Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.26697/ijsa.2018.1-2.05
I. Prykhodko
Background and Aim of Study: Combat actions that have taken place over the past f our years in eastern Ukraine have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of the combatants. Under these conditions, the psyche of military personnel operates on the brink of its own resources, and prolonged participation in hostilities can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, timely measures of prevention and control of combat stress, psychological rehabilitation of military personnel after engagement in combat will significantly reduce psychogenic injuries, prevent the emergence of mental disorders from combatants. The aim of the study: to develop, scientific ally substantiate and to test a program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants. Material and Methods: To determine the effectiveness of the program of psychological rehabilitation at the beginning and at the end was used by authorial diagnostic of mental disorders methodology “Psychological Safety of Personality”, as well as “The Questionnaire Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychological Training” after completing the psychological training . In total, 70 military men of the National Guard of Ukraine from all regions of Ukraine participated in the program of Psychological rehabilitation, and the practical implementation and testing of the program took place in 2017. Results: The program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants based on psychological training for restoring the psychological safety of a military man’s personality has been developed and scientifically substantiated. The practical implementation of the program of the psychological rehabilitation of the combatants proved its effectiveness: the results of the dynamics of the components of psychological safety of a person increased on average by 16%. Conclusions: Proposed program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants helped to improve the mental condition of military personnel, to restore psychological resources of a person and to prevent the development of mental disorders.
{"title":"Program of psychological rehabilitation of the National Guard of Ukraine military personnel participated in combat actions","authors":"I. Prykhodko","doi":"10.26697/ijsa.2018.1-2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2018.1-2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim of Study: Combat actions that have taken place over the past f our years in eastern Ukraine have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of the combatants. Under these conditions, the psyche of military personnel operates on the brink of its own resources, and prolonged participation in hostilities can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, timely measures of prevention and control of combat stress, psychological rehabilitation of military personnel after engagement in combat will significantly reduce psychogenic injuries, prevent the emergence of mental disorders from combatants. The aim of the study: to develop, scientific ally substantiate and to test a program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants. Material and Methods: To determine the effectiveness of the program of psychological rehabilitation at the beginning and at the end was used by authorial diagnostic of mental disorders methodology “Psychological Safety of Personality”, as well as “The Questionnaire Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychological Training” after completing the psychological training . In total, 70 military men of the National Guard of Ukraine from all regions of Ukraine participated in the program of Psychological rehabilitation, and the practical implementation and testing of the program took place in 2017. Results: The program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants based on psychological training for restoring the psychological safety of a military man’s personality has been developed and scientifically substantiated. The practical implementation of the program of the psychological rehabilitation of the combatants proved its effectiveness: the results of the dynamics of the components of psychological safety of a person increased on average by 16%. Conclusions: Proposed program of psychological rehabilitation of combatants helped to improve the mental condition of military personnel, to restore psychological resources of a person and to prevent the development of mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44949000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. L. Awotedu, Paul Oluwatimilehin Ogunbamowo, I. B. Emmanuel, I. Lawal
Medicinal plants have great importance in African medicine and are also used as precursors in drug discovery. The medicinal value of plants lie in their bioactive constituents which usually allow them to fight against several diseases. Plant-based natural constituents can be derived from any part of the plant like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds. The mineral and phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Parkia biglobosa and Leea guineensis were investigated. The leaves were collected from the Herbal Garden, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho hills, Ibadan, Nigeria and identified at Forest Herbarium Ibadan. Oyo State. The leaves were air dried and milled to powder using a medium-sized milling machine and stored in an air-tight container until needed for analysis. Phytochemical screening/analysis and mineral analysis were determined using standard analytical methods. Phytochemicals like Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Anthraquinone, Cardiac glycoside were determined. while Minerals, such as Potassium, Sodium determined using flame photometer; Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results indicates that the bioactive contents of the leaves varied significantly (p<0.05) among the medicinal plants. The phytochemical analysis showed that the three medicinal plants contained alkaloid, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone in varying quantities with the trend: A indica > P. biglobosa > L. guineensis; the macro elements showed similar trend as the phytochemicals while the micro elements followed the trend: P. biglobosa > L. guineensis > A indica. These results conceivably indicate that the three medicinal plant are good source of essential minerals and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities and provide scientific credence for its therapeutic usage.
{"title":"Phytominerals and Phytochemical Studies of Azadiracthta indica, Leea guineensis and Parkia biglobosa Leaves","authors":"O. L. Awotedu, Paul Oluwatimilehin Ogunbamowo, I. B. Emmanuel, I. Lawal","doi":"10.21467/IAS.6.1.28-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.6.1.28-34","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have great importance in African medicine and are also used as precursors in drug discovery. The medicinal value of plants lie in their bioactive constituents which usually allow them to fight against several diseases. Plant-based natural constituents can be derived from any part of the plant like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds. The mineral and phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Parkia biglobosa and Leea guineensis were investigated. The leaves were collected from the Herbal Garden, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho hills, Ibadan, Nigeria and identified at Forest Herbarium Ibadan. Oyo State. The leaves were air dried and milled to powder using a medium-sized milling machine and stored in an air-tight container until needed for analysis. Phytochemical screening/analysis and mineral analysis were determined using standard analytical methods. Phytochemicals like Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Anthraquinone, Cardiac glycoside were determined. while Minerals, such as Potassium, Sodium determined using flame photometer; Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results indicates that the bioactive contents of the leaves varied significantly (p<0.05) among the medicinal plants. The phytochemical analysis showed that the three medicinal plants contained alkaloid, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone in varying quantities with the trend: A indica > P. biglobosa > L. guineensis; the macro elements showed similar trend as the phytochemicals while the micro elements followed the trend: P. biglobosa > L. guineensis > A indica. These results conceivably indicate that the three medicinal plant are good source of essential minerals and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities and provide scientific credence for its therapeutic usage.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87198165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short review provides an overview regarding the research findings on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the Philippines. It seeks to set conjecture about its possible role on the increasing waterborne disease incidences in the country. Intensive search of journal articles was done among major databases, online. The first report of Cryptosporidium infection in the country was in 1985. Past more than 30 years, Cryptosporidium is not yet well-understood in the Philippines, but an increasing research interest has been observed among Filipinos in the past few years. Recently, waterborne transmission of the infection appeared in the studies to be more potent than zoonotic and person-to-person transmissions. An improvement on the detection methods was also observed, giving an improved knowledge on the molecular diversity of Cryptosporidium in the country. Despite these improvements, the paucity of the data regarding the impact of Cryptosporidium to the public health in the Philippines is still apparent. One Health approach is recommended to fully understand the interconnections between human, animal, and environment as reservoirs of the infective stage of the parasite. Dedication of the researchers in understanding their geographical distribution, molecular diversity, and environmental and climatic behaviour will eventually uncover the public health implications of Cryptosporidium in the country.
{"title":"Cryptosporidium in the Philippines","authors":"Ryan V Labana","doi":"10.21467/IAS.6.1.18-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.6.1.18-27","url":null,"abstract":"This short review provides an overview regarding the research findings on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the Philippines. It seeks to set conjecture about its possible role on the increasing waterborne disease incidences in the country. Intensive search of journal articles was done among major databases, online. The first report of Cryptosporidium infection in the country was in 1985. Past more than 30 years, Cryptosporidium is not yet well-understood in the Philippines, but an increasing research interest has been observed among Filipinos in the past few years. Recently, waterborne transmission of the infection appeared in the studies to be more potent than zoonotic and person-to-person transmissions. An improvement on the detection methods was also observed, giving an improved knowledge on the molecular diversity of Cryptosporidium in the country. Despite these improvements, the paucity of the data regarding the impact of Cryptosporidium to the public health in the Philippines is still apparent. One Health approach is recommended to fully understand the interconnections between human, animal, and environment as reservoirs of the infective stage of the parasite. Dedication of the researchers in understanding their geographical distribution, molecular diversity, and environmental and climatic behaviour will eventually uncover the public health implications of Cryptosporidium in the country.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72745334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most plant products undergo one or more different thermal processes before consumption despite the claims that cooking fruits and vegetables could have detrimental effects on the beneficial properties of the plants. This work investigated the changes in antioxidant status occurring in dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica subjected to cooking at different temperatures. The analyses were performed on both raw and boiled samples to assess the total phenolic contents (TPCs) and the antioxidant potential through reduction of ferric chloride salt and bleaching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons by Tukey-Kramer test at p < 0.05. There was a significant heat-trend difference between the phenolic contents of the samples at the selected temperatures with the highest TPC recorded at 70°C. Similarly, the ferric reducing potentials of the cooked samples were significantly different (p <0.05) from the raw. However, uncooked samples had significantly (p <0.05) higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to cooked samples. The overall effect of cooking the dried fruit of X. aethiopica was due to an elevation in total phenolics concentrations and reducing potentials of the aqueous infusions. However, boiling decreases the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the samples. Therefore, this study suggests an optimum cooking temperature of 70°C which could result in the highest retention of phenolic contents and ferric reducing potentials in the fruit of X. aethiopica and lowest appropriate temperature to conserve its intrinsic radical-scavenging activity in order to assure a higher quality food for the maintenance of human health. Moreover, losses in the phenolic contents and antioxidant potential should be considered when the procedural temperature during processing is unalterable.
{"title":"Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Variations in Raw and Cooked Dried Fruit of Xylopia aethiopica","authors":"B. Oso, A. Oladiji","doi":"10.21467/IAS.6.1.13-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.6.1.13-17","url":null,"abstract":"Most plant products undergo one or more different thermal processes before consumption despite the claims that cooking fruits and vegetables could have detrimental effects on the beneficial properties of the plants. This work investigated the changes in antioxidant status occurring in dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica subjected to cooking at different temperatures. The analyses were performed on both raw and boiled samples to assess the total phenolic contents (TPCs) and the antioxidant potential through reduction of ferric chloride salt and bleaching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons by Tukey-Kramer test at p < 0.05. There was a significant heat-trend difference between the phenolic contents of the samples at the selected temperatures with the highest TPC recorded at 70°C. Similarly, the ferric reducing potentials of the cooked samples were significantly different (p <0.05) from the raw. However, uncooked samples had significantly (p <0.05) higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to cooked samples. The overall effect of cooking the dried fruit of X. aethiopica was due to an elevation in total phenolics concentrations and reducing potentials of the aqueous infusions. However, boiling decreases the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the samples. Therefore, this study suggests an optimum cooking temperature of 70°C which could result in the highest retention of phenolic contents and ferric reducing potentials in the fruit of X. aethiopica and lowest appropriate temperature to conserve its intrinsic radical-scavenging activity in order to assure a higher quality food for the maintenance of human health. Moreover, losses in the phenolic contents and antioxidant potential should be considered when the procedural temperature during processing is unalterable.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82470102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshay Mendhakar, N. Sreedevi, K. Arunraj, Jayashree C. Shanbal
Acoustical investigation of infant cries has been a clinical and research focus in the recent years. Findings of several studies reveal the importance of cry as a useful window for early detection of several diseases and communication difficulties such as hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy etc. This motivates us to use a minimal interface system that can automatically classify infant cries into normal and pathological with the help of state-of-the-art machine learning strategies. In this paper, we propose a software program for screening infants based on their cries. The proposed system is able to detect & classify infant cries into normal and pathological based on the acoustic input. To build and train the system, infant cries of normal and Low Birth Weight (LBW) newborn within 7 days of birth were considered. A pain induced cry elicited using the routine intramuscular immunization was recorded using a standard Olympus LS-100 recorder which was held about 10 centimetres away from the infant’s mouth. The acoustic correlates of these cries were used to build the software tool. Artificial Neural Network was employed to improve its functionality. Therefore, we propose a screening tool for further accessibility and large-scale implementation.
{"title":"Infant Screening System Based on Cry Analysis","authors":"Akshay Mendhakar, N. Sreedevi, K. Arunraj, Jayashree C. Shanbal","doi":"10.21467/ias.6.1.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.6.1.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustical investigation of infant cries has been a clinical and research focus in the recent years. Findings of several studies reveal the importance of cry as a useful window for early detection of several diseases and communication difficulties such as hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy etc. This motivates us to use a minimal interface system that can automatically classify infant cries into normal and pathological with the help of state-of-the-art machine learning strategies. In this paper, we propose a software program for screening infants based on their cries. The proposed system is able to detect & classify infant cries into normal and pathological based on the acoustic input. To build and train the system, infant cries of normal and Low Birth Weight (LBW) newborn within 7 days of birth were considered. A pain induced cry elicited using the routine intramuscular immunization was recorded using a standard Olympus LS-100 recorder which was held about 10 centimetres away from the infant’s mouth. The acoustic correlates of these cries were used to build the software tool. Artificial Neural Network was employed to improve its functionality. Therefore, we propose a screening tool for further accessibility and large-scale implementation.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87046216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study sought to evaluate the potential antioxidative potencies of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides, commonly used herbs in Nigeria for wound first aid and healing. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated by measuring their abilities to scavenge radicals, reduce oxidised iron and quench the formation of lipid peroxides. The findings showed that the extract of Ageratum conyzoides exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant potential than the extract of Chromolaena odorata. The study, therefore, suggests that Ageratum conyzoides has higher potential for therapeutic value than Chromolaena odorata in terms of antioxidant potential.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the in vitro Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides used in Wound Healing","authors":"B. Oso, N. O. Abey, O. Oyeleke, B. Olowookere","doi":"10.21467/IAS.6.1.8-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.6.1.8-12","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to evaluate the potential antioxidative potencies of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides, commonly used herbs in Nigeria for wound first aid and healing. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated by measuring their abilities to scavenge radicals, reduce oxidised iron and quench the formation of lipid peroxides. The findings showed that the extract of Ageratum conyzoides exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant potential than the extract of Chromolaena odorata. The study, therefore, suggests that Ageratum conyzoides has higher potential for therapeutic value than Chromolaena odorata in terms of antioxidant potential.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76690149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the nature of monthly sunspot numbers and solar flux F10.7 by employing the linear and multiple regression techniques. We observed a brilliant correlation between monthly mean sunspot number and F10.7. We observed that even in deep solar minimum there exist some magnetic activities. We obtained the coefficient of determination R2 to be 0.9533. We estimated the correlation coefficient for solar flux F10.7 and sunspot number to be 0.97. We extrapolated the F10.7 back to the year 1700 and observed a good correspondence between the modelled F10.7 and sunspot nature. We also found a very good correspondence between the modelled and observed solar flux F10.7.
{"title":"The Solar Flux and Sunspot Number; A Long-Trend Analysis","authors":"B. Tiwari, Mukul Kumar","doi":"10.21467/IAS.5.1.47-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.5.1.47-51","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the nature of monthly sunspot numbers and solar flux F10.7 by employing the linear and multiple regression techniques. We observed a brilliant correlation between monthly mean sunspot number and F10.7. We observed that even in deep solar minimum there exist some magnetic activities. We obtained the coefficient of determination R2 to be 0.9533. We estimated the correlation coefficient for solar flux F10.7 and sunspot number to be 0.97. We extrapolated the F10.7 back to the year 1700 and observed a good correspondence between the modelled F10.7 and sunspot nature. We also found a very good correspondence between the modelled and observed solar flux F10.7.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91274664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reality of climate change as an aspect of broader global and environmental change attributable to either natural or anthropogenic cause is becoming more evident. Equally, energy, chiefly oil and gas is not only a major climate change inducer via greenhouse gas emissions anymore, but also a victim of the impacts therein. As such, this paper examines the impact of recorded changes in climatic variables on oil and gas operations categorized into upstream, midstream and downstream operations representing exploration and production, transportation, along with processing and distribution respectively. Identified changes in weather events primarily driven by general climate change having significant impact on oil and gas operations and infrastructure include increasing temperature, increasing flooding, storm surges, sea level rise, coastal erosion, intense winds and waves, drought/water shortage and subsidence/landslides/mudslides and they all pose tremendous risk to onshore and offshore (shallow and deep water) operations and installations. Several adaptation measures are currently being implemented some of which are already yielding positive results. Adaptation measures are being complemented with mitigation strategies as long-term solutions. Sadly, most developing oil producing countries are still way behind in adopting various existing adaptation measures and implementing mitigative strategies due to prevalent low capacity.
{"title":"Contemporary Issues of Climate Change on Oil and Gas Industry Operations","authors":"O. Oyerinde","doi":"10.21467/IAS.5.1.33-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21467/IAS.5.1.33-46","url":null,"abstract":"The reality of climate change as an aspect of broader global and environmental change attributable to either natural or anthropogenic cause is becoming more evident. Equally, energy, chiefly oil and gas is not only a major climate change inducer via greenhouse gas emissions anymore, but also a victim of the impacts therein. As such, this paper examines the impact of recorded changes in climatic variables on oil and gas operations categorized into upstream, midstream and downstream operations representing exploration and production, transportation, along with processing and distribution respectively. Identified changes in weather events primarily driven by general climate change having significant impact on oil and gas operations and infrastructure include increasing temperature, increasing flooding, storm surges, sea level rise, coastal erosion, intense winds and waves, drought/water shortage and subsidence/landslides/mudslides and they all pose tremendous risk to onshore and offshore (shallow and deep water) operations and installations. Several adaptation measures are currently being implemented some of which are already yielding positive results. Adaptation measures are being complemented with mitigation strategies as long-term solutions. Sadly, most developing oil producing countries are still way behind in adopting various existing adaptation measures and implementing mitigative strategies due to prevalent low capacity.","PeriodicalId":52800,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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