further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100866
Rudy Abi-Habib, Wissam Kheir, Pia Tohme
Objective
The Beirut Port explosion on August 4, 2020, led to widespread devastation and significant psychological impacts, including the development of psychological disorders like PTSD. This study investigates the predictors of PTSD following this event, focusing on the differences between direct and indirect exposure to trauma
Methods
The sample consisted of 743 Lebanese participants. The DSM-5 revised criteria for indirect exposure, including secondary traumatic stress, are considered. Measures included the PCL-5, DASS-21, RFQ-8, and CD-RISC-10.
Results
The study confirms that both direct and indirect exposures contribute to PTSD development, with direct exposure linked to more severe PTSD symptoms. It also highlights the importance of demographic factors like gender and age in PTSD prevalence, with women and younger individuals more susceptible to PTSD in indirect exposure scenarios.
Conclusions
Protective factors like mentalizing and resilience are discussed, revealing their complex relationship with trauma exposure. Our findings have significant implications for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies for different trauma exposure types and subpopulations.
{"title":"Predictors of a PTSD diagnosis following the Beirut port explosion: Comparing the direct and indirect effects of exposure to trauma","authors":"Rudy Abi-Habib, Wissam Kheir, Pia Tohme","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Beirut Port explosion on August 4, 2020, led to widespread devastation and significant psychological impacts, including the development of psychological disorders like PTSD. This study investigates the predictors of PTSD following this event, focusing on the differences between direct and indirect exposure to trauma</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample consisted of 743 Lebanese participants. The DSM-5 revised criteria for indirect exposure, including secondary traumatic stress, are considered. Measures included the PCL-5, DASS-21, RFQ-8, and CD-RISC-10.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study confirms that both direct and indirect exposures contribute to PTSD development, with direct exposure linked to more severe PTSD symptoms. It also highlights the importance of demographic factors like gender and age in PTSD prevalence, with women and younger individuals more susceptible to PTSD in indirect exposure scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Protective factors like mentalizing and resilience are discussed, revealing their complex relationship with trauma exposure. Our findings have significant implications for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies for different trauma exposure types and subpopulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100855
Simon Ladwig , Matthias Volz , Julia Haupt , Anya Pedersen , Katja Werheid
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), depressive symptoms, disability, and social support show complex interdependences after stroke, which cannot be sufficiently depicted by commonly used uni- or bivariate analyses. Applying a network analysis, we aim to disentangle these multivariate relationships and deduce meaningful starting points for interventions.
Methods
Stroke survivors (N = 202) were recruited from two inpatient rehabilitation clinics. Participants self-reported mental and physical HRQOL, depressive symptoms, disability, and social support. We computed a partial correlation network and included these five variables as separate nodes. We estimated edge weights, node centrality (expected influence), node predictability, and clusters. Bootstrap methods were applied to assess network stability.
Results
Depressive symptoms and mental HRQOL were the most central and interconnected nodes in the network. Depressive symptoms built its own cluster. Social support showed a high association with depressive symptoms. Disability had no significant associations with other nodes in the network. Physical HRQOL was significantly connected only to its mental equivalent.
Limitations
The cross-sectional design limits the findings to the setting of inpatient rehabilitation few weeks after stroke and allows no longitudinal inferences. The relatively small sample size and varying metrics of applied measures are counterbalanced by a high stability of estimations.
Conclusions
Depression and social support show stronger associations with HRQOL than physical aspects during stroke inpatient rehabilitation. This underscores the significance of mental aspects shortly after stroke. Development and implementation of early interventions targeting depressive symptoms and social support may sustainably mitigate the burden on HRQOL after stroke.
{"title":"Disentangling the relationships of health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, disability and social support after stroke: A network analysis","authors":"Simon Ladwig , Matthias Volz , Julia Haupt , Anya Pedersen , Katja Werheid","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), depressive symptoms, disability, and social support show complex interdependences after stroke, which cannot be sufficiently depicted by commonly used uni- or bivariate analyses. Applying a network analysis, we aim to disentangle these multivariate relationships and deduce meaningful starting points for interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stroke survivors (<em>N</em> = 202) were recruited from two inpatient rehabilitation clinics. Participants self-reported mental and physical HRQOL, depressive symptoms, disability, and social support. We computed a partial correlation network and included these five variables as separate nodes. We estimated edge weights, node centrality (expected influence), node predictability, and clusters. Bootstrap methods were applied to assess network stability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depressive symptoms and mental HRQOL were the most central and interconnected nodes in the network. Depressive symptoms built its own cluster. Social support showed a high association with depressive symptoms. Disability had no significant associations with other nodes in the network. Physical HRQOL was significantly connected only to its mental equivalent.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The cross-sectional design limits the findings to the setting of inpatient rehabilitation few weeks after stroke and allows no longitudinal inferences. The relatively small sample size and varying metrics of applied measures are counterbalanced by a high stability of estimations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Depression and social support show stronger associations with HRQOL than physical aspects during stroke inpatient rehabilitation. This underscores the significance of mental aspects shortly after stroke. Development and implementation of early interventions targeting depressive symptoms and social support may sustainably mitigate the burden on HRQOL after stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100854
Bonnie L Quigley , Nathan Wellington , Megan Dutton , Ana P Bouças , Grace Forsyth , Cyrana C Gallay , Maryam Hajishafiee , Jim Lagopoulos , Adem T Can , Daniel F Hermens
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by pervasive and persistent symptoms that negatively impact quality-of-life. A relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and PTSD symptom severity has been investigated with mixed results. This study aimed to systematically investigate BDNF and PTSD symptom severity in a PTSD cohort (n = 43).
Methods
BDNF levels were determined from both serum and plasma using two BDNF assays (targeting general BDNF and mature BDNF specifically). BDNF levels were compared to PTSD symptom severity scores determined by clinical interview using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for DSM-5 and the self-rated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder checklist (PCL-5) for DSM-5.
Results
Only mature BDNF levels from serum revealed a significant negative correlation to both CAPS-5 and PCL-5 scores. Additionally, when the study cohort was defined by the CAPS-5 criteria for PTSD, the BDNF to symptom severity correlation was stronger than when the cohort was defined by the PCL-5 criteria.
Limitations
This study acknowledges that limited numbers of PTSD participants with complex co-morbidities and multiple test comparisons requires caution in overinterpretation of results.
Conclusions
Overall, this study found that decreasing levels of mature BDNF from serum was associated with increasing symptom severity and that the type of sample, the specificity of the BDNF assay and the PTSD evaluation method all impacted whether a relationship between BDNF and PTSD symptom severity could be detected.
{"title":"Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in serum correlate with symptom severity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","authors":"Bonnie L Quigley , Nathan Wellington , Megan Dutton , Ana P Bouças , Grace Forsyth , Cyrana C Gallay , Maryam Hajishafiee , Jim Lagopoulos , Adem T Can , Daniel F Hermens","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by pervasive and persistent symptoms that negatively impact quality-of-life. A relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and PTSD symptom severity has been investigated with mixed results. This study aimed to systematically investigate BDNF and PTSD symptom severity in a PTSD cohort (<em>n</em> = 43).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BDNF levels were determined from both serum and plasma using two BDNF assays (targeting general BDNF and mature BDNF specifically). BDNF levels were compared to PTSD symptom severity scores determined by clinical interview using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for DSM-5 and the self-rated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder checklist (PCL-5) for DSM-5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only mature BDNF levels from serum revealed a significant negative correlation to both CAPS-5 and PCL-5 scores. Additionally, when the study cohort was defined by the CAPS-5 criteria for PTSD, the BDNF to symptom severity correlation was stronger than when the cohort was defined by the PCL-5 criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This study acknowledges that limited numbers of PTSD participants with complex co-morbidities and multiple test comparisons requires caution in overinterpretation of results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, this study found that decreasing levels of mature BDNF from serum was associated with increasing symptom severity and that the type of sample, the specificity of the BDNF assay and the PTSD evaluation method all impacted whether a relationship between BDNF and PTSD symptom severity could be detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100856
Kate Zona , Hsiang Huang , Margaret Spottswood
Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions and high rates of medical service utilization. Given that PTSD is highly prevalent in the primary care setting, group therapy delivered within this setting has the potential to treat large numbers of patients. To date, few studies have examined the feasibility or effectiveness of group therapy for PTSD within primary care.
Methods
A pilot study of a PTSD group therapy intervention based on the Trauma Information Group model was conducted in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Across 9 cohorts, 32 individuals with PTSD completed 8–10 group therapy sessions. Self-reported PTSD severity was assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at baseline and post-treatment.
Results
Fifty percent of participants had a PTSD treatment response (PCL-5 score reduction ≥10) following group therapy and paired t-tests demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in PCL-5 scores from pre- to post-treatment. Patient demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbities were not associated with treatment response.
Limitations
The small sample size, demographic characteristics, and FQHC setting potentially limit the generalizability of these findings. Treatment dropout rates and associated factors also were not examined.
Conclusions
The Trauma Information Group treatment for PTSD was feasible to implement within a low resourced primary care setting and led to improvement in PTSD symptoms in this pilot study. These findings suggest that offering group therapy for PTSD within primary care could improve access to effective treatment and warrant future research to examine feasibility and effectiveness in this setting.
{"title":"Implementing group therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder within a primary care setting: A pilot study","authors":"Kate Zona , Hsiang Huang , Margaret Spottswood","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions and high rates of medical service utilization. Given that PTSD is highly prevalent in the primary care setting, group therapy delivered within this setting has the potential to treat large numbers of patients. To date, few studies have examined the feasibility or effectiveness of group therapy for PTSD within primary care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pilot study of a PTSD group therapy intervention based on the Trauma Information Group model was conducted in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Across 9 cohorts, 32 individuals with PTSD completed 8–10 group therapy sessions. Self-reported PTSD severity was assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at baseline and post-treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty percent of participants had a PTSD treatment response (PCL-5 score reduction ≥10) following group therapy and paired <em>t</em>-tests demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in PCL-5 scores from pre- to post-treatment. Patient demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbities were not associated with treatment response.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The small sample size, demographic characteristics, and FQHC setting potentially limit the generalizability of these findings. Treatment dropout rates and associated factors also were not examined.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Trauma Information Group treatment for PTSD was feasible to implement within a low resourced primary care setting and led to improvement in PTSD symptoms in this pilot study. These findings suggest that offering group therapy for PTSD within primary care could improve access to effective treatment and warrant future research to examine feasibility and effectiveness in this setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Addressing perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone faces challenges due to the lack of culturally appropriate assessment tools, despite recent WHO recommendations for screening during the pre- and postpartum periods. While high-income countries use tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), their cross-cultural validity and efficacy in developing countries are uncertain. The aim of this study was to address this gap by developing a functional assessment tool, culturally appropriate screening tool for perinatal psychological distress, and validate it with the PHQ-9.
Method
Following scale development guidelines, the study encompassed three phases: Item Development, Scale Development, and Scale Evaluation. Data from free listing interviews (n = 96), FGDs (n = 24), and cognitive interviews (n = 8) informed the development of the Sierra Leone Perinatal Psychological Distress Scale (SLPPDS) and a Function scale. Item reduction via exploratory factor analysis (n = 120) and validation (n = 140) were conducted in subsequent phases.
Result
Two screening instruments were developed: the 10-item SLPPDS and a 5-item Function scale assessing perinatal women's ability to perform daily tasks. Sensitivity/specificity values for the SLPPDS and PHQ-9 were 80.0/85.7 and 73.8/76.2 respectively. Internal consistency reliability was 0.88 for the SLPPDS and 0.81 for the PHQ-9. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model with 54.9 % variance explained. ROC/cut-off points for SLPPDS and PHQ-9 were 0.90/0.81 and 8.0/7.0 respectively.
Conclusion
The PHQ-9 shows validity and reliability as a screening instrument, but the SLPPDS emerges as a potentially more salient alternative for assessing perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone. This implies the SLPDDS is particularly relevant, meaningful, and applicable to the specific cultural or community context it was designed for. It suggests that the tool effectively addresses the unique needs, perspectives, and experiences of the perinatal women, making it more likely to resonate with users and stakeholders. This relevance may enhance the tool's acceptance, usability, and overall impact in identifying and addressing perinatal mental health issues in Sierra Leone. These instruments could enable effective evaluation of perinatal mental health initiatives by government agencies, locals, and international NGOs.
{"title":"Developing and validating the Sierra Leone perinatal psychological distress scale through an emic-etic approach","authors":"Abdulai Jawo Bah , Haja Ramatulai Wurie , Mohamed Samai , Rebecca Horn , Alastair Ager","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Addressing perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone faces challenges due to the lack of culturally appropriate assessment tools, despite recent WHO recommendations for screening during the pre- and postpartum periods. While high-income countries use tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), their cross-cultural validity and efficacy in developing countries are uncertain. The aim of this study was to address this gap by developing a functional assessment tool, culturally appropriate screening tool for perinatal psychological distress, and validate it with the PHQ-9.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Following scale development guidelines, the study encompassed three phases: Item Development, Scale Development, and Scale Evaluation. Data from free listing interviews (<em>n</em> = 96), FGDs (<em>n</em> = 24), and cognitive interviews (<em>n</em> = 8) informed the development of the Sierra Leone Perinatal Psychological Distress Scale (SLPPDS) and a Function scale. Item reduction via exploratory factor analysis (<em>n</em> = 120) and validation (<em>n</em> = 140) were conducted in subsequent phases.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Two screening instruments were developed: the 10-item SLPPDS and a 5-item Function scale assessing perinatal women's ability to perform daily tasks. Sensitivity/specificity values for the SLPPDS and PHQ-9 were 80.0/85.7 and 73.8/76.2 respectively. Internal consistency reliability was 0.88 for the SLPPDS and 0.81 for the PHQ-9. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model with 54.9 % variance explained. ROC/cut-off points for SLPPDS and PHQ-9 were 0.90/0.81 and 8.0/7.0 respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The PHQ-9 shows validity and reliability as a screening instrument, but the SLPPDS emerges as a potentially more salient alternative for assessing perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone. This implies the SLPDDS is particularly relevant, meaningful, and applicable to the specific cultural or community context it was designed for. It suggests that the tool effectively addresses the unique needs, perspectives, and experiences of the perinatal women, making it more likely to resonate with users and stakeholders. This relevance may enhance the tool's acceptance, usability, and overall impact in identifying and addressing perinatal mental health issues in Sierra Leone. These instruments could enable effective evaluation of perinatal mental health initiatives by government agencies, locals, and international NGOs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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