Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202202010
O. Zakharchuk, Oksana Vyshnevetska, Yevheniia Ionitsoi
The strategic importance of grain as a commodity in the domestic market and the main export agricultural commodity determines the relevance of the study. Today, the problem of high-quality seed production in Ukraine has worsened, as insufficient funding for the industry, outdated material and technical base of breeding organisations, scarce royalties and lack of breeding payments threatens the development of Ukrainian seed production. The dynamic development of the industry requires a more active and balanced policy in the industry, which would include state target programmes and the development of the regulatory framework in terms of ensuring legal and transparent intellectual property rights to breeders and breeding institutions. The purpose of the article is to analyse and assess the state of seed production of winter cereals and determine the objectives of Ukrainian breeding science for 2022. The following methods were used in the research process: dialectical, systematic approach, monographic, economic-statistical, tabular, graphical, empirical, comparative analysis, abstract-logical, analytical forecasting. The state of seed production of winter cereals was studied and it was found that in Ukraine there are 583 varieties of wheat, 79 – barley, 55 – rye and 51 – triticale. Only 32% of wheat, 33.3% of triticale, 17.7% of barley and 5.5% of rye are produced. Of these, Ukrainian is only 58.3% for wheat, 47.5% for barley and 15.5% for rye; the average annual need for winter cereals in the regions of Ukraine and in the country as a whole was determined. 1.4-1.6 million tons of wheat, 122 thousand tons of barley, 36 thousand tons of rye and 10 thousand tons of triticale are needed to ensure the sowing of grain in volumes not less than the sown area; tasks for Ukrainian breeding science on the development of winter cereals for 2022 are set, which will contribute to technical and technological support of breeders and seed producers, harmonisation and adaptation of the seed industry of Ukraine to world standards, increase competitiveness and the export potential of Ukrainian seed production.
{"title":"Seed Production of Winter Cereals – the Basis of National Selection and the Task of Ukrainian Breeding Science in 2022","authors":"O. Zakharchuk, Oksana Vyshnevetska, Yevheniia Ionitsoi","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202202010","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic importance of grain as a commodity in the domestic market and the main export agricultural commodity determines the relevance of the study. Today, the problem of high-quality seed production in Ukraine has worsened, as insufficient funding for the industry, outdated material and technical base of breeding organisations, scarce royalties and lack of breeding payments threatens the development of Ukrainian seed production. The dynamic development of the industry requires a more active and balanced policy in the industry, which would include state target programmes and the development of the regulatory framework in terms of ensuring legal and transparent intellectual property rights to breeders and breeding institutions. The purpose of the article is to analyse and assess the state of seed production of winter cereals and determine the objectives of Ukrainian breeding science for 2022. The following methods were used in the research process: dialectical, systematic approach, monographic, economic-statistical, tabular, graphical, empirical, comparative analysis, abstract-logical, analytical forecasting. The state of seed production of winter cereals was studied and it was found that in Ukraine there are 583 varieties of wheat, 79 – barley, 55 – rye and 51 – triticale. Only 32% of wheat, 33.3% of triticale, 17.7% of barley and 5.5% of rye are produced. Of these, Ukrainian is only 58.3% for wheat, 47.5% for barley and 15.5% for rye; the average annual need for winter cereals in the regions of Ukraine and in the country as a whole was determined. 1.4-1.6 million tons of wheat, 122 thousand tons of barley, 36 thousand tons of rye and 10 thousand tons of triticale are needed to ensure the sowing of grain in volumes not less than the sown area; tasks for Ukrainian breeding science on the development of winter cereals for 2022 are set, which will contribute to technical and technological support of breeders and seed producers, harmonisation and adaptation of the seed industry of Ukraine to world standards, increase competitiveness and the export potential of Ukrainian seed production.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83339024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202202034
Y. Danko, O. Krasnorutskyy
Progressive increase in exports of Ukrainian agricultural and food position, maintaining the leading position of the state in world commodity markets in the agri-food segment, especially in the grain market should not pose a threat to food security and the emergence of shortages in the domestic market. The article is devoted to the identification of features and indicators of effective realisation of the export potential of the Ukrainian grain market in view of the food security of the state. The methodological basis of the study was a number of general and special research methods, in particular, the dialectical method of cognition, the method of comparisons, empirical, graphical and abstract-logical methods. The result of the study is the identification of trends in foreign economic relations in the field of grain trade. Potential threats to Ukraine’s food security from the increase in the volume of export-import operations in the grain market have been identified. The need for state coordination of processes to eliminate potential threats to the internal market has been highlighted. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the regulation of foreign economic transactions in the grain market based on the definition of tools to correct existing disparities in the realisation of economic interests of producers and traders in the context of food security gained further development. Along with the positive changes in the development of international grain trade, potential threats to the country’s food security and to domestic market operators were identified. Proposals for their elimination by active methods of state regulation were substantiated.
{"title":"Trends in the Development of Ukrainian Grain Exports in the Сontext of Observance of State Food Security","authors":"Y. Danko, O. Krasnorutskyy","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202202034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202202034","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive increase in exports of Ukrainian agricultural and food position, maintaining the leading position of the state in world commodity markets in the agri-food segment, especially in the grain market should not pose a threat to food security and the emergence of shortages in the domestic market. The article is devoted to the identification of features and indicators of effective realisation of the export potential of the Ukrainian grain market in view of the food security of the state. The methodological basis of the study was a number of general and special research methods, in particular, the dialectical method of cognition, the method of comparisons, empirical, graphical and abstract-logical methods. The result of the study is the identification of trends in foreign economic relations in the field of grain trade. Potential threats to Ukraine’s food security from the increase in the volume of export-import operations in the grain market have been identified. The need for state coordination of processes to eliminate potential threats to the internal market has been highlighted. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the regulation of foreign economic transactions in the grain market based on the definition of tools to correct existing disparities in the realisation of economic interests of producers and traders in the context of food security gained further development. Along with the positive changes in the development of international grain trade, potential threats to the country’s food security and to domestic market operators were identified. Proposals for their elimination by active methods of state regulation were substantiated.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202202040
Y. Nehoda, M. Klymenko
One of the main tasks of humanity on the agenda is the preservation of this planet as a prerequisite for the functioning of everything we interact with, where we live and what we stand for. Every day, 9 out of 10 inhabitants of the Earth are forced to breathe polluted air, which affects their health, penetrating the respiratory and circulatory systems and disrupting the brain, lungs and heart. Therefore, there is a need to find new and improve existing levers of impact on pollutants in the world as a whole and in Ukraine in particular, given the successful foreign experience of European countries. One of these levers is environmental taxation, as part of the financial policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and highlight the main ways to reform the environmental taxation system of Ukraine in the context of the development of European integration processes. The basis of research methodology are abstract-logical method, dialectical method of scientific knowledge, analysis, deduction, synthesis, statistical, graphical and tabular. The main ways of reforming the system of ecological taxation of Ukraine in the conditions of development of European integration processes and experience of the EU countries are generalised. The classification of environmental tax bases according to Eurostat (Eurostat) and the Directorate General of the European Commission for the Environment (The European Commission’s Directorate General Environment) is substantiated. Scientific and methodological approaches to the definition, identification and improvement of elements of the mechanism of environmental taxation and the structure of distribution of revenues to the relevant levels of the budget system of Ukraine have been further developed. The system distribution and assignment of the relevant components of compensation and regulatory payments to the environmental taxation of Ukraine according to the budget classification codes was improved. The main levers of tax policy to achieve environmental goals and encourage polluters to reduce the burden on the environment are substantiated. The results of the study can be used at the local and state levels to make decisions on reforming the environmental tax system in Ukraine.
{"title":"Directions of Reforming the Ecological Taxation System of Ukraine in the Conditions of Development of European Integration Processes","authors":"Y. Nehoda, M. Klymenko","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202202040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202202040","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main tasks of humanity on the agenda is the preservation of this planet as a prerequisite for the functioning of everything we interact with, where we live and what we stand for. Every day, 9 out of 10 inhabitants of the Earth are forced to breathe polluted air, which affects their health, penetrating the respiratory and circulatory systems and disrupting the brain, lungs and heart. Therefore, there is a need to find new and improve existing levers of impact on pollutants in the world as a whole and in Ukraine in particular, given the successful foreign experience of European countries. One of these levers is environmental taxation, as part of the financial policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and highlight the main ways to reform the environmental taxation system of Ukraine in the context of the development of European integration processes. The basis of research methodology are abstract-logical method, dialectical method of scientific knowledge, analysis, deduction, synthesis, statistical, graphical and tabular. The main ways of reforming the system of ecological taxation of Ukraine in the conditions of development of European integration processes and experience of the EU countries are generalised. The classification of environmental tax bases according to Eurostat (Eurostat) and the Directorate General of the European Commission for the Environment (The European Commission’s Directorate General Environment) is substantiated. Scientific and methodological approaches to the definition, identification and improvement of elements of the mechanism of environmental taxation and the structure of distribution of revenues to the relevant levels of the budget system of Ukraine have been further developed. The system distribution and assignment of the relevant components of compensation and regulatory payments to the environmental taxation of Ukraine according to the budget classification codes was improved. The main levers of tax policy to achieve environmental goals and encourage polluters to reduce the burden on the environment are substantiated. The results of the study can be used at the local and state levels to make decisions on reforming the environmental tax system in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81063586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202202020
S. Cheremisina, V. Rossokha, Mykhailo Kryvun
Progressive development of the dairy industry requires improving technologies of feed production, keeping, feeding, increasing livestock and breeding work on farms, the genetic potential of breeds, milking cows, storing and processing milk and producing the necessary range of dairy products. Successful implementation of these technological processes requires an effective system of innovative support for dairy production, for which the scientific developments of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine are important. At the same time, the ability of dairy enterprises to innovative development is determined by the transformation of their economic mechanism through the introduction of technical, organisational and managerial achievements in the field of technology. The purpose of the article is to study the current realities, opportunities and forecast the main dimensions for the intensification of innovative activities of dairy enterprises in Ukraine. A number of methods were used in the research process: monographic; comparative analysis; prognostication; tabular; settlement and constructive; graphic, abstract-logical. The existence of an adapted system of innovative support is established and scientific developments of control in the selection of raw milk, vitamin naturalisation of milk, technologies of production of dietary dairy products, automation of production processes, heat treatment of milk using modern packaging materials to extend its shelf life, introduction of innovative methods in operational activities, personnel development, marketing and logistics, the use of which should be extended in the system of economic mechanism of functioning and development of the dairy industry. The forecast indicators of the raw material base of the dairy industry of Ukraine, which in 2025 will remain at the level of 2020 and will amount to 9287 thousand tons, with an increase in milk production in agricultural enterprises by 13.0% and a decrease in households by 5.0%. The necessary volumes of raw material production have been established to ensure the production capacity of milk processing enterprises and the rational norm of consumption of milk and dairy products. The dynamics of forecast indicators of dairy production in Ukraine is constructed. The priority target guidelines of the strategy of intensification of innovative activity of milk processing enterprises are substantiated. An algorithm for increasing the innovative activity of a processing enterprise is proposed. These approaches and research results can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to intensify the innovative activities of Ukrainian dairy industry.
{"title":"Prospects for Increasing the Level of Innovation Activity of Dairy Enterprises","authors":"S. Cheremisina, V. Rossokha, Mykhailo Kryvun","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202202020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202202020","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive development of the dairy industry requires improving technologies of feed production, keeping, feeding, increasing livestock and breeding work on farms, the genetic potential of breeds, milking cows, storing and processing milk and producing the necessary range of dairy products. Successful implementation of these technological processes requires an effective system of innovative support for dairy production, for which the scientific developments of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine are important. At the same time, the ability of dairy enterprises to innovative development is determined by the transformation of their economic mechanism through the introduction of technical, organisational and managerial achievements in the field of technology. The purpose of the article is to study the current realities, opportunities and forecast the main dimensions for the intensification of innovative activities of dairy enterprises in Ukraine. A number of methods were used in the research process: monographic; comparative analysis; prognostication; tabular; settlement and constructive; graphic, abstract-logical. The existence of an adapted system of innovative support is established and scientific developments of control in the selection of raw milk, vitamin naturalisation of milk, technologies of production of dietary dairy products, automation of production processes, heat treatment of milk using modern packaging materials to extend its shelf life, introduction of innovative methods in operational activities, personnel development, marketing and logistics, the use of which should be extended in the system of economic mechanism of functioning and development of the dairy industry. The forecast indicators of the raw material base of the dairy industry of Ukraine, which in 2025 will remain at the level of 2020 and will amount to 9287 thousand tons, with an increase in milk production in agricultural enterprises by 13.0% and a decrease in households by 5.0%. The necessary volumes of raw material production have been established to ensure the production capacity of milk processing enterprises and the rational norm of consumption of milk and dairy products. The dynamics of forecast indicators of dairy production in Ukraine is constructed. The priority target guidelines of the strategy of intensification of innovative activity of milk processing enterprises are substantiated. An algorithm for increasing the innovative activity of a processing enterprise is proposed. These approaches and research results can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to intensify the innovative activities of Ukrainian dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83050108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202201026
I. Salo, S. Cheremisina
Competitiveness generally characterises the relative advantages in the market according to various quantitative and qualitative criteria and ultimately affects the development of its market conditions and the overall food supply of the population. Therefore, the study of competitiveness in the horticultural market in terms of production and sales volumes, prices, quality, and pomological varieties is quite important. The establishment of relative indicators of competitive advantages in the fruit and berry market determines favourable positions by various operators of economic relations. The purpose of the study consists in determining competitiveness in the fruit and berry market using relative indicators for comparing preferences in terms of the volume of the supply of fruits and berries by different categories of farms, prices, and pomological varieties. The research was guided by methodological approaches to determining the competitiveness of agricultural products in the Ukrainian agricultural market. At the same time, the following methods were used: dialectical method of cognition of market processes and a systematic approach, analytical generalisations, statistical comparison, constructive and computational, abstract and logical method. Based on comparative indicators of competitiveness of horticultural products in the Ukrainian market, the level of market competition of agricultural enterprises and households is estimated: the coefficient of market competition and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of market concentration. It is established that according to the first level of concentration of the industrial sector, the Ukrainian fruit market is in the low concentration group. Another indicator defined for households indicates a low concentration, high competition, a sufficient number of operators, and a weak position of each of them. In terms of fruit and berry production, Ukrainian producers are more competitive than importers. In terms of prices, agricultural producers and importers had competitive advantages. Competitive pomological varieties of fruits and berries for producers, traders, and consumers are determined based on calculations of competitive advantages and author’s study of the trade and consumer sectors. The competitiveness of various categories of farms in the horticultural market, competitive advantages in terms of production volumes, prices, and pomological varieties of fruits and berries are determined from the standpoint of the need to rationally provide the needs of the population with high-quality food products and further market development. The findings should be used in the creation of a target programme for the development of the food market for a long-term period aimed primarily at the rational provision of food products competitive in price and quality to the population of Ukraine.
{"title":"Competitiveness in the Horticultural Market of Ukraine","authors":"I. Salo, S. Cheremisina","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202201026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202201026","url":null,"abstract":"Competitiveness generally characterises the relative advantages in the market according to various quantitative and qualitative criteria and ultimately affects the development of its market conditions and the overall food supply of the population. Therefore, the study of competitiveness in the horticultural market in terms of production and sales volumes, prices, quality, and pomological varieties is quite important. The establishment of relative indicators of competitive advantages in the fruit and berry market determines favourable positions by various operators of economic relations. The purpose of the study consists in determining competitiveness in the fruit and berry market using relative indicators for comparing preferences in terms of the volume of the supply of fruits and berries by different categories of farms, prices, and pomological varieties. The research was guided by methodological approaches to determining the competitiveness of agricultural products in the Ukrainian agricultural market. At the same time, the following methods were used: dialectical method of cognition of market processes and a systematic approach, analytical generalisations, statistical comparison, constructive and computational, abstract and logical method. Based on comparative indicators of competitiveness of horticultural products in the Ukrainian market, the level of market competition of agricultural enterprises and households is estimated: the coefficient of market competition and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of market concentration. It is established that according to the first level of concentration of the industrial sector, the Ukrainian fruit market is in the low concentration group. Another indicator defined for households indicates a low concentration, high competition, a sufficient number of operators, and a weak position of each of them. In terms of fruit and berry production, Ukrainian producers are more competitive than importers. In terms of prices, agricultural producers and importers had competitive advantages. Competitive pomological varieties of fruits and berries for producers, traders, and consumers are determined based on calculations of competitive advantages and author’s study of the trade and consumer sectors. The competitiveness of various categories of farms in the horticultural market, competitive advantages in terms of production volumes, prices, and pomological varieties of fruits and berries are determined from the standpoint of the need to rationally provide the needs of the population with high-quality food products and further market development. The findings should be used in the creation of a target programme for the development of the food market for a long-term period aimed primarily at the rational provision of food products competitive in price and quality to the population of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90627696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202201034
Bohdan Dukhnytskyi
Ukraine is one of the states that, to a large extent, meet their own needs for various crop and livestock products. At the same time, the capabilities of our agricultural sector allow forming an offer in an amount sufficient for profitable supplies to other countries. Therefore, when considering in detail the functioning of most agri-food markets in Ukraine, production and export are mainly described as the main structural elements of the balance sheet. In the case of the fish and seafood market, a completely different picture is observed, when the indicators and features of import and consumption come to the fore. The problem of import dependence in this segment only increases over time, caused by a combination of objective and subjective factors of an economic, social, and political nature. It is important from a scientific standpoint in this context to compare individual indicators of the world and Ukrainian fish and seafood markets to demonstrate the reasons for the different levels of their development at the present stage. The need to consider these and other related issues indicates the relevance of this topic. The purpose of the study is to investigate the situation on the Ukrainian fish and seafood market, the importance of its import for the generation of domestic supply and demand, to determine the potential of production in Ukraine at the expense of its own specialised industries. The following methods are used: theoretical generalisation, analysis and synthesis, comparative evaluation, historical, graphical, and tabular. The dynamics of import to Ukraine of products of group 3 of the UKTZED “Fish, crustaceans, mollusks” in quantitative and cost indicators, the general balance of these products, changes in its production by Ukrainian enterprises together with the key reasons, a detailed description of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the global market for these products, in particular, with the selection of leading countries in production, exports, consumption trends, assessed the prospects for its development, established a focus on the systemic development of the world market of fish and seafood in the context of movement of goods from primary producer to the final consumer, provided proposals for Ukrainian market to increase own production through legalisation and stimulation of aquaculture. The provisions of the study are aimed at informing Ukrainian industry enterprises, potential producers, and responsible state authorities about current trends in the global fish and seafood market to identify the potential of domestic production and reduce Ukraine’s dependence on imports of this group of products.
{"title":"Functioning of the Fish and Seafood Market in Ukraine","authors":"Bohdan Dukhnytskyi","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202201034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202201034","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine is one of the states that, to a large extent, meet their own needs for various crop and livestock products. At the same time, the capabilities of our agricultural sector allow forming an offer in an amount sufficient for profitable supplies to other countries. Therefore, when considering in detail the functioning of most agri-food markets in Ukraine, production and export are mainly described as the main structural elements of the balance sheet. In the case of the fish and seafood market, a completely different picture is observed, when the indicators and features of import and consumption come to the fore. The problem of import dependence in this segment only increases over time, caused by a combination of objective and subjective factors of an economic, social, and political nature. It is important from a scientific standpoint in this context to compare individual indicators of the world and Ukrainian fish and seafood markets to demonstrate the reasons for the different levels of their development at the present stage. The need to consider these and other related issues indicates the relevance of this topic. The purpose of the study is to investigate the situation on the Ukrainian fish and seafood market, the importance of its import for the generation of domestic supply and demand, to determine the potential of production in Ukraine at the expense of its own specialised industries. The following methods are used: theoretical generalisation, analysis and synthesis, comparative evaluation, historical, graphical, and tabular. The dynamics of import to Ukraine of products of group 3 of the UKTZED “Fish, crustaceans, mollusks” in quantitative and cost indicators, the general balance of these products, changes in its production by Ukrainian enterprises together with the key reasons, a detailed description of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the global market for these products, in particular, with the selection of leading countries in production, exports, consumption trends, assessed the prospects for its development, established a focus on the systemic development of the world market of fish and seafood in the context of movement of goods from primary producer to the final consumer, provided proposals for Ukrainian market to increase own production through legalisation and stimulation of aquaculture. The provisions of the study are aimed at informing Ukrainian industry enterprises, potential producers, and responsible state authorities about current trends in the global fish and seafood market to identify the potential of domestic production and reduce Ukraine’s dependence on imports of this group of products.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76798220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202201018
N. Grunwald, O. Zakharchuk, Tetiana Matsybora
Given the significant production and export potential of the crop sector in Ukraine, it is important to develop an effective national seed production system. Providing agricultural producers with seeds of national selection is one of the main factors of food security in the country. The development of an effective seed production system provides for the creation of appropriate conditions for increasing seed production and popularising national varieties and hybrids that have a significant yield potential and high-quality indicators for their wider use, which will ensure the competitive advantages of agricultural production and its development. The purpose of the study is to identify trends and outline development prospects for the seed industry of Ukraine. In the course of the study, the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, system generalisation (establishing trends in the development of the Ukrainian seed industry; forming conclusions), and comparative analysis (determining the main problems of seed production development in Ukraine) were applied. Trends in the development of the seed industry in Ukraine are established. The main problems of seed production development are identified and measures to stimulate selection activities in Ukraine are proposed. Prospects for the development of Ukrainian seed production are outlined. Conclusions, suggestions, and practical recommendations can be used in the development of national programmes to support seed production in Ukraine.
{"title":"Prospects for the Development of the Seed Industry in Ukraine","authors":"N. Grunwald, O. Zakharchuk, Tetiana Matsybora","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202201018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202201018","url":null,"abstract":"Given the significant production and export potential of the crop sector in Ukraine, it is important to develop an effective national seed production system. Providing agricultural producers with seeds of national selection is one of the main factors of food security in the country. The development of an effective seed production system provides for the creation of appropriate conditions for increasing seed production and popularising national varieties and hybrids that have a significant yield potential and high-quality indicators for their wider use, which will ensure the competitive advantages of agricultural production and its development. The purpose of the study is to identify trends and outline development prospects for the seed industry of Ukraine. In the course of the study, the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, system generalisation (establishing trends in the development of the Ukrainian seed industry; forming conclusions), and comparative analysis (determining the main problems of seed production development in Ukraine) were applied. Trends in the development of the seed industry in Ukraine are established. The main problems of seed production development are identified and measures to stimulate selection activities in Ukraine are proposed. Prospects for the development of Ukrainian seed production are outlined. Conclusions, suggestions, and practical recommendations can be used in the development of national programmes to support seed production in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89653206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202201041
Hryhorii Pererva, R. Korinets
The development of communities and territories requires significant investment. At their expense, communities can restore existing or build new infrastructure, develop businesses, and launch joint development projects. All this is done to improve the living conditions and well-being of the population in communities. As a rule, there are not enough own funds to solve all tasks: community resources are limited and are largely used to meet priority needs. Rural and village communities, almost always financed on a residual basis, are practically unable to provide not only extended, but even simple reproduction of their territories. Therefore, larger projects are implemented using financial or material and technical resources provided from the state budget and/or through international technical assistance projects. This resource is mainly received on a non-refundable basis. The main requirement is for communities to get a sustainable long-term effect from investment. It is also a confirmation of the ability of territorial entities to independently maintain restored or created infrastructure or projects that have been put into operation. In order for these funds to be received by the most worthy and prepared entities, they are distributed through competitive selection mechanisms. Any communities submit project applications for the competition. The most important thing is that the applications meet the requirements of the competition and contain all the information properly submitted. The EU sectoral support competition is one of the largest, both in terms of coverage of Ukrainian communities, and in terms of development areas that can be funded. The results of the competition allow assessing which development problems seem most urgent in rural areas, and whether rural communities have an understanding of the requirements of project approaches. Conclusions and generalisations can serve as a marker for assessing the competitiveness of rural and village communities in the struggle for project resources. In addition – in terms of forming further policies for the development of rural areas and their institutional support. The purpose of the study – assess the ability of territorial communities (with an emphasis on rural and village communities) to prepare high-quality development projects in accordance with European approaches, and provide proposals for improving this ability. To assess the ability of territorial communities to prepare high-quality development projects, statistical and comparative analysis, systematisation and generalisation of information were carried out. The following methods were applied: synthesis and formalisation, graphical and tabular techniques. A study of the activity of communities (with an emphasis on rural and village ones) in terms of preparing development projects was carried out. Their readiness to participate in competitions is analysed. Based on the submitted project applications, a summary of the key priorities for the de
{"title":"Assessment of the Ability of Rural Communities to Prepare High-Quality Development Projects","authors":"Hryhorii Pererva, R. Korinets","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202201041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202201041","url":null,"abstract":"The development of communities and territories requires significant investment. At their expense, communities can restore existing or build new infrastructure, develop businesses, and launch joint development projects. All this is done to improve the living conditions and well-being of the population in communities. As a rule, there are not enough own funds to solve all tasks: community resources are limited and are largely used to meet priority needs. Rural and village communities, almost always financed on a residual basis, are practically unable to provide not only extended, but even simple reproduction of their territories. Therefore, larger projects are implemented using financial or material and technical resources provided from the state budget and/or through international technical assistance projects. This resource is mainly received on a non-refundable basis. The main requirement is for communities to get a sustainable long-term effect from investment. It is also a confirmation of the ability of territorial entities to independently maintain restored or created infrastructure or projects that have been put into operation. In order for these funds to be received by the most worthy and prepared entities, they are distributed through competitive selection mechanisms. Any communities submit project applications for the competition. The most important thing is that the applications meet the requirements of the competition and contain all the information properly submitted. The EU sectoral support competition is one of the largest, both in terms of coverage of Ukrainian communities, and in terms of development areas that can be funded. The results of the competition allow assessing which development problems seem most urgent in rural areas, and whether rural communities have an understanding of the requirements of project approaches. Conclusions and generalisations can serve as a marker for assessing the competitiveness of rural and village communities in the struggle for project resources. In addition – in terms of forming further policies for the development of rural areas and their institutional support. The purpose of the study – assess the ability of territorial communities (with an emphasis on rural and village communities) to prepare high-quality development projects in accordance with European approaches, and provide proposals for improving this ability. To assess the ability of territorial communities to prepare high-quality development projects, statistical and comparative analysis, systematisation and generalisation of information were carried out. The following methods were applied: synthesis and formalisation, graphical and tabular techniques. A study of the activity of communities (with an emphasis on rural and village ones) in terms of preparing development projects was carried out. Their readiness to participate in competitions is analysed. Based on the submitted project applications, a summary of the key priorities for the de","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87007254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202201010
Yana Dolgikh
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to improve the process of planning the crop production by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine through the construction of a functional relationship between the results of production activities of enterprises and the factors that determine these results. The purpose of the study is to improve the process of planning crop production by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine through the development of an econometric model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function. To model the processes of crop production, it is proposed to use the Cobb-Douglas production function, which describes the dependence of the crop production index on the indices of agricultural land acreage and labour productivity. Based on statistical information for 1996-2020, unknown parameters of the Cobb-Douglas production function were found by regression analysis. The high quality of the constructed model is substantiated. High predictive properties of the model are proved. To analyse the efficiency of resource use in crop production by agricultural enterprises, the coefficients of average, marginal products of labour and capital are calculated. The sensitivity of crop production to changes in crop areas and labour productivity is investigated. It is determined that if the index of agricultural areas is increased by 1%, the index of crop production will increase by 0.77%; and if the index of labour productivity is increased by 1%, the index of crop production will increase by 0.81%. An increasing return on the scale of resources spent is revealed, which indicates an increase in production volumes with an increase in the volume of resources in the crop production industry.
{"title":"Improvement of Crop Production Planning in Ukraine Using the Cobb-Douglas Production Function","authors":"Yana Dolgikh","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202201010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202201010","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to improve the process of planning the crop production by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine through the construction of a functional relationship between the results of production activities of enterprises and the factors that determine these results. The purpose of the study is to improve the process of planning crop production by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine through the development of an econometric model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function. To model the processes of crop production, it is proposed to use the Cobb-Douglas production function, which describes the dependence of the crop production index on the indices of agricultural land acreage and labour productivity. Based on statistical information for 1996-2020, unknown parameters of the Cobb-Douglas production function were found by regression analysis. The high quality of the constructed model is substantiated. High predictive properties of the model are proved. To analyse the efficiency of resource use in crop production by agricultural enterprises, the coefficients of average, marginal products of labour and capital are calculated. The sensitivity of crop production to changes in crop areas and labour productivity is investigated. It is determined that if the index of agricultural areas is increased by 1%, the index of crop production will increase by 0.77%; and if the index of labour productivity is increased by 1%, the index of crop production will increase by 0.81%. An increasing return on the scale of resources spent is revealed, which indicates an increase in production volumes with an increase in the volume of resources in the crop production industry.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88893540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2021-169-2-151-163
P. Yukhumenko, S. Batazhok, V. Zubchenko
The article aims to broaden the theoretical and methodological foundations and scientific substantiation of approaches to improving the efficiency of institutional structure of the budget system Ukraine on the basis of high-quality institutional support for its formation and functioning. This study is based on systemic and evolutionary approaches that provide a comprehensive understanding of the institutional structure of the budget system. The institutional architecture improvement requires identifying various characteristics, direct relations and feedback as well as dependencies that arise in the formation of budget policy of Ukraine. The study deals with appraisal of the degree of perfection of the architecture influence on and institutional order, the budget process and the budget system efficiency. The practical importance is determined by the fact that theoretical and methodological provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations make the scientific basis for developing a new holistic concept of forming the institutional order of the budget system in terms of its decentralization. The analysis shows that the degree of perfection of the architecture and institutional architecture of the budget system significantly affects the efficiency of the budget process. It changes the philosophy of public finance management and creates incentives for dominance in the public choice of the Putnam group (those who care about public needs) rather than Olson (those who think primarily about their own needs). The study has noted some problems of control over the budget funds use depending on the society maturity. Conclusions on the ability of the budget system perfect architecture and institutional order to direct the potential of inclusive markets to welfare improvement, to implement innovations and invest them in people requires the state to consider them critical to economic growth and nation's wealth. The budget system must be organically integrated into the overall system of governance and be fully accountable and transparent in the new institutional order with inclusive economic and political institutions. Keywords: institutional order, institutional environment, market institutions, budget, budget process, formal and informal institutions.
{"title":"Factors of architecture efficiency of Ukrainian institutes of budgetary system","authors":"P. Yukhumenko, S. Batazhok, V. Zubchenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2021-169-2-151-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-169-2-151-163","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to broaden the theoretical and methodological foundations and scientific substantiation of approaches to improving the efficiency of institutional structure of the budget system Ukraine on the basis of high-quality institutional support for its formation and functioning.\u0000This study is based on systemic and evolutionary approaches that provide a comprehensive understanding of the institutional structure of the budget system. The institutional architecture improvement requires identifying various characteristics, direct relations and feedback as well as dependencies that arise in the formation of budget policy of Ukraine. \u0000The study deals with appraisal of the degree of perfection of the architecture influence on and institutional order, the budget process and the budget system efficiency. The practical importance is determined by the fact that theoretical and methodological provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations make the scientific basis for developing a new holistic concept of forming the institutional order of the budget system in terms of its decentralization. The analysis shows that the degree of perfection of the architecture and institutional architecture of the budget system significantly affects the efficiency of the budget process. It changes the philosophy of public finance management and creates incentives for dominance in the public choice of the Putnam group (those who care about public needs) rather than Olson (those who think primarily about their own needs). The study has noted some problems of control over the budget funds use depending on the society maturity.\u0000Conclusions on the ability of the budget system perfect architecture and institutional order to direct the potential of inclusive markets to welfare improvement, to implement innovations and invest them in people requires the state to consider them critical to economic growth and nation's wealth. The budget system must be organically integrated into the overall system of governance and be fully accountable and transparent in the new institutional order with inclusive economic and political institutions.\u0000Keywords: institutional order, institutional environment, market institutions, budget, budget process, formal and informal institutions.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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