There are almost daily discussions on modern or contemporary architecture, both of renowned or unknown authors, which are not preserved but restored, adapted, refurbished, and updated, when not demolished and replaced. It is not a concern of private assets but also public buildings which can be sold when younger than seventy years old. The case studies dealt with by newspapers, professionals, and scholars suggest the opportunity to reflect on both Italian and foreign legislation on the protection of modern and contemporary architecture. Some points of the UNESCO Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage will be focused to question the complementary role of international organizations as a guarantee for a preservation model, perhaps still based on historical-critical but supranational criteria. While many countries must still overcome the frame of age and authorship, the supranational body can act as an interpreter to balance the cultural and ideological omissions linked to different contexts.
{"title":"Oltre le barriere del tempo e dell’autorialità? Osservazioni sul concetto di patrimonio UNESCO","authors":"","doi":"10.36253/rar-14276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14276","url":null,"abstract":"There are almost daily discussions on modern or contemporary architecture, both of renowned or unknown authors, which are not preserved but restored, adapted, refurbished, and updated, when not demolished and replaced. It is not a concern of private assets but also public buildings which can be sold when younger than seventy years old. The case studies dealt with by newspapers, professionals, and scholars suggest the opportunity to reflect on both Italian and foreign legislation on the protection of modern and contemporary architecture. Some points of the UNESCO Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage will be focused to question the complementary role of international organizations as a guarantee for a preservation model, perhaps still based on historical-critical but supranational criteria. While many countries must still overcome the frame of age and authorship, the supranational body can act as an interpreter to balance the cultural and ideological omissions linked to different contexts.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48453726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 1972 Convention Text mentioned the need to pursue collective assistance for the safeguard of cultural and natural heritage considered of Outstanding Universal Value. As of 2021, 52 properties are inscribed as World Heritage in Dan- ger. The most recent such nomination in Europe is the cultural site of Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania), listed as World Heritage in July 2021. The paper will pose a reflection over the simultaneous status of Roșia Montană as World Heritage mining cultural landscape and as a productive system still in use, tackling the social and environmental issues that derive from the analyzed context. Furthermore, it will be investigated the conceptual transformation of the cultural landscape in relation to the mining legacies and their methodological approach within the patrimonial acknowledgement, stressing the role that the UNESCO label can play while negotiating at local and regional level such aspects of the multi-scale territorial legacies.
{"title":"The Shift in Paradigm of the (Post)Mining Landscapes, Between Risks and Recognitions","authors":"O. C. Ţiganea, Francesca Vigotti","doi":"10.36253/rar-14283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14283","url":null,"abstract":"The 1972 Convention Text mentioned the need to pursue collective assistance for the safeguard of cultural and natural heritage considered of Outstanding Universal Value. As of 2021, 52 properties are inscribed as World Heritage in Dan- ger. The most recent such nomination in Europe is the cultural site of Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania), listed as World Heritage in July 2021. The paper will pose a reflection over the simultaneous status of Roșia Montană as World Heritage mining cultural landscape and as a productive system still in use, tackling the social and environmental issues that derive from the analyzed context. Furthermore, it will be investigated the conceptual transformation of the cultural landscape in relation to the mining legacies and their methodological approach within the patrimonial acknowledgement, stressing the role that the UNESCO label can play while negotiating at local and regional level such aspects of the multi-scale territorial legacies.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48521096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both the 1972 UNESCO Convention and the contemporary Italian Restoration Charter make indirect reference to 20th century architectural heritage, given the slow maturation of issues related to the Protection of the "Modern" and the "Contemporary" that only led to international conferences, the creation of important Associations, publications shared worldwide in the last two decades of the last century. A specific reflection on the characteristics, consistency, and state of conservation of the many twentieth-century buildings that are a constituent part of UNESCO Centers must start from the ways of systematic knowledge of these artefacts and urban spaces. The same principles that guide the modes of restoration of classical buildings in fact require their critical extension, aware of the interrelation between materials and design themes of the twentieth century with today's restoration choices and techniques. Florence's 20th-century heritage is extensive, rich in episodes, and significant in the alternation of references, styles, and materials that marked the history of 20th-century architecture and that make this city the repository of a peculiar modernity “in danger” that needs careful, systematic, up-to-date protection.
{"title":"Firenze Novecento fra conoscenza, tutela e pianificazione","authors":"Maurizio De Vita","doi":"10.36253/rar-14317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14317","url":null,"abstract":"Both the 1972 UNESCO Convention and the contemporary Italian Restoration Charter make indirect reference to 20th century architectural heritage, given the slow maturation of issues related to the Protection of the \"Modern\" and the \"Contemporary\" that only led to international conferences, the creation of important Associations, publications shared worldwide in the last two decades of the last century. A specific reflection on the characteristics, consistency, and state of conservation of the many twentieth-century buildings that are a constituent part of UNESCO Centers must start from the ways of systematic knowledge of these artefacts and urban spaces. The same principles that guide the modes of restoration of classical buildings in fact require their critical extension, aware of the interrelation between materials and design themes of the twentieth century with today's restoration choices and techniques. Florence's 20th-century heritage is extensive, rich in episodes, and significant in the alternation of references, styles, and materials that marked the history of 20th-century architecture and that make this city the repository of a peculiar modernity “in danger” that needs careful, systematic, up-to-date protection.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses how to widen the boundaries of an existing World Heritage Site to include the heritage of the 20th century. The work by Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino is a perfect case study since modern architecture enriches the set of values where the statement of OUV was based. Urbino undertook a process of urban rebirth in the second half of the 20th century, according to De Carlo's master plan, which promoted a harmonic continuity between modern architecture and the preservation of the historic city. As a result, the Historic Centre of Urbino was enlisted in 1988 as an outstanding example of Renaissance capital. Although the statement of OUV did not mention De Carlo's work, the site's management plan (2012-14) suggests widening the buffer zone to include modern buildings. The authors wonder how to promote such updating of the WHS towards the recent past, something that seems not to have precedent examples in the WHL.
本文讨论了如何扩大现有世界遗产的边界，使其包括20世纪的遗产。Giancarlo De Carlo在乌尔比诺的作品是一个完美的案例研究，因为现代建筑丰富了OUV声明所依据的价值观。根据De Carlo的总体规划，乌尔比诺在20世纪下半叶进行了城市重生的过程，该规划促进了现代建筑与历史城市保护之间的和谐连续性。因此，乌尔比诺历史中心于1988年被列为文艺复兴时期首都的杰出典范。虽然OUV的声明中没有提到De Carlo的作品，但场地的管理计划(2012-14)建议扩大缓冲区，包括现代建筑。作者想知道如何推动WHS更新到最近的过去，这在WHL似乎没有先例。
{"title":"Ampliare un World Heritage Site verso il passato recente. L’opera di Giancarlo De Carlo a Urbino","authors":"M. P. Borgarino, Davide del Curto","doi":"10.36253/rar-14267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses how to widen the boundaries of an existing World Heritage Site to include the heritage of the 20th century. The work by Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino is a perfect case study since modern architecture enriches the set of values where the statement of OUV was based. Urbino undertook a process of urban rebirth in the second half of the 20th century, according to De Carlo's master plan, which promoted a harmonic continuity between modern architecture and the preservation of the historic city. As a result, the Historic Centre of Urbino was enlisted in 1988 as an outstanding example of Renaissance capital. Although the statement of OUV did not mention De Carlo's work, the site's management plan (2012-14) suggests widening the buffer zone to include modern buildings. The authors wonder how to promote such updating of the WHS towards the recent past, something that seems not to have precedent examples in the WHL.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41985692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The museum complex of Pitti Palace is one of the strategic projects of UNESCO Management Plan, called The prince's path, together with Uffizi Gallery, Vasari Corridor and Boboli Gardens, constituting the site that, perhaps not surprisingly, in 2014 the Ministry equipped with managerial, administrative-economic autonomy. If the post-war history of the Palace has been characterized by inadequate investments of resources and tools, also for the purposes of knowledge of the architectural heritage (the first studies of that period, remain the main bibliographic references to this day) and of the relative maintenance, the so-called 'Franceschini Reform' has inaugurated a new season for the Site, in which the administration has the opportunity to deepen and experiment strategies and actions aimed at the practice of programmed conservation. As regards the monumental complex of Pitti Palace, the contribution presents interventions, analyzes and programs which have been conceived and conducted with a methodological approach that places analysis and monitoring of the state of conservation of the heritage.
{"title":"L’Imperiale Palazzo de’ Pitti conservazione e valorizzazione","authors":"E. Pozzi","doi":"10.36253/rar-14337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14337","url":null,"abstract":"The museum complex of Pitti Palace is one of the strategic projects of UNESCO Management Plan, called The prince's path, together with Uffizi Gallery, Vasari Corridor and Boboli Gardens, constituting the site that, perhaps not surprisingly, in 2014 the Ministry equipped with managerial, administrative-economic autonomy. If the post-war history of the Palace has been characterized by inadequate investments of resources and tools, also for the purposes of knowledge of the architectural heritage (the first studies of that period, remain the main bibliographic references to this day) and of the relative maintenance, the so-called 'Franceschini Reform' has inaugurated a new season for the Site, in which the administration has the opportunity to deepen and experiment strategies and actions aimed at the practice of programmed conservation. As regards the monumental complex of Pitti Palace, the contribution presents interventions, analyzes and programs which have been conceived and conducted with a methodological approach that places analysis and monitoring of the state of conservation of the heritage.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conservation risks associated with climate change to which heritage is subjected represent one of the most significant issues arising from the adoption of the 1972 World Heritage Convention. The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage Listed sites and the conditions of integrity and authenticity, which were essential requirements at the time of their nomination and inscription, may be compromised or no longer be met over time as a result of the effects of climate action on heritage assets. While the value of sustainability has assumed a predominant role in the multiple social, cultural, economic and environmental contexts and is in affinity with many of the theoretical premises within the discipline of restoration, this study aims to reflect on some of the systemic principles and parameters through which a restoration product can be defined as sustainable, considering the material authenticity and uniqueness of World Heritage architectural artefacts, and the spatial-temporal implications related to the conservation of cultural heritage.
{"title":"Il valore della sostenibilità per la conservazione del patrimonio. Riflessioni verso una definizione dei prodotti sostenibili del restauro","authors":"P. Bordoni","doi":"10.36253/rar-14296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14296","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation risks associated with climate change to which heritage is subjected represent one of the most significant issues arising from the adoption of the 1972 World Heritage Convention. The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage Listed sites and the conditions of integrity and authenticity, which were essential requirements at the time of their nomination and inscription, may be compromised or no longer be met over time as a result of the effects of climate action on heritage assets. While the value of sustainability has assumed a predominant role in the multiple social, cultural, economic and environmental contexts and is in affinity with many of the theoretical premises within the discipline of restoration, this study aims to reflect on some of the systemic principles and parameters through which a restoration product can be defined as sustainable, considering the material authenticity and uniqueness of World Heritage architectural artefacts, and the spatial-temporal implications related to the conservation of cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virna Maria Nannei, Vittorio Paris, G. Ruscica, Giulio Mirabella Roberti
The implementation of architectural heritages' information systems to collect a huge amount of data using BIM and GIS constitutes a relatively recent field of research. However, the potentiality of such an approach is clear: the systemic application of these tools to the sites belonging to the UNESCO World Heritage would allow the building of easily accessible databases to support the heritage sites' management and preservation. As part of the collaboration between the Municipality and the University of Bergamo, an information system has been designed to support the Preservation Program of the Venetian Fortress of Bergamo. The geometrical simplicity of its elements makes the complex a suitable case study for the development of a data digitization procedure, allowing an efficient management of ordinary maintenance and, where needed, a detailed representation of the state of conserva- tion, structural instabilities, and stratigraphic relationships, which can also be proposed in other contexts.
{"title":"Strumenti BIM e GIS per la gestione della manutenzione e salvaguardia della Fortezza veneziana di Bergamo","authors":"Virna Maria Nannei, Vittorio Paris, G. Ruscica, Giulio Mirabella Roberti","doi":"10.36253/rar-14331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14331","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of architectural heritages' information systems to collect a huge amount of data using BIM and GIS constitutes a relatively recent field of research. However, the potentiality of such an approach is clear: the systemic application of these tools to the sites belonging to the UNESCO World Heritage would allow the building of easily accessible databases to support the heritage sites' management and preservation. As part of the collaboration between the Municipality and the University of Bergamo, an information system has been designed to support the Preservation Program of the Venetian Fortress of Bergamo. The geometrical simplicity of its elements makes the complex a suitable case study for the development of a data digitization procedure, allowing an efficient management of ordinary maintenance and, where needed, a detailed representation of the state of conserva- tion, structural instabilities, and stratigraphic relationships, which can also be proposed in other contexts.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montecatini Terme, emblematic city for the close combination between thermal baths and urban structure, has been recently enrolled in the list of the Unesco Heritage. It becames particularly urgent to deepen the knowledge, in an appropriate way, of the building ensemble that can be considered the key features in the enrollement, for the purposes of their protection and safeguard. Among these, the Tettuccio bath assumes a particular relevance with regard to the complex architectural articulation, the richness of the decorative characteristics and the variety of the materials used. For this purpose, a laser scanner survey combined with photogrammetry was carried out, thus obtaining a high level of instrumental data, integrated by accurate in-place information. This approach highlighted the materials, traditional and modern, and the decay of the building, founded by the grand duke Pietro Leopoldo and almost completely refashioned about a century ago.
{"title":"Il complesso termale Tettuccio a Montecatini Terme. Un patrimonio da svelare","authors":"Pietro Matracchi, Alessio Prandin","doi":"10.36253/rar-14328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14328","url":null,"abstract":"Montecatini Terme, emblematic city for the close combination between thermal baths and urban structure, has been recently enrolled in the list of the Unesco Heritage. It becames particularly urgent to deepen the knowledge, in an appropriate way, of the building ensemble that can be considered the key features in the enrollement, for the purposes of their protection and safeguard. Among these, the Tettuccio bath assumes a particular relevance with regard to the complex architectural articulation, the richness of the decorative characteristics and the variety of the materials used. For this purpose, a laser scanner survey combined with photogrammetry was carried out, thus obtaining a high level of instrumental data, integrated by accurate in-place information. This approach highlighted the materials, traditional and modern, and the decay of the building, founded by the grand duke Pietro Leopoldo and almost completely refashioned about a century ago. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most World Heritage Sites in the Maghreb region are threatened by numerous natural and anthropic hazards, the latter usually due to complex economic, social and cultural dynamics. Because of changes in ways of life and housing models, traditional building cultures are often not recognised by inhabitants as heritage and are becoming unable to resist the spread of modern standardised technologies. These changes put at risk the conservation status and consequently the Outstanding Universal Value of the sites. The World Heritage Site of the M'Zab Valley in Algerian desert is a rare example of the preservation of both tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage and their transmission to new generations through the construction of the new settlement of Tafilalt, built interpreting the traditional techniques. The contribution analyses the case of the M'Zab Valley in order to show the role of community involvement in safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of this World Heritage Site.
{"title":"Learning from the past: old and new ksour in the M’Zab Valley (Algeria)","authors":"C. Azil, M. Vicario","doi":"10.36253/rar-14286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14286","url":null,"abstract":"Most World Heritage Sites in the Maghreb region are threatened by numerous natural and anthropic hazards, the latter usually due to complex economic, social and cultural dynamics. Because of changes in ways of life and housing models, traditional building cultures are often not recognised by inhabitants as heritage and are becoming unable to resist the spread of modern standardised technologies. These changes put at risk the conservation status and consequently the Outstanding Universal Value of the sites. The World Heritage Site of the M'Zab Valley in Algerian desert is a rare example of the preservation of both tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage and their transmission to new generations through the construction of the new settlement of Tafilalt, built interpreting the traditional techniques. The contribution analyses the case of the M'Zab Valley in order to show the role of community involvement in safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of this World Heritage Site.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand Armenia's cultural resilience, whose architectural tradition has been defined under the many exogenous dominations that followed one another, we begin here with an investigation of two of the most famous pieces of Armenian architecture built during the Soviet period, which were able to integrate modernist instances with traditional realities. Gevorg Kochar and Michael Mazmanyan, unintentional actors in the tensions between central power and local identity, were able to reinterpret the traditional architectural world by bringing it closer to the Soviet lines imposed by the regime. A composite heritage to be safeguarded, in order to avoid losing traits of the memory of the 1900s, suitable for composing a scenario of different seasons that today is more necessary than ever.
{"title":"E l’acqua si fa luce: la rigenerazione di un patrimonio cambiato di segno","authors":"Chiara Simoncini","doi":"10.36253/rar-14346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14346","url":null,"abstract":"To understand Armenia's cultural resilience, whose architectural tradition has been defined under the many exogenous dominations that followed one another, we begin here with an investigation of two of the most famous pieces of Armenian architecture built during the Soviet period, which were able to integrate modernist instances with traditional realities. Gevorg Kochar and Michael Mazmanyan, unintentional actors in the tensions between central power and local identity, were able to reinterpret the traditional architectural world by bringing it closer to the Soviet lines imposed by the regime. A composite heritage to be safeguarded, in order to avoid losing traits of the memory of the 1900s, suitable for composing a scenario of different seasons that today is more necessary than ever.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：