Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839
Ran Yan , Natasha Chaku , Nestor L. Lopez-Duran , Patricia J. Deldin , Adriene M. Beltz
Background
Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g., expression) of daily symptom fluctuations may contribute to this disparity. The current study examines: a) gender differences in daily depressive symptoms – and fluctuations; and b) daily links between self-perceived gender expression and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Established adults (N = 96; Mage = 28.19, SDage = 8.43) participated in an ecologically-valid multi-wave 100-day intensive longitudinal study. They reported daily on their depressive symptoms, and on their self-expression in the final study wave. Gender differences in daily symptoms fluctuations (intraindividual standard deviations) and their links to gender expression (person-specific residualized correlations) were examined.
Results
Women experienced greater day-to-day symptom fluctuations than men, after accounting for the gender difference in baseline symptoms (b = -0.05; 95 % CI: [-0.093, -0.012]). Results from a subsample (n = 28) showed that daily links between gender expression and depressive symptoms were heterogeneous: For 38.5 % of men and 53.3 % of women, daily increases in congruent gender expressions (i.e., masculine for men and feminine for women) corresponded with daily symptom decreases, but many individuals (46.4 %) did not show meaningful relations.
Conclusions
Results highlight the utility of intensive longitudinal approaches for the study of depression and, for some people, the daily psychological relations with gender self-perceptions. Results also emphasize heterogeneity in depression etiology and the need for personalized basic and applied science.
Limitations
Future research on individuals with varying gender identities and clinical experiences is needed.
{"title":"Gender matters for daily depression: Symptom fluctuations and links to self-expression","authors":"Ran Yan , Natasha Chaku , Nestor L. Lopez-Duran , Patricia J. Deldin , Adriene M. Beltz","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g., expression) of daily symptom fluctuations may contribute to this disparity. The current study examines: a) gender differences in daily depressive symptoms – and fluctuations; and b) daily links between self-perceived gender expression and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Established adults (<em>N</em> = 96; <em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 28.19, <em>SD<sub>age</sub></em> = 8.43) participated in an ecologically-valid multi-wave 100-day intensive longitudinal study. They reported daily on their depressive symptoms, and on their self-expression in the final study wave. Gender differences in daily symptoms fluctuations (intraindividual standard deviations) and their links to gender expression (person-specific residualized correlations) were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women experienced greater day-to-day symptom fluctuations than men, after accounting for the gender difference in baseline symptoms (<em>b</em> = -0.05; 95 % CI: [-0.093, -0.012]). Results from a subsample (<em>n</em> = 28) showed that daily links between gender expression and depressive symptoms were heterogeneous: For 38.5 % of men and 53.3 % of women, daily increases in congruent gender expressions (i.e., masculine for men and feminine for women) corresponded with daily symptom decreases, but many individuals (46.4 %) did not show meaningful relations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results highlight the utility of intensive longitudinal approaches for the study of depression and, for some people, the daily psychological relations with gender self-perceptions. Results also emphasize heterogeneity in depression etiology and the need for personalized basic and applied science.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Future research on individuals with varying gender identities and clinical experiences is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838
Ehraz Anis , LeAnn Smart , Colt Capan , Cameron Forton , Martha L Escobar Galvis , Qiong Sha , Eric Achtyes , Lena Brundin
Background
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection has been linked to depression, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that recurring HSV infection could exacerbate depressive symptomatology via activation of the immune response and the kynurenine pathway in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Methods
32 MDD patients and 17 psychiatrically healthy individuals with a history of HSV recurrence were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were obtained, and psychiatric symptom severity was assessed at three separate visits- asymptomatic, active infection, and follow-up. Plasma levels of tryptophan metabolite levels were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and inflammation-associated proteins were measured using high sensitivity electrochemiluminescence.
Results
There was a significant effect of infection recurrence on IFN-γ and sICAM-1 levels, the latter being influenced by MDD diagnosis. This indicates that the effect of infection on sICAM-1 levels differs between control and depressed groups, although post hoc analysis suggests that interaction effect might be subtle. Infection recurrence had a significant effect on the reactivity of psychiatric symptoms. Finally, there was a positive correlation between levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and depression severity in the cohort during infection recurrence.
Limitations
Relatively small sample size, limited number of male participants, and the relatively weak inflammatory stimuli studied.
Conclusions
MDD patients might react with an exacerbation of symptoms along with elevations of inflammatory markers during HSV recurrence. Further, the association with symptom severity indicates that therapeutic modulation of inflammation may be beneficial in patients with MDD, especially during active infections.
{"title":"Herpes simplex reactivation triggers symptom exacerbation in patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"Ehraz Anis , LeAnn Smart , Colt Capan , Cameron Forton , Martha L Escobar Galvis , Qiong Sha , Eric Achtyes , Lena Brundin","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection has been linked to depression, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that recurring HSV infection could exacerbate depressive symptomatology via activation of the immune response and the kynurenine pathway in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>32 MDD patients and 17 psychiatrically healthy individuals with a history of HSV recurrence were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were obtained, and psychiatric symptom severity was assessed at three separate visits- asymptomatic, active infection, and follow-up. Plasma levels of tryptophan metabolite levels were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and inflammation-associated proteins were measured using high sensitivity electrochemiluminescence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant effect of infection recurrence on IFN-γ and sICAM-1 levels, the latter being influenced by MDD diagnosis. This indicates that the effect of infection on sICAM-1 levels differs between control and depressed groups, although post hoc analysis suggests that interaction effect might be subtle. Infection recurrence had a significant effect on the reactivity of psychiatric symptoms. Finally, there was a positive correlation between levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and depression severity in the cohort during infection recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Relatively small sample size, limited number of male participants, and the relatively weak inflammatory stimuli studied.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDD patients might react with an exacerbation of symptoms along with elevations of inflammatory markers during HSV recurrence. Further, the association with symptom severity indicates that therapeutic modulation of inflammation may be beneficial in patients with MDD, especially during active infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explored the impact of writing a “Good Things Diary (GTDiary) of Caregiving” on family caregivers’ mental health and their evaluation of caregiving roles.
Method
We analyzed data from 27 Japanese caregivers for their parents recruited through crowdsourcing. We randomly assigned the participants to one of two groups: the GTDiary of Caregiving group (15 participants) or the Control Diary of Caregiving group (12 participants). We instructed both groups to write a diary for 14 days. Pre- and post-diary questionnaires assessed participants’ well-being, caregiving burden, positive evaluations of caregiving, and stress levels.
Results
We observed significant improvements in well-being and positive evaluations of caregiving only in the GTDiary of Caregiving group, which had higher well-being and more positive evaluations of caregiving after keeping the diary. However, both groups experienced reductions in caregiving burden and stress.
Limitation
Our group of participants included children and stepchildren of caregivers since we made use of crowdsourcing services. Additionally, this study had a mostly male representation among participants, which does not match with the higher occurrence of female family caregivers in Japan. Consequently, the study's participants may not fully reflect the broader population of family caregivers.
Conclusions
Writing a caregiving diary helps family caregivers reduce their perceived burden and stress. Focusing on “good things” in caregiving elevates their perception of positive aspects and enhances well-being.
{"title":"Effects of family caregivers keeping a “Good Things Diary of Caregiving” on mental health, caregiving burden, and positive evaluations of caregiving: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Takeshi Kurinobu , Akitoshi Tomita , Ryo Matsukuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We explored the impact of writing a “Good Things Diary (GTDiary) of Caregiving” on family caregivers’ mental health and their evaluation of caregiving roles.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We analyzed data from 27 Japanese caregivers for their parents recruited through crowdsourcing. We randomly assigned the participants to one of two groups: the GTDiary of Caregiving group (15 participants) or the Control Diary of Caregiving group (12 participants). We instructed both groups to write a diary for 14 days. Pre- and post-diary questionnaires assessed participants’ well-being, caregiving burden, positive evaluations of caregiving, and stress levels.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed significant improvements in well-being and positive evaluations of caregiving only in the GTDiary of Caregiving group, which had higher well-being and more positive evaluations of caregiving after keeping the diary. However, both groups experienced reductions in caregiving burden and stress.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>Our group of participants included children and stepchildren of caregivers since we made use of crowdsourcing services. Additionally, this study had a mostly male representation among participants, which does not match with the higher occurrence of female family caregivers in Japan. Consequently, the study's participants may not fully reflect the broader population of family caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Writing a caregiving diary helps family caregivers reduce their perceived burden and stress. Focusing on “good things” in caregiving elevates their perception of positive aspects and enhances well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001161/pdfft?md5=1f82936803d27ef840d0d849ee9ccc5f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826
Nur Asyikin Yakub , Syed Faraz Ali , Nik Daliana Nik Farid , Nurul Izzah Shari , Siti Aisyah Panatik
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parenting stress has grown dramatically as a result of the pandemic, according to a systematic analysis that compared parenting styles and mental health-related factors before and during COVID-19. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, parents reported feeling more stressed. This included anxiety about their kids' health and safety, financial hardships, and interruptions to their regular routines and support networks. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the pandemic had a detrimental effect on parents' mental health, with greater rates of anxiety, sadness, and overall psychological distress among parents. These findings demonstrate the intricate interactions that exist between personal variables and exogenous stressors like the pandemic that affect parenting stress. The COVID-19 pandemic and other external stressors, financial hardships, and marital status are only a few of the variables that might affect parenting stress overall. Consequently, while analyzing parenting stress, creating parent support interventions, and contrasting pre- and post-COVID-19 patterns, it is imperative to take these diverse elements into account.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study includes material from three well-known databases that are used by scholars all around the world: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The records were screened during the review process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We evaluated 10,053 abstracts and titles found through Google Scholar and database searches. After a complete text screening of 253 publications, 18 research were included in our study. According to the data retrieved from every database, the research questions in this study are multidisciplinary in nature, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare and the development of new healthcare technologies. The most prevalent discipline is psychology, which is followed by medicine, social sciences, environmental sciences, and the arts and humanities. Additionally, for each year between 2018 and 2023, a clear change in the publishing and citation trends is apparent. With a total of 8 publications, 2022 notably has the most publications ever recorded. In 2020, citations from five publications reached their high, indicating a peak in citation scores. The meta-analysis from all highlighted studies indicated a significant influence of parenting style on parental well-being. However, they also noted additional psychological and social factors contributing to parental mental health. Some studies examined the mental health of both parents collectively, while others focused on individual mothers and fathers. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly impacted parenting style, parental stress, and caregivers' mental health, leading to noticeable shifts compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As a whol
{"title":"A systematic review comparing pre-post COVID-19 pandemic parenting style and mental health-related factors","authors":"Nur Asyikin Yakub , Syed Faraz Ali , Nik Daliana Nik Farid , Nurul Izzah Shari , Siti Aisyah Panatik","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parenting stress has grown dramatically as a result of the pandemic, according to a systematic analysis that compared parenting styles and mental health-related factors before and during COVID-19. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, parents reported feeling more stressed. This included anxiety about their kids' health and safety, financial hardships, and interruptions to their regular routines and support networks. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the pandemic had a detrimental effect on parents' mental health, with greater rates of anxiety, sadness, and overall psychological distress among parents. These findings demonstrate the intricate interactions that exist between personal variables and exogenous stressors like the pandemic that affect parenting stress. The COVID-19 pandemic and other external stressors, financial hardships, and marital status are only a few of the variables that might affect parenting stress overall. Consequently, while analyzing parenting stress, creating parent support interventions, and contrasting pre- and post-COVID-19 patterns, it is imperative to take these diverse elements into account.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study includes material from three well-known databases that are used by scholars all around the world: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The records were screened during the review process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We evaluated 10,053 abstracts and titles found through Google Scholar and database searches. After a complete text screening of 253 publications, 18 research were included in our study. According to the data retrieved from every database, the research questions in this study are multidisciplinary in nature, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare and the development of new healthcare technologies. The most prevalent discipline is psychology, which is followed by medicine, social sciences, environmental sciences, and the arts and humanities. Additionally, for each year between 2018 and 2023, a clear change in the publishing and citation trends is apparent. With a total of 8 publications, 2022 notably has the most publications ever recorded. In 2020, citations from five publications reached their high, indicating a peak in citation scores. The meta-analysis from all highlighted studies indicated a significant influence of parenting style on parental well-being. However, they also noted additional psychological and social factors contributing to parental mental health. Some studies examined the mental health of both parents collectively, while others focused on individual mothers and fathers. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly impacted parenting style, parental stress, and caregivers' mental health, leading to noticeable shifts compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As a whol","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001124/pdfft?md5=12a5521b8027e10b2e9c63c429a25b47&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100833
Nicholas Murphy , Grace Pham , Andreas Weyland , Julia Engelhardt , George Kypriotakis , Ynhi T. Thomas , Thomas R. Kosten , Nidal Moukaddam , Sanjay J. Mathew , Alan C. Swann
Background
Studies attempting to distinguish suicide attempters from ideators have found that impulsivity is consistently associated with attempts across the spectrum of suicidal behavior from self-harm to lethal suicidal behavior. Impulsivity is readily assessed using complementary clinical and laboratory measures, making it a viable target for pharmacological strategies to prevent suicide risk. Lithium reduces suicidal behavior across diagnoses, and has been implicated in the reduction of impulsivity triggered by stress mediated phosphatidylinositol turnover. We used a placebo controlled cross-over design to study the effects of repeated lithium dosing on risk factors predisposing to suicidal behavior.
Methods
15 patients with a recent (past year) medically severe suicide attempt (MSSA) (37.5% male, 40.13 ± 13.66 years) received lithium carbonate and matching pill placebo separately in a randomized double-blind crossover design administered six weeks apart. To test the effect of lithium on measures of impulsivity and arousal, participants completed the Immediate Memory Task (IMT), Internal State Scale (ISS), and the Time Perception Task (TPT). We conducted separate analyses for each variable using repeated measures analysis of covariance.
Results
Lithium dosing was associated with increased IMT response latency (p=.017, pη2=0.23), and decision bias (p= .048, pη2 = 0.21). Lithium did not significantly alter time perception or activation.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that lithium may reduce risk in MSSA survivors by increasing the response latency and increasing conservative response bias during decision-making. Future studies should conduct long-term follow-ups with adjunct behavioral therapy with lithium on factors contributing to suicidal behavior.
{"title":"Lithium reduces impulsive decision making in transdiagnostic patients at high risk for suicide attempt recurrence: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study","authors":"Nicholas Murphy , Grace Pham , Andreas Weyland , Julia Engelhardt , George Kypriotakis , Ynhi T. Thomas , Thomas R. Kosten , Nidal Moukaddam , Sanjay J. Mathew , Alan C. Swann","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Studies attempting to distinguish suicide attempters from ideators have found that impulsivity is consistently associated with attempts across the spectrum of suicidal behavior from self-harm to lethal suicidal behavior. Impulsivity is readily assessed using complementary clinical and laboratory measures, making it a viable target for pharmacological strategies to prevent suicide risk. Lithium reduces suicidal behavior across diagnoses, and has been implicated in the reduction of impulsivity triggered by stress mediated phosphatidylinositol turnover. We used a placebo controlled cross-over design to study the effects of repeated lithium dosing on risk factors predisposing to suicidal behavior.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>15 patients with a recent (past year) medically severe suicide attempt (MSSA) (37.5% male, 40.13 ± 13.66 years) received lithium carbonate and matching pill placebo separately in a randomized double-blind crossover design administered six weeks apart. To test the effect of lithium on measures of impulsivity and arousal, participants completed the Immediate Memory Task (IMT), Internal State Scale (ISS), and the Time Perception Task (TPT). We conducted separate analyses for each variable using repeated measures analysis of covariance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Lithium dosing was associated with increased IMT response latency (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> <em>.017, pη<sup>2</sup></em> <em>=</em> <em>0.23),</em> and decision bias (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> .048, pη2 <em>=</em> 0.21). Lithium did not significantly alter time perception or activation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that lithium may reduce risk in MSSA survivors by increasing the response latency and increasing conservative response bias during decision-making. Future studies should conduct long-term follow-ups with adjunct behavioral therapy with lithium on factors contributing to suicidal behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001197/pdfft?md5=8f5da84070c07a9fa8660654f2afc156&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001197-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100815
Annelies Van Royen, Laura Wante, Caroline Braet
Background
The present study aims to distinguish school burnout from depressive symptoms in late adolescents between 17 and 21 years old by exploring their underlying early maladaptive schemas (EMS).
Methods
The cross-sectional sample (T1) consisted of 514 secondary and higher education students between 17 and 21 years old (Mage = 19.06 (1.10), 80.9% female). Five months later (T2), 190 adolescents participated in the follow-up measurement (Mage = 19.45 (1.18), 81.6% female).
Results
Positive correlations were found between all EMS and school burnout symptoms. When controlling for school burnout symptoms at T1, only the EMS `emotional deprivation', `mistrust', `defectiveness', `social isolation', `failure', `enmeshment', and `emotional inhibition' displayed significant positive associations with school burnout at T2. The EMS `mistrust', `defectiveness' and `failure' showed relations to both school burnout and depressive symptoms. Backwards linear regressions showed that the EMS `vulnerability to harm/illness' and `insufficient self-control' were uniquely related to school burnout symptoms when controlling for depressive symptoms, while the EMS `dependence', `emotional deprivation', `self-sacrifice' and `unrelenting standards' were uniquely related to depressive symptoms while controlling for school burnout symptoms.
Limitations
The gender-unbalanced sample, reduced longitudinal sample size, sole use of self-report measures, and high comorbidity between school burnout and depressive symptoms may have hampered the results.
Conclusions
EMS play an important role in the development of school burnout symptoms. The results point towards transdiagnostic cognitive-focused treatment techniques with attention to disorder-specific schemas to tackle school burnout symptoms. More (longitudinal) research is needed to corroborate these initial findings.
{"title":"The role of early maladaptive schemas in late adolescents suffering from school burnout and depressive symptoms","authors":"Annelies Van Royen, Laura Wante, Caroline Braet","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The present study aims to distinguish school burnout from depressive symptoms in late adolescents between 17 and 21 years old by exploring their underlying early maladaptive schemas (EMS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The cross-sectional sample (T1) consisted of 514 secondary and higher education students between 17 and 21 years old (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.06 (1.10), 80.9% female). Five months later (T2), 190 adolescents participated in the follow-up measurement (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.45 (1.18), 81.6% female).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Positive correlations were found between all EMS and school burnout symptoms. When controlling for school burnout symptoms at T1, only the EMS `emotional deprivation', `mistrust', `defectiveness', `social isolation', `failure', `enmeshment', and `emotional inhibition' displayed significant positive associations with school burnout at T2. The EMS `mistrust', `defectiveness' and `failure' showed relations to both school burnout and depressive symptoms. Backwards linear regressions showed that the EMS `vulnerability to harm/illness' and `insufficient self-control' were uniquely related to school burnout symptoms when controlling for depressive symptoms, while the EMS `dependence', `emotional deprivation', `self-sacrifice' and `unrelenting standards' were uniquely related to depressive symptoms while controlling for school burnout symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The gender-unbalanced sample, reduced longitudinal sample size, sole use of self-report measures, and high comorbidity between school burnout and depressive symptoms may have hampered the results.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>EMS play an important role in the development of school burnout symptoms. The results point towards transdiagnostic cognitive-focused treatment techniques with attention to disorder-specific schemas to tackle school burnout symptoms. More (longitudinal) research is needed to corroborate these initial findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266691532400101X/pdfft?md5=a8e0942cb1f6708094b141bac32f1053&pid=1-s2.0-S266691532400101X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100821
Mengjie Cui , Xia Ma , Liyuan Tian , Wenfeng Xu , Hongliang Dai
Background
College is a high-risk period for depressive symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a major predictor of depressive symptoms during college years, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship using a chain mediation model.
Methods
A sample of 1261 eligible students (mean age of 20.20 ± 1.37 years) residing in Liaoning Province, located in the northeastern part of China, were selected through a convenient sampling method for the purpose of carrying out a comprehensive survey. The self-report questionnaires used in the study encompassed a range of parameters, including the general information questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity index-3 (ASI-3), resilience scale-14 (RS-14), depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation model testing, and Bootstrap deviation correction percentile analysis were employed to analyze the survey data using the R 4.3.2 statistical software.
Results
The total AS score and its three lower-order dimensions were positively correlated with stress and depressive symptoms. Resilience was negatively correlated with AS, stress and depressive symptoms. In addition to the direct influence of AS on depressive symptoms, stress and resilience play a partial mediating role in the relationship between AS physical and cognitive concerns and depressive symptoms, the total indirect effects accounted for 91.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively, and fully mediate the relationship between AS social concerns and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
The study's outcomes indicate that practical actions can be taken to decrease AS and stress, thereby enhancing resilience and reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents.
{"title":"The chain mediating role of stress and resilience in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students","authors":"Mengjie Cui , Xia Ma , Liyuan Tian , Wenfeng Xu , Hongliang Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>College is a high-risk period for depressive symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a major predictor of depressive symptoms during college years, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship using a chain mediation model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A sample of 1261 eligible students (mean age of 20.20 ± 1.37 years) residing in Liaoning Province, located in the northeastern part of China, were selected through a convenient sampling method for the purpose of carrying out a comprehensive survey. The self-report questionnaires used in the study encompassed a range of parameters, including the general information questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity index-3 (ASI-3), resilience scale-14 (RS-14), depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation model testing, and Bootstrap deviation correction percentile analysis were employed to analyze the survey data using the R 4.3.2 statistical software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The total AS score and its three lower-order dimensions were positively correlated with stress and depressive symptoms. Resilience was negatively correlated with AS, stress and depressive symptoms. In addition to the direct influence of AS on depressive symptoms, stress and resilience play a partial mediating role in the relationship between AS physical and cognitive concerns and depressive symptoms, the total indirect effects accounted for 91.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively, and fully mediate the relationship between AS social concerns and depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study's outcomes indicate that practical actions can be taken to decrease AS and stress, thereby enhancing resilience and reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001070/pdfft?md5=c912639d954bf56da2bfebf9fe8daadc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100827
Ali Rahimi , Mohammad Faisal Wardak , Nasar Ahmad Shayan
Background
Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, and sleep can impact university students' mental health. This study examined the associations between lifestyle and mental health among students at Herat University in Afghanistan.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 677 students selected through stratified random sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, physical health, dietary habits, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyzed the relationships between lifestyle factors and DASS-42 scores.
Results
Poor perceived health and irregular breakfast consumption were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety. Low vegetable intake also increases the odds of depression and anxiety. Studying non-medical fields and irregular sleep patterns were linked to higher stress levels.
Conclusion
Comprehensive health promotion and targeted interventions addressing dietary habits, sleep, and discipline-specific needs may improve the mental well-being of university students. A multidimensional approach is required to foster a healthy campus environment.
{"title":"Assessing the relationship between lifestyle factors and mental health outcomes among Afghan university students","authors":"Ali Rahimi , Mohammad Faisal Wardak , Nasar Ahmad Shayan","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, and sleep can impact university students' mental health. This study examined the associations between lifestyle and mental health among students at Herat University in Afghanistan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 677 students selected through stratified random sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, physical health, dietary habits, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyzed the relationships between lifestyle factors and DASS-42 scores.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Poor perceived health and irregular breakfast consumption were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety. Low vegetable intake also increases the odds of depression and anxiety. Studying non-medical fields and irregular sleep patterns were linked to higher stress levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Comprehensive health promotion and targeted interventions addressing dietary habits, sleep, and discipline-specific needs may improve the mental well-being of university students. A multidimensional approach is required to foster a healthy campus environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001136/pdfft?md5=0adbdf59b509335480bb61a9cdd7591a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100835
Cesare Turrina , Lorenzo Silva , Daria Bettoni , Ciro Paolillo , Tullio Elia Testa , Antonio Vita
Background
The recent literature on self-poisoning (SP) has mainly focused on the type of substances used for SP and the associated variables. Few data are available on psychiatric diagnoses, repeated SP, multiple substances SP, contacts with psychiatric services before the event and after a long follow-up.
Methods
A consecutive series of 1.807 subjects evaluated in the emergency department of a large urban university hospital was collected from 2014 to 2020. These subjects were matched with the data of Psyche-Web, a case register collecting all psychiatric contacts of the Lombardia Region, Italy.
Results
The most used drugs were benzodiazepines (37.8 %), cocaine (24.0 %), cannabis (15.2 %), antipsychotics (10.5 %), antidepressants (9.2 %). Alcohol was associated in 27.0 % of the cases. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were substance use (28.8 %), personality disorders (24.5 %), and mood disorders (21.7 %). Subjects who repeatedly self-poisoned were younger, more often suffered from a personality disorder and less often from a substance use disorder. In 38.2 % of the sample SP was the first-time presentation to psychiatric evaluation of a mood, personality, or psychotic disorder. At one-year follow-up 63.3 % were not in contact with psychiatric services.
Limitations
This study could not include children and adolescents because Psyche-Web stores data only for the adult population. Psychiatric diagnoses were given by specialists, but in different settings.
Conclusions
A substantial number of subjects with no previous contacts remained out of the reach of psychiatric care after discharge. A subgroup of these patients would probably benefit of a more structured referral.
{"title":"Self-poisoning evaluated in the emergency department of a general hospital in the years 2014–2020 and the provision of psychiatric services before and after the index event","authors":"Cesare Turrina , Lorenzo Silva , Daria Bettoni , Ciro Paolillo , Tullio Elia Testa , Antonio Vita","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The recent literature on self-poisoning (SP) has mainly focused on the type of substances used for SP and the associated variables. Few data are available on psychiatric diagnoses, repeated SP, multiple substances SP, contacts with psychiatric services before the event and after a long follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A consecutive series of 1.807 subjects evaluated in the emergency department of a large urban university hospital was collected from 2014 to 2020. These subjects were matched with the data of Psyche-Web, a case register collecting all psychiatric contacts of the Lombardia Region, Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most used drugs were benzodiazepines (37.8 %), cocaine (24.0 %), cannabis (15.2 %), antipsychotics (10.5 %), antidepressants (9.2 %). Alcohol was associated in 27.0 % of the cases. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were substance use (28.8 %), personality disorders (24.5 %), and mood disorders (21.7 %). Subjects who repeatedly self-poisoned were younger, more often suffered from a personality disorder and less often from a substance use disorder. In 38.2 % of the sample SP was the first-time presentation to psychiatric evaluation of a mood, personality, or psychotic disorder. At one-year follow-up 63.3 % were not in contact with psychiatric services.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This study could not include children and adolescents because Psyche-Web stores data only for the adult population. Psychiatric diagnoses were given by specialists, but in different settings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A substantial number of subjects with no previous contacts remained out of the reach of psychiatric care after discharge. A subgroup of these patients would probably benefit of a more structured referral.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001215/pdfft?md5=17f3b9460c0690923286b336df9c7328&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001215-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100822
T. Forkmann , J. Eimen , L. Plein , I. Höller , L. Böhler , A. Schönfelder , N. Hallensleben , D. Schreiber , L. Paashaus , G. Juckel , T. Teismann , H. Glaesmer , L. Spangenberg
Background
Hopelessness is a transdiagnostically relevant clinical construct, related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Economic, valid, and reliable assessment of hopelessness is thus crucial for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed at validating a nine-item short version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three large German samples of psychiatric inpatients, psychotherapy outpatients, and healthy controls.
Methods
Data from N = 2321 participants (86.3 % female, mean age 31.8 years [SD=10.4]) were used to analyze reliability, factorial validity, concurrent and discriminant validity of the BHS-9.
Results
Results showed good psychometric characteristics of the BHS-9 in inpatients, supporting its unidimensionality, construct validity, and reliability. However, factorial validity was insufficient in outpatients and controls.
Limitations
In the outpatient and control samples, the majority of participants were women. All reported analyses were cross-sectional.
Conclusions
The BHS-9 appears to be suitable for assessing hopelessness in psychiatric inpatients. However, the factorial validity of this short instrument in non-inpatient settings should be subject to future studies before its implementation in these person groups can be recommended.
{"title":"Psychometric examination and factorial validity of a German short form of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three different samples","authors":"T. Forkmann , J. Eimen , L. Plein , I. Höller , L. Böhler , A. Schönfelder , N. Hallensleben , D. Schreiber , L. Paashaus , G. Juckel , T. Teismann , H. Glaesmer , L. Spangenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hopelessness is a transdiagnostically relevant clinical construct, related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Economic, valid, and reliable assessment of hopelessness is thus crucial for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed at validating a nine-item short version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three large German samples of psychiatric inpatients, psychotherapy outpatients, and healthy controls.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from <em>N</em> = 2321 participants (86.3 % female, mean age 31.8 years [SD=10.4]) were used to analyze reliability, factorial validity, concurrent and discriminant validity of the BHS-9.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed good psychometric characteristics of the BHS-9 in inpatients, supporting its unidimensionality, construct validity, and reliability. However, factorial validity was insufficient in outpatients and controls.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>In the outpatient and control samples, the majority of participants were women. All reported analyses were cross-sectional.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The BHS-9 appears to be suitable for assessing hopelessness in psychiatric inpatients. However, the factorial validity of this short instrument in non-inpatient settings should be subject to future studies before its implementation in these person groups can be recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666915324001082/pdfft?md5=ec3e5099887d6a0cd634185d23827135&pid=1-s2.0-S2666915324001082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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