Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)020
Natalia Ioana Foltean
Financial reporting aims to provide financial and economic information about a company, which is useful for internal and external users, in order to provide the basis for business decisions. The business area needs to pay close attention to the information in financial reporting, whether it belongs to the entity’s internal environment or the external environment, to use the information as efficiently as possible. Financial information most frequently is used through the analysis conducted on indicators calculated with the help of the summary and reporting documents for the financial year. This paper aims to analyze the main factors that make a significant contribution to the relevance of financial information. To achieve our target, we have carried out an empirical analysis of panel data on a sample of five pharmaceutical companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The period considered was five years, since financial years were included in this period, which had been conducted under similar conditions, but also surprised a financial year in which most of the areas of activity suffered. The data were collected based on the companies’ annual financial reports. The present study confirms that both the net income and the comprehensive income of the year have a substantial impact on the relevance of the financial accounting information. In addition, according to the present study, the main drivers of the relevance of financial information are ROE (Return on equity), ROA (Return on assets), profit margin rate, and LEV (leverage).
{"title":"EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION RELEVANCE OF ROMANIAN LISTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES","authors":"Natalia Ioana Foltean","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)020","url":null,"abstract":"Financial reporting aims to provide financial and economic information about a company, which is useful for internal and external users, in order to provide the basis for business decisions. The business area needs to pay close attention to the information in financial reporting, whether it belongs to the entity’s internal environment or the external environment, to use the information as efficiently as possible. Financial information most frequently is used through the analysis conducted on indicators calculated with the help of the summary and reporting documents for the financial year. This paper aims to analyze the main factors that make a significant contribution to the relevance of financial information. To achieve our target, we have carried out an empirical analysis of panel data on a sample of five pharmaceutical companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The period considered was five years, since financial years were included in this period, which had been conducted under similar conditions, but also surprised a financial year in which most of the areas of activity suffered. The data were collected based on the companies’ annual financial reports. The present study confirms that both the net income and the comprehensive income of the year have a substantial impact on the relevance of the financial accounting information. In addition, according to the present study, the main drivers of the relevance of financial information are ROE (Return on equity), ROA (Return on assets), profit margin rate, and LEV (leverage).","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81041350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)013
Mihaela Tudorica
The aim of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of OTA’s (Online Tourism Agencies). Many travelers today prefer OTA’s to look for advantageous tour packages and especially to make their reservations. They can make these reservations not only for accommodation but also for flights, excursions and why not, for other trips. OTA’s is an important component for a successful strategy, for all tour operators skilled in business. This way it helps them to reach more passengers and implicitly to make more reservations. But let’s not forget that paying a commission for each booking, it should balance the pros and cons. Due to intense competition, OTA is trying to remain financially sustainable. For this, however, it needs to involve its customers more, of course offering them superior value propositions. For this, however, a thorough understanding of consumption values is needed. The role of OTA’s is becoming more and more important due to the ease of customers to compose a trip from the comfort of their home where they can also compare hotel prices and booking the choice on the Internet. An OTA’s agency organizes and sells accommodation, excursions and transportation to customers. It also organizes trips on an online platform for travelers. These OTAs are third parties that sell services on behalf of other companies. As a rule, these OTA’s offer many benefits. They have more comfort and a more self-serving approach. They also include a built-in booking system with which you can make instant bookings. OTA’s works in two models: Merchant model and Agency model. Merchant model is the model in which hotels sell rooms to OTA’s at a reduced or wholesale price. OTA’s then sells them to customers at a markup price. Agency model is the commission-based model in which OTA’s acts as a distribution partner. OTA’s receives full commission after the stay, and the hotel receives payment directly from the last customer and does not wait for the transfer of payment from third parties.
{"title":"THE EXPANSION OF OTA’s: BENEFITS AND RISKS","authors":"Mihaela Tudorica","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)013","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of OTA’s (Online Tourism Agencies). Many travelers today prefer OTA’s to look for advantageous tour packages and especially to make their reservations. They can make these reservations not only for accommodation but also for flights, excursions and why not, for other trips. OTA’s is an important component for a successful strategy, for all tour operators skilled in business. This way it helps them to reach more passengers and implicitly to make more reservations. But let’s not forget that paying a commission for each booking, it should balance the pros and cons. Due to intense competition, OTA is trying to remain financially sustainable. For this, however, it needs to involve its customers more, of course offering them superior value propositions. For this, however, a thorough understanding of consumption values is needed. The role of OTA’s is becoming more and more important due to the ease of customers to compose a trip from the comfort of their home where they can also compare hotel prices and booking the choice on the Internet. An OTA’s agency organizes and sells accommodation, excursions and transportation to customers. It also organizes trips on an online platform for travelers. These OTAs are third parties that sell services on behalf of other companies. As a rule, these OTA’s offer many benefits. They have more comfort and a more self-serving approach. They also include a built-in booking system with which you can make instant bookings. OTA’s works in two models: Merchant model and Agency model. Merchant model is the model in which hotels sell rooms to OTA’s at a reduced or wholesale price. OTA’s then sells them to customers at a markup price. Agency model is the commission-based model in which OTA’s acts as a distribution partner. OTA’s receives full commission after the stay, and the hotel receives payment directly from the last customer and does not wait for the transfer of payment from third parties.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75253004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)012
T. Saveanu, S. Săveanu
This paper investigates the forms, areas and orientations of social responsibility (SR) within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bihor County, Romania. Acknowledging the particularities of SMEs involvement in social and environmental actions, we investigate both the practices and orientations of these firms from our region in SR. Our study, based on the responses of 52 owner-managers of SMEs, reveals interest towards SR practices, yet a limited visibility of such actions. The orientations towards SR can be grouped, based on strategic orientation scale, on three distinct directions: one related to primary stakeholders (law included), one to sustainability issues and one regarding to society. The impact of these orientations on practices still need to be investigated on larger samples.
{"title":"SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AND ORIENTATIONS OF ROMANIAN SMES – CASE STUDY IN BIHOR COUNTY","authors":"T. Saveanu, S. Săveanu","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the forms, areas and orientations of social responsibility (SR) within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bihor County, Romania. Acknowledging the particularities of SMEs involvement in social and environmental actions, we investigate both the practices and orientations of these firms from our region in SR. Our study, based on the responses of 52 owner-managers of SMEs, reveals interest towards SR practices, yet a limited visibility of such actions. The orientations towards SR can be grouped, based on strategic orientation scale, on three distinct directions: one related to primary stakeholders (law included), one to sustainability issues and one regarding to society. The impact of these orientations on practices still need to be investigated on larger samples.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84983323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)011
Paul Marian Ruge
The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of some relevant indicators regarding the labor force over the past 10 years that correspond to the accommodation and food service sector. Also, to underpin the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment part of this area. It would be a comparative study of the countries mentioned that could shed some light on which countries managed to maintain better control regarding the pandemic impact in accommodation and food service activities. So, a first objective is to obtain a measurement of the impact of pandemic in this area in 2020. Some other objectives are to find out which country has a better annual productivity per employee. Another one, related to in which country are the most employees in this area and what are the percentages of employees from this sector in the whole economy of these 3 cases. Last but not least what could be in terms of the perspective over the next few years. In terms of the methodology used, the Google Scholar platform would be used as the main source for the literature research, while the websites of the national institutions on statistical data for each country would be used for the empirical study.
{"title":"EMPLOYMENT IN ACCOMODATION AND FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES. COMPARISON BETWEEN ROMANIA, BULGARIA AND HUNGARY","authors":"Paul Marian Ruge","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of some relevant indicators regarding the labor force over the past 10 years that correspond to the accommodation and food service sector. Also, to underpin the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment part of this area. It would be a comparative study of the countries mentioned that could shed some light on which countries managed to maintain better control regarding the pandemic impact in accommodation and food service activities. So, a first objective is to obtain a measurement of the impact of pandemic in this area in 2020. Some other objectives are to find out which country has a better annual productivity per employee. Another one, related to in which country are the most employees in this area and what are the percentages of employees from this sector in the whole economy of these 3 cases. Last but not least what could be in terms of the perspective over the next few years. In terms of the methodology used, the Google Scholar platform would be used as the main source for the literature research, while the websites of the national institutions on statistical data for each country would be used for the empirical study.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73363748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)015
Fuad Bahramov
The traditional and fundamental method for states to make revenues is collection of taxes and many countries still have challenges which make them struggle to implement the collection of taxes and fees. Political factors and administrative restrictions should be considered as examples for these challenges. The purpose of research is evaluation of selected European tax systems by statistical data such as tax revenues and unemployment rate due to find out which system is more effective and efficient in tax collection and define insufficiencies and the possible solutions that can increase tax burden and establish desired tax administrations. The performance of tax systems depends on several factors such as the reforms in taxation, structure and development of economy, social and political growth, extent of tax base. Tax revenue is one of important source for government revenue which directly affect the economy of state. The governments have to create the less complicated tax systems which can cause to make competitive location for launching new business and attraction of investments. Because more complicated systems increases the probability of tax evasions, tax avoidance and corruption which lead to lessen the interests for new investments. Modern states need an effective, efficient and optimal management for achieving maximum level in tax compliance because increase of tax revenues can affect and rise in a huge manner the strengthening and establishment of the legitimacy of country. Building the effective system takes time and problems in tax collections, tax avoidance and frauds cause the taxation as a topic to be actual in each decade. The research has both empirical and theoretical sections and the empirical part contains mostly the quantitative analysis.
{"title":"THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROMANIAN AND FRENCH TAX SYSTEMS","authors":"Fuad Bahramov","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)015","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional and fundamental method for states to make revenues is collection of taxes and many countries still have challenges which make them struggle to implement the collection of taxes and fees. Political factors and administrative restrictions should be considered as examples for these challenges. The purpose of research is evaluation of selected European tax systems by statistical data such as tax revenues and unemployment rate due to find out which system is more effective and efficient in tax collection and define insufficiencies and the possible solutions that can increase tax burden and establish desired tax administrations. The performance of tax systems depends on several factors such as the reforms in taxation, structure and development of economy, social and political growth, extent of tax base. Tax revenue is one of important source for government revenue which directly affect the economy of state. The governments have to create the less complicated tax systems which can cause to make competitive location for launching new business and attraction of investments. Because more complicated systems increases the probability of tax evasions, tax avoidance and corruption which lead to lessen the interests for new investments. Modern states need an effective, efficient and optimal management for achieving maximum level in tax compliance because increase of tax revenues can affect and rise in a huge manner the strengthening and establishment of the legitimacy of country. Building the effective system takes time and problems in tax collections, tax avoidance and frauds cause the taxation as a topic to be actual in each decade. The research has both empirical and theoretical sections and the empirical part contains mostly the quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89708800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes30(2)038
M. Bucurean
The study on working from home has received growing interest from researchers over the last year, when the coronavirus pandemic turned many people into remote workers overnight. Romanians used teleworking much less than other Europeans before the pandemic, but now that they have been forced to work from home, their numbers have increased. Nevertheless, the crisis caused by the pandemic accelerates teleworking and reduces the digital differences between European countries. In Romania, many of the employees who work from home today have never had this experience before. They started this way of working without any prior training or preparation. The current study aims to find how working from home has evolved in terms of productivity in the last year, how employees’ perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages have changed, but also which are the long-term consequences of working from home. For this purpose, we analyzed the answers received after administering a questionnaire to the employees from three private companies in Bihor county at the beginning of the pandemic and a year later. The final results indicate a significant difference in how employees perceive this way of working after a year. If at the beginning of the pandemic the results indicated a negative effect of working from home on productivity, now, after a year, the results indicated a positive effect. Their answers referring to the advantages and challenges of working from home have changed after a year’s experience of working from home. While the main benefits have remained the same, the biggest challenges have changed.
{"title":"WORKING FROM HOME – A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC PERIOD AND A YEAR LATER","authors":"M. Bucurean","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes30(2)038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)038","url":null,"abstract":"The study on working from home has received growing interest from researchers over the last year, when the coronavirus pandemic turned many people into remote workers overnight. Romanians used teleworking much less than other Europeans before the pandemic, but now that they have been forced to work from home, their numbers have increased. Nevertheless, the crisis caused by the pandemic accelerates teleworking and reduces the digital differences between European countries. In Romania, many of the employees who work from home today have never had this experience before. They started this way of working without any prior training or preparation. The current study aims to find how working from home has evolved in terms of productivity in the last year, how employees’ perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages have changed, but also which are the long-term consequences of working from home. For this purpose, we analyzed the answers received after administering a questionnaire to the employees from three private companies in Bihor county at the beginning of the pandemic and a year later. The final results indicate a significant difference in how employees perceive this way of working after a year. If at the beginning of the pandemic the results indicated a negative effect of working from home on productivity, now, after a year, the results indicated a positive effect. Their answers referring to the advantages and challenges of working from home have changed after a year’s experience of working from home. While the main benefits have remained the same, the biggest challenges have changed.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76273909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes30(2)032
Saleh Jawarneh
This paper meticulously studies the main differences between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements focusing on the balance sheet and income statement more than the cash flow statement. A real-life case study (of a company called Hydro) approach was applied to see the effect of using on the system over the other by numbers, and how far applying one system affect the result of each financial statement, the case study shows a practical conversion of US GAAP results to IFRS and how each system lists the financial statements next to each other. There are multiple similarities between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements, but there are some differences that affect what financial information is presented, how it is presented, and where it is presented. For example, regarding financial statement presentation, cosmetic differences include the use of the accounting equation (A=L+SE) compared to (A-SE=L), terminology, and order of liquidity. The study is solely based on secondary data collected from different reliable sources like Ernst and Young. The findings of this research indicate that there are some notable differences between US GAAP and IFRS in financial statement presentation, but they are not significant. Finally, bringing together both systems increase the comparability of accounting practices and results to investors, greater investor desire for cross-regional investment, lower capital cost, more efficient resource allocation; And even higher economic growth not only for companies and institutions but also for government, which can be done by setting limits on how much they can vary.
{"title":"THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IFRS AND US GAAP IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION","authors":"Saleh Jawarneh","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes30(2)032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper meticulously studies the main differences between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements focusing on the balance sheet and income statement more than the cash flow statement. A real-life case study (of a company called Hydro) approach was applied to see the effect of using on the system over the other by numbers, and how far applying one system affect the result of each financial statement, the case study shows a practical conversion of US GAAP results to IFRS and how each system lists the financial statements next to each other. There are multiple similarities between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements, but there are some differences that affect what financial information is presented, how it is presented, and where it is presented. For example, regarding financial statement presentation, cosmetic differences include the use of the accounting equation (A=L+SE) compared to (A-SE=L), terminology, and order of liquidity. The study is solely based on secondary data collected from different reliable sources like Ernst and Young. The findings of this research indicate that there are some notable differences between US GAAP and IFRS in financial statement presentation, but they are not significant. Finally, bringing together both systems increase the comparability of accounting practices and results to investors, greater investor desire for cross-regional investment, lower capital cost, more efficient resource allocation; And even higher economic growth not only for companies and institutions but also for government, which can be done by setting limits on how much they can vary.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77512581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes30(2)009
M. Faur
The dynamic of the contemporary society has determined the implementation of the technology in all areas of activity. The tourism sector has answered the new challenges by offering some alternatives aimed at ensuring the increase of the tourism destinations competitiveness: using ICT to collect data, information about tourists, using new technologies in order to increase tourists’ satisfaction and locals’ welfare; the interconnectivity of the interested parties (authorities, tourism service providers, tourists, locals) through digital platforms; offering a unique experience, customized services to tourists using ICT, increasing the degree of competitiveness of the tourism destinations and their sustainable development with the help of new technologies; the innovation offered by ICT as differentiation element of the tourism offers of a destination. Thus, the smart tourism destination represents an approach centred on capitalizing the advantages offered by ICT contributing to the increase of competitiveness and sustainability of tourism destinations. The purpose of this paper is to present different approaches of the smart tourism destination.
{"title":"SMART TOURISM DESTINATION","authors":"M. Faur","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes30(2)009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)009","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic of the contemporary society has determined the implementation of the technology in all areas of activity. The tourism sector has answered the new challenges by offering some alternatives aimed at ensuring the increase of the tourism destinations competitiveness: using ICT to collect data, information about tourists, using new technologies in order to increase tourists’ satisfaction and locals’ welfare; the interconnectivity of the interested parties (authorities, tourism service providers, tourists, locals) through digital platforms; offering a unique experience, customized services to tourists using ICT, increasing the degree of competitiveness of the tourism destinations and their sustainable development with the help of new technologies; the innovation offered by ICT as differentiation element of the tourism offers of a destination. Thus, the smart tourism destination represents an approach centred on capitalizing the advantages offered by ICT contributing to the increase of competitiveness and sustainability of tourism destinations. The purpose of this paper is to present different approaches of the smart tourism destination.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72840390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes30(2)015
József Gönczi
SMEs represent a large share of the enterprises on the national and EU level. This article proposes to examine the applicability of CSR policies for SMEs. SMEs differ from large enterprises in many aspects of their financing, functioning, culture and relationship with shareholders and stakeholders. SME social responsibility practices cannot solely be judged by the same measure as the CSR practices of large enterprises due to the inherently different nature of the different sized enterprises.
{"title":"FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF SMES","authors":"József Gönczi","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes30(2)015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)015","url":null,"abstract":"SMEs represent a large share of the enterprises on the national and EU level. This article proposes to examine the applicability of CSR policies for SMEs. SMEs differ from large enterprises in many aspects of their financing, functioning, culture and relationship with shareholders and stakeholders. SME social responsibility practices cannot solely be judged by the same measure as the CSR practices of large enterprises due to the inherently different nature of the different sized enterprises.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80111418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes30(2)050
I. Horea, Cristina-Laura Abrudan
In many universities around the world, the current pandemic situation confined the academic process to online interactions alone, with no physical presence in a class, the ‘face-to-face’ classes being held by means of applications or programs that provide video conferences facilities. Besides these tools for live communication, most universities – among which ours, as well – have started to make extensive use of the e-learning Moodle platform. Especially designed for the distance learning form of education, the Moodle platform has previously been used in our university mostly by the teachers involved in the distance learning form, particularly for the purpose of providing the distance learning students with study materials and other resources of interest for the subject – through the resources uploaded on the pages of the discipline -, for communication – by means of forums and chat rooms -, and for enabling a few tests and assignments along the semester. Now, with everything going online, the vast range of facilities this application offers has come to be discovered by all academics involved in the instruction process. In both synchronous and asynchronous activities organised by means of the platform, the user will find useful a series of facilities offered by the platform. Among these, the current study will refer to several diverse possibilities of using the activities of Assignment and Test for the classes of English for Business, with a series of examples of exercises that were created by means of these Moodle tools. The regular file upload assignment in which the student were instructed what to prepare, compose or solve, and upload at the specific button has now, with experience, ‘grown’ obsolete, more interesting online text types of assignment being preferred, such as video or audio records, texts written directly online in the applications or others types following templates and using materials posted. As for the tests, besides the basic types – more straightforward and easy to create – such as: multiple choice drills, matching, true / false, short answers, or drag and drop, there will be exemplifications of the embedded answers (cloze) type, which requires audacity and willingness from the teacher to put in more effort to prepare and self-instruct on how to use and enter special codes in order to create complex exercises. Needs teach us and eventually the results prove indeed rewarding and worth the effort.
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