The climate between the two world wars was a critical moment for the emergence of a debate on issues regarding the conservation of world heritage. In particular, all the innovative ideas that began to take shape in the early 20th century were amplified until they took on an international dimension. A fundamental role in this sense was played by the League of Nations and the whole series of organisations, such as the Institut International de Coopération Intellectuelle or the Office International des Musées, which at least partly formed the basis for the establishment of Unesco. The role played by the Office International des Musées, later inherited by Unesco, was decisive in triggering an intense exchange between scholars and technicians belonging to the various member states in the field of museology and cultural heritage conservation. As a result, in these decades initiatives on the restoration and conservation of monuments flourished, and among them above all La Conférence sur la conservation des monuments held in Athens in 1931. The political and cultural climate linked to this conference now represents a defining moment in understanding the start of an international debate on issues regarding the emergence of the concept of world heritage and its protection.
{"title":"Patrimoine collectif des Nations/Patrimoine commun de l’Humanité. At the origins of the debate on the conservation of World Heritage","authors":"Susanna Caccia Gherardini","doi":"10.36253/rar-14268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14268","url":null,"abstract":"The climate between the two world wars was a critical moment for the emergence of a debate on issues regarding the conservation of world heritage. In particular, all the innovative ideas that began to take shape in the early 20th century were amplified until they took on an international dimension. A fundamental role in this sense was played by the League of Nations and the whole series of organisations, such as the Institut International de Coopération Intellectuelle or the Office International des Musées, which at least partly formed the basis for the establishment of Unesco. The role played by the Office International des Musées, later inherited by Unesco, was decisive in triggering an intense exchange between scholars and technicians belonging to the various member states in the field of museology and cultural heritage conservation. As a result, in these decades initiatives on the restoration and conservation of monuments flourished, and among them above all La Conférence sur la conservation des monuments held in Athens in 1931. The political and cultural climate linked to this conference now represents a defining moment in understanding the start of an international debate on issues regarding the emergence of the concept of world heritage and its protection.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70130695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Ciuffreda, M. Coli, M. Tanganelli, G. Verdiani
This work reports the results of a multidisciplinary research project concerning the historical complex of Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. This building of exceptional size is the result of successive evolutions starting from the thirteenth century in an area that has been urbanized since the Roman age. The study, which aimed at assessing the seismic vulnerability of the complex, required the completion of numerous sub-phases for the architectural and structural characterization of the building: the identification of the structural units, the historical research, the architectural and structural geometric survey, the study of the subsoil and the integration of non-destructive or partially destructive diagnostic campaigns. The creation of a three-dimensional parametric model (BIM) has allowed the computerized management of data from the knowledge acquisition process and its use for the analysis of seismic vulnerability, for the facility management of the complex and for the creation of virtual museum itineraries.
{"title":"Integration and BIM digitization of interdisciplinary research and diagnostic campaigns for knowledge and conservation: Palazzo Vecchio in Florence","authors":"A. L. Ciuffreda, M. Coli, M. Tanganelli, G. Verdiani","doi":"10.36253/rar-14305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14305","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the results of a multidisciplinary research project concerning the historical complex of Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. This building of exceptional size is the result of successive evolutions starting from the thirteenth century in an area that has been urbanized since the Roman age. The study, which aimed at assessing the seismic vulnerability of the complex, required the completion of numerous sub-phases for the architectural and structural characterization of the building: the identification of the structural units, the historical research, the architectural and structural geometric survey, the study of the subsoil and the integration of non-destructive or partially destructive diagnostic campaigns. The creation of a three-dimensional parametric model (BIM) has allowed the computerized management of data from the knowledge acquisition process and its use for the analysis of seismic vulnerability, for the facility management of the complex and for the creation of virtual museum itineraries.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The building heritage of the 20th century characterises many Italian cities and inevitably defines much of their conformation. The economic boom and the desire for social redemption in the post-war period, as well as the real need to rebuild parts of cities affected by conflict, led to the construction of a wide variety of infrastructures and buildings. The latest ones, designed for different uses, differ from the rest of the historical heritage, both for the use of modern materials and for the proposal of innovative forms. The aim of the following contribution is to investigate the current and complex issue of the recovery of modern and contemporary building heritage, focusing on the productive buildings conservation and valorisation, which due to their architectural quality and appropriate location deserve to be known and returned to the inhabitants. The following contribution illustrates two significant case studies of modern fish markets in Italy.
{"title":"Recupero e valorizzazione dei mercati ittici: un patrimonio architettonico e sociale da conoscere e riqualificare","authors":"Valentina Spagnoli, C. Piferi","doi":"10.36253/rar-14347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14347","url":null,"abstract":"The building heritage of the 20th century characterises many Italian cities and inevitably defines much of their conformation. The economic boom and the desire for social redemption in the post-war period, as well as the real need to rebuild parts of cities affected by conflict, led to the construction of a wide variety of infrastructures and buildings. The latest ones, designed for different uses, differ from the rest of the historical heritage, both for the use of modern materials and for the proposal of innovative forms. The aim of the following contribution is to investigate the current and complex issue of the recovery of modern and contemporary building heritage, focusing on the productive buildings conservation and valorisation, which due to their architectural quality and appropriate location deserve to be known and returned to the inhabitants. The following contribution illustrates two significant case studies of modern fish markets in Italy.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reconstruction of the damaged building heritage in the post-war period led architects, urban planners and experts from other disciplines to enrich a stimulating debate on the various emerging issues: the restoration took on particular connotations aimed at defining the urban dimension of the intervention. The historical period was characterized by intense debates, held in numerous conferences and witnessed by significant publications starting from the 1950s. The contribution will highlight that the social, economic and cultural context in Europe has changed and it is appropriate to approach the themes of restoration in an innovative way, while considering the principles set out in national and international documents as valid and current. We will try to highlight how in Italy the approach to conservation issues must take into account a very complex reality, in which the restoration of the architectural heritage must neces- sarily deal with aspects of mandatory relevance.
{"title":"Conservazione e nuove frontiere tecniche pluridisciplinari","authors":"Claudia Aveta","doi":"10.36253/rar-14285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14285","url":null,"abstract":"The reconstruction of the damaged building heritage in the post-war period led architects, urban planners and experts from other disciplines to enrich a stimulating debate on the various emerging issues: the restoration took on particular connotations aimed at defining the urban dimension of the intervention. The historical period was characterized by intense debates, held in numerous conferences and witnessed by significant publications starting from the 1950s. The contribution will highlight that the social, economic and cultural context in Europe has changed and it is appropriate to approach the themes of restoration in an innovative way, while considering the principles set out in national and international documents as valid and current. We will try to highlight how in Italy the approach to conservation issues must take into account a very complex reality, in which the restoration of the architectural heritage must neces- sarily deal with aspects of mandatory relevance.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41745795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution proposes the study of the Meteora Monasteries in Greece, a complex of Orthodox places of cult situated on rocky promontories, included in the World Heritage list in 1988. While these areas originated as a result of the desire of some monks to build isolated and inaccessible places of cult, with the opening to tourism and the attribution of a new museum function, the original characteristic aimed at isolation is now a distant prerogative. In the context of expanded and inclusive use, these areas present high criticalities. The contribution intends to question the possibilities offered by the discipline of restoration for the recovery of some elevators and funicular railways, added in recent years and currently in disuse or only usable by the monastic community, in order to guarantee each individual the possibility of being able to enjoy an heritage with a high historical, architectural and landscape value.
{"title":"Il Patrimonio mondiale religioso inaccessibile. Conservazione e fruizione ampliata","authors":"A. Trematerra","doi":"10.36253/rar-14348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14348","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution proposes the study of the Meteora Monasteries in Greece, a complex of Orthodox places of cult situated on rocky promontories, included in the World Heritage list in 1988. While these areas originated as a result of the desire of some monks to build isolated and inaccessible places of cult, with the opening to tourism and the attribution of a new museum function, the original characteristic aimed at isolation is now a distant prerogative. In the context of expanded and inclusive use, these areas present high criticalities. The contribution intends to question the possibilities offered by the discipline of restoration for the recovery of some elevators and funicular railways, added in recent years and currently in disuse or only usable by the monastic community, in order to guarantee each individual the possibility of being able to enjoy an heritage with a high historical, architectural and landscape value.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44809826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence Heritage Data System is part of the projects for the protection and enhancement of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), contributing to the knowledge, use, protection and management of the Historic Centre of Florence. The main target is creationing a World Heritage sites control and evaluation model, using the system of data and techniques to evaluate architectural and urban restoration projects, in the context of dynamic transformations, on the historicized fabric. A necessary tool for the Florence World Heritage and Relations with UNESCO Office; it is usefull to the Periodic Reports, to the evaluations of the territorialized discipline and of the specific regulation on World Heritage (HIA), for the integration and identification of «elements of heritage» within «transformation projects», architectural diagnostics and cultural heritage cataloging and cartographic activities.
{"title":"Florence Heritage data System. Un modello di controllo e valutazione per i siti Patrimonio Mondiale","authors":"C. Capitanio, Daniela Chiesi, M. Franco","doi":"10.36253/rar-14298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14298","url":null,"abstract":"Florence Heritage Data System is part of the projects for the protection and enhancement of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), contributing to the knowledge, use, protection and management of the Historic Centre of Florence. The main target is creationing a World Heritage sites control and evaluation model, using the system of data and techniques to evaluate architectural and urban restoration projects, in the context of dynamic transformations, on the historicized fabric. A necessary tool for the Florence World Heritage and Relations with UNESCO Office; it is usefull to the Periodic Reports, to the evaluations of the territorialized discipline and of the specific regulation on World Heritage (HIA), for the integration and identification of «elements of heritage» within «transformation projects», architectural diagnostics and cultural heritage cataloging and cartographic activities.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48713057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On November 26, 2021, the Ministers of Education of four countries - Italy, France, Greece and Cyprus - signed a memorandum of understanding for the defense and enhancement of classical languages, publishing a joint declaration in which they undertake "to strengthen cooperation in the study of Latin and Ancient Greek, encouraging and developing bilateral and multilateral partnerships', with the aim of promoting knowledge of these languages. The document explicitly recognizes Latin and Greek as European intangible heritage both for their historicity and for the economic value connected to them. Classical languages, vehicle of the intangible heritage and essential defense tool, are explicitly linked for the first time with scientific progress, eliminating a dangerous dichotomy, recently invaded, between theory and practice, between philological studies and scientific skills, and reiterating that it is not possible to know the past and intervene in the future without the necessary presence of the linguistic codes that have generated the culture of humanity. The contribution aims to elaborate and order the value of ancient media as a scientific tool for the generation and dissemination of the cultural characteristics of modern man.
{"title":"La Dichiarazione europea per lo studio del latino e del greco antico: filologia e autenticità dei beni culturali","authors":"Maria Carolina Campone","doi":"10.36253/rar-14269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14269","url":null,"abstract":"On November 26, 2021, the Ministers of Education of four countries - Italy, France, Greece and Cyprus - signed a memorandum of understanding for the defense and enhancement of classical languages, publishing a joint declaration in which they undertake \"to strengthen cooperation in the study of Latin and Ancient Greek, encouraging and developing bilateral and multilateral partnerships', with the aim of promoting knowledge of these languages. The document explicitly recognizes Latin and Greek as European intangible heritage both for their historicity and for the economic value connected to them. Classical languages, vehicle of the intangible heritage and essential defense tool, are explicitly linked for the first time with scientific progress, eliminating a dangerous dichotomy, recently invaded, between theory and practice, between philological studies and scientific skills, and reiterating that it is not possible to know the past and intervene in the future without the necessary presence of the linguistic codes that have generated the culture of humanity. The contribution aims to elaborate and order the value of ancient media as a scientific tool for the generation and dissemination of the cultural characteristics of modern man.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historic Areas of Istanbul was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985. Following its declaration as a world heritage site (WHS), the number of the site’s stakeholders increased on legal base. The State Party, Türkiye, has become promiser for providing up-to-date information concerning the site at regular intervals, i.e. state of conservation reports, to international stakeholders. By this way, all discussions that already existing in media and academia concerning the WHS and its well-known components, including the Golden Horn and Hagia Sophia, have moved from national scale to international level. This ‘supranational’ multi-stakeholder approach has put pressure on interventions from time to time. This paper aims to present the impacts and limitations of the Convention as an international regulation on decision-making process of national stakeholders in the context of urban historic centers. The process after being inscribed on the List will be assessed from the stakeholders’ perspective.
{"title":"Changing Approaches of the 1972 Convention’s Stake- holders. Historic Areas of Istanbul, Türkiye","authors":"Asli Hetemoglu, Yesim Tonga-Uriarte","doi":"10.36253/rar-14352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14352","url":null,"abstract":"Historic Areas of Istanbul was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985. Following its declaration as a world heritage site (WHS), the number of the site’s stakeholders increased on legal base. The State Party, Türkiye, has become promiser for providing up-to-date information concerning the site at regular intervals, i.e. state of conservation reports, to international stakeholders. By this way, all discussions that already existing in media and academia concerning the WHS and its well-known components, including the Golden Horn and Hagia Sophia, have moved from national scale to international level. This ‘supranational’ multi-stakeholder approach has put pressure on interventions from time to time. This paper aims to present the impacts and limitations of the Convention as an international regulation on decision-making process of national stakeholders in the context of urban historic centers. The process after being inscribed on the List will be assessed from the stakeholders’ perspective.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay aims to provide a brief summary of the most controversial restoration realized on four cases out of the eight Frank Lloyd Wright’s works listed as Unesco World Heritage (the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Unity Temple, the Robie House, Taliesin West), in a comparative view between the recurrent methods of the American approach to architectural restoration and the shared values of the Italian theory of conservation. In this way, the principles laid down by Unesco to list this valuable heritage (Integrity, Authenticity, Protection) are looked under a critical perspective, showing how liable they are in within the selected cases. Furthermore, the text will focus on the complex implications deriving from the design intent, the authorship, the architectural history and the use of photography in the restoration process, opposed to the principle of time and authenticity deriving from the Venice Charter and the Nara Document.
{"title":"Frank Lloyd Wright’s World Heritage throughout Time. The complex compromise between use and conservation in the American approach to architectural restoration","authors":"D. Galleri","doi":"10.36253/rar-14324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14324","url":null,"abstract":"This essay aims to provide a brief summary of the most controversial restoration realized on four cases out of the eight Frank Lloyd Wright’s works listed as Unesco World Heritage (the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Unity Temple, the Robie House, Taliesin West), in a comparative view between the recurrent methods of the American approach to architectural restoration and the shared values of the Italian theory of conservation. In this way, the principles laid down by Unesco to list this valuable heritage (Integrity, Authenticity, Protection) are looked under a critical perspective, showing how liable they are in within the selected cases. Furthermore, the text will focus on the complex implications deriving from the design intent, the authorship, the architectural history and the use of photography in the restoration process, opposed to the principle of time and authenticity deriving from the Venice Charter and the Nara Document.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The projects commissioned to Guarino Guarini by the Order of Regular Theatine Clerics left a mark of his extraordinary ability to blend rationality and lucid imagination of geometric shapes in which the close relationship between art and science stands out. Most of realized buildings have been demolished or destroyed because of catastrophic events. Therefore, the problem of knowledge of such manufactured products arises increasing and integrating the available data with those newly acquired in emergency situations. This paper proposes a digital platform aimed to analyze and catalogue Guarini’s heritage; the data sheets can be shared and easily implemented. A special section is dedicated to buildings no longer existing. The aim of this project project is to allow the faithfuls, visitors and the Fathers of the Order themselves to be able to "review" and "relive" the Theatine lost architecture.
{"title":"Il patrimonio scomparso di Guarino Guarini per l’Ordine dei Chierici Regolari Teatini: catalogazione con l’impiego di nuove tecnologie","authors":"Rossana Ravesi","doi":"10.36253/rar-14340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14340","url":null,"abstract":"The projects commissioned to Guarino Guarini by the Order of Regular Theatine Clerics left a mark of his extraordinary ability to blend rationality and lucid imagination of geometric shapes in which the close relationship between art and science stands out. Most of realized buildings have been demolished or destroyed because of catastrophic events. Therefore, the problem of knowledge of such manufactured products arises increasing and integrating the available data with those newly acquired in emergency situations. This paper proposes a digital platform aimed to analyze and catalogue Guarini’s heritage; the data sheets can be shared and easily implemented. A special section is dedicated to buildings no longer existing. The aim of this project project is to allow the faithfuls, visitors and the Fathers of the Order themselves to be able to \"review\" and \"relive\" the Theatine lost architecture.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42791133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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