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The Implementation of Blended Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Language Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间混合同步和异步在线语言学习的实现
Pub Date : 2022-06-04 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.114328
Adhan Kholis
The Covid-19 Pandemic has disrupted interaction and communication between teachers and students in teaching and learning. Hence, online learning becomes recourse to reach students’ presence. Both are separated into divergent space and time. However, in practice, students get inconvenience in apprehending and receiving knowledge on screen given by teachers. Accordingly, certain manners have been led to solve and to simplify remote teaching by combining both synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. This study aimed to explore, to investigate, and to describe students’ perceptions and learning practices at implementation of online language learning using blended synchronous and asynchronous communication. Data obtained was from the observation, the interview, the students’ questionnaire derived from the Google Form, and the need analysis in the preliminary study toward higher students of Nahdlatul Ulama University of Yogyakarta majoring English Education Department. It was a case study research design. The descriptive and quantitative analysis was used to describe and to interpret the obtained data from respondents. The results showed that the students were more enthusiastic with the combination between synchronous and asynchronous learning modes than videoconference only. Furthermore, evidences represented the students were motivated with asynchronous tools such as WhatsApp, Google Docs, and Google Classroom with the reasons: easy to reach communication, cheap in costs, multifunction, and fast in responses. In acquiring clear interaction and a direct meeting, the live conference like Zoom and Google Meet became the right preferences for both teachers and the students.
新冠肺炎疫情扰乱了教师和学生在教学中的互动和沟通。因此,在线学习成为接触学生的手段。两者都分为不同的空间和时间。然而,在实践中,学生在理解和接受老师屏幕上提供的知识方面遇到了不便。因此,通过将同步和异步学习模式相结合,已经导致了某些方式来解决和简化远程教学。本研究旨在探索、调查和描述学生在使用同步和异步混合通信进行在线语言学习时的感知和学习实践。数据来源于对日惹Nahdlatul Ulama大学英语教育系高等学生的初步研究中的观察、访谈、从谷歌表格中获得的学生问卷以及需求分析。这是一个案例研究设计。描述性和定量分析用于描述和解释从受访者那里获得的数据。结果表明,同步和异步学习模式相结合的学生比单纯的视频会议更有热情。此外,有证据表明,学生们受到WhatsApp、谷歌文档和谷歌课堂等异步工具的激励,原因是:易于沟通、成本低廉、多功能、反应迅速。在获得清晰的互动和直接会议的过程中,Zoom和Google Meet等现场会议成为教师和学生的正确偏好。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic Structure of Javanese Verb ‘to cut’: Natural Semantics Metalanguage Analysis 爪哇语动词“切”的语义结构:自然语义元语言分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.113185
Rizal D Syifa, Agus Subiyanto
The verb ‘to cut’ in Javanese is an interesting verb to study. This is because the tools, the objects, the way it is use, and the results will affect the selection of the lexicon used. This qualitative descriptive study focuses on describing the semantic structure of the verb ‘to cut’ in Javanese using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach which was initiated by Wierzbicka (1996) using one of the theoretical concepts of NSM. The source of the data was obtained from the intuition of the researcher as a native speaker of the Javanese language assisted by using the Bausastra Jawa dictionary and Kamus Bahasa Jawa - Bahasa Indonesia I . The data analysis technique used four steps including determining the original meaning, deriving meaning, determining polysemy, and paraphrasing meaning. The results of the research show that there are 12 lexicons ‘to cut’ in Javanese which have close meanings, i.e., nyukur, nyunati, mbeleh, nguliti, nugel, nggraji, negor, mbabat, ngrajang, nyacah, nyuwek and nggunting, which are then grouped into 6 categories based on the object.
爪哇语中的动词“切”是一个值得研究的有趣动词。这是因为工具、对象、使用方式和结果都会影响所使用词汇的选择。本文采用Wierzbicka(1996)提出的自然语义元语言(NSM)方法,对爪哇语动词“切”的语义结构进行了定性描述研究。数据的来源是作为母语为爪哇语的研究者通过使用Bausastra Jawa词典和Kamus Bahasa Jawa - Bahasa Indonesia I获得的直觉。数据分析技术采用确定原意、推导意义、确定一词多义和释义四个步骤。研究结果表明,爪哇语中有nyukur、nyunati、mbeleh、nguliti、nugel、nggraji、negor、mbabat、ngrajang、nyacah、nyuweek、nggunt等12个词义相近的词汇,并将其按对象划分为6类。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Student Reading Interests During Learning from Home in the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情下学生在家学习的阅读兴趣分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.115455
Titi Setiyoningsih, Fikry Zahria Emeraldien, Yanuar Bagas Arwansyah
Learning activities from home impacts changing students' lifestyles, especially reading activities. This study aimed to describe and explain reading interest among undergraduate students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (S-1 PBSI) of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) while learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was qualitative research with a descriptive survey method. The sampling technique was designed for S-1 PBSI UNS who are still active in the Academic Year 2021/2022. The data collection technique in this study employed a questionnaire consisting of five categories:1) attitudes toward reading, 2) reading preferences, 3) reading frequency, 4) reading sources, and 5) types of reading materials during learning from home. The following conclusions are reached as the research results and discussion. First, students still had an enthusiastic attitude towards reading activities while learning from home and reading anything, including books or academic material. Second, students preferred to read online with the fiction reading type in the form of novels rather than literary texts. Third, students' reading frequencies during learning from home were 30 minutes to 1 hour for 3–6 days a week. Students could read for more than one hour for fun, but only 30 minutes to 1 hour to read academic texts. Additionally, they could read 4–6 books in one semester. Fourth, students received online learning resources, mostly websites, and offline learning sources, primarily textbooks. Smartphones were the most commonly used reading media. Fifth, the majority types of student reading were novels.
在家学习活动影响着学生生活方式的改变,尤其是阅读活动。本研究旨在描述和解释新冠肺炎大流行期间,西贝拉斯马雷特大学(UNS)印度尼西亚语言和文学教育研究项目(S-1 PBSI)本科生在家学习时的阅读兴趣。本研究采用描述性调查方法进行定性研究。该采样技术是为2021/2022学年仍在活动的S-1 PBSI UNS设计的。本研究中的数据收集技术采用了一份由五类组成的问卷:1)对阅读的态度,2)阅读偏好,3)阅读频率,4)阅读来源,以及5)在家学习期间的阅读材料类型。作为研究结果和讨论,得出以下结论。首先,学生们在家学习和阅读任何东西,包括书籍或学术材料时,仍然对阅读活动抱有热情。其次,学生们更喜欢以小说的形式进行小说阅读,而不是文学文本。第三,学生在家学习期间的阅读频率为30分钟至1小时,每周3-6天。学生可以为了好玩而阅读一个多小时,但阅读学术文本只有30分钟到1小时。此外,他们可以在一个学期内阅读4-6本书。第四,学生获得了在线学习资源,主要是网站,以及线下学习来源,主要是课本。智能手机是最常用的阅读媒体。第五,学生阅读的类型以小说为主。
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引用次数: 0
The Function of English Usage on Linguistic Landscape of Padang: A Case Study on Khatib Sulaiman Street 英语使用对巴东语言景观的作用——以哈提卜苏莱曼街为例
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.115206
Ikrima Zahara, Dewa Putu Wijana
This study deals with linguistic landscape found on Khatiib Sulaiman Street, Padang. The aim of the study is to identify the dominant language of the monolingual, bilingual and multilingual signs and to investigate the function of English displayed on the signs. Thus, this study uses mixed method,  quantitative and qualitative, since the data and the analysis of this study is in the form of pictures and text and the justification is proven by the percentage. By using multilingualism approach on a linguistic landscape research, 236 pictures of signs displayed on Khatib Sulaiman Street as the data of this study were collected on July, 2021, and then was classfied to be monolingual, bilingual, or multilingual based on the languages that exist on each sign. This research found that there are 117 signs in Bahasa Indonesia-only, 14 signs in English-only, 82 signs in Bahasa Indonesia-English, 12 signs in Bahasa Indonesia-Minangnese, 6 signs in Bahasa Indonesia-Arabic, 3 signs in Bahasa Indonesia-English-Minangnese, and 2 signs in Bahasa Indoensia-English-Arabic. Monolingual signs are dominated by Bahasa Indonesia indicating that national languages still has the strongest position. Foreign language that is predominant in bilingual and multilingual signs is English. Gorter (2006) divides types of signs in linguistic landscape into two: bottom-up and top-down, type of sign that uses English the most is type bottom-up, displayed to live both informative function, which are to tell the name of shops and to do marketing and symbolic function, which are to symbolize modernity, sophistication, professionalism, and social status. 
本研究涉及巴东Khatiib Sulaiman街的语言景观。本研究的目的是确定单语、双语和多语言标志的主导语言,并研究英语在标志上的作用。因此,本研究采用了定量和定性的混合方法,因为本研究的数据和分析是以图片和文本的形式进行的,并且通过百分比来证明其合理性。通过使用多语方法进行语言景观研究,本研究于2021年7月收集了236张哈提卜苏莱曼街上展示的标志图片作为数据,然后根据每个标志上存在的语言将其分为单语、双语或多语言,82个印尼语英语标志,12个印尼语米南语标志,6个印尼语阿拉伯语标志,3个印尼语英文米南语符号,2个印尼语英阿拉伯语符号。印尼语在单语言符号中占主导地位,这表明民族语言仍然占据着最强大的地位。在双语和多语言标志中占主导地位的外语是英语。Gorter(2006)将语言景观中的标志类型分为两类:自下而上和自上而下,使用英语最多的标志类型是自下而上,既有告知商店名称的信息功能,也有营销和象征功能,象征现代性、高级性、专业性和社会地位。
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引用次数: 1
Online Learning amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Providing Assessment that Ensures Meaningful Learning Experience 新冠肺炎大流行期间的在线学习:提供确保有意义学习体验的评估
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.116146
Abdul Halim, N. E. Chandra, Rina Listia, R. Amelia, Yih-Sheue Lin
The paper aims to explore how assessment with principles can be utilized by a teacher during online learning in pandemic situation. Since at the end of year 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus, also well-known as COVID-19, has affected the global activities including education. Many governments decided to shift the education process from traditional face-to-face classroom to online learning either in synchronous or asynchronous modes. By utilizing systematic review as a method of study, the databases from ERIC, Google Scholar, and DOAJ were used to collect some articles that were related to the studies. These articles were selected through the process of identifying, screening, checking for eligibility, and deciding for inclusion. The findings indicated there are some modes of assessment that not only is it plausible, the varied kinds of assessment would also be a solution for the current real-life educational problems faced by the teachers.
本文旨在探讨在大流行情况下,教师如何在在线学习中利用有原则的评估。自2019年底以来,SARS-CoV-2病毒也被称为COVID-19,影响了包括教育在内的全球活动。许多政府决定将教育过程从传统的面对面课堂转变为同步或异步模式的在线学习。采用系统评价的研究方法,利用ERIC、谷歌Scholar和DOAJ数据库收集与本研究相关的部分文章。这些文章是通过识别、筛选、检查资格和决定纳入的过程选出的。研究结果表明,有一些评估模式不仅是合理的,而且各种评估也可以解决当前教师面临的现实教育问题。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Students’ Ability in Using Collocations in Argumentative Writing Across Gender 跨性别测量学生在议论文写作中使用搭配的能力
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.116651
Annike Putri Ardi
This research is a descriptive study. It investigates the difference of EFL male and female students’ ability in using collocations in argumentative writing. There were 24 students taking a writing test in this research. They were 17 female and 7 male students. The test used a writing test with two different writing prompts to be chosen by the students. The rubric focused on the use of collocationsas other elements of writing are ignored to make the test valid. The research findings show that overall score of the students’ ability in using collocations in argumentative writing is 63.8 which is in average level. There is no student with excellent ability, 13 students with good ability, 7 students with average ability, 3 students with fair ability and 1 student with poor ability.  Another finding, even with different score 64.2 for male and 62.7 for female, there is no difference between the male and female students’ ability in collocations in argumentative writing as they both are in average level. In conlusion, the ability in using collocations of male and female students is in the same level.
本研究为描述性研究。研究了男女学生在议论文写作中使用搭配能力的差异。本研究共有24名学生参加了写作测试。她们分别是17名女生和7名男生。该测试采用了一种写作测试,由学生选择两种不同的写作提示。该量规侧重于搭配的使用,而忽略了写作的其他元素,以使测试有效。研究结果表明,学生在议论文写作中使用搭配的能力总分为63.8分,处于平均水平。没有一名学生能力优秀,13名学生能力良好,7名学生能力一般,3名学生能力尚可,1名学生能力较差。另一项研究发现,即使男生得分为64.2,女生得分为62.7,但男女学生在议论文写作中的搭配能力也没有差异,因为他们都处于平均水平。总之,男女学生的搭配运用能力处于同一水平。
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引用次数: 0
“I Mean You Can Stop. I Already Understand You”: Head Tilts during Conversations “我的意思是你可以停下来。我已经理解你了”:对话中的摇头
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.116673
Nyak Mutia Ismail, Veni Nella Syahputri
This study tried to shed light specifically on head gestures which are categorized as upward tilts, downward tilts, leftward tilts, rightward tilts, nods, shakes, and turns. This study is qualitative in nature since the data quality is considered as the focal importance in generating the results as well as the conclusions. The data collection was carried out through observation and interviews involving 2 respondents in two different topic rounds. Hence, the instruments are observation sheets, documentations, and interview guides. The data from observation (in the form of videotapes) were analyzed using visual thematic coding, while the interview data were analyzed using interactive analysis. The results unveil that in argumentation topic, repondents tend to perfomr more turning head movement, both right turn and left turn. Meanwhile, in discussion topic, the respondents performed more of nodding and upward tilt. It can be concluded that head movements performed by interlocutors depend on the types o topic(s) they are engaged in. It implies that in teaching and learning process, teachers can use this onformation to ensure the situation during material explanation to see whether the students agree, disagree, understand, or confused with the explanations.
这项研究试图特别阐明头部的姿势,包括向上倾斜、向下倾斜、向左倾斜、向右倾斜、点头、摇晃和转身。本研究本质上是定性的,因为数据质量被认为是产生结果和结论的重点。数据收集是通过观察和访谈的方式进行的,涉及两轮不同主题的2名受访者。因此,这些工具是观察表、文件和采访指南。观察数据(录像形式)采用视觉主题编码进行分析,访谈数据采用互动分析。结果表明,在辩论话题中,被调查者倾向于进行更多的转头动作,包括右转和左转。同时,在讨论话题时,被调查者更多的表现为点头和向上倾斜。可以得出结论,对话者的头部动作取决于他们所参与的话题类型。这意味着在教学过程中,教师可以利用这一信息来确保材料讲解过程中的情况,看看学生是否同意、不同意、理解或混淆了解释。
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引用次数: 0
Blended Learning, The International Chinese Learning Trend In Post-Pandemic Era 混合学习:后疫情时代的国际汉语学习趋势
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v16i1.116661
Nanda Lailatul Qadriani
In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, Chinese online learning faced many challenges, including (1) poor internet connection and high internet costs; (2) low computational literacy of teachers; (3) limited interaction between teachers and students; (4) inappropriate teaching materials and methods; and (5) the lack of student discipline and the difficulty of providing assessments. However, these challenges have turned into opportunities for the rapid development of online Chinese learning over time. Academics in China predict that online Chinese learning will be maintained in the post-pandemic era, the blended learning will become a learning trend that is applied globally. This research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through literature study method and Forum Group Discussion (FGD).  The result of this study is a description of the solution to the challenges of Chinese online learning globally during the pandemic, blended learning, and its implementation strategy in the post-pandemic era based on the “Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education” issued in 2021.
在新冠肺炎疫情爆发初期,中国在线学习面临诸多挑战,包括:(1)网络连接差,网络成本高;(2)教师计算素养低;(3)师生互动有限;(四)教材和教学方法不当的;(5)学生纪律的缺乏和提供评估的困难。然而,随着时间的推移,这些挑战已经变成了在线汉语学习快速发展的机遇。国内学者预测,在疫情后时代,在线汉语学习将保持不变,混合式学习将成为全球应用的学习趋势。本研究采用文献研究法和论坛小组讨论(FGD),采用数据收集技术进行描述性定性研究。本研究的结果是基于2021年发布的《国际汉语教育汉语水平分级标准》,描述了疫情期间全球汉语在线学习面临的挑战、混合式学习的解决方案及其后疫情时代的实施策略。
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引用次数: 1
The Voice of Human Ecology in the Novel The Bear (2020) by Andrew Krivak 安德鲁·克里瓦克的小说《熊》(2020)中人类生态的声音
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v15i2.115620
A. Sabrina
As a movement that has held an important position in the humanities for the past few decades, eco-criticism or environmental-oriented literature needs to promote a better understanding of nature more broadly. That is, ecocriticism must distinguish itself from writings on the environment in general, namely by presenting a narrative showing that humans need to have a sense of attachment to nature, as well as by presenting a narrative showing that the world of humans and the world of non-humans needs to be positioned equally. In the novel The Bear (2020) by Andrew Krivak, the voice of equality between humans and nature is the dominant issue. Using the human ecology concept from Philip J. Stewart as a key concept, this study aims to describe how human fragility and natural domination presented in the novel The Bear (2020) support the idea of human ecology, as well as how human ecologyvoiced in the novel The Bear (2020) criticizes the view of anthropocentrism which believes that humans are the center of life. This study shows that the voice of human ecology in the novel The Bear (2020) which is presented through human fragility, natural domination, to criticism of the anthropocentrism view offers the idea of a balance between humans and nature. The balance in question is a condition in which humans and nature return to an equal position, where neither one of them is harmed.
作为一场在过去几十年中在人文学科中占据重要地位的运动,生态批评或环境文学需要更广泛地促进对自然的更好理解。也就是说,生态批评必须与一般的环境著作区分开来,即通过呈现一种表明人类需要对自然有依恋感的叙事,以及通过呈现一个表明人类世界和非人类世界需要平等定位的叙事。在安德鲁·克里瓦克的小说《熊》(2020)中,人与自然平等的声音是主导问题。本研究以菲利普·J·斯图尔特的人类生态学概念为核心,描述小说《熊》(2020)中呈现的人类脆弱性和自然支配是如何支持人类生态学思想的,以及小说《熊(2020)》中的人类生态选择是如何批判人类中心主义认为人类是生命中心的观点的。本研究表明,小说《熊》(2020)中人类生态学的声音通过人类的脆弱、自然的支配,对人类中心主义观点的批判,提供了人与自然之间的平衡思想。有问题的平衡是一种人类和自然恢复平等地位的条件,在这种情况下,他们都不会受到伤害。
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引用次数: 1
Encountering Prospective Teachers’ and Lecturers’ Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) Experience in Microteaching Class 在微格教学课堂中遇到准教师和讲师的学习共同体(LSLC)经验
Pub Date : 2021-12-11 DOI: 10.24036/ld.v15i2.115230
Yuli Tiarina, H. Hashim, Yenni Rozimela, Aryuliva Adnan
Considering the effectiveness of Lesson Study as a continue teacher development, this study was conducted to explore prospective teachers’ and lecturers’ experience in implementing Lesson Study in Microteaching class. Quantitative research approach was employed where a total of 49 prospective teachers and 2 Microteaching lecturers at English Department of Universitas Negeri Padang were involved as the participants. The data were gathered through questionnaires with 1-5 Likert scales consisting of four sessions. The results indicate that prospective teachers and lecturers have positive experience in implementing lesson study for learning community with the mean score 3.75 and 4.08 out of 5. It is supported by the Mann Whitney U test where the value with 1-tailed (.358) was bigger than level of probability α (0.05). They perceived that LSLC promotes to improve the ability of collaboration between members of the learning community and facilitates the process of teaching and learning in Microteaching classes in preparing teaching material and teaching strategies for teaching in microteaching class. Therefore, it is suggested that LSLC must be implemented continuously to improve teachers’ pedagogical competency and collaboration skills.   
考虑到课堂学习作为教师持续发展的有效性,本研究旨在探索未来教师和讲师在微格教学课堂上实施课堂学习的经验。采用定量研究方法,共有49名准教师和2名巴东大学英语系微格教学讲师作为参与者。数据是通过1-5 Likert量表的问卷收集的,该量表由四个环节组成。结果表明,未来的教师和讲师在实施学习型社区课程研究方面有积极的经验,平均得分分别为3.75分和4.08分(满分5分)。Mann-Whitney U检验支持了这一点,其中单尾(.358)的值大于概率水平α(0.05)。他们认为LSLC有助于提高学习社区成员之间的协作能力,并促进微格教学班在准备教材和教学策略方面的教学过程微格教学班。因此,建议继续实施LSLC,以提高教师的教学能力和协作技能。
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引用次数: 0
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Lingua Didaktika Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa
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