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RESEARCH THE EFFECT OF THE FRACTIONAL NUMBER SLOTS OF POLE ON WIND TURBINE GENERATION USING THE ENHANCED SPOTTED HYENA OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM 利用增强型斑点鬣狗优化算法研究了分数阶杆槽对风力发电的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5328
Ibrahim M. Aladwan, Hasan Abdelrazzaq AL Dabbas, Ayman. M. Maqableh, Sayel M. Fayyad, Oleksandr Miroshnyk, Taras Shchur, Vadym Ptashnyk
The design of machines with permanent magnets is actively developing day by day and is often used in wind energy. The main advantages of such variable speed drives are high efficiency, high power density and torque density. When designing a wind generator with two rotors and permanent magnets, it is necessary to solve such a problem as the correct choice of the number of poles and slots to increase efficiency and minimize the cost of the machine. In this work, an improved spotted hyena optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal combination of slots and poles. This optimization algorithm makes it possible to obtain the number of fractional slots per pole and evaluate the operating efficiency of a wind generator with a double rotor and ferrite magnets. At the first stage of machine design, various combinations of slots are installed. Next, the optimal combination is selected from various slot-pole combinations, taking into account the Enhanced Spotted Hyena Optimization (ESHO) algorithm, in which a multi-objective function is configured. Accordingly, the multi-objectives are the integration of reverse electromotive force, output torque, gear torque, flux linkage, torque ripple along with losses. Analysis of the results obtained shows that the proposed algorithm for determining the optimal slot combination is more efficient than other slot combinations. It has also been found that the choice of slot and pole combination is critical to the efficient operation of permanent magnet machines.
永磁体机械的设计日益积极发展,常用于风能领域。这种变速传动的主要优点是效率高、功率密度和转矩密度高。在设计双转子永磁体风力发电机时,必须解决正确选择极槽数等问题,以提高效率,使机器成本降到最低。本文采用一种改进的斑点鬣狗优化算法来获得槽极的最优组合。该优化算法可以获得每极分数槽数,并对双转子铁氧体磁体风力发电机的运行效率进行评估。在机器设计的第一阶段,安装各种槽的组合。其次,考虑配置多目标函数的Enhanced Spotted Hyena Optimization (ESHO)算法,从各种槽杆组合中选择最优组合;因此,多目标是反电动势、输出转矩、齿轮转矩、磁链、转矩脉动和损耗的综合。分析结果表明,该算法确定最优槽位组合的效率高于其他槽位组合。研究还发现,槽极组合的选择对永磁电机的高效运行至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
TESLA SWITCH OF 4 BATTERIES BASED ON THE ARDUINO UNO BOARD 基于arduino uno板的4节电池特斯拉开关
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.4051
Mykola Polishchuk, Serhii Grinyuk, Serhii Kostiuchko, Anatolii Tkachuk, Pavlo Savaryn
The paper considered the theoretical information of generators for several power sources, schematic their solutions, and the main disadvantages and advantages. A generator for 4 batteries based on field-effect transistors with optical galvanic isolation and a clock generator built on the basis of the Atmega328 microcontroller, which is part of the Arduino Uno device, was studied. The result of the study was the confirmation of the existence of the "Tesla-switch" effect. A program code was developed for the alternate switching of six transistor switches of the optical decoupling. The structural diagram of the device was studied, and the influence of the generator frequency and the consumed power of the load on the output parameters of the device were determined. The considered idea of energy saving and environmental friendliness of power supply systems is relevant, in particular in cases of blackouts.
本文综合考虑了几种电源的发电机的理论资料,给出了它们的解决方案,以及主要的缺点和优点。研究了基于光电隔离场效应晶体管的4节电池发生器和基于Arduino Uno器件的Atmega328微控制器的时钟发生器。研究结果证实了“特斯拉开关”效应的存在。编写了光去耦中6个晶体管开关交替开关的程序代码。研究了该装置的结构框图,确定了发电机频率和负载消耗功率对装置输出参数的影响。考虑到电力供应系统的节能和环保理念是相关的,特别是在停电的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE USING ECG AND PPG SIGNALS 利用ecg和PPG信号建模和分析收缩压和舒张压
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5326
Oleksandr Vasilevskyi, Emanuel Popovici, Volodymyr Sarana
Taking into account the peculiarities of using the MAX86150 evaluation system for measuring ECG and PPG signals, mathematical models were developed for indirect determination of systolic and diastolic pressure using fingers on the hand, which were tested in the MATLAB environment. Received ECG and PPG signals. Based on the proposed mathematical models, ECG and PPG signals were processed in the MATLAB package and the results of indirect measurement of blood pressure were presented.
考虑到MAX86150评估系统测量ECG和PPG信号的特点,建立了用手指间接测量收缩压和舒张压的数学模型,并在MATLAB环境下进行了测试。接收心电和PPG信号。基于所提出的数学模型,在MATLAB软件包中对心电和PPG信号进行处理,并给出间接测量血压的结果。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF THE POWER SUPPLY AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE HEMODIALYSIS MACHINE 血液透析机电源及控制系统的研制
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.3745
Volodymyr Yaskiv, Anna Yaskiv
The article describes new approaches to creating an autonomous compact system with automatic control for hemodialysis. It is proposed to organize a closed circuit for cleaning the dialysis solution using an electrolytic regenerator as a function of the concentration of urea in it. The functional diagram of the created system is presented and described. To power the regenerator, ensure thermal stabilization of the solution, and power auxiliary electronic and electrical equipment, a multi-channel power supply and control system for the hemodialysis machine based on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers has been developed and researched. The advantages of power switches based on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers in comparison with transistor switches, including in the construction of controlled power sources, are given. The principle of operation of the voltage regulator on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers is described. Theoretical and experimental oscillograms are given. Photographs of the experimental unit as well as an industrial sample of the multi-channel power supply and control system of the hemodialysis machine are provided. Their main technical characteristics are given. Conclusions to the conducted work are formulated. Carrying out the regeneration of the dialysis solution significantly reduces its costs – 2 liters of solution, which is suitable for use for 6 months, is enough for the operation of the device. Existing hemodialysis machines are a stationary open system using a single-use dialysis solution at a rate of up to 35 l/h, which ties the machine to stationary clinical conditions. Introducing feedback on the concentration of urea in the dialysis solution allows you to automate the blood purification procedure, as well as automatically complete hemodialysis at the necessary time, and also eliminates the dependence of the device on the conditions of the hospital.
文章描述了创建一个自动控制血液透析的自主紧凑系统的新方法。建议组织一个闭路清洗透析溶液,使用电解再生器作为其中尿素浓度的函数。给出了系统的功能框图,并对其进行了描述。为了给蓄热器供电,保证溶液的热稳定性,并为辅助的电子和电气设备供电,开发和研究了一种基于高频磁放大器的血液透析机多通道供电和控制系统。给出了基于高频磁放大器的功率开关与晶体管开关相比的优点,包括在可控电源结构方面的优点。介绍了高频磁放大器稳压器的工作原理。给出了理论和实验示波图。提供了实验装置的照片以及血液透析机的多通道电源和控制系统的工业样品。给出了它们的主要技术特点。对所进行的工作进行了总结。进行透析液的再生可显着降低其成本- 2升溶液,适用于使用6个月,足以用于设备的操作。现有的血液透析机是一种固定的开放式系统,使用一次性透析溶液,速率高达35升/小时,这将机器与固定的临床条件联系在一起。引入对透析液中尿素浓度的反馈,可以使血液净化过程自动化,并在必要的时间自动完成血液透析,同时也消除了设备对医院条件的依赖。
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引用次数: 0
NEW SURFACE REFLECTANCE MODEL WITH THE COMBINATION OF TWO CUBIC FUNCTIONS USAGE 结合两个三次函数的新表面反射率模型的应用
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5327
Oleksandr Romanyuk, Yevhen Zavalniuk, Sergii Pavlov, Roman Chekhmestruk, Bondarenko Bondarenko, Tetiana Koval, Aliya Kalizhanova, Aigul Iskakova
In the article the model of light reflection based on the combination of two cubic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions is developed. The main components of color and the main requirements for reproducing the object`s glares are analyzed. The usage characteristics of Cook-Torrance, Bagher, Oren-Nayar, coupled Shirley reflection models are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the highly productive Blinn-Phong model are considered. The necessity of approximating the Blinn-Phong model by a function of low degree is justified. The characteristics of the cubic polynomial approximation of the Blinn-Phong model are determined. It was established that the main drawback of this approximation is a significant deviation of the function from the reference function in the glare’s attenuation zone. The combined function that combines two cubic functions is proposed. The first cubic function reproduces the glare’s epicenter, and the second replaces the specified function in the attenuation zone. A system of equations for calculating the coefficients of the second function was created. The formula for the connection point of two cubic functions is obtained. A graph of the developed combined model based on cubic functions is obtained. For the combined and original cubic functions a comparison of the maximum relative errors in the glare’s epicenter zone, the maximum absolute errors, and the relative errors at the inflection point was made. A three-dimensional plot of the absolute error of the combined cubic model from the Blinn-Phong model depending on the shininess and the angle value is built. Visualization results based on the combined and the original cubic functions are compared. It is confirmed that the proposed reflection model increases the realism of glare formation in the attenuation zone. The resulting combined reflection model provides a highly accurate approximation of the Blinn-Phong model and is highly efficient because the third power function is used.
本文建立了基于两个三次双向反射分布函数组合的光反射模型。分析了颜色的主要成分和再现物体眩光的主要要求。介绍了Cook-Torrance、Bagher、Oren-Nayar、耦合Shirley反射模型的使用特点。考虑了高效率的Blinn-Phong模型的优点和缺点。证明了用低次函数逼近Blinn-Phong模型的必要性。确定了Blinn-Phong模型的三次多项式近似的特性。可以确定的是,这种近似的主要缺点是在眩光的衰减区,函数与参考函数的显著偏差。提出了两个三次函数的组合函数。第一个三次函数再现了眩光的震中,第二个三次函数取代了衰减区内的指定函数。建立了计算第二个函数系数的方程组。得到了两个三次函数连接点的计算公式。给出了基于三次函数的组合模型图。对合并后的三次函数和原始三次函数比较了强光震源区的最大相对误差、最大绝对误差和拐点处的相对误差。建立了与Blinn-Phong模型相结合的三次模型的绝对误差随亮度和角度值变化的三维图。比较了基于组合三次函数和原始三次函数的可视化结果。验证了所提出的反射模型提高了衰减区眩光形成的真实感。由此产生的组合反射模型提供了Blinn-Phong模型的高精度近似,并且由于使用了三次方函数,因此效率很高。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING EMPLOYEE RATINGS 开发一个预测员工评分的软件系统
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.3723
Gulnar Balakayeva, Dauren Darkenbayev, Mukhit Zhanuzakov
The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of enterprises and developing a system for assessing the rating of employees of an enterprise. Aspects of motivation for compliance with standards by employees and structural divisions are also considered; they were studied because employees are the main driving force of any enterprise. In order to properly evaluate it, many companies need rating systems. In this article, the authors conducted a study and developed a software package for assessing employees of an enterprise. This article describes how to develop a ranking prediction system. MongoDB is used as a database, as the fastest way to innovate, providing the flexibility and ease of use of a database.
本文论述了如何提高企业效率,开发企业员工评价系统的问题。还考虑了员工和结构部门遵守标准的动机方面;他们之所以被研究,是因为员工是任何企业的主要驱动力。为了正确地评估它,许多公司需要评级系统。在本文中,作者进行了一项研究,并开发了一个用于评估企业员工的软件包。本文描述了如何开发一个排名预测系统。MongoDB被用作数据库,作为最快的创新方式,提供了数据库的灵活性和易用性。
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引用次数: 0
VALIDATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAD PHANTOM FOR IMAGING DATA 三维头部幻影成像数据验证
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.3663
Jolanta Podolszańska
This paper presents the research results on the design of a three-dimensional head phantom for cone beam projection. The head model is based on a Shepp-Logan mathematical head model, which is used to simulate the operation of the CT scanner. The model is then compared with the reference data for structural similarity, reasoning, and shape. The geometric parameters of the obtained images are investigated. The reconstructed image is analyzed using the FDK method. The results show that the geometric parameters directly correlate with the number of projections. A mathematical framework of cone beam 3d reconstruction via the first derivative of the radon transform is presented.
本文介绍了用于锥束投影的三维头影的设计研究成果。头部模型基于Shepp-Logan数学头部模型,该模型用于模拟CT扫描仪的操作。然后将模型与参考数据进行结构相似性、推理和形状的比较。研究了所得图像的几何参数。利用FDK方法对重构图像进行分析。结果表明,几何参数与投影数直接相关。提出了一种利用radon变换的一阶导数进行锥形梁三维重建的数学框架。
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引用次数: 0
SEGMENTATION OF CANCER MASSES ON BREAST ULTRASOUND IMAGES USING MODIFIED U-NET 基于改进u-net的乳腺超声图像癌块分割
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5319
Ihssane Khallassi, My Hachem El Yousfi Alaoui, Abdelilah Jilbab
Breast cancer causes a huge number of women’s deaths every year. The accurate localization of a breast lesion is a crucial stage. The segmentation of breast ultrasound images participates in the improvement of the process of detection of breast anomalies. An automatic approach of segmentation of breast ultrasound images is presented in this paper, the proposed model is a modified u-net called Attention Residual U-net, designed to help radiologists in their clinical examination to determine adequately the limitation of breast tumors. Attention Residual U-net is a combination of existing models (Convolutional Neural Network U-net, the Attention Gate Mechanism and the Residual Neural Network). Public breast ultrasound images dataset of Baheya hospital in Egypt is used in this work. Dice coefficient, Jaccard index and Accuracy are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model on the test set. Attention residual u-net can significantly give a dice coefficient = 90%, Jaccard index = 76% and Accuracy = 90%. The proposed model is compared with two other breast segmentation methods on the same dataset. The results show that the modified U-net model was able to achieve accurate segmentation of breast lesions in breast ultrasound images.
乳腺癌每年导致大量妇女死亡。乳腺病变的准确定位是至关重要的一步。乳房超声图像的分割参与了乳房异常检测过程的改进。本文提出了一种乳腺超声图像的自动分割方法,该模型是一种改进的u-net模型,称为注意残留u-net模型,旨在帮助放射科医生在临床检查中充分确定乳腺肿瘤的局限性。注意残差U-net是现有模型(卷积神经网络U-net、注意门机制和残差神经网络)的组合。在这项工作中使用了埃及Baheya医院的公共乳房超声图像数据集。使用骰子系数、Jaccard指数和准确率来评估该模型在测试集上的性能。注意剩余u-net可以显著地给出骰子系数= 90%,Jaccard指数= 76%和准确率= 90%。将该模型与同一数据集上的其他两种乳房分割方法进行了比较。结果表明,改进的U-net模型能够实现乳腺超声图像中乳腺病变的准确分割。
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引用次数: 0
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER PROCESSING OF RELAXATION PROCESSES INVESTIGATION DATA USING EXTENDED EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 利用扩展指数函数实现松弛过程调查数据的计算机处理
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5334
Andrey Lozovskyi, Alexander Lyashkov, Igor Gomilko, Alexander Tonkoshkur
The object of research is the development of a specialized measuring information system for the study and control of relaxation processes in materials and technical systems. The purpose of the work is the use of computer technologies to eliminate routine operations associated with the processing of experimental data, increase the speed, accuracy and information content of the process of studying the control of gas sensors. A variant of using computer data processing to automate the processing and primary analysis of experimental data of scientific research and control of the physicochemical parameters of gas-sensitive materials is proposed. The developed computer data processing system provides a practical opportunity to use the measurements of the kinetic characteristics of the gas sensitivity of gas sensors for their experimental research and control and, thus, to achieve higher accuracy and information content. The testing of the developed information-measuring system confirmed its operability and compliance with the requirements for improving the accuracy and speed of the processing process.
研究的目的是开发一种专门的测量信息系统,用于研究和控制材料和技术系统中的松弛过程。本工作的目的是利用计算机技术消除与实验数据处理相关的常规操作,提高研究气体传感器控制过程的速度、准确性和信息量。提出了一种利用计算机数据处理实现科研实验数据自动化处理和初步分析以及气敏材料理化参数控制的方法。所开发的计算机数据处理系统为利用气体传感器的气敏动力学特性的测量进行实验研究和控制提供了实际的机会,从而达到更高的精度和信息量。所开发的信息测量系统经过测试,验证了其可操作性,符合提高处理过程精度和速度的要求。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONCEPT OF ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR COMBUSTION ENGINE IN HYBRID TANDEM 内燃机电子控制单元的概念
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.35784/iapgos.5331
Tomasz Zyska, Marcin Powązka, Bartłomiej Forysiuk
The article presents the concept of a hybrid propulsion unit for ultralight aircraft. A combustion unit and an electric motor/generator were presented. As part of the research, a dedicated combustion engine controller and a two-way converter for energy conversion were built. The prototype drive unit was installed on a test stand and its initial characteristics were determined. The results of research and conclusions related to the construction of a hybrid drive unit are presented.
本文提出了一种用于超轻型飞机的混合动力推进装置的概念。介绍了一种燃烧装置和一种电动机/发电机。作为研究的一部分,建立了一个专用的内燃机控制器和一个用于能量转换的双向转换器。将原型驱动装置安装在试验台上,确定了其初始特性。给出了有关混合动力传动装置结构的研究结果和结论。
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引用次数: 0
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Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Srodowiska
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