{"title":"The potential of earthworms in soil carbon storage: a review","authors":"","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outbreaks of Acanthaster planci are one of the major contributors to coral reef degradation, particularly in Indo-Pacific region. Correct assessment of its impact on coral reef ecosystems requires an understanding to its biology and ecology. This present study was conducted to determine the abundance, size structure and preyed corals of A. planci in Lungui Island, Dimataling, Southern Philippines. Four replicates of 50 × 4 m belt transects were laid in each of three sampling stations. A total of 112 A. planci individuals were recorded, whose body sizes varied significantly between the three stations (H = 3.401; p = 0.0180 at α = 0.05) ranging from 120 to 270 mm. All detected A. planci individuals were observed foraging on corals. Five preyed coral genera were identified through morphology-based identification, where Pocillopora was the most preyed coral genus, foraged by 28.57% of total A. planci individuals. Although the number of A. planci individuals in Lungui Island has not reached the outbreak threshold level, its presence in the area should not be overlooked. In fact, this raises a need for continuous monitoring of its population level in these local reef areas of the coastal waters of Dimataling, Southern Philippines.
{"title":"Size structure and preyed corals of Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns sea star) in Lungui Island, Dimataling, Southern Philippines","authors":"Ranjiv D. Alibon, G. Madjos","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.13","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreaks of Acanthaster planci are one of the major contributors to coral reef degradation, particularly in Indo-Pacific region. Correct assessment of its impact on coral reef ecosystems requires an understanding to its biology and ecology. This present study was conducted to determine the abundance, size structure and preyed corals of A. planci in Lungui Island, Dimataling, Southern Philippines. Four replicates of 50 × 4 m belt transects were laid in each of three sampling stations. A total of 112 A. planci individuals were recorded, whose body sizes varied significantly between the three stations (H = 3.401; p = 0.0180 at α = 0.05) ranging from 120 to 270 mm. All detected A. planci individuals were observed foraging on corals. Five preyed coral genera were identified through morphology-based identification, where Pocillopora was the most preyed coral genus, foraged by 28.57% of total A. planci individuals. Although the number of A. planci individuals in Lungui Island has not reached the outbreak threshold level, its presence in the area should not be overlooked. In fact, this raises a need for continuous monitoring of its population level in these local reef areas of the coastal waters of Dimataling, Southern Philippines.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45642110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coastal plant species as electrolytophytes: effect of NaCl and light intensity on accumulation characteristics of Atriplex glabriuscula from coastal drift lines","authors":"","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47553117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aim was assessment of physicochemical characteristics along with the microbial diversity of samples of water collected from three important thermal springs of Uttarakhand state in India for two continuous years (2015 – 2016) with two samples taken each year. Some parameters were assessed at the sampling sites and the others in the laboratory. Microbial diversity was explored by using morphological, biochemical, MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and molecular approaches. The α-diversity of Gauri Kund was 24 with 14 strains of bacteria, five strains of actinomycetes and five strains of fungi. The α-diversity of Gangnani Kund was 22 with 10 strains of bacteria, five strains of actinomycetes and seven strains of fungi. The α-diversity of Tapovan Kund was 18 with eight strains of bacteria, four strains of actinomycetes and six strains of fungi. The current study can be a good reference for further similar studies. The available data will also help to understand the reasons behind the curative properties of these hot water springs. It also helps the government and local administration to take preventive measures for the conservation and management of these hot water springs..
{"title":"Thermophilic microbial diversity and physicochemical attributes of thermal springs in the Garhwal Himalaya","authors":"Rahul Kumar, V. Kirti, R. Sharma","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study aim was assessment of physicochemical characteristics along with the microbial diversity of samples of water collected from three important thermal springs of Uttarakhand state in India for two continuous years (2015 – 2016) with two samples taken each year. Some parameters were assessed at the sampling sites and the others in the laboratory. Microbial diversity was explored by using morphological, biochemical, MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and molecular approaches. The α-diversity of Gauri Kund was 24 with 14 strains of bacteria, five strains of actinomycetes and five strains of fungi. The α-diversity of Gangnani Kund was 22 with 10 strains of bacteria, five strains of actinomycetes and seven strains of fungi. The α-diversity of Tapovan Kund was 18 with eight strains of bacteria, four strains of actinomycetes and six strains of fungi. The current study can be a good reference for further similar studies. The available data will also help to understand the reasons behind the curative properties of these hot water springs. It also helps the government and local administration to take preventive measures for the conservation and management of these hot water springs..","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The terrestrial snail species Xerolenta obvia (Menke) has colonized dry, steppe-like habitats that have been created as a result of human activities in many countries outside the natural range of this species. In Latvia, this species was first recorded in 1989 in Liepāja. Observations in recent years in Liepāja have shown that snails from their initial introduction sites on the railway have also spread to the sand dune habitats within the city limits. Given that there are no snails in dune habitats that are biologically equivalent to X. obvia, this species is considered to be potentially invasive. As the distribution trends of this species in Liepāja indicate a possible threat to dry habitats in natural areas, detailed study of the species was conducted for the population of this species located in Dobele. Monitoring was performed from May 26 to August 5, 2019, carrying out 11 surveys with one week interval using the capture and re-capture method. The maximum recorded distance travelled by of one snail was 29.7 m; the calculated minimum estimated population density was 170 individuals and the maximum was 2004 individuals.
{"title":"Using the Jolly-Seber model to characterise Xerolenta obvia (Gastropoda: Geomitridae) population","authors":"Beāte Cehanoviča, A. Stalažs","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.08","url":null,"abstract":"The terrestrial snail species Xerolenta obvia (Menke) has colonized dry, steppe-like habitats that have been created as a result of human activities in many countries outside the natural range of this species. In Latvia, this species was first recorded in 1989 in Liepāja. Observations in recent years in Liepāja have shown that snails from their initial introduction sites on the railway have also spread to the sand dune habitats within the city limits. Given that there are no snails in dune habitats that are biologically equivalent to X. obvia, this species is considered to be potentially invasive. As the distribution trends of this species in Liepāja indicate a possible threat to dry habitats in natural areas, detailed study of the species was conducted for the population of this species located in Dobele. Monitoring was performed from May 26 to August 5, 2019, carrying out 11 surveys with one week interval using the capture and re-capture method. The maximum recorded distance travelled by of one snail was 29.7 m; the calculated minimum estimated population density was 170 individuals and the maximum was 2004 individuals.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47502532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilāts V. Mammals on map – preliminary results for the development of European Atlas of mammals and regional Red List of threatened species Orlovskis Z., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Medicago truncatula – model for studyng intra-plant and inter-plant signals during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Cvetkova S., Šteingolde Ž., Streikiša M., Avsejenko J., Valciņa O., Bērziņš A. Genetic characterization of Brucella suis bv. 2 isolates from hunted wild boars from the eastern part of Latvia in 2015 – 2016 Boikmanis G., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J. A pilot study of the metagenome of dairy cows milk Purmale L., Shvirksts K., Korica A. Attempts to establish Actaea racemosa ‘Brunette’ in in vitro culture
Pilot V.地图上的哺乳动物——开发欧洲哺乳动物图谱和区域濒危物种红色名录的初步结果Orlovskis Z.、Kotova A.、Pugačevskis D.、Voroņins E。Jae Lee S.Medicago truncatula–研究丛枝菌根定殖过程中植物内和植物间信号的模型Grantiņa-Ievi 326a L.，Kibilds J.，Cvetkova S.，Šteingolde J.，J。Streikiša M.，Avsejenko J.，Valciņa O.，Bırziņ
{"title":"Abstracts of the 78th Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia","authors":"V. Pilāts","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.05","url":null,"abstract":"Pilāts V. Mammals on map – preliminary results for the development of European Atlas of mammals and regional Red List of threatened species\u0000Orlovskis Z., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Medicago truncatula – model for studyng intra-plant and inter-plant signals during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation\u0000Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Cvetkova S., Šteingolde Ž., Streikiša M., Avsejenko J., Valciņa O., Bērziņš A. Genetic characterization of Brucella suis bv. 2 isolates from hunted wild boars from the eastern part of Latvia in 2015 – 2016\u0000Boikmanis G., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J. A pilot study of the metagenome of dairy cows milk\u0000Purmale L., Shvirksts K., Korica A. Attempts to establish Actaea racemosa ‘Brunette’ in in vitro culture","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48400135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Western Ghats are among the biodiversity hot spots of India, in which certain regions have been earlier studied for red algal diversity. Keeping this in mind, the Western Ghats and its associated areas were surveyed, which revealed the presence of many fresh water red algae species, including Kumanoa zeylanica from Coorg District of Karnataka State. The alga identified in the present study was earlier reported from the same state but 350 km (north) towards Belagavi, Karnataka. Morphological data of the current specimen showed more than 95% similarity with the species K. zeylanica in cluster analysis. Morphological characters like a distinct centrally inserted carposporophyte and contorted carpogonial branches allowed to categorize the alga under the genus Kumnaoa. Morphological and morphometric data on the carposporophyte, carposporangium, trichogyne, spermatia, and fascicle cells are very similar to that of the K. zeylanica reported by Balakrishnan and Chaugule in 1980.
{"title":"Preliminary studies on Kumanoa zeylanica (Batrachospermales, Batrachospermaceae) reported from the Western Ghats of India","authors":"U. Perumal, R. Sundararaj","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Western Ghats are among the biodiversity hot spots of India, in which certain regions have been earlier studied for red algal diversity. Keeping this in mind, the Western Ghats and its associated areas were surveyed, which revealed the presence of many fresh water red algae species, including Kumanoa zeylanica from Coorg District of Karnataka State. The alga identified in the present study was earlier reported from the same state but 350 km (north) towards Belagavi, Karnataka. Morphological data of the current specimen showed more than 95% similarity with the species K. zeylanica in cluster analysis. Morphological characters like a distinct centrally inserted carposporophyte and contorted carpogonial branches allowed to categorize the alga under the genus Kumnaoa. Morphological and morphometric data on the carposporophyte, carposporangium, trichogyne, spermatia, and fascicle cells are very similar to that of the K. zeylanica reported by Balakrishnan and Chaugule in 1980.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The death of honey bees can happen due to various reasons. It is important to specify the cause of death, in order to recommend the correct treatment option. Dead bees have specific body positions (e.g. extended proboscis, separated wings, extended stingers), which can be described to help in the identification of the death cause. There are no previous evidence on links between body positions of dead bees and death cause. In this study, honey bee workers were exposed to various lethal conditions (low temperature, high temperature, starvation, suffocation, pesticide exposure, and food contamination). Then, the body positions of dead bees exposed to each lethal condition were described in detail. Differences in positions of antenna, proboscis, wings, legs, abdomens, and stingers were detected between dead bees exposed to the tested lethal conditions. These differences are discussed and further studies were then recommended. This study presents the potential use of baseline observations on relationships between the body position of dead bees to stress factors as a mean to predict the cause of death of honey bee workers.
{"title":"Body position of dead honey bee workers could indicate the cause of death","authors":"H. Abou-Shaara","doi":"10.22364/eeb.18.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.03","url":null,"abstract":"The death of honey bees can happen due to various reasons. It is important to specify the cause of death, in order to recommend the correct treatment option. Dead bees have specific body positions (e.g. extended proboscis, separated wings, extended stingers), which can be described to help in the identification of the death cause. There are no previous evidence on links between body positions of dead bees and death cause. In this study, honey bee workers were exposed to various lethal conditions (low temperature, high temperature, starvation, suffocation, pesticide exposure, and food contamination). Then, the body positions of dead bees exposed to each lethal condition were described in detail. Differences in positions of antenna, proboscis, wings, legs, abdomens, and stingers were detected between dead bees exposed to the tested lethal conditions. These differences are discussed and further studies were then recommended. This study presents the potential use of baseline observations on relationships between the body position of dead bees to stress factors as a mean to predict the cause of death of honey bee workers.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meryem Yakoubi, N. Hamini-Kadar, M. Gherib, Abdelilah Amrouche, W. Yezli, S. Benichou, M. Kihal
The aim of the present study was the evaluation of antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) extracted from two medicinal and aromatic plants (Pulicaria mauritanica and Micromeria debilis) as biological treatment for Alternaria spp., a pathogenic mould that causes early blight on tomato plants. EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and antifungal activity was analyzed in vitro using direct contact on agar against ten isolates of Alternaria spp. Extraction yield was 0.30 and 0.045% for P. mauritanica and M. debilis, respectively. Both EOs had inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of all studied isolates. However, the antifungal effect of EO isolated from P. mauritanica was stronger than for that from M. debilis, with 100% inhibition against Alternaria tenuissema (isolates A18 and A57), Alternaria alternata (isolate AT4), Alternaria solani (A37) and Alternaria tomatophila (AT01), when used at 1.1 μL mL–1 concentration. EO from M. debilis had 100% inhibition against isolates A42 and A57 of A. solani and A. tenuissema when used at 1.1 μL mL–1 concentration. The antifungal activity of the EOs might due to the synergic effects of their chemical compounds, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
{"title":"Inhibitory effect of essential oils from Pulicaria mauritanica and Micromeria debilis on growth of Alternaria spp., the causal agent of tomato early blight","authors":"Meryem Yakoubi, N. Hamini-Kadar, M. Gherib, Abdelilah Amrouche, W. Yezli, S. Benichou, M. Kihal","doi":"10.22364/eeb.17.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.17.19","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was the evaluation of antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) extracted from two medicinal and aromatic plants (Pulicaria mauritanica and Micromeria debilis) as biological treatment for Alternaria spp., a pathogenic mould that causes early blight on tomato plants. EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and antifungal activity was analyzed in vitro using direct contact on agar against ten isolates of Alternaria spp. Extraction yield was 0.30 and 0.045% for P. mauritanica and M. debilis, respectively. Both EOs had inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of all studied isolates. However, the antifungal effect of EO isolated from P. mauritanica was stronger than for that from M. debilis, with 100% inhibition against Alternaria tenuissema (isolates A18 and A57), Alternaria alternata (isolate AT4), Alternaria solani (A37) and Alternaria tomatophila (AT01), when used at 1.1 μL mL–1 concentration. EO from M. debilis had 100% inhibition against isolates A42 and A57 of A. solani and A. tenuissema when used at 1.1 μL mL–1 concentration. The antifungal activity of the EOs might due to the synergic effects of their chemical compounds, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49201287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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