Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202301040
M. Malik, O. Shpykuliak, S. Kravchenko, Larysa Malik, Valentyna Yuzhykova
Farms form an integral element of territorial entities and local culture: they use a variety of agricultural systems, promoting a balanced diet and preserving the environment. In wartime conditions, farms have a unique potential for creating productive and sustainable food systems. All these features indicate that the study of the system of farm development is relevant and has both theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the theoretical and methodological principles, socio-economic and legal issues of the activities of farms in the conditions of martial law. Research methodology. The methodological framework of the present study included the provisions of system analysis and economic theory. To generalize results, monographic, normative, graphic, abstractlogical methods and approaches were used. Study results. It was found that the conditions for staying on the single tax of group 4 are the most beneficial for farms, since the tax is fixed and depends solely on the volume of land plots. It was established that personal farms have the opportunity to implement their activities in the form of entrepreneurship for individuals-entrepreneurs who have organized a family farm. The study characterized individual family farms in Lviv, Zakarpattia, and Chernihiv regions. It was established that during martial law, the state allocates funds under special grants and subsidies to support the development of farms. It was found that the most adapted to the crisis conditions associated with military actions are farms and household plots. Practical significance. The results of the study can be considered in the development of regional programs for the development of agricultural business entities; the development of regulations for the formation and development of cooperation and integration in the agricultural sector of the economy
{"title":"Development of farms in wartime conditions","authors":"M. Malik, O. Shpykuliak, S. Kravchenko, Larysa Malik, Valentyna Yuzhykova","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202301040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202301040","url":null,"abstract":"Farms form an integral element of territorial entities and local culture: they use a variety of agricultural systems, promoting a balanced diet and preserving the environment. In wartime conditions, farms have a unique potential for creating productive and sustainable food systems. All these features indicate that the study of the system of farm development is relevant and has both theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the theoretical and methodological principles, socio-economic and legal issues of the activities of farms in the conditions of martial law. Research methodology. The methodological framework of the present study included the provisions of system analysis and economic theory. To generalize results, monographic, normative, graphic, abstractlogical methods and approaches were used. Study results. It was found that the conditions for staying on the single tax of group 4 are the most beneficial for farms, since the tax is fixed and depends solely on the volume of land plots. It was established that personal farms have the opportunity to implement their activities in the form of entrepreneurship for individuals-entrepreneurs who have organized a family farm. The study characterized individual family farms in Lviv, Zakarpattia, and Chernihiv regions. It was established that during martial law, the state allocates funds under special grants and subsidies to support the development of farms. It was found that the most adapted to the crisis conditions associated with military actions are farms and household plots. Practical significance. The results of the study can be considered in the development of regional programs for the development of agricultural business entities; the development of regulations for the formation and development of cooperation and integration in the agricultural sector of the economy","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88244748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202301030
Yana Dolgikh
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to perfect the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific and educational activities of the country’s higher education institutions and determine the causes of inefficiency. The purpose of this study was to improve the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific publication activities of agrarian higher education institutions of Ukraine using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The study was conducted according to the general heuristic method, the authors also employed mathematical and statistical methods of processing and analysis of input and output data, computer methods for the implementation of research tasks and abstract-logical methods for determining the degree of relevance, formulation of conclusions. The study substantiated the feasibility of using the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the scientific and educational activities of higher education institutions, as well as the feasibility of using Voluntary Retirement Services and Compulsory Retirement Service models, which are input-oriented, to evaluate the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of scientific publication activity. Based on statistical information for 2020-2021, the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of the scientific publication activity of 38 agricultural institutions of higher education of Ukraine were evaluated using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. According to the results of calculations, 18% of the educational institutions under study have the maximum value of technical and large-scale efficiency. The average technical efficiency is 0.6, the average pure technical efficiency – 0.7, and the average scale efficiency – 0.85. The analysis of the estimated values of relative efficiency allowed identifying the reasons for the inefficiency of each higher education institution under study, including suboptimal use of educational resources and an unbalanced scale of activity. Based on the study results, a rating of agrarian institutions of higher education in Ukraine in terms of the efficiency of scientific publication activities was compiled, which can be used as an addition to conventional ratings for analysing scientific and educational activities. The results of this study can be used to rank higher educational institutions by efficiency, to find the reasons for their ineffective activities
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of agrarian institutions of higher education of Ukraine using the DEA method","authors":"Yana Dolgikh","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202301030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202301030","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by the need to perfect the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific and educational activities of the country’s higher education institutions and determine the causes of inefficiency. The purpose of this study was to improve the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific publication activities of agrarian higher education institutions of Ukraine using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The study was conducted according to the general heuristic method, the authors also employed mathematical and statistical methods of processing and analysis of input and output data, computer methods for the implementation of research tasks and abstract-logical methods for determining the degree of relevance, formulation of conclusions. The study substantiated the feasibility of using the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the scientific and educational activities of higher education institutions, as well as the feasibility of using Voluntary Retirement Services and Compulsory Retirement Service models, which are input-oriented, to evaluate the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of scientific publication activity. Based on statistical information for 2020-2021, the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of the scientific publication activity of 38 agricultural institutions of higher education of Ukraine were evaluated using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. According to the results of calculations, 18% of the educational institutions under study have the maximum value of technical and large-scale efficiency. The average technical efficiency is 0.6, the average pure technical efficiency – 0.7, and the average scale efficiency – 0.85. The analysis of the estimated values of relative efficiency allowed identifying the reasons for the inefficiency of each higher education institution under study, including suboptimal use of educational resources and an unbalanced scale of activity. Based on the study results, a rating of agrarian institutions of higher education in Ukraine in terms of the efficiency of scientific publication activities was compiled, which can be used as an addition to conventional ratings for analysing scientific and educational activities. The results of this study can be used to rank higher educational institutions by efficiency, to find the reasons for their ineffective activities","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.32317/2221-1055.202301010
I. Salo, O. Popova, L. Kotsiubynska
In a market economy, the optimal supply of food to the population depends entirely on the development of the food market. To establish indicators of rational consumption, it is important to determine the capacity and saturation of the food market. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current proportions of supply and demand in the Ukrainian food market, establish the correspondence of the capacity and saturation of the food market to rational consumption parameters. The study used dialectical method of cognition of market processes and a systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, tabular, and abstract-logical method. The food market is recognized as aggregative, as it includes several interconnected markets for crop production, livestock production, and industrial processing. The study investigated the specific features of the formation of demand for food with low purchasing power of the population. The market capacity was established – standard with minimum and rational consumption standards and real. The latter was almost 30% lower than the calculated one based on rational norms, which indicates additional opportunities to replenish the income of the agricultural sector. It was found that even with an increase in effective demand of the population, the improvement in consumption is levelled due to rising food prices. A prominent level of self-sufficiency of the country in food products (excluding fish and fish products) was established, and a considerable saturation of the market with essential products – potatoes, vegetables, eggs, butter, and bread. The study results should be used in the formation of a target program for the development of the food market for a long-term period aimed primarily at rational provision of food products to the population of Ukraine
{"title":"Capacity and saturation of the food market in Ukraine","authors":"I. Salo, O. Popova, L. Kotsiubynska","doi":"10.32317/2221-1055.202301010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202301010","url":null,"abstract":"In a market economy, the optimal supply of food to the population depends entirely on the development of the food market. To establish indicators of rational consumption, it is important to determine the capacity and saturation of the food market. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current proportions of supply and demand in the Ukrainian food market, establish the correspondence of the capacity and saturation of the food market to rational consumption parameters. The study used dialectical method of cognition of market processes and a systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, tabular, and abstract-logical method. The food market is recognized as aggregative, as it includes several interconnected markets for crop production, livestock production, and industrial processing. The study investigated the specific features of the formation of demand for food with low purchasing power of the population. The market capacity was established – standard with minimum and rational consumption standards and real. The latter was almost 30% lower than the calculated one based on rational norms, which indicates additional opportunities to replenish the income of the agricultural sector. It was found that even with an increase in effective demand of the population, the improvement in consumption is levelled due to rising food prices. A prominent level of self-sufficiency of the country in food products (excluding fish and fish products) was established, and a considerable saturation of the market with essential products – potatoes, vegetables, eggs, butter, and bread. The study results should be used in the formation of a target program for the development of the food market for a long-term period aimed primarily at rational provision of food products to the population of Ukraine","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"15 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86955797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-87-97
O. Varchenko, O. Varchenko, N. Verniuk
It is proved that modern logistics distribution centers play an important role in the formation of added value in agri-food supply chains and the inclusion of small agricultural producers in competitive supply chains. The classification of logistics centers are carried out and approaches to their definition are systematized. The stages of evolution of sales and distribution of agricultural products on the basis of cooperation, logistics distribution centers are analyzed and the conclusion on the need to create such centers in the sale of agricultural products is made. The foreign practice of creation of logistic distribution centers of agricultural products is generalized, and also criteria of their characteristic are allocated. It is argued that the main purpose of creating logistics distribution centers for agricultural products is to establish economic partnerships between producers and consumers, reduce transaction costs, create conditions for the inclusion of small producers in competitive supply chains, ensuring transparency of food, quality and safety. It is proposed to consider the logistics distribution center of agricultural products and food as an object of providing comprehensive logistics services and coordination of transportation, finishing (drying, sorting, etc.), storage, sales, as well as support for financial, customs operations, marketing research, providing information support, etc. The factors hindering the inclusion of small producers in agri-food supply chains are systematized, and the requirements of retail chains for the supply of agricultural products are highlighted, which highlights the existing difficulties that can be solved by creating logistics distribution centers. Models of formation of logistics centers are considered and the formation of a logistics distribution center of agricultural products on the basis of public-private partnership is substantiated, which unites in one chain all logistics, production processes, as well as sales, including and commodity exchange. Key words: logistics distribution center, agri-food supply chains, small producers, logistics services.
{"title":"Logistics distribution centers as a tool for attracting small agricultural producers in agri-food supply chains","authors":"O. Varchenko, O. Varchenko, N. Verniuk","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-87-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-87-97","url":null,"abstract":"It is proved that modern logistics distribution centers play an important role in the formation of added value in agri-food supply chains and the inclusion of small agricultural producers in competitive supply chains. The classification of logistics centers are carried out and approaches to their definition are systematized. The stages of evolution of sales and distribution of agricultural products on the basis of cooperation, logistics distribution centers are analyzed and the conclusion on the need to create such centers in the sale of agricultural products is made. The foreign practice of creation of logistic distribution centers of agricultural products is generalized, and also criteria of their characteristic are allocated. It is argued that the main purpose of creating logistics distribution centers for agricultural products is to establish economic partnerships between producers and consumers, reduce transaction costs, create conditions for the inclusion of small producers in competitive supply chains, ensuring transparency of food, quality and safety. It is proposed to consider the logistics distribution center of agricultural products and food as an object of providing comprehensive logistics services and coordination of transportation, finishing (drying, sorting, etc.), storage, sales, as well as support for financial, customs operations, marketing research, providing information support, etc. The factors hindering the inclusion of small producers in agri-food supply chains are systematized, and the requirements of retail chains for the supply of agricultural products are highlighted, which highlights the existing difficulties that can be solved by creating logistics distribution centers. Models of formation of logistics centers are considered and the formation of a logistics distribution center of agricultural products on the basis of public-private partnership is substantiated, which unites in one chain all logistics, production processes, as well as sales, including and commodity exchange.\u0000Key words: logistics distribution center, agri-food supply chains, small producers, logistics services.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48009630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-137-151
V. Zakharchenko
The article considers topical issues of institutional support of land reform in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories. The purpose of the research is to disclose the content of key institutional traps of the land market in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories of Ukraine (primarily rural) taking into account the challenges of martial law. It is shown that the land is not only an operational basis for the creation of villages, cities, agglomerations, resettlement systems; this is also an important factor in agricultural production. The necessity of transformation of old and creation of new institutions or "rules of the game" in the field of land relations and agricultural production for sustainable development of communities and territories is substantiated. It is noted that among these institutions there are also those that produce negative results. V.M. Polterovich defines them as institutional traps. Institutional traps that appeared as a result of the transfer of agricultural land of state ownership to the communal. The problem manifestations that they have or can have in the aspect of sustainable development of communities and territories, especially in the conditions of martial law, are analyzed, namely: inversion and unconstitutional procedure for transferring land from state property to communal property; simplification of the scheme of transfer of land to private ownership; increasing manifestations of land corruption at the local level; inefficiency of communication in land issues of local self-government, business and state; weakening state control over land use and protection; inconsistency of land management and planning documentation within the framework of a comprehensive plan for spatial development of communities; lack of financial support for inventory of land in communities; land use is not for the intended purpose; uncertainty with the payment of land in the event of a change in the purpose of the land plot; threat of overstatement or understatement of land prices; strengthening the differentiation of territorial communities by the value of land assets and their financial capacity; lack of state support for agricultural producers; reduction of efficiency of small agricultural producers; strengthening the negative impact of agricultural holdings on the sustainable development of rural areas; the disappearance of villages and furization rural settlement network. Ways of avoiding and smoothing the negative consequences of institutional traps related to transactions on the transfer of agricultural land outside settlements to communal property are proposed. The emphasis is on increasing the role of state bodies in the regulation of land relations at the local level and the practical implementation of the concept of integrated development of communities and territories. Key words: land reform, form of ownership of land (state, communal, private), market turnov
{"title":"Institutional traps of land reform in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories","authors":"V. Zakharchenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-137-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-137-151","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers topical issues of institutional support of land reform in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories. The purpose of the research is to disclose the content of key institutional traps of the land market in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories of Ukraine (primarily rural) taking into account the challenges of martial law. It is shown that the land is not only an operational basis for the creation of villages, cities, agglomerations, resettlement systems; this is also an important factor in agricultural production. The necessity of transformation of old and creation of new institutions or \"rules of the game\" in the field of land relations and agricultural production for sustainable development of communities and territories is substantiated. It is noted that among these institutions there are also those that produce negative results. V.M. Polterovich defines them as institutional traps. Institutional traps that appeared as a result of the transfer of agricultural land of state ownership to the communal. The problem manifestations that they have or can have in the aspect of sustainable development of communities and territories, especially in the conditions of martial law, are analyzed, namely: inversion and unconstitutional procedure for transferring land from state property to communal property; simplification of the scheme of transfer of land to private ownership; increasing manifestations of land corruption at the local level; inefficiency of communication in land issues of local self-government, business and state; weakening state control over land use and protection; inconsistency of land management and planning documentation within the framework of a comprehensive plan for spatial development of communities; lack of financial support for inventory of land in communities; land use is not for the intended purpose; uncertainty with the payment of land in the event of a change in the purpose of the land plot; threat of overstatement or understatement of land prices; strengthening the differentiation of territorial communities by the value of land assets and their financial capacity; lack of state support for agricultural producers; reduction of efficiency of small agricultural producers; strengthening the negative impact of agricultural holdings on the sustainable development of rural areas; the disappearance of villages and furization rural settlement network. Ways of avoiding and smoothing the negative consequences of institutional traps related to transactions on the transfer of agricultural land outside settlements to communal property are proposed. The emphasis is on increasing the role of state bodies in the regulation of land relations at the local level and the practical implementation of the concept of integrated development of communities and territories.\u0000Key words: land reform, form of ownership of land (state, communal, private), market turnov","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-80-86
D. Shyian, Y. Sevriukova, M. Jevdokimova
The paper emphasizes that today's society is largely determined by the level of development of digitaltechnologies. The ability to access the Internet provides households with additional opportunities for income growth and competitive positions in the labor market. Today, the development of social networks creates additional opportunities for social integration of each person. Therefore, we can speak about new terms and concepts of "digital homelessness" and "digital inequality", which characterize the limited opportunities of individual members of the society in accessing the World Wide Web. It is clear that digital technologies ultimately shape the quality of human capital in the country. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the accessibility to the Internet on the level of income and life quality in Ukrainian households. The authors used methods of grouping, graphic, Student's t-test of comparison of averages, monographic, induction, deduction, and generalization methods in this study. The authors assessed the impact of the Internet availability on the income level of households in large cities and in rural areas. The obtained results indicate that in large cities as well as in rural areas the income level of households with access to the Internet was more than twice higher than that of households without access to the Internet. Non-randomness of these discrepancies was confirmed using the Student's t-test comparing averages. The paper estimates dependence of self-assessment by households on their income and the availability of the Internet. It turns out that the share of those who assessed their income as "enough and made savings" of households in large cities with access to the Internet equaled 10.4%, and those who did not have access to the Internet - 6.2 %. In rural areas, this ratio was equal to 12.5 % and 6.4 %, respectively. The conducted research allowed the authors to establish close connection between the level of the Internet access and the level of households' income both in large cities, and in rural areas. The authors have also confirmed that the level of the Internet access in rural areas was lower than that in large cities. Key words: human capital, households, digital technologies, household's income level, rural areas, digital inaccessibility.
{"title":"Digital technologies as factor of human capital formation in Ukraine","authors":"D. Shyian, Y. Sevriukova, M. Jevdokimova","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-80-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-80-86","url":null,"abstract":"The paper emphasizes that today's society is largely determined by the level of development of digitaltechnologies. The ability to access the Internet provides households with additional opportunities for income growth and competitive positions in the labor market. Today, the development of social networks creates additional opportunities for social integration of each person. Therefore, we can speak about new terms and concepts of \"digital homelessness\" and \"digital inequality\", which characterize the limited opportunities of individual members of the society in accessing the World Wide Web. It is clear that digital technologies ultimately shape the quality of human capital in the country. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the accessibility to the Internet on the level of income and life quality in Ukrainian households. The authors used methods of grouping, graphic, Student's t-test of comparison of averages, monographic, induction, deduction, and generalization methods in this study. The authors assessed the impact of the Internet availability on the income level of households in large cities and in rural areas. The obtained results indicate that in large cities as well as in rural areas the income level of households with access to the Internet was more than twice higher than that of households without access to the Internet. Non-randomness of these discrepancies was confirmed using the Student's t-test comparing averages. The paper estimates dependence of self-assessment by households on their income and the availability of the Internet. It turns out that the share of those who assessed their income as \"enough and made savings\" of households in large cities with access to the Internet equaled 10.4%, and those who did not have access to the Internet - 6.2 %. In rural areas, this ratio was equal to 12.5 % and 6.4 %, respectively. The conducted research allowed the authors to establish close connection between the level of the Internet access and the level of households' income both in large cities, and in rural areas. The authors have also confirmed that the level of the Internet access in rural areas was lower than that in large cities.\u0000Key words: human capital, households, digital technologies, household's income level, rural areas, digital inaccessibility.","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-34-46
Yu. Golovashenko
The article examines the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the social infrastructure of rural areas and systematizes the peculiarities of its functioning in modern conditions. It is argued that the state of rural social infrastructure is currently satisfactory and does not contribute to the formation of suitable living and working conditions for the rural population. As a result, a conclusion was made about the need for a comprehensive study of the functioning and development of rural social infrastructure and the development of a set of measures for its improvement in the conditions of the post-war period of the country. The important role of social infrastructure in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas and agriculture has been proven, that in the conditions of war and the complicated post-war period, there will be a need for scientific developments regarding the improvement and restoration of social infrastructure objects in the direction of improving the living conditions of the rural population and strengthening the social capital of rural territory Approaches to the definition of social infrastructure are systematized and a conclusion is drawn that this category cannot be equated with the "social sphere". It is highlighted that in the evolutionary development of the essence of the economic category "social infrastructure of rural areas" there was a transformation of the understanding of the goals of social infrastructure - from the formation of the necessary living conditions of the population to ensuring the reproduction of man and society. It is presented that the purpose of the functioning of the social infrastructure is to create a comfortable environment aimed at improving the living conditions, lifestyle and activities of the rural population, ensuring its physical, intellectual and spiritual development. It has been proven that the rural social infrastructure is organized on the basis of an organic combination of territorial and sectoral principles, but it is not focused on a specialized sectoral consumer, but on a territorial one, i.e. the rural population. It is proposed to consider the definition of rural social infrastructure as a category based on numerous functions and taking into account their impact on the national economy of the country. The main functions of the social purpose infrastructure of the village and their impact on the achievement of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas are considered. The author's definition of the category "social infrastructure of rural areas" is proposed as a complete system of interconnected links and elements of the rural economy (institutions, enterprises, industries and types of activities), which contributes to the socio-economic development of the territory, as well as ensures human life and affects its quality life through the satisfaction of needs. Key words: social infrastructure, rural areas, social sphere, elements of social infrastructure, m
{"title":"Theoretical principles of the functioning of the social infrastructure of rural areas","authors":"Yu. Golovashenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-34-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-34-46","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the social infrastructure of rural areas and systematizes the peculiarities of its functioning in modern conditions. It is argued that the state of rural social infrastructure is currently satisfactory and does not contribute to the formation of suitable living and working conditions for the rural population. As a result, a conclusion was made about the need for a comprehensive study of the functioning and development of rural social infrastructure and the development of a set of measures for its improvement in the conditions of the post-war period of the country. The important role of social infrastructure in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas and agriculture has been proven, that in the conditions of war and the complicated post-war period, there will be a need for scientific developments regarding the improvement and restoration of social infrastructure objects in the direction of improving the living conditions of the rural population and strengthening the social capital of rural territory Approaches to the definition of social infrastructure are systematized and a conclusion is drawn that this category cannot be equated with the \"social sphere\". It is highlighted that in the evolutionary development of the essence of the economic category \"social infrastructure of rural areas\" there was a transformation of the understanding of the goals of social infrastructure - from the formation of the necessary living conditions of the population to ensuring the reproduction of man and society. It is presented that the purpose of the functioning of the social infrastructure is to create a comfortable environment aimed at improving the living conditions, lifestyle and activities of the rural population, ensuring its physical, intellectual and spiritual development. It has been proven that the rural social infrastructure is organized on the basis of an organic combination of territorial and sectoral principles, but it is not focused on a specialized sectoral consumer, but on a territorial one, i.e. the rural population. It is proposed to consider the definition of rural social infrastructure as a category based on numerous functions and taking into account their impact on the national economy of the country. The main functions of the social purpose infrastructure of the village and their impact on the achievement of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas are considered. The author's definition of the category \"social infrastructure of rural areas\" is proposed as a complete system of interconnected links and elements of the rural economy (institutions, enterprises, industries and types of activities), which contributes to the socio-economic development of the territory, as well as ensures human life and affects its quality life through the satisfaction of needs.\u0000Key words: social infrastructure, rural areas, social sphere, elements of social infrastructure, m","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-124-136
O. Nadvodniuk
The article systematizes theoretical and methodological approaches to managing the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises and substantiates the need to form a new management model, the main goal of which is the creation of values. It is highlighted that the sustainable development of the enterprise can be defined as its ability to maintain competitiveness, profitability or break-even based on making effective management decisions. It is argued that the management of the sustainable development of the enterprise is a purposeful development that ensures the emergence of new opportunities for positive changes at the macro level in the aspect of sustainable development of the economy, ecology and society. It has been proven that the management of the sustainable development of the enterprise should be oriented towards meeting the needs of interested parties in order to achieve economic, social and environmental goals in the long term. It is proposed to consider the concept of managing the sustainable development of an agricultural enterprise as an abstract model designed to characterize organizational and economic relations formed in society at various levels of the economic system, in the process of interaction of interested parties to achieve the goals of long-term development. It is substantiated that with such an approach to the definition of managing the sustainable development of rural enterprise, due to the rational use of production resources, it will contribute to obtaining a high amount of added value, which is distributed within the social strata of the population, ensuring the balance of all spheres of the internal and external environment in terms of coordinating the interests of stakeholders in the early period. The main approaches to managing the sustainable development of the enterprise from the standpoint of the concept of corporate social responsibility have been supplemented, and the social, environmental, and economic aspects of management based on the principles of corporate social responsibility have been highlighted, which will allow the corporate structure to have a multiplier effect. It is indicated that the economic effect at the level of an agricultural enterprise is provided by its ability to create conditions for increasing economic indicators and the purchasing power of the rural population; social - the ability to ensure the improvement of the welfare of the rural population and workers (safety, health care, education), optimal distribution within social strata; ecological - the ability to preserve the main functions of the environment over a long period of time in the aspect of resource provision, waste collection and their use. Key words: sustainable development, social corporate responsibility, management of sustainable development, agricultural enterprise.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-67-79
Y. Lanchenko
The subject of scientific research is the theoretical and practical principles of the formation and effective use of human resources in the agriculture of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the strategic directions of the use of human resources in agriculture. The data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the results of other scientists' research and own developments were used. The following methods of scientific research are applied: abstract-logical; monographic; statistical and economic; balance; systematic approach, etc. A generalized definition of human resources is proposed as a set of active population characterized by socio-demographic, professional qualification, psychophysiological characteristics and participating in social and labor relations in enterprises (organizations, institutions) on the basis of employment and/or self-employment (entrepreneurs, owners of capital, employers), actively looking for work (unemployed), starting their own business. Based on the analysis of the formation and use of human resources in agriculture in the pre-war period and taking into account the current war situation in the country, the pessimistic trends of demographic indicators and economic activity of the rural population were determined as the basis for the formation of human resources in agricultural enterprises. Taking this into account and the recorded high level of informal employment in agriculture, a methodical approach to determining the forecasted indicators of the need to create jobs in the agricultural sector to ensure the effective use of availablehuman resources in rural areas is substantiated. Taking into account the excess of the supply of labor on the labor market in agriculture over its demand, the positive dynamics of the development of small forms of business in the industry, the unfilled potential capacity of the domestic market of labor-intensive agro-food products, in Ukraine, the perspective of comprehensive support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy has been proven. on the part of the state, territorial communities, etc. It was determined that the effective use of human resources in agriculture in wartime and postwar times will be ensured by achieving the following economic effects: increasing the level of formal employment and labor income of the rural population, filling the domestic market with labor-intensive products, ensuring food security for households and the country. On the basis of the conducted SWOT-analysis of the development of labor-intensive production of products in small agribusiness, a strategic choice matrix for the use of human resources in agriculture was developed. This will contribute to the developm of related sectors of the economy: logistics and processing, trade, machine-building enterprises and will require additional recruitment of personnel – a multiplier effect. Key words: human resources, agriculture,
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-20-33
O. Varchenko
The article substantiates the conceptual principles of reducing food loss and food waste from the standpoint of ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. The approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of food loss and waste are summarized, the similarities and differences between them, as well as the reasons for their formation and the connection between them, are noted. The main causes of food losses and food waste, which are caused by human, technical-technological, natural-climatic, economic, market, etc., are considered. factors. It is argued that Ukraine's waging of war caused the deterioration of food security both at the local and national levels, and at the international level. The main factors that lead to the loss of agri-food in the supply chain during wartime and the decrease in its production volumes are systematized, which will negatively affect the provision of food security in the country and the formation of export potential at the level of previous years. The dynamics of losses in terms of individual types of products were analyzed and it was established that the highest losses are observed for potatoes - 18.1 %, vegetables and melons - 12.0 %, fruits and vegetables - 10.0 %, and for livestock products this indicator is not significant It was found that the greatest losses of crop products occur at the stage of growing and harvesting, the value of which varies from 3 to 12 %, as well as sales. In dairy and meat breeding, the greatest losses occur at the stage of livestock breeding, milking and primary processing of products, as well as due to the lack of a full production cycle. It is estimated that the amount of food waste in Ukraine in households is 76 kg per capita, which is almost equal to the indicators of most countries, but the values are higher in the catering sector - 28 kg and retail trade - 16 kg. It was concluded that there is a need to develop effective measures to reduce food waste and losses in order to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of agri-food supply chains. It is substantiated that the conceptual principles of the need to reduce food losses and food waste should be considered in the aspect of ensuring food security and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Among the priority directions for solving the problem of food losses and waste, the following are highlighted: development of a comprehensive program for the preservation and restoration of agricultural production in the conditions of martial law; development and improvement of market infrastructure elements; technical and technological modernization of agricultural production, processing facilities; improvement of distribution infrastructure elements, especially transportation of live animals; creation of innovative warehouse facilities; formation of a rational consumption culture among the population; development of wholesale food markets, livestock markets, development of public-private partnerships in th
{"title":"Conceptual principles of food loss reduction and food waste","authors":"O. Varchenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-20-33","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the conceptual principles of reducing food loss and food waste from the standpoint of ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. The approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of food loss and waste are summarized, the similarities and differences between them, as well as the reasons for their formation and the connection between them, are noted. The main causes of food losses and food waste, which are caused by human, technical-technological, natural-climatic, economic, market, etc., are considered. factors. It is argued that Ukraine's waging of war caused the deterioration of food security both at the local and national levels, and at the international level. The main factors that lead to the loss of agri-food in the supply chain during wartime and the decrease in its production volumes are systematized, which will negatively affect the provision of food security in the country and the formation of export potential at the level of previous years. The dynamics of losses in terms of individual types of products were analyzed and it was established that the highest losses are observed for potatoes - 18.1 %, vegetables and melons - 12.0 %, fruits and vegetables - 10.0 %, and for livestock products this indicator is not significant It was found that the greatest losses of crop products occur at the stage of growing and harvesting, the value of which varies from 3 to 12 %, as well as sales. In dairy and meat breeding, the greatest losses occur at the stage of livestock breeding, milking and primary processing of products, as well as due to the lack of a full production cycle. It is estimated that the amount of food waste in Ukraine in households is 76 kg per capita, which is almost equal to the indicators of most countries, but the values are higher in the catering sector - 28 kg and retail trade - 16 kg. It was concluded that there is a need to develop effective measures to reduce food waste and losses in order to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of agri-food supply chains. It is substantiated that the conceptual principles of the need to reduce food losses and food waste should be considered in the aspect of ensuring food security and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Among the priority directions for solving the problem of food losses and waste, the following are highlighted: development of a comprehensive program for the preservation and restoration of agricultural production in the conditions of martial law; development and improvement of market infrastructure elements; technical and technological modernization of agricultural production, processing facilities; improvement of distribution infrastructure elements, especially transportation of live animals; creation of innovative warehouse facilities; formation of a rational consumption culture among the population; development of wholesale food markets, livestock markets, development of public-private partnerships in th","PeriodicalId":53051,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48685572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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