This paper attempts to appreciate the work of an ex-priest who now is a Muslim author, Jerald F. Dirks, entitled Abrahamic Faiths. In the context of comparative religion studies, the writer (Kautsar Azhari)asks: is this Dirks’ work a comparison or competition of religions? Kautsar concludes that the work tends to be a competition in between the Abrahamic religions. However, the match was a friendly match. Dirks’ book, even though apologetic and polemical in character, is served in polite way and style, and is a work trying to reconcile between the children of Abraham Keywords: God, theology, monotheism. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.990
{"title":"Perbandingan atau Pertandingan Agama-agama Ibrāhīmī?","authors":"Kautsar Azhari Noer","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I1.990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I1.990","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to appreciate the work of an ex-priest who now is a Muslim author, Jerald F. Dirks, entitled Abrahamic Faiths. In the context of comparative religion studies, the writer (Kautsar Azhari)asks: is this Dirks’ work a comparison or competition of religions? Kautsar concludes that the work tends to be a competition in between the Abrahamic religions. However, the match was a friendly match. Dirks’ book, even though apologetic and polemical in character, is served in polite way and style, and is a work trying to reconcile between the children of Abraham Keywords: God, theology, monotheism. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.990","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67112703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will try to answer some questions about religious pluralism. Does religious pluralism mean to receive the truth of all religions, as expressed by their founders, although of some religious doctrines are contradictory to each other? What kind of the religious pluralism concept that will be able to resolve the problems of conflict based on religion? Are there other options that can be applied in resolving these problems? Keywords: Religion, conflict, pluralism. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.992
{"title":"Mendefinisikan Ulang Pluralisme Agama sebagai Sebuah Tantangan Global","authors":"Gunawan Adnan","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I1.992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I1.992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will try to answer some questions about religious pluralism. Does religious pluralism mean to receive the truth of all religions, as expressed by their founders, although of some religious doctrines are contradictory to each other? What kind of the religious pluralism concept that will be able to resolve the problems of conflict based on religion? Are there other options that can be applied in resolving these problems? Keywords: Religion, conflict, pluralism. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.992","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"35-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67112716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will explain the importance of pluralism, or at least to appreciate inclusivism as understanding and practice of interfaith relations in the global era. Today, to be exclusive or to isolate ourselves in religious views is no longer relevant. Adopting pluralism or inclusivism as religious understanding can be a good theological capital for the enforcing inter-faith dialogues and cooperation, ethical and humanitarian cooperation. Keywords: Exclusive, inclusive, pluralist DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.993
{"title":"Dialog antar Iman dan Kerja Sama Demi Harmoni Bumi","authors":"M. Z. Bahri","doi":"10.15408/ref.v13i1.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v13i1.993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will explain the importance of pluralism, or at least to appreciate inclusivism as understanding and practice of interfaith relations in the global era. Today, to be exclusive or to isolate ourselves in religious views is no longer relevant. Adopting pluralism or inclusivism as religious understanding can be a good theological capital for the enforcing inter-faith dialogues and cooperation, ethical and humanitarian cooperation. Keywords: Exclusive, inclusive, pluralist DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.993","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"61-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67112724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The visualization of the Hell’s Tortures both in Buddhism and in Islam is exactly similar. However, their kind of ‘theological’ tendencies may result different outcome. By comparing the visual narration of the Buddhism and Islamic comic books dealing with hell illustrations, I made an‘imaginary’ dialogue between the concept and visuality of hells tortures that exist in both traditions, and see the impact on how far a sincere dialogue could be achieved in these two religious people. During this comparison, I found that both Buddhism and Islam in Java had ever made such an interesting dialogue. Keywords: Hell tortures, Islam-Buddhism comparison, encounter of Java-Indonesia DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.995
{"title":"A Visual Narration of Hells in Buddhism and Islam","authors":"Ary Budianto","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I1.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I1.995","url":null,"abstract":"The visualization of the Hell’s Tortures both in Buddhism and in Islam is exactly similar. However, their kind of ‘theological’ tendencies may result different outcome. By comparing the visual narration of the Buddhism and Islamic comic books dealing with hell illustrations, I made an‘imaginary’ dialogue between the concept and visuality of hells tortures that exist in both traditions, and see the impact on how far a sincere dialogue could be achieved in these two religious people. During this comparison, I found that both Buddhism and Islam in Java had ever made such an interesting dialogue. Keywords: Hell tortures, Islam-Buddhism comparison, encounter of Java-Indonesia DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i1.995","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67112774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explains the naẓm (structure) position as one of the main aspects of miracles of al-Qur’ān. It explains that although al-Qur’ānis in Arabic, but it does not use the form and composition of models that have been used by the Arabs in their works. Al-Qur’ān performs in different way, not in the form of poetry, rhyme, letter or speech, but in kalām (theword). The article then explains that the way to make sense of this kalām was used as a pioneering theory by ‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī. This theory is then used and applied by al-Alūsī in his commentary book, Rūḥ al-Ma‘ānī. This study shows the importance of the naẓm of al-Qur’ān, in which it becomes specific guidelines for researcher to understand the message of the Qur’ān. Keywords: Qur’ānic miracles, naẓm , al-Alūsī. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i6.996
{"title":"Kemukjizatan Naẓm al-Qur’ān dalam Perspektif Syihāb al-Dīn al-Alūsī","authors":"H. Muhammad","doi":"10.15408/ref.v13i6.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v13i6.996","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains the naẓm (structure) position as one of the main aspects of miracles of al-Qur’ān. It explains that although al-Qur’ānis in Arabic, but it does not use the form and composition of models that have been used by the Arabs in their works. Al-Qur’ān performs in different way, not in the form of poetry, rhyme, letter or speech, but in kalām (theword). The article then explains that the way to make sense of this kalām was used as a pioneering theory by ‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī. This theory is then used and applied by al-Alūsī in his commentary book, Rūḥ al-Ma‘ānī. This study shows the importance of the naẓm of al-Qur’ān, in which it becomes specific guidelines for researcher to understand the message of the Qur’ān. Keywords: Qur’ānic miracles, naẓm , al-Alūsī. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i6.996","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"36 1","pages":"685-708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the struggle of science and religion with a historical approach. The relation of both subjects has occurred in four periods: Greek, Islamic, Renaissance and Modern eras. Grouping into four sections is intended for the easy analysis, of the struggle between science and religion, so one can know the different characteristics. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i5.917
{"title":"Pergulatan Sains dan Agama","authors":"E. Syarif","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I5.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I5.917","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the struggle of science and religion with a historical approach. The relation of both subjects has occurred in four periods: Greek, Islamic, Renaissance and Modern eras. Grouping into four sections is intended for the easy analysis, of the struggle between science and religion, so one can know the different characteristics. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i5.917","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"641-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Custom of wedding ceremony in Sunda ethnic has three parts: before wedding (pre-luminal), wedding procession (luminal) and after wedding (postluminal).This wedding of Sunda custom directly or indirectly has symbols and meanings which have absorbed Islamic values, which came in the fifteenth century in the Sunda Land. Hence, Sunda values and norms have completed Islamization. This Islamizaion is still going, without eliminating those values and customs which do not contravene Islamic religion. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i5.916
{"title":"Upacara Daur Hidup dalam Pernikahan Adat Sunda","authors":"M. Maulana","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I5.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I5.916","url":null,"abstract":"Custom of wedding ceremony in Sunda ethnic has three parts: before wedding (pre-luminal), wedding procession (luminal) and after wedding (postluminal).This wedding of Sunda custom directly or indirectly has symbols and meanings which have absorbed Islamic values, which came in the fifteenth century in the Sunda Land. Hence, Sunda values and norms have completed Islamization. This Islamizaion is still going, without eliminating those values and customs which do not contravene Islamic religion. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i5.916","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"623-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows a number of historical information about the Prophet Muḥammad’s relationship with Jews and Christians, in which such information performs the humanistic attitudes of him who upholds human values and tolerance, respects diversity, and ensures the freedom of belief and religious worship. The Prophet Muḥammad never imposed anybody to become a Muslim at that time, he also allowed Christians doing their ritual activity inside the mosque. This paper also describes the context of the Prophet Muḥammad order to burn a mosque in Madīna. This paperr ejects some views of the orientalists, like Robert Spencer who wrote a book entitled The Truth about Muḥammad: The Founder of the Most Intolerant Religion in the World . This paper is the result of sīra Nabawīya ’s study,whose data are derived from some canonical Ḥadīth and other historical resources. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.905
{"title":"Interaksi Nabi Muḥammad dengan Yahudi dan Kristen","authors":"R. Fatkhi","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I3.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I3.905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows a number of historical information about the Prophet Muḥammad’s relationship with Jews and Christians, in which such information performs the humanistic attitudes of him who upholds human values and tolerance, respects diversity, and ensures the freedom of belief and religious worship. The Prophet Muḥammad never imposed anybody to become a Muslim at that time, he also allowed Christians doing their ritual activity inside the mosque. This paper also describes the context of the Prophet Muḥammad order to burn a mosque in Madīna. This paperr ejects some views of the orientalists, like Robert Spencer who wrote a book entitled The Truth about Muḥammad: The Founder of the Most Intolerant Religion in the World . This paper is the result of sīra Nabawīya ’s study,whose data are derived from some canonical Ḥadīth and other historical resources. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.905","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"52 1","pages":"343-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article shows that in the Shī‘ite (Shī‘a) madhhab (school) is different opinion concerning Ḥadīth/Sunna as ḥujja (allegation of law). One faction states that all aspects of the Prophet’s life are ḥujja , whilst another party claims that only some aspects of his life i.e. the aspect which connotes tashrī‘ (law guidance) can be a ḥujja . In between these two sides, the most appropriate view point is the latter one, for it is more objective and proportional in looking at him as an ordinary human being, in one dimension, and as an apostle, in another one. The controversy then has enlarged into the ḥujja of ḥadīth/khabar al-āḥād . For some people, khabar al-āḥād is absolutely refused; another some admits it absolutely; while some receives it under certain prerequisites; and even a number of scholars accept it with the very tight and stiff requisites. In this context, again, the least group’s idea is more objective, logic and contextual. This conclusion is resulted from uṣūl al-fiqh approach and philosophical analysis. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.907
{"title":"Ḥadīts Sebagai Ḥujjah Ḥukum dalam Perspektif Syī‘ah","authors":"Ahmad Ali","doi":"10.15408/ref.v13i3.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v13i3.907","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows that in the Shī‘ite (Shī‘a) madhhab (school) is different opinion concerning Ḥadīth/Sunna as ḥujja (allegation of law). One faction states that all aspects of the Prophet’s life are ḥujja , whilst another party claims that only some aspects of his life i.e. the aspect which connotes tashrī‘ (law guidance) can be a ḥujja . In between these two sides, the most appropriate view point is the latter one, for it is more objective and proportional in looking at him as an ordinary human being, in one dimension, and as an apostle, in another one. The controversy then has enlarged into the ḥujja of ḥadīth/khabar al-āḥād . For some people, khabar al-āḥād is absolutely refused; another some admits it absolutely; while some receives it under certain prerequisites; and even a number of scholars accept it with the very tight and stiff requisites. In this context, again, the least group’s idea is more objective, logic and contextual. This conclusion is resulted from uṣūl al-fiqh approach and philosophical analysis. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.907","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"13 1","pages":"375-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the reaction of al-Shinqīṭī towards this latter way of mystical vision, particularly in the case of Aḥmad al-Tijānī. For al-Shinqīṭī, sufis’ claim of having a fully consciousness physical contact with the Prophet after his death is impossible because nothing, whether religious or rational proofs, can sustain it. The extreme case of such claim is expressed by Aḥmad al-Tijānī who, insists that a sufi (ṣūfī) can really see the Prophet with his physical eyes. In al-Tijānī’s opinion, the ability of the physical eyes to see the Prophet when awake was a common trait of those who attained the status of pole (quṭb). DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.902
{"title":"The Objection to The Claim of Meeting The Prophet Muḥammad in a State of Awakedness According to Muḥammad al-Shinqīṭī","authors":"Abdul Muthalib","doi":"10.15408/REF.V13I3.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/REF.V13I3.902","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the reaction of al-Shinqīṭī towards this latter way of mystical vision, particularly in the case of Aḥmad al-Tijānī. For al-Shinqīṭī, sufis’ claim of having a fully consciousness physical contact with the Prophet after his death is impossible because nothing, whether religious or rational proofs, can sustain it. The extreme case of such claim is expressed by Aḥmad al-Tijānī who, insists that a sufi (ṣūfī) can really see the Prophet with his physical eyes. In al-Tijānī’s opinion, the ability of the physical eyes to see the Prophet when awake was a common trait of those who attained the status of pole (quṭb). DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.902","PeriodicalId":53314,"journal":{"name":"Refleksi","volume":"144 1","pages":"289-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67113268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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