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Politics meets healthcare? Religious misinformation in India during the COVID-19 pandemic 政治遇上医疗?2019冠状病毒病大流行期间印度的宗教错误信息
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.12962/j24433527.v13i2.8119
Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman
India has recently become a hotspot of misinformation: the COVID-19 brings a new opportunity for the rumor-spreaders. Of various categories, religious misinformation seems harmful for both Indian society and public health. In this paper, therefore, I tried to sketch a few necessary aspects of religious misinformation in India during the COVID-19. From the previous literature and ongoing trend of Indian misinformation, I identified two important phenomena: (a) Though Muslims produce more spiritual misinformation, most of the religious misinformation targeting Muslims is inspired by Islamophobia; (b) misinformation that tries to champion Hinduism is more related to the contemporary political ideologies of India. I also tried to explain how religion as a political issue relates to public health
最近,印度成为错误信息的热点:新冠肺炎疫情给谣言传播者带来了新的机遇。在各种类别中,宗教错误信息似乎对印度社会和公众健康都有害。因此,在本文中,我试图勾勒出2019冠状病毒病期间印度宗教错误信息的几个必要方面。从以前的文献和印度错误信息的持续趋势中,我发现了两个重要的现象:(a)尽管穆斯林产生了更多的精神错误信息,但大多数针对穆斯林的宗教错误信息是受伊斯兰恐惧症的启发;(b)试图支持印度教的错误信息与印度当代的政治意识形态更相关。我还试图解释宗教作为一个政治问题是如何与公共卫生相关的
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引用次数: 3
Model Pengukuran Tingkat Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Penggunaan Jasa Transportasi Online di Wilayah Cirebon dengan Metode Fuzzy Servqual 用模糊的Servqual方法来衡量Cirebon地区使用在线交通服务的社区满意度模型
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.12962/j24433527.v13i2.7978
Nursaka Putra, Ilwan Syafrinal, Marsani Asfi
Online transportation responds to people's needs in relation to public transport. Online transportation, which in this context is Grab and Go-Jek, is an alternative that is favored by many people, especially in the Cirebon area. This study aims to measure the level of service satisfaction received and future customer expectations of online transportation services. For our purpose, we use Fuzzy Service Quality method which is used to determine the variable customer needs that are not met by calculating the GAP between the services provided and the expectations of the customer as the Voice of Customer, where the data collection technique is carried out by distributing questionnaires. The results are Reliability rank 2 with a value of 0.100, Responsiveness rank 4 with a value of 0.86, Assurance rank 3 with a value of 0.090, Empathy rank 5 with a value of 0.040, Tangibles rank 1 with a value of 0.139. Based on these results, we suggest that an empathy-related policy-making concerning professionalism should not become an obstacle.
网上交通满足了人们对公共交通的需求。在线交通,在这种情况下是Grab和Go-Jek,是许多人喜欢的另一种选择,特别是在Cirebon地区。本研究旨在衡量顾客对网上运输服务的满意程度及未来顾客对网上运输服务的期望。为了我们的目的,我们使用模糊服务质量方法,通过计算所提供的服务与客户期望之间的差距来确定未满足的可变客户需求,作为客户的声音,其中数据收集技术是通过分发问卷进行的。结果:信度等级2为0.100,反应性等级4为0.86,保证等级3为0.090,共情等级5为0.040,有形等级1为0.139。基于这些结果,我们建议移情相关的专业决策不应成为障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Gas Price Policy Analysis for Fertilizer Industries in Indonesia Based on Netback from Final Product 基于最终产品反馈的印尼化肥行业天然气价格政策分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.12962/j24433527.v13i2.7704
Erwan Hermawan, W. Purwanto
The industrial sector has an important role in the Indonesian economy. The problem facing the fertilizer industry is the price of gas as a raw material that tends to be expensive for the lower prices of crude oil since 2016. To overcome this problem the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 40/2016 on setting gas prices for the fertilizer industry but this regulation only sets floor gas prices at USD 6/MMBTU to secure revenues of gas producers. Meanwhile, the current sale gas contract for fertilizer applies an escalation. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the netback value of each fertilizer plant and assess the current gas price policy. The netback value is calculated based on the long-run marginal cost of urea production. The result shows that PKT 04 and PKT 05, Pusri 1B, 2B, 3, and 4, PKC 1A and 1B, and PKG have lower netback value than gas price contract, except for PKT plant based on average has the highest netback value, because they use pricing mechanism that linked to oil and product price. From this calculation the current gas price policy needs to be adjusted to keep the fertilizer industry profitably..
工业部门在印尼经济中发挥着重要作用。化肥行业面临的问题是,由于2016年以来原油价格走低,天然气作为原材料的价格往往偏高。为了解决这一问题,政府发布了第40/2016号关于为化肥行业设定天然气价格的总统条例,但该条例仅将最低天然气价格设定为6美元/百万英热,以确保天然气生产商的收入。与此同时,目前的化肥天然气销售合同适用升级。本研究的目的是评估每个化肥厂的净回值,并评估当前的天然气价格政策。净回值是根据尿素生产的长期边际成本计算的。结果表明:PKT 04和PKT 05、普斯里1B、2B、3和4、PKC 1A和1B、PKG的净回值低于天然气价格合同,但基于平均的PKT工厂的净回值最高,这是因为它们采用了与石油和成品油价格挂钩的定价机制。从这个角度来看,目前的天然气价格政策需要调整,以保持化肥行业的盈利。
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引用次数: 0
Semiotic Landscapes: Scaling Indonesian Multilingualism 符号学景观:扩展印尼多语言
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.22146/JH.57647
Zane Goebel
This article presents a very preliminary description of a sample of photos of signage (e.g. posters, signs, billboards) drawn from around six hundred photos taken in Bandung in January 2019. Drawing upon scholarship on value and scale in general, and work on semiotic landscapes in particular, this paper seeks to extend earlier analysis of multilingual signage in Indonesia. I explore how an analysis of this signage can provide insights into multilingualism, inequality, and mobility in Indonesia, as well as how different social, political, and economic regimes effect the multilingual landscape.
本文对2019年1月在万隆拍摄的约600张照片中的标牌(如海报、标志、广告牌)照片样本进行了非常初步的描述。利用价值和规模方面的学术研究,特别是符号学景观方面的研究,本文试图扩展印度尼西亚多语言标牌的早期分析。我将探讨如何通过对这个标牌的分析来洞察印尼的多语言、不平等和流动性,以及不同的社会、政治和经济制度如何影响多语言景观。
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引用次数: 4
Palestine and Israel Representation in the National and International News Media: A Critical Discourse Study 巴勒斯坦和以色列在国内和国际新闻媒体中的代表性:一项批判性话语研究
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.22146/JH.52911
S. Suwarno, W. Sahayu
Despite a myriad of studies that have been reported in analysing media discourse, few works take into account media bias. In response to this empirical gap, the present critical discourse study (CDS) aims to expose how the biggest national and international news media, The Jakarta Post and The New York Times construct the media bias in depicting Palestine and Israel regarding the latest conflicts in 2019 and 2020. The transitivity system of Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL) was adopted to examine the textual features or choice of words in the clauses of 4 news articles from each news media. The findings show that both mainstream media have similarities, as if more favors to Palestine as the victim of the conflicts rather than Israel as a war criminal nation.  However, The Jakarta Post and The New York Times have different sensitivities in constructing media bias. This empirical evidence suggests that critical discourse analysis (CDA) has a pivotal role in comprehending language used in media discourses. The last but not least, combining CDA and another theoretical approach is suggested for future studies.
尽管在分析媒体话语方面已经报道了无数的研究,但很少有作品考虑到媒体偏见。针对这一经验差距,本研究旨在揭示《雅加达邮报》和《纽约时报》这两家最大的国内和国际新闻媒体如何在描述2019年和2020年巴勒斯坦和以色列的最新冲突时构建媒体偏见。采用韩礼德系统功能语言学(SFL)的及物性系统,对各新闻媒体的4篇新闻文章的语篇特征或词语选择进行了考察。调查结果显示,两家主流媒体有相似之处,似乎更倾向于将巴勒斯坦视为冲突的受害者,而不是将以色列视为战争罪犯。然而,《雅加达邮报》和《纽约时报》在构建媒体偏见方面有着不同的敏感性。这一实证证据表明,批评话语分析在理解媒体话语中使用的语言方面具有关键作用。最后,建议将批评性话语分析与另一种理论方法相结合,为今后的研究提供借鉴。
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引用次数: 2
Social Movements Facing Authoritarian-Style Neoliberal Governments: Comparative Positioning Towards Violence in Indonesia and France 面对威权式新自由主义政府的社会运动:印尼和法国对暴力的比较定位
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.22146/JH.59555
G. Facal, Gloria Truly Estrelita
Faced with global and systemic crises, neoliberal oriented governments are taking on more authoritarian forms of governance. By using the power of the media, justice, the police, and a set of government technologies, this authoritarian style manifests itself in alternating phases of low-key brutality and crises of ostentatious repression designed to frighten and demoralize opposition social movements. Confronted with these modes of government, the social movements adopt different tactics of mobilization, ranging from direct confrontation to forms of compromise and civil disobedience. With the climate crisis as well as the globalization of social struggles, these movements adopt new political strategies, which question the dichotomy between violence and non-violence. Using a historical and anthropological approach, this paper studies two cases in contemporary Indonesia and France. It shows that the objectives of the groups involved and the national socio-political and cultural background shape the local specificities of these strategies. The comparison, however, reveals similarities at both levels. It shows the persistence and even strengthening of class and oligarchy networks in the implementation of authoritarian-style neoliberal policies. It also points to the respective effectiveness of violent and non-violent tactics in the implementation of militant strategies.
面对全球性和系统性危机,以新自由主义为导向的政府正在采取更专制的治理形式。通过使用媒体、司法、警察和一系列政府技术的力量,这种专制风格在低调的暴行和旨在恐吓和打击反对派社会运动的炫耀性镇压的交替阶段中表现出来。面对这些政府模式,社会运动采取了不同的动员策略,从直接对抗到妥协和公民不服从的形式。随着气候危机以及社会斗争的全球化,这些运动采取了新的政治策略,质疑暴力与非暴力之间的二分法。本文采用历史和人类学的方法,研究了当代印度尼西亚和法国的两个案例。它表明,所涉群体的目标和国家的社会政治和文化背景决定了这些战略的地方特色。然而,这一比较揭示了两个层面的相似之处。它显示了在专制风格的新自由主义政策的实施中,阶级和寡头网络的持续甚至加强。它还指出了暴力和非暴力策略在执行军事战略方面各自的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Critical Analysis of Javanese Epistemology and Its Relevance to Science Development in Indonesia 爪哇认识论的批判性分析及其与印尼科学发展的相关性
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.22146/JH.49065
Reno Wikandaru, Shely Cathrin, E. Satria, Dian Rianita
Humans have developed science to understand the phenomena they face in their lives. As such, the development of science is inexorably linked with epistemology because it emphasizes the question of truth—the focus of epistemology. The development of science and knowledge has been influenced by specific interests, motives, needs, and historic/cultural backgrounds. To ensure that science is developed in a manner best suited for Indonesian society, such development must be rooted in extant Indonesian cultural values, such as those found in Javanese culture. This study attempts to formulate Javanese epistemology as a basis for scientific development in Indonesia. It finds, first, that knowledge is known as “kawruh” among the Javanese people; second, knowledge is not always limited to the cognitive dimension; and third, a specific criterion for truth is harmony, or “pener”. Javanese people consider “rasa” capable of bringing humans to the supreme knowledge. Although objective knowledge exists, every individual achievement of reality is different. Javanese people consider the validity or truthfulness of statements/actions rooted in their harmony with the empirical rational principle of truth and the existing order, following the adage “bener tur pener”.
人类已经发展了科学来理解他们在生活中面临的现象。因此,科学的发展必然与认识论联系在一起,因为它强调真理问题——认识论的焦点。科学和知识的发展受到特定利益、动机、需求和历史/文化背景的影响。为了确保科学以最适合印度尼西亚社会的方式发展,这种发展必须植根于印度尼西亚现有的文化价值观,例如爪哇文化中的价值观。本研究试图将爪哇认识论作为印尼科学发展的基础。它发现,首先,知识在爪哇人中被称为“kawruh”;其次,知识并不总是局限于认知维度;第三,真理的一个具体标准是和谐,或“pener”。爪哇人认为“rasa”能够把人类带到最高的知识。虽然客观知识是存在的,但每个人对现实的成就是不同的。爪哇人认为陈述/行为的有效性或真实性根植于他们与真理的经验理性原则和现有秩序的和谐,遵循谚语“bener turn pener”。
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引用次数: 1
Wong Ndhuwur, Wong Ngisor: Local Community and Post-disaster Tourism in Kinahrejo Wong Ndhuwur, Wong Ngisor: Kinahrejo的当地社区和灾后旅游
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.22146/JH.57693
Jordyna Austine Xaviera Susanto, Wiwik Sushartami
This research has two objectives. First, it aims to determine the perspective of the local community towards the commodification of disaster tourism in Kinahrejo, one year following the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Second, it aims to identify the implication of the local community’s involvement in the new tourism activities. Referring to the indicators of residents’ perceptions of involvement in post-disaster tourism development (Wright, 2014), semi-structured interviews of seven informants were conducted and several more casual conversations were held with a larger group. Two types of responses from the local community were indicated based on the respondents’ varying involvement in tourism activities. On one hand, members of the local community who benefit from employment in tourism activities have positive perspectives towards the commodification of disaster tourism in Kinahrejo. On the other hand, those who do not participate in tourism activities regard it negatively as it is not beneficial to them. Another important finding shows that the variation in involvement in the new tourism activities has caused a split in the community into two groups, namely wong ndhuwur and wong ngisor.
这项研究有两个目的。首先,它旨在确定当地社区对2010年默拉皮火山爆发一年后Kinahrejo灾难旅游商品化的看法。其次,它旨在确定当地社区参与新的旅游活动的含义。参考居民参与灾后旅游发展的感知指标(Wright, 2014),对7名线人进行了半结构化访谈,并与更大的群体进行了几次更随意的对话。根据受访者参与旅游活动的不同程度,显示了当地社区的两种反应。一方面,受益于旅游活动就业的当地社区成员对Kinahrejo灾害旅游的商品化持积极态度。另一方面,那些不参加旅游活动的人认为它是消极的,因为它对他们没有好处。另一项重要的发现表明,参与新旅游活动的变化导致社区分裂为两个群体,即wong ndhuwur和wong ngisor。
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引用次数: 2
Kendala Calon Pendidik Dalam Membuat Soal Pilihan Ganda Higher Order Thinking (Hot)
Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.12962/j24433527.v13i1.6746
Joan Hesti Gita Purwasih
This study shows the causes of sociology education students' difficulties in making higher order thinking (HOT) tests. The method applied is the mix method through FGD data collection and questionnaires. The results showed that it was difficult for students to make HOT questions because 1) it was challenging to create stimulus questions, 2) lack of understanding of sociology material, 3) lack of mastery of Bloom's taxonomy application, 4) insufficient learning time, and 5) lecturer explanations were not good. Therefore, recommendations for effective learning improvement are needed, including using the principle of discovery learning
本研究揭示了社会学教育学生在进行高阶思维测验时出现困难的原因。采用的方法是通过FGD数据收集和问卷调查的混合方法。结果表明,学生制作HOT题的难度主要有:1)刺激题制作难度大;2)对社会学材料的理解不足;3)对Bloom分类法应用的掌握不足;4)学习时间不足;5)讲师讲解不到位。因此,需要提出有效改进学习的建议,包括使用发现学习的原则
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引用次数: 6
Food Offerings of Ngesur Tanah Salvation in Belikurip Village, Wonogiri Regency: An Ethnolinguistic Study 沃诺里摄政Belikurip村Ngesur Tanah救世的食物供应:一项民族语言学研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.22146/jh.26321
Imam Baehaqie
The purpose of this study was to describe the cultural significance of food offerings in ngesur tanah salvation in Belikurip Village, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia using an ethnolinguistic approach. In data collection, the researcher employed observation and conversation methods which were then analyzed by the ethnographic method by utilizing the triangular meaning proposed by Lyons (1977). It discovered 10 names of food: (1) tumpeng bathok bolu, (2) tumpeng ungkur-ungkuran, (3) undur-undur, (4) tumpeng gung, (5) tumpeng krumpul, (6) tumpeng marga pakewuh, (7) tumpeng obor, (8) sekul suci, (9) samiran, and (10) jenang sepuh. The essence of the offering is the request for salvation for the departed soul and for the family left behind. The results of this study indicate that the use of language (food names) reflect a cultural phenomenon, namely the religious system of offerings from individuals who believe that the deceased’s spirit remains alive and is fully responsible for his or her actions while living in the world. There also appears to be acculturation with other beliefs and religions.
本研究的目的是用民族语言学的方法描述印度尼西亚中爪哇沃诺吉里Belikurip村ngesur tanah救助中食物供应的文化意义。在数据收集方面,研究者采用观察法和谈话法,然后利用Lyons(1977)提出的三角意义,采用民族志方法进行分析。它发现了10种食物的名字:(1)tumpeng bathok bolu, (2) tumpeng ungkur-ungkuran, (3) undur-undur, (4) tumpeng gung, (5) tumpeng krumpul, (6) tumpeng marga pakewuh, (7) tumpeng obor, (8) sekul sui, (9) samiran, (10) jenang sepuh。祭品的本质是为逝去的灵魂和留在身后的家人请求救赎。这项研究的结果表明,语言(食物名称)的使用反映了一种文化现象,即个人祭祀的宗教制度,他们相信死者的灵魂仍然活着,并对他或她在世界上的行为完全负责。似乎也有与其他信仰和宗教的文化适应。
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引用次数: 0
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