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Role of complementary foods in the development of children’s food preferences and nutritional status 补充食品在儿童食物偏好和营养状况发展中的作用
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-50-57
N. Bogdanova, A. Khavkin, V. Novikova, K. A. Kravtsova
Objective. To evaluate the influence of different patterns of complementary feeding on the formation of nutritional behavior and nutritional status in children between 6 and 12 months old. Patients and methods. The study included 86 practically healthy children; the duration of observation was 10.65 ± 3.65 weeks. Children in the study group (n = 46) received only commercially produced complementary foods; children in the comparison group (n = 40) received both commercially produced and homemade foods. In the study group, parents accurately followed the recommendations on the order, timing, and amount of introduction of complementary foods. Tolerance and nutritional behavior were assessed using specially designed questionnaires. The dynamics of nutritional status against the background of complementary feeding were evaluated. Results. Most of the children tolerated the introduced complementary food products, both commercially produced and homemade, and had average parameters of physical development and nutritional status. Skin manifestations of food allergy (19.6% in the study group, 17.5% in the comparison group) to the following commercially produced complementary foods were revealed: dairyfree buckwheat porridge and any milk porridge, cauliflower, pumpkin, zucchini; and to homemade foods: fish, strawberries, pumpkin. Dyspepsia in the form of increased/decreased frequency of defecation was detected in 13 and 22.5% of children in the study group and comparison group, respectively. Uncontrolled introduction of complementary foods in the comparison group (early introduction of fruit or berry puree, milk porridge, cottage cheese) was accompanied by a 3.5-fold increase in the number of children with excess body weight during the observation period. Rapid substitution of one product with another when a child refused to eat the complementary food product did not allow a positive attitude towards new foods to be formed. In the study group, 10 (66.6%) out of 15 children with an initially negative attitude towards complementary foods agreed to eat the previously unpreferable product, in the comparison group – 1 child out of 4 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The timing and order of introducing complementary foods is essential for children to develop proper eating behavior and optimal food preferences. Key words: food preferences, complementary foods, breastfeeding, eating behavior
目标。评价不同辅食方式对6 ~ 12月龄婴幼儿营养行为形成及营养状况的影响。患者和方法。这项研究包括86名基本健康的儿童;观察时间为10.65±3.65周。研究组的儿童(n = 46)只吃市售辅食;对照组(n = 40)的儿童既吃商业生产的食物,也吃自制的食物。在研究小组中,父母准确地遵循了辅食的顺序、时间和引入量的建议。使用专门设计的问卷评估耐受性和营养行为。在补饲的背景下,评估了营养状况的动态。结果。大多数儿童耐受引入的辅食产品,无论是商业生产的还是自制的,并且具有平均的身体发育和营养状况参数。对以下商业生产的辅食出现食物过敏的皮肤表现(研究组19.6%,对照组17.5%):无乳荞麦粥和任何牛奶粥、花椰菜、南瓜、西葫芦;还有自制食物:鱼、草莓、南瓜。研究组和对照组分别有13%和22.5%的儿童出现排便频率增加/减少的消化不良症状。对照组不加控制地引入辅食(早期引入水果或浆果泥、牛奶粥、白干酪),在观察期间体重超标的儿童数量增加了3.5倍。当孩子拒绝吃辅食产品时,用一种产品快速替代另一种产品,不能形成对新食物的积极态度。在研究组中,最初对辅食持消极态度的15名儿童中有10名(66.6%)同意食用以前不喜欢的产品,而在对照组中- 4名儿童中有1名(p < 0.05)。结论。引入辅食的时间和顺序对儿童形成适当的饮食行为和最佳食物偏好至关重要。关键词:食物偏好;辅食;母乳喂养
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引用次数: 0
Bacteria and viruses in breast milk 母乳中的细菌和病毒
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-74-82
N. N. Smirnova, A. Khavkin, N. Kuprienko, V. Novikova
Advances in sequencing technology have enabled more detailed analysis of breast milk that contributes to better understanding of microbiome composition and diversity, identifying several hundred species of bacteria. This review provides data on the characteristics of the breast milk microbiome, including the content of viruses, fungi, and archaea. The composition of milk viruses depends on the same conditions as the composition of bacteria. Bacteriophages form the main component of the breast milk virome. Data on the content of fungi and archaea are scarce. The study of the composition of breast milk is of practical importance, making it possible to bring the composition of artificial substitutes closer to the natural source of infant nutrition. Key words: microbiota, breast milk, microbiome, virome, archeome, mycobiome
测序技术的进步使得对母乳进行更详细的分析,有助于更好地了解微生物组的组成和多样性,识别出数百种细菌。这篇综述提供了母乳微生物群特征的数据,包括病毒、真菌和古生菌的含量。牛奶病毒的组成取决于与细菌组成相同的条件。噬菌体是母乳病毒的主要组成部分。关于真菌和古细菌含量的数据很少。对母乳成分的研究具有实际意义,使人工代用品的成分更接近婴儿营养的天然来源成为可能。关键词:微生物群,母乳,微生物组,病毒组,考古组,真菌组
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引用次数: 1
The content of essential nutrients in expanded gluten-free grains and its use in cereal bars for children 膨化无麸质谷物中必需营养素的含量及其在儿童谷物棒中的应用
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-83-86
S. Urubkov, S. Khovanskaya, S. Smirnov
The objective. Determination of the content of main nutrients in expanded gluten-free grains for the purpose of its use in the development of grain bars for children over three years old. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the expanded grain of gluten-free crops: millet, rice, buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa. The study of the content of the main food substances was carried out by infrared spectroscopy. Results. As a result of the conducted studies, data were obtained on the content of the main nutrients: proteins, fats and carbohydrates, including mono- and disaccharides, as well as dietary fibers. The protein content in the expanded grain is in the range from 7.4 to 12.0%. A high level of protein content is noted in millet and buckwheat grains. The least amount of protein is found in rice. Fats are contained in the range from 1.1% (in rice) to 4.3% (in amaranth). The content of digestible carbohydrates in most of the studied samples of exposed gluten-free grains is at the level of 68.8–71.6%. The largest amount of carbohydrates is determined in the expanded grain of rice – 81.2%. In all the samples under consideration, there is a small amount of simple sugars – 1.3–2.1%. Indigestible carbohydrates are contained in the range from 2.9 to 8.1%, and the largest amount of them is contained in the amaranth grain. The calculation of the content of the main nutrients and the energy value of gluten-free cereal bars using the studied expanded grain was carried out. According to the data obtained, children over the age of three years consuming 100 g of gluten-free cereal bars on average will satisfy the daily need by 6.9%, including vegetable protein – by 19.6%; fats – 1.3%, carbohydrates – 23.1%, including dietary fiber – 7.3% and energy – 14.5%. Conclusion. The relatively high content of vegetable protein, carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, low content of simple sugars and fat in the expanded grain of the gluten-free crops under consideration, as well as the calculation of meeting the recommended daily needs of the child in main nutrients and energy indicate the prospects for the development of gluten-free products in the form of grain bars for children over three years old, which will contribute to safely improve the provision of grain-based nutrients to patients with various forms of gluten intolerance. Keywords: children over three years old, expanded grain, gluten intolerance, gluten-free products, grain bars
我们的目标。测定膨化无麸质谷物中主要营养素的含量,以用于三岁以上儿童谷物棒的开发。材料和方法。这项研究的对象是无麸质作物的扩展谷物:小米、大米、荞麦、苋菜和藜麦。采用红外光谱法对主要食品物质的含量进行了研究。结果。通过所进行的研究,获得了主要营养素含量的数据:蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物,包括单糖和双糖,以及膳食纤维。膨化后籽粒蛋白质含量为7.4% ~ 12.0%。小米和荞麦的蛋白质含量很高。大米中蛋白质含量最少。脂肪的含量从1.1%(大米)到4.3%(苋菜)不等。大部分无麸质谷物暴露样品的可消化碳水化合物含量在68.8-71.6%之间。大米中碳水化合物含量最高,为81.2%。在所有考虑的样品中,有少量的单糖- 1.3-2.1%。不可消化的碳水化合物含量在2.9 - 8.1%之间,其中苋菜籽粒所含的碳水化合物最多。利用所研究的膨化谷物对无谷蛋白谷物棒进行了主要营养成分含量和能量值的计算。根据获得的数据,3岁以上儿童平均食用100克无麸质谷物棒可满足6.9%的每日需求,其中植物蛋白可满足19.6%;脂肪占1.3%,碳水化合物占23.1%,包括膳食纤维占7.3%,能量占14.5%。结论。所研究的无谷蛋白作物膨化粒中植物蛋白、碳水化合物(包括膳食纤维)含量较高,单糖和脂肪含量较低,以及主要营养物质和能量满足儿童每日推荐需用量的计算表明,3岁以上儿童无谷蛋白谷物棒产品的发展前景良好。这将有助于安全地为各种麸质不耐症患者提供以谷物为基础的营养。关键词:三岁以上儿童,膨化谷物,麸质不耐症,无麸质产品,谷物棒
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引用次数: 0
Body composition assessment in the study of physical development of children with atopic dermatitis 体成分评价在特应性皮炎患儿身体发育研究中的应用
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-44-52
O. Sazonova, N. Migacheva, M. Nurdina, D. A. Rakcheeva, M. Gavryushin
The physical development of children can be considered as a marker of nutritional adequacy. Atopic dermatitis often co-occurs with food allergies. Avoiding a range of foods can affect the physical development of the child. An important parameter characterizing the level of physical development and reflecting the child’s nutritional status is the body mass index (BMI). However, BMI does not always adequately assess the degree of fat deposition at the individual level. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a promising direction in the early diagnosis of changes in the body composition of the child before changes in anthropometric parameters appear. BIA allows for a rapid assessment of body composition, but reference BIA values for younger children are unknown. The phase angle serves as an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes and the total amount of fluid in the body. Reference values for the phase angle are necessary to estimate individual patient deviations in relation to the population average. However, as far as is known, these data are not available for children under five years of age. In this review, the authors consider the possibilities of various methods in assessing the physical development of children with atopic dermatitis. Key words: atopic dermatitis, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical development
儿童的身体发育可以被认为是营养充足的标志。特应性皮炎常与食物过敏同时发生。不吃各种食物会影响孩子的身体发育。身体质量指数(BMI)是表征身体发育水平和反映儿童营养状况的一个重要参数。然而,BMI并不总是能在个体水平上充分评估脂肪沉积的程度。在人体测量参数出现变化之前,生物阻抗分析(BIA)是早期诊断儿童身体成分变化的一个有前途的方向。BIA允许快速评估身体成分,但对年幼儿童的参考BIA值尚不清楚。相位角可以作为细胞膜完整性和体内液体总量的指标。相位角的参考值对于估计个体患者相对于总体平均值的偏差是必要的。然而,就目前所知,这些数据并不适用于5岁以下儿童。在这篇综述中,作者考虑了评估特应性皮炎儿童身体发育的各种方法的可能性。关键词:特应性皮炎,生物电阻抗分析,生理发育
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引用次数: 0
Kwashiorkor: pathophysiological aspects and solutions 夸希奥尔病:病理生理方面和解决办法
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-71-80
L. D. Sorokina, E. Marchenko, A. Zavyalova, V. Novikova, A. Khavkin
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition known since 1995. It is observed worldwide in regions with high levels of hunger and poverty, especially where the diet consists primarily of carbohydrate-rich foods. This pathology has been reported among hundreds of thousands of children in the world. The clinical presentation of kwashiorkor resembles the symptoms of essential amino acid deficiency, which suggests that not only protein malnutrition, but also disorders of the methionine cycle take part in the pathogenesis of the disease. The study of capillary ultrastructure has shown that edema is the result of increased permeability of microvessels to protein macromolecules, including albumin. Plasma proteins are usually retained in the intravascular space by the endothelial glycocalyx, damage to which leads to edema. Oxidative stress contributes to lower levels of vitamin E and glutathione. An imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants leads to mitochondrial damage, which reduces ATP production and impairs liver function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion together with nutrient deficiency may contribute to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Three clinical parameters are used to assess the severity of kwashiorkor: mid-arm muscle circumference, body mass index, and the presence of localized symmetric edema. In the absence of timely treatment in the early stages, children may have serious complications, including shock, coma, physical and mental disorders. Normalization of physiological and metabolic functions in patients with kwashiorkor is a complex task. The three-step approach to treating children with severe protein-energy malnutrition recommended by the World Health Organization includes stabilization, rehabilitation, and recurrence prevention. The prognosis in the absence of treatment is unfavorable. Key words: protein-energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor, children
夸希奥尔营养不良是一种严重的蛋白质-能量营养不良,1995年就为人所知。在世界范围内,在饥饿和贫困程度高的地区,特别是在饮食主要由富含碳水化合物的食物组成的地区,都可以观察到这种现象。据报道,全世界有成千上万的儿童患有这种疾病。营养不良的临床表现类似必需氨基酸缺乏症的症状,这表明不仅蛋白质营养不良,而且蛋氨酸循环紊乱参与了疾病的发病机制。毛细血管超微结构的研究表明,水肿是微血管对蛋白质大分子(包括白蛋白)渗透性增加的结果。血浆蛋白通常被内皮糖萼保留在血管内空间,其损伤导致水肿。氧化应激导致维生素E和谷胱甘肽水平降低。活性氧和抗氧化剂水平之间的不平衡会导致线粒体损伤,从而减少ATP的产生,损害肝功能。线粒体功能障碍、ATP耗竭以及营养缺乏可能导致多器官功能障碍综合征的发生。三个临床参数被用来评估夸希奥尔科的严重程度:中臂肌肉围度、体重指数和局部对称性水肿的存在。如果在早期没有及时治疗,儿童可能会出现严重的并发症,包括休克、昏迷、身体和精神障碍。夸希营养不良患者的生理和代谢功能的正常化是一项复杂的任务。世界卫生组织推荐的治疗严重蛋白质-能量营养不良儿童的三步法包括稳定、康复和预防复发。未经治疗的预后是不利的。关键词:蛋白质-能量营养不良,夸希奥尔病,儿童
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引用次数: 0
Individual breast milk bank – a new reality 个人母乳银行——一个新的现实
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-66-71
A. S. Petrova, M. V. Kondratyev, A.S. Gryzunova, V.A. Krasnova, N. I. Zakharova, S.N. Lavrentyev, V. L. Krikunova, E. Kondratyeva, N. Odinaeva, A. Khavkin
Feeding sick and premature infants, who are temporarily unable to receive milk directly from the mother’s breast, with expressed or frozen milk is currently a non-alternative method of raising a baby. Expressed milk (defrosted immediately or in 3–6 months) is microbiologically a safe food for infants, which is superior to infant formulas. Regulatory documents and methodological recommendations in the Russian Federation provide opportunities to create not only human milk banks, but also individual breast milk banks of each mother intended for her baby. Key words: babies, premature infants, breastfeeding, individual breast milk bank, pumping, breast pumps, storage technology
暂时无法直接从母亲的乳房获得乳汁的生病婴儿和早产儿,目前用挤出的或冷冻的乳汁喂养是一种不可替代的抚养婴儿的方法。乳汁(立即解冻或3-6个月解冻)从微生物角度来说是一种安全的婴儿食品,优于婴儿配方奶粉。俄罗斯联邦的规范性文件和方法学建议不仅为建立母乳库提供了机会,而且还为每个母亲的婴儿建立了个人母乳库。关键词:婴儿,早产儿,母乳喂养,个体母乳库,抽吸,吸奶器,储存技术
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引用次数: 0
Lactase deficiency in patients with cow’s milk protein allergy – an individual approach to choosing infant formulas 牛奶蛋白过敏患者的乳糖酶缺乏——选择婴儿配方奶粉的个体方法
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-21-31
S. Makarova, A. Fisenko, A. Lebedeva
The similarity of clinical symptoms of lactase deficiency and cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), as well as a frequent combination of these pathologies in the form of secondary hypolactasia against the background of CMPA often lead to under-diagnosis of CMPA and erroneous prescription of lactose-free and low-lactose formulas to children with food allergies. Children with the combination of CMPA and secondary lactase deficiency require complete elimination of milk protein from their diet and selection of extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formulas in the absence or lack of breastfeeding. At the same time, exclusion of lactose from the child’s diet is not required in the absence of gastrointestinal manifestations of CMPA, and in the presence of secondary lactase deficiency against the background of CMPA, it is required only until gastrointestinal symptoms are relieved. Therefore, when remission of gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies is achieved, it is recommended to transfer children to extensively hydrolyzed formulas containing lactose, since therapeutic formulas with lactose provide beneficial effects, including on the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome. This article presents a detailed analysis of literature and proposes an algorithm for individual selection of therapeutic formulas for children with CMPA, depending on clinical manifestations. Key words: cow’s milk protein allergy, amino acid-based formulas, extensively hydrolyzed formulas, children, lactase deficiency, infants, nutrition, food allergy
乳糖酶缺乏症和牛奶蛋白过敏(CMPA)的临床症状相似,且在CMPA的背景下,这些病理常以继发性乳酸缺乏症的形式合并,导致对CMPA的诊断不足,以及对食物过敏儿童错误地开具无乳糖和低乳糖配方奶粉。患有CMPA和继发性乳糖酶缺乏症的儿童需要在没有或缺乏母乳喂养的情况下,从饮食中完全消除乳蛋白,并选择广泛水解或氨基酸配方奶粉。同时,在没有CMPA胃肠道表现的情况下,不需要从孩子的饮食中排除乳糖,在CMPA背景下存在继发性乳糖酶缺乏的情况下,只需要直到胃肠道症状缓解为止。因此,当食物过敏的胃肠道症状得到缓解时,建议将儿童转移到含有乳糖的广泛水解配方中,因为含有乳糖的治疗配方可以提供有益的效果,包括肠道微生物群和粪便代谢组。本文对文献进行了详细的分析,并提出了一种基于临床表现的CMPA儿童治疗方案的个性化选择算法。关键词:牛奶蛋白过敏,氨基酸配方奶粉,广泛水解配方奶粉,儿童,乳糖酶缺乏,婴儿,营养,食物过敏
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引用次数: 0
Changes in lipid peroxidation system during standard therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex 不同性别青少年外源性体质性肥胖标准治疗期间脂质过氧化系统的变化
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-5-11
M. Darenskaya, L. V. Rychkova, S. Kolesnikov, O. Kravtsova, N. Semenova, A. Brichagina, L. Kolesnikova
Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity
目标。揭示不同性别青少年外源性体质性肥胖标准非药物治疗背景下脂质过氧化参数和抗氧化保护成分的变化。患者和方法。在非药物治疗前后对46名12-17岁的肥胖青少年进行了检查。对照组包括36名健康青少年。我们分析了脂质过氧化产物-共轭二烯(CD)、酮二烯和共轭三烯(KD和CT)的组成、tba活性产物和抗氧化保护因子的活性:总抗氧化活性(AOA)、α-生育酚、视黄醇、还原性和氧化性谷胱甘肽(GSH、GSSG)水平、它们的比值(GSH/GSSG比值)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。采用分光光度法和荧光法。结果。与对照组相比,肥胖男性青少年的主要脂质过氧化产物CD(1.35倍,p = 0.001)和抗氧化保护因子总AOA(1.16倍,p = 0.036)和SOD活性(1.49倍,p < 0.0001)值较低,而次要产物KD和CT(1.42倍,p = 0.046)升高。男性青少年的标准治疗并没有导致研究参数的正常化。外源性体质型肥胖女性青少年总AOA值(1.4倍,p = 0.0001)、SOD活性(1.42倍,p < 0.0001)和α-生育酚(1.33倍,p = 0.012)均显著低于对照组。标准治疗后,GSSG水平升高(1.14倍,p = 0.029)。结论。研究显示,肥胖青少年的促氧化和抗氧化状态出现了负面变化,经过一个疗程的标准治疗后,这种变化没有正常化。通过抗氧化药物的处方进行额外的药理学纠正变得相关。关键词:抗氧化保护;标准治疗;氧化应激
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引用次数: 1
Glucose-galactose malabsorption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, diet therapy 葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良:发病机制、诊断、饮食治疗
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-68-74
E. Roslavtseva, M. Varichkina, T. Bushueva, К.А. Kazakova, V. Skvortsova, T. Borovik, A. Fisenko
Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption is an orphan autosomal recessive life-threatening disease resulting from a selective defect in the intestinal glucose and galactose/sodium co-transport system in the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. In glucose-galactose malabsorption, glucose, galactose, as well as di- and polysaccharides: starch, dextrins, maltose, sucrose, lactose cannot be absorbed. The disease manifests itself in the neonatal period in the form of severe watery osmotic diarrhea, leading to rapid dehydration and metabolic acidosis. The only treatment is diet therapy with the exclusion of all carbohydrates except fructose. In infants with glucose-galactose malabsorption, diet therapy using specialized formulas with fructose as a carbohydrate component is vital. Subsequently, such infants need the introduction of low-carbohydrate complementary foods with primarily fructose content. The article presents a clinical example of the disease course and its successful dietary correction in an infant using a specialized formula and a specific diet. Key words: congenital diarrheal disorders, glucose-galactose malabsorption, infants, diet therapy, specialized milk formula based on fructose
先天性葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,由肠细胞刷状边缘膜中肠道葡萄糖和半乳糖/钠共转运系统的选择性缺陷引起。在葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良时,葡萄糖、半乳糖以及二糖和多糖:淀粉、糊精、麦芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖不能被吸收。该病在新生儿期表现为严重的水样渗透性腹泻,导致迅速脱水和代谢性酸中毒。唯一的治疗方法是饮食疗法,除果糖外,不含所有碳水化合物。对于患有葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良的婴儿,使用含有果糖作为碳水化合物成分的专门配方的饮食疗法至关重要。随后,这些婴儿需要引入主要含果糖的低碳水化合物辅食。本文介绍了一个临床例子,疾病的过程和其成功的饮食纠正在一个婴儿使用专门的配方和特定的饮食。关键词:先天性腹泻,葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良,婴儿,食疗,果糖配方奶粉
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引用次数: 0
Features of early postoperative period in children with gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 新冠肺炎背景下胃肠综合征患儿术后早期的特点
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-45-49
T. Avdeeva, I. F. Ostreykov, R. K. Usachev, E. A. Moskalenko, A. Usacheva
Objective. To study the features of the development and course of gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 in preschool-aged children hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Department with acute abdominal pain. Patients and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation at Smolensk Regional Clinical Hospital between September 1, 2021, and December 30, 2021. Using continuous sampling, we analyzed clinical data of 29 children aged 4 to 7 years with acute abdominal pain against the background of COVID-19. The course of COVID-19 in children who were discharged from the Pediatric Surgery Department after exclusion of acute surgical pathology was studied in dynamics. Results. The disease manifested itself as an acute diffuse abdominal pain and hyperthermia in 100% of children; 65% of children had vomiting, and 56.25% of them had diarrhea. Seven (24%) children required diagnostic laparoscopy, of whom 5 children had no surgical pathology and 2 were diagnosed with adhesions. Laparoscopy revealed mesadenitis in all patients. Conclusion. Acute surgical pathology and gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 have similar manifestations during the acute period in children. Surgical interventions performed against the background of COVID-19 in the acute period provoke complications and prolong the recovery period. Key words: children, COVID-19, gastrointestinal syndrome, acute surgical pathology in children
目标。目的研究新冠肺炎背景下小儿外科住院的学龄前急性腹痛患儿胃肠道综合征的发展及病程特点。患者和方法。该研究于2021年9月1日至2021年12月30日期间在斯摩棱斯克地区临床医院的儿科外科、麻醉科和复苏科进行。采用连续抽样的方法,对29例4 ~ 7岁急性腹痛患儿的临床资料进行分析。对小儿外科排除急性外科病理后出院的患儿的新冠肺炎病程进行动态研究。结果。100%的儿童表现为急性弥漫性腹痛和高热;65%的儿童出现呕吐,56.25%的儿童出现腹泻。7例患儿(24%)需要诊断性腹腔镜检查,其中5例患儿无手术病理,2例患儿诊断为粘连。腹腔镜检查均发现肠系膜炎。结论。新冠肺炎背景下的急性外科病理和胃肠道综合征在儿童急性期具有相似的表现。在COVID-19背景下,在急性期进行手术干预会引起并发症,延长恢复期。关键词:儿童,COVID-19,胃肠道综合征,儿童急性外科病理
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Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii
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