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Dialektika Arsitektur dan Teknologi Islam Nusantara: Pengaruh Budaya Lokal dan Nilai-nilai Islam 努山塔拉伊斯兰建筑与技术的辩证关系:当地文化和伊斯兰价值观的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.32109
Habibi Ahmad
This article describes cultural acculturation in Islamic architecture and technology in Nusantara. Cultural acculturation in the architectural aspect is limited to two mosques of the early Islamic era in Nusantara, namely the Great Mosque of Demak and the Gedhe Mosque of Yogyakarta Palace. The cultural acculturation of mosque construction is reflected in the main building, the portico, and the supporting elements of the building, as well as the meaning of symbols and ornamens. The meaning of symbols and ornamens explains the strong acculturation of local culture with Islamic values. Specifically on the technological aspect, this article examines the naval and cannon technology of the Islamic era of Demak and later sultanates. The article concludes that the entry of Islam into Nusantara created a struggle between Islam and the local culture, which was influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and cults, as well as the original values of the archipelago, which are reflected in the construction of buildings and war equipment.
本文介绍了努桑达拉伊斯兰建筑和技术中的文化熏陶。建筑方面的文化熏陶仅限于努山塔拉早期伊斯兰时代的两座清真寺,即德马克大清真寺和日惹王宫的格德清真寺。清真寺建筑的文化熏陶体现在主体建筑、门廊、建筑的辅助构件以及符号和装饰品的含义上。符号和装饰物的含义解释了当地文化与伊斯兰价值观的强烈融合。具体到技术方面,本文研究了德马克及其后苏丹国伊斯兰时代的海军和大炮技术。文章的结论是,伊斯兰教进入努山达拉后,造成了伊斯兰教与当地文化之间的斗争,当地文化受到印度教、佛教和邪教的影响,同时也受到群岛原有价值观的影响,这些都反映在建筑和战争装备上。
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引用次数: 0
Kontribusi Orientalis terhadap Studi Hadis Kontemporer Di Indonesia: Teori, Respons dan Sikap Sarjana Hadis 东方学对印度尼西亚当代圣训研究的贡献:圣训学者的理论、回应和态度
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.31923
Ade Pahrudin
This article aims to determine the contribution of orientalists to contemporary hadith studies in Indonesia, map developing theories, identify the responses and attitudes of Indonesian hadith scholars towards these theories through e-articles written in religious journals indexed in the Moraref portal of the Ministry of Religion. This research is library research. The method used in this research is content analysis. Data The main literature of this paper is e-articles in religious journals related to orientalism in contemporary hadith studies in Indonesia. The results of this research show the contribution of theories formulated by orientalists to the dynamics of contemporary hadith studies in Indonesia. The role of orientalists as skeptical outsiders creates a different perspective from Muslim hadith scholars, so that they build new theories in contemporary hadith studies. Orientalist theories that are discussed in contemporary hadith studies in Indonesia include; hadith fabrication theory, sunnah-hadith terminology, Common link, argumentum e-silentio, projecting back and isnad cum matan. The responses of hadith scholars to Orientalist theories is divided into several attitudes; descriptive-elaborative, descriptive-comparative, descriptive-appreciative and descriptive-critical.
本文旨在通过在宗教部 Moraref 门户网站上索引的宗教期刊上发表的电子文章,确定东方学者对印尼当代圣训学研究的贡献,绘制发展中理论的地图,确定印尼圣训学学者对这些理论的反应和态度。本研究属于图书馆研究。本研究采用的方法是内容分析法。数据 本文的主要文献是印尼宗教期刊中与当代圣训研究中的东方学有关的电子文章。研究结果表明了东方学家提出的理论对印尼当代圣训学研究动态的贡献。东方学家作为持怀疑态度的局外人,为穆斯林圣训学者提供了不同的视角,从而为当代圣训研究建立了新的理论。印尼当代圣训学研究中讨论的东方理论包括:圣训编造理论、"圣训-圣训 "术语、"共同联系"、"无声论证"、"向后推演 "和 "isnaad cum matan"。圣训学者对东方学理论的回应分为几种态度:描述性-合作性、描述性-比较性、描述性-欣赏性和描述性-批判性。
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引用次数: 0
Ekoteologi dalam Menyikapi Krisis Ekologi di Indonesia Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr 赛义德-侯赛因-纳赛尔眼中的生态神学在印度尼西亚应对生态危机的作用
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i1.31403
Wasil Wasil, Muizudin Muizudin
This library research descriptively explains the causes of the ecological crisis in Indonesia by using the ecotheological approach in the construction of Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s thought. This research shows that the ecological crisis is correlated with a perspective that is not in favor of nature (anthrophocentrism), modern humans lose their existence-spiritual and understanding of nature that is desacralized. Ecotheology is then used as a strategic basis for solving the ecological crisis in the midst of Indonesian religious society by mainstreaming ecotheology through religious leaders, pesantren, educational institutions, and NGOs.
本图书馆研究通过运用塞义德-侯赛因-纳赛尔思想中的生态神学方法,描述性地解释了印度尼西亚生态危机的原因。本研究表明,生态危机与不支持自然的观点(人类中心主义)、现代人类丧失生存--精神和对自然的理解(非神圣化)有关。因此,生态神学被用作解决印尼宗教社会生态危机的战略基础,通过宗教领袖、祠堂、教育机构和非政府组织将生态神学纳入主流。
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引用次数: 0
Akseptabilitas Perawi Syiah dalam Sanad Riwayat Sunni: Analisis Riwayat Aban Ibn Taghlib dalam Kutūb al-Sittah 逊尼派圣书中什叶派叙述者的可接受性:Kutūb al-Sittah 中阿班-伊本-塔格利布的历史分析
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.33212
Fahrizal Mahdi
This research discusses the acceptability of the shia theology rawi in the Sunni tradition. Shia rawi narrated many ḥadīth in the main books of sunni ḥadīth and ḥadīth critics often give the a jarḥ so that their narrations are judged as da’if. Aban ibn Taglib is one of the Shia rawi who narrated the ḥadīth in al-Kutūb al-Sittah except in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. He has 5 ḥadīth in all those ḥadīth books and all of the are considered authentic ḥadīths except for only one ḥadīth in Sunan Abu Dawud. Therefore, the research concludes that Shia rawi can accept their riwayah as long as they meet the requirement for the validity of the ḥadīth and are not among the extreme shia who disbelieve and insult the companions of the prophet Muḥammad.
本研究讨论了什叶派神学拉维在逊尼派传统中的可接受性。什叶派拉维在逊尼派圣训的主要书籍中传述了许多圣训,而圣训评论家们经常对这些圣训提出质疑,从而将他们的传述判定为 "达伊"(da'if)。Aban ibn Taglib 是什叶派学者之一,他在《al-Kutūb al-Sittah》中传述了除 Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 以外的 ḥadīth。在所有这些圣训书中,他有 5 篇圣训,除了在《艾布-达乌德圣训汇编》中只有一篇圣训外,其他都被认为是真实的圣训。因此,研究得出结论,只要什叶派教徒符合圣训的有效性要求,并且不属于不相信和侮辱先知穆罕默德的同伴的极端什叶派,他们就可以接受自己的里瓦伊。
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引用次数: 0
The Relevance of Laduny Science in The Qur’an: Al-Ghazālī’s Perspective on Acquiring Knowledge in Digital Era 古兰经》中拉杜尼科学的相关性:加扎利对数字时代获取知识的看法
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.35715
Ina Salmah Febriani, Neli Hidayah, Tamimi Setia Alam, Wahyudin Wahyudin
Development of technology may influence the way of individual learning. Many years ago, scholars had a long time to acquisition the knowledge, today’s digital era allows us to get information quickly. Imam Al-Ghazālī said that there are three human abilities to obtain knowledge, including the five senses, ‘aql and heart. The heart is one of the media for acquiring laduny knowledge. Al-Quran specifically mentions lafadz ‘ladun’. Lafadz ladun is mentioned 18 times in the Al-Quran with various derivations. The 18 times of lafadz ladun, only on Qs. Al-Kahfi/65 lafadz ladun with ‘ilm (min ladunna ‘ilmaa). This is also the reason why Imam Al-Ghazālī in his book Risalat al-Laduniyyah does not deny that the acquisition of laduny knowledge requires a learning process. This research aims to reinterpret the meaning of ‘laduny’, which has been known as something abstract and difficult to achieve, to become relevant for the millennial generation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Researchers attempt to analyze various interpretations of classical and contemporary scholars regarding Qs. Al-Kahf/65. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the mufasir Qs. Al-Kahfi/65 regarding the hard efforts of Prophet Musa as to be ‘patient’ to study with Prophet Khidir as. The results of this research are that laduny knowledge is given to whomever Allah wishes as long as with the physical strive (learn) and spiritual strive (tazkiyyat an-nafs) made by the servant.
技术的发展可能会影响个人的学习方式。多年前,学者们需要花费很长的时间来获取知识,而如今的数字时代让我们可以快速获取信息。伊玛目加扎利说,人类有三种获取知识的能力,包括五感、"aql "和心。心是获取拉杜尼知识的媒介之一。古兰经》特别提到了拉法兹-拉敦。拉法兹-拉敦在《古兰经》中被提及 18 次,其引申义各不相同。18 次提到 lafadz ladun,仅在 Qs.Al-Kahfi/65 lafadz ladun 与 'ilm(min ladunna 'ilmaa)同音。这也是伊玛目加扎利在其《Risalat al-Laduniyyah》一书中不否认获取拉杜尼知识需要学习过程的原因。本研究旨在重新诠释 "laduny "的含义,使其与千禧一代的生活息息相关,因为 "laduny "一直被认为是抽象的、难以实现的东西。本研究采用的是描述性定性研究方法。研究人员试图分析古典和当代学者对 Qs.Al-Kahf/65。分析结果发现,穆法西 Qs.Al-Kahfi/65 是关于先知穆萨为了 "耐心 "地向先知希迪尔学习而付出的艰辛努力。研究结果表明,只要仆人在物质上努力(学习),在精神上努力(tazkiyyat an-nafs),真主就会赐予他所希望的人知识。
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引用次数: 0
Aktualisasi Zikir Tasawuf Sebagai Metode Pendidikan Spiritual, Moral dan Sosial Bagi Masyarakat Postmodern 实现作为后现代社会精神、道德和社会教育方法的 Tasawwuf Zikr
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.31155
M. B. Muvid
This study aims to analyze and find a concept of remembrance of Sufism as a method of spiritual, moral, and social education for postmodern society. The research method used is a literature review which examines various literatures, articles, books, and documentation that support the topic of study. The results of the study show that remembrance of Sufism as an alternative to purify the soul and educate the heart to be cleaner so that it will have an impact on personality and social. The process to get there must go through the stages of takhallī, taḥallī, and tajallī. Then, remembrance of Sufism to be a method of education for spiritual, moral and social aspects must be carried out in the right way, which must be solemn, persistent, repeated, understand the meaning and be presented in the heart. Internalization of Sufism remembrance is important to harmonize spiritual, moral and mu'amalah aspects so that the practice of Sufism does not only strengthen one aspect, but several aspects that make him a moderate, balanced and in accordance with the dictates of Islam itself.
本研究旨在分析和寻找苏菲主义的纪念概念,将其作为后现代社会精神、道德和社会教育的一种方法。采用的研究方法是文献综述,对支持研究主题的各种文献、文章、书籍和文件进行审查。研究结果表明,缅怀苏菲主义是净化灵魂和教育心灵的另一种方式,使心灵更加洁净,从而对人格和社会产生影响。达到这一目的的过程必须经历 "takhallī"、"taḥallī "和 "tajallī "三个阶段。然后,缅怀苏菲作为一种精神、道德和社会方面的教育方法,必须以正确的方式进行,必须庄严、坚持不懈、反复缅怀、理解含义并在心中呈现。内化苏菲主义的缅怀对于协调精神、道德和穆阿马拉方面非常重要,这样,苏菲主义的实践就不仅仅是加强一个方面,而是加强几个方面,使他成为一个温和、平衡、符合伊斯兰本身规定的人。
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引用次数: 0
Komparasi Penafsiran Ibn Kathīr dan Amina Wadud tentang Hak Waris Laki-laki dan Perempuan 伊本-卡蒂尔和阿米纳-瓦杜德对男女继承权的比较解读
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i2.31099
Nidaul Islam, M. Arifin
This article aims to examine the similarities and differences in Ibn Kathīr and Amina Wadud’s interpretations of inheritance rights between women and men using a muqarran interpretation approach. Ibn Kathīr as an interpreter of mutaqaddimin and Amina Wadud are Muslim feminists who are critical of the issue of women’s rights, especially inheritance rights in Islam. In the Qur’an surah al-Nisā’ [4]: 11-12, Ibn Kathīr interprets that the share of a son is the same as that of two daughters and the remaining third of the inheritance becomes a mandatory will. Meanwhile, Amina believes that women have equal inheritance rights to men. The distribution of inheritance between men and women must comply with the principles of benefit and justice. In addition, without any restrictions on which heirs, the remaining third of the wealth can be inherited without reducing the distribution of the remaining wealth. This rule is quite flexible, and the most important thing is to fulfill the principle of justice.
本文旨在采用穆卡兰解释法研究伊本-卡蒂尔和阿米娜-瓦杜德对男女继承权解释的异同。伊本-凯西尔和阿米娜-瓦杜德都是穆斯林女权主义者,她们对妇女权利,尤其是伊斯兰教中的继承权问题持批评态度。在《古兰经》al-Nisā'[4]:11-12 节中,伊本-卡蒂尔解释说,一个儿子的份额与两个女儿的份额相同,其余三分之一的遗产成为法定遗嘱。与此同时,阿米娜认为女性享有与男性平等的继承权。男女之间的遗产分配必须符合利益和公正原则。此外,在不限制继承人的情况下,可以在不减少剩余财富分配的情况下继承剩余的三分之一财富。这一规定相当灵活,最重要的是要符合公正原则。
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引用次数: 0
Kerja Dakwah dan Kerja Ilmiah-Positivistik dalam Konteks Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam: Titik-Jumpa dan Titik-Pisah 伊斯兰高等教育背景下的 "达瓦 "工作与科学-实证主义工作:交汇点与分离点
Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i1.32589
Media Zainul Bahri
This article elucidates two main points. First, the difference between da’wah (Islamic preaching) activities and scientific-positivistic works. Da’wah, for example, is a theological work. To preach is to Invite/to call people to strengthen their beliefs and faith, do good, avoid bad deeds, and in many cases, preaching is to make judgments: right and wrong, misguidance or faith. Conversely, positivistic-scientific work is a scientific activity with methodological tools: there is empirical data (primary and secondary), there are approaches and theories, there are logical and rational explanations, and instead to strengthen belief and faith, scientific work is to find “scientific truth”. There are ontological, epistemological and objective differences between da’wah activities and scientific-positivistic ways. Second, to this day there is still a big problem related to Indonesian State Islamic University or Indonesian State Islamic Institute (UIN/IAIN): is this institution is a da’wah institution because there is an “Islam” within, or a scientific educational institution one because it is also a university that demands a scientific-positivistic ways. This article uses historical, theological and philosophical approaches.
本文阐述了两个要点。第一,"达瓦"(伊斯兰传教)活动与科学实证主义著作之间的区别。例如,"达瓦 "是一项神学工作。宣讲就是邀请/号召人们加强信仰和信念,行善积德,避免做坏事,在很多情况下,宣讲就是做出判断:对与错、误导或信仰。相反,实证主义-科学工作是一种科学活动,有方法论工具:有经验数据(主要和次要),有方法和理论,有逻辑和理性解释,而不是为了加强信仰和信念,科学工作是为了找到 "科学真理"。达瓦活动与科学实证主义方式存在本体论、认识论和客观上的差异。其次,时至今日,印尼国立伊斯兰大学或印尼国立伊斯兰学院(UIN/IAIN)仍然存在一个很大的问题:这所机构究竟是一个 "达瓦 "机构,因为其中有 "伊斯兰";还是一个科学教育机构,因为它也是一所要求以科学-实证主义方式办学的大学。本文采用了历史、神学和哲学方法。
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引用次数: 0
Implementasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Meningkatkan Kerukunan Suku Anak Dalam di Desa Dwi Karya Bakti Jambi 在改善占碑省 Dwi Karya Bakti 村 Suku Anak Dalam 的和谐过程中实施宗教节制
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.15408/ref.v22i1.32513
A. Asniah, Rifki Rosyad
This study aims to explore and analyze the implementation of religious moderation in improving interreligious harmony among Suku Anak Dalam in Dwi Karya Bakti Village, Jambi Province. Suku Anak Dalam is a community that coexists with members who adhere to Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, animism, and Islam. Despite their religious diversity, they still live peacefully and harmoniously. The results showed that implementing religious moderation among the Suku Anak Dalam in Dwi Karya Bakti Village had a positive impact. The Suku Anak Dalam community daily exhibits tolerance, mutual respect, and inter-religious cooperation. Interfaith dialogue activities, inclusive religious rituals, and cooperation in socio-religious activities are concrete examples of successful implementation of religious moderation. However, this study also identifies several challenges in implementing religious moderation in the Suku Anak Dalam. Factors such as limited access to formal education, infrastructure constraints, and geographical differences are obstacles to widely spreading the understanding of religious moderation in this community.
本研究旨在探讨和分析在占碑省 Dwi Karya Bakti 村的 Suku Anak Dalam 中实施宗教节制以改善宗教间和谐的情况。Suku Anak Dalam 是一个与信奉印度教、佛教、基督教、泛灵论和伊斯兰教的成员共存的社区。尽管他们的宗教信仰各不相同,但他们仍然和平、和谐地生活在一起。研究结果表明,在 Dwi Karya Bakti 村的 Suku Anak Dalam 社区实施宗教温和政策产生了积极影响。Suku Anak Dalam 社区日常表现出宽容、相互尊重和宗教间合作。宗教间对话活动、包容性宗教仪式以及社会宗教活动中的合作都是成功实施宗教温和的具体实例。然而,本研究也发现了在 Suku Anak Dalam 实施宗教节制所面临的一些挑战。接受正规教育的机会有限、基础设施的限制以及地理差异等因素,都是在该社区广泛传播对宗教节制的理解的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Orientalis Goldziher dalam Studi Hadis Kontemporer di Indonesia 东方学者Goldziher对当代圣训研究的影响
Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.15408/REF.V20I1.20180
Ade Pahrudin
Goldziher is considered a pioneer of skeptical hadith studies among western and non-Muslim scholars. In addition to being widely followed, his thesis received refutation and rebuttal from western scholars themselves and contemporary Muslim scholars. This study aims to determine the influence of Goldziher's hadith thought in the developments of hadith studies in Indonesia and how the responses shown by hadith researchers to his thoughts. This research is a literature study whose main data source is e-articles of religious scientific journals in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that there are 22 articles discussing the thought of Goldziher's hadith. This shows a fairly dominant and significant influence of Goldziher's hadith thought in the dynamics of contemporary orientalist hadith studies in Indonesia. The responses shown by Indonesian hadith scholars to Goldziher's hadith thought, can be categorized into four categories; Descriptive-Exploratory, (6 articles), Descriptive-Appreciative (2 articles), Descriptive-Comparative (12 articles) and Descriptive-Comparative-negative (2 articles). This response from the hadith reviewers in Indonesia can be a trigger for the process of synthesizing a new theory from the anti-theses of Goldziher's hadith thought and those who oppose it that still not clear from the hadith researchers in Indonesia.
Goldziher被认为是西方和非穆斯林学者中持怀疑态度的圣训研究的先驱。他的论文在受到广泛关注的同时,也受到了西方学者自身和当代穆斯林学者的反驳和反驳。本研究旨在确定Goldziher的圣训思想对印度尼西亚圣训研究发展的影响,以及圣训研究者对他的思想的反应。本研究为文献研究,主要数据来源为印尼宗教科学期刊电子文章。本研究结果显示,有22篇文章讨论了Goldziher的圣训思想。由此可见,戈德泽尔的圣训思想在印尼当代东方学圣训研究动态中具有相当重要的主导地位。印尼圣训学者对戈德齐尔圣训思想的反应可分为四类;描述性-探索性,(6篇),描述性-欣赏性(2篇),描述性-比较性(12篇)和描述性-否定性比较性(2篇)。印尼圣训审稿人的这种反应可能会触发一种过程,即从Goldziher圣训思想的对立面和那些反对它的人那里合成一种新理论,而印尼圣训研究人员仍然不清楚这一点。
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引用次数: 0
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Refleksi
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