Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-2-111-121
L. V. Kopot
This article is supposed to prove an assumption that scientific and technical texts in academic discourse are void of gender specificities which get neutralized. The scientific novelty of the study is in survey and description of discursive gender means in scientific and technical articles, identification of gender-neutral language means equally used by both men and women in scientific texts. The proposed study reflects the linguistic features of achieving gender neutrality in scientific texts written by men or women. The study is aimed at more careful thought of gender neutrality and gender markedness of discourse. The data for study is the texts of articles presented in the journal of “ Current Issues of Oil and Gas”( The I.M. Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences) schedulized in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia. The journals publish the scientific achievements in the oil and gas industry. The read out included texts from 2009 till 2022. In total, 60 texts of scientific and technical articles written both by men and women have been analyzed. A comparative method is used to draw an analogy between similar phenomena presented by authors of different genders; a componential analysis ; discourse-analytic approaches for pointing out sustained discursive formulae in scientific discourse. The article presents institutional features of the scientific discourse, articulates the concepts of gender markedness and gender neutrality. The characteristic linguistic properties of the gender neutrality in the scientific discourse are revealed. The discursive and lexico-grammatical analyses of the scientific and technical texts written both by men and women extracted a trend to neutralization of gender in scientific discourse. Gender markedness of the discourse is specified through either implicit or explicit linguistic gender properties. The gender neutrality of the scientific discourse is meant the usage of discursive formulas and lexical units which do not indicate the communicators’ gender parameters. The survey of scientific articles published in technical journals demonstrated zero gender differences in scientific discourse between male and female authors’ texts. Thus, according to research carried out Russian scientific discourse is specified by a consistent trend in gender neutralization which is proved by a lack of gender marked discursive and linguistic means pointing at gender properties of the authors. A scientific article as a genre of scientific discourse contains specific evaluative vocabulary used by both men and women. Although scientific functional style is void of expressive means the research points out a tendency to use colloquial expressions, idiomatic units and also descriptive-representational devices such as metaphors and adjectives in superlative degree. Directions for future research are seen in the development of a universal for diffe
{"title":"GENDER NEUTRALITY IN SCIENTIFIC RUSSIAN DISCOURSE","authors":"L. V. Kopot","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-2-111-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-2-111-121","url":null,"abstract":"This article is supposed to prove an assumption that scientific and technical texts in academic discourse are void of gender specificities which get neutralized. The scientific novelty of the study is in survey and description of discursive gender means in scientific and technical articles, identification of gender-neutral language means equally used by both men and women in scientific texts. The proposed study reflects the linguistic features of achieving gender neutrality in scientific texts written by men or women. The study is aimed at more careful thought of gender neutrality and gender markedness of discourse. The data for study is the texts of articles presented in the journal of “ Current Issues of Oil and Gas”( The I.M. Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences) schedulized in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia. The journals publish the scientific achievements in the oil and gas industry. The read out included texts from 2009 till 2022. In total, 60 texts of scientific and technical articles written both by men and women have been analyzed. A comparative method is used to draw an analogy between similar phenomena presented by authors of different genders; a componential analysis ; discourse-analytic approaches for pointing out sustained discursive formulae in scientific discourse. The article presents institutional features of the scientific discourse, articulates the concepts of gender markedness and gender neutrality. The characteristic linguistic properties of the gender neutrality in the scientific discourse are revealed. The discursive and lexico-grammatical analyses of the scientific and technical texts written both by men and women extracted a trend to neutralization of gender in scientific discourse. Gender markedness of the discourse is specified through either implicit or explicit linguistic gender properties. The gender neutrality of the scientific discourse is meant the usage of discursive formulas and lexical units which do not indicate the communicators’ gender parameters. The survey of scientific articles published in technical journals demonstrated zero gender differences in scientific discourse between male and female authors’ texts. Thus, according to research carried out Russian scientific discourse is specified by a consistent trend in gender neutralization which is proved by a lack of gender marked discursive and linguistic means pointing at gender properties of the authors. A scientific article as a genre of scientific discourse contains specific evaluative vocabulary used by both men and women. Although scientific functional style is void of expressive means the research points out a tendency to use colloquial expressions, idiomatic units and also descriptive-representational devices such as metaphors and adjectives in superlative degree. Directions for future research are seen in the development of a universal for diffe","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67637617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-32-42
E. Troshchenkova, E. Rudneva
The article aims at analyzing LEGAL DOCUMENT within the framework of conceptualization to create specific forms of mental representations such as scientific concepts. This specific case is used to model the formation of special knowledge and diagnose the problems that the expert community may encounter when using the classical attribute approach with binary oppositions in the content of the defined concept. We tried to show how both in written and spoken discourse lawyers fail to find common and essential features, which would unite all the elements included in the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT and simultaneously differentiate it from documents of non-legal nature. Despite the fact that the phrase “legal document” is repeatedly mentioned in textbooks on the theory of state and law, often a self-evident expression, legal researchers admit that the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT is difficult to define and there is a lot of controversy about it within the professional community. The study considered a) fragments of theoretical works (articles and monographs) and textbooks with explicit definitions of “legal document” and discussions of definitions by other authors, as well as other contexts of using “legal document” in scientific legal discourse and legal documents themselves; and b) oral statements of practicing lawyers on their understanding of what a “legal document” is - fragments of 5 semi-structured interviews. Cognitive-discursive and socio- and anthropolinguistic approaches were used for material analysis. Structural, lexical-semantic and conceptual analysis of the proposed definitions and quasi-definitions, as well as conversational analysis of the interviews were carried out. Individual statements were further considered in the broader context of reasoning about the problem, taking into account the general logic of argumentation development, the coherence/inconsistency of judgments both by different speakers and in the reasoning of one speaker, contradictions of examples of the formulated position, focusing/defocusing. Conversational analysis also took into account hesitation markers, prosody and extralinguistic multimodal data to reason about mental processes of the interviewees. The study shows that we seem to be dealing with an attempt to delineate with the traditional logical definition the boundaries of a scientific concept, which is based on the pre-existing and well-formed fragment of everyday knowledge, having slightly different structure and resisting such definition methods. As a concept of everyday consciousness, it would seem productive to describe the LEGAL DOCUMENT from the position of family resemblance as a fuzzy set of partially overlapping elements (without uniform feature(s), or some of them being a continuum of graded parameters). Such mental representation could be conveniently described through the idea of prototypes with good and bad examples of the category. However, the lawyers in legal discourse intermittently try to use t
{"title":"THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL DOCUMENT IN THE PROFESSIONAL SPHERE","authors":"E. Troshchenkova, E. Rudneva","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-32-42","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at analyzing LEGAL DOCUMENT within the framework of conceptualization to create specific forms of mental representations such as scientific concepts. This specific case is used to model the formation of special knowledge and diagnose the problems that the expert community may encounter when using the classical attribute approach with binary oppositions in the content of the defined concept. We tried to show how both in written and spoken discourse lawyers fail to find common and essential features, which would unite all the elements included in the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT and simultaneously differentiate it from documents of non-legal nature. Despite the fact that the phrase “legal document” is repeatedly mentioned in textbooks on the theory of state and law, often a self-evident expression, legal researchers admit that the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT is difficult to define and there is a lot of controversy about it within the professional community. The study considered a) fragments of theoretical works (articles and monographs) and textbooks with explicit definitions of “legal document” and discussions of definitions by other authors, as well as other contexts of using “legal document” in scientific legal discourse and legal documents themselves; and b) oral statements of practicing lawyers on their understanding of what a “legal document” is - fragments of 5 semi-structured interviews. Cognitive-discursive and socio- and anthropolinguistic approaches were used for material analysis. Structural, lexical-semantic and conceptual analysis of the proposed definitions and quasi-definitions, as well as conversational analysis of the interviews were carried out. Individual statements were further considered in the broader context of reasoning about the problem, taking into account the general logic of argumentation development, the coherence/inconsistency of judgments both by different speakers and in the reasoning of one speaker, contradictions of examples of the formulated position, focusing/defocusing. Conversational analysis also took into account hesitation markers, prosody and extralinguistic multimodal data to reason about mental processes of the interviewees. The study shows that we seem to be dealing with an attempt to delineate with the traditional logical definition the boundaries of a scientific concept, which is based on the pre-existing and well-formed fragment of everyday knowledge, having slightly different structure and resisting such definition methods. As a concept of everyday consciousness, it would seem productive to describe the LEGAL DOCUMENT from the position of family resemblance as a fuzzy set of partially overlapping elements (without uniform feature(s), or some of them being a continuum of graded parameters). Such mental representation could be conveniently described through the idea of prototypes with good and bad examples of the category. However, the lawyers in legal discourse intermittently try to use t","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67637887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-16-30
I. Zykova
The article contains the results of a comparative study of linguistic creativity, carried out on the material of a screenplay and a film, representing discourses with different types of modality. The author has developed the criteria for selecting research material and an algorithm for its analysis by means of the method of parameterization of linguistic creativity. The research has established the elements of the text of the screenplay and the verbal system of the film, which are relevant and irrelevant for the study of linguistic creativity in these types of works. The data obtained reveal a variability in the use of linguocreative means in the screenplay and film, which is an important indicator of the text transformations produced. It is shown that the specificity of the linguocreative modeling of the screenplay and the film is determined by the difference in the activity of the lexical parameters of linguistic creativity that quantitatively prevail in both studied works. The method elaborated and the results obtained help to step further towards the goal of understanding the phenomena of linguistic and multimodal creativity.
{"title":"LINGUOCREATIVE MODELING OF DISCOURSES OF DIFFERENT MODALITY IN CONTRAST: SCREENPLAY VS. FILM","authors":"I. Zykova","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-16-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-16-30","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the results of a comparative study of linguistic creativity, carried out on the material of a screenplay and a film, representing discourses with different types of modality. The author has developed the criteria for selecting research material and an algorithm for its analysis by means of the method of parameterization of linguistic creativity. The research has established the elements of the text of the screenplay and the verbal system of the film, which are relevant and irrelevant for the study of linguistic creativity in these types of works. The data obtained reveal a variability in the use of linguocreative means in the screenplay and film, which is an important indicator of the text transformations produced. It is shown that the specificity of the linguocreative modeling of the screenplay and the film is determined by the difference in the activity of the lexical parameters of linguistic creativity that quantitatively prevail in both studied works. The method elaborated and the results obtained help to step further towards the goal of understanding the phenomena of linguistic and multimodal creativity.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67637920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-43-50
M. Latu
This article continues the series of studies devoted to the current problem of conflict Internet communication, the features of conflict-generating polycode texts and the issues of verbal and iconic representation of knowledge in their structure. In this regard, the primary goal is to establish the frequency of actualization of verbal component types used in the structure of graphic-verbal conflict polycode texts (Internet memes) of xenophobic nature, and their specificity in the representation of the content within the framework of the cognitive matrix “Friend or Foe”. The methods of content analysis, comparative analysis and quantification analysis were used to study the features of the verbal components and the language units in the considered polycode texts. It was determined that the most frequent verbal component types are “comment/statement”, “instruction”, “word/phrase-identifier”, less frequent are “dialogue situation”, “quote”, “definition of a concept”, “question/reflection”, “poetic text”. We paid attention to differences in the representation of knowledge and transmitted meanings of conflict nature by means of these types of verbal component. The results of the research may be applied in further studies devoted to the problem of verbal and iconic components correlating in polycode texts.
{"title":"Verbal component types in conflict-generating Internet-memes: frequency and specificity","authors":"M. Latu","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"This article continues the series of studies devoted to the current problem of conflict Internet communication, the features of conflict-generating polycode texts and the issues of verbal and iconic representation of knowledge in their structure. In this regard, the primary goal is to establish the frequency of actualization of verbal component types used in the structure of graphic-verbal conflict polycode texts (Internet memes) of xenophobic nature, and their specificity in the representation of the content within the framework of the cognitive matrix “Friend or Foe”. The methods of content analysis, comparative analysis and quantification analysis were used to study the features of the verbal components and the language units in the considered polycode texts. It was determined that the most frequent verbal component types are “comment/statement”, “instruction”, “word/phrase-identifier”, less frequent are “dialogue situation”, “quote”, “definition of a concept”, “question/reflection”, “poetic text”. We paid attention to differences in the representation of knowledge and transmitted meanings of conflict nature by means of these types of verbal component. The results of the research may be applied in further studies devoted to the problem of verbal and iconic components correlating in polycode texts.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67637976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-71-79
E. Malyuga, A.A. Khaperstkova
The subject matter of the article covers women’s emotional-evaluative lexis to study the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising, which determine the ways of influencing the critical thinking of the audience. The authors consider the theoretical prerequisites for applying the linguistic-cognitive approach as the key methodology to analyze the language of advertising in conjunction with the approaches used in the framework of gender linguistics. The relevance of the study stems from insufficient scientific coverage and the lack of a systematic description of the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising discourse in general, and the goals of using women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in the advertising text, in particular. Study results suggest that the main techniques implementing women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in an advertising text include anaphora, comparison, opposition, clarifying questions, hyperbolisation, etc. These language tools are used to promote generally accepted stereotypes and influence advertisement recipients - women who are the target audience of the advertised goods. Study results can be applied in further research covering the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising and gender-specific facets of emotional-evaluative lexis.
{"title":"THE LINGUISTIC-COGNITIVE ASPECT IN STUDYING WOMEN’S EMOTIONAL-EVALUATIVE LEXIS IN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE","authors":"E. Malyuga, A.A. Khaperstkova","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-71-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-71-79","url":null,"abstract":"The subject matter of the article covers women’s emotional-evaluative lexis to study the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising, which determine the ways of influencing the critical thinking of the audience. The authors consider the theoretical prerequisites for applying the linguistic-cognitive approach as the key methodology to analyze the language of advertising in conjunction with the approaches used in the framework of gender linguistics. The relevance of the study stems from insufficient scientific coverage and the lack of a systematic description of the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising discourse in general, and the goals of using women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in the advertising text, in particular. Study results suggest that the main techniques implementing women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in an advertising text include anaphora, comparison, opposition, clarifying questions, hyperbolisation, etc. These language tools are used to promote generally accepted stereotypes and influence advertisement recipients - women who are the target audience of the advertised goods. Study results can be applied in further research covering the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising and gender-specific facets of emotional-evaluative lexis.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-85-105
V. Melikyan, A. Melikyan
The article examines the phenomenon of grammaticalization on the material of syntactic constructions. The authors reveal the sources (linguistic means) of grammaticalization, their linguistic nature (causes of grammaticalization), determine the grammaticalization degree of each source; have formed a typology of sources for free and phraseologized syntactic constructions, have determined universal and unique sources; justified the allocation of syntactic sources proper. The paths of grammaticalization are described. Two means of grammaticalization have been established: the main one is the deactualization of the indicator, the secondary means is actualization. At the same time, both means lead to a generalization of lexical, grammatical and functional semantics, to decategorization or transcategorization of the language sign. Thus, we argue that in the field of syntactic constructions there is only one mechanism of grammaticalization - generalization / abstraction / expansion of the language sign meaning. We formulated the following definition of syntactic construction grammaticalization: grammaticalization of the compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme is the transition of a functional or notional lexeme (or a combination of lexemes) into a compulsory component of a phraseologized syntactic construction as a result of complete or partial deactualization of its lexical-morphological and syntactic meaning, i.e. the transition of language signs from the lexical-morphological sphere to the syntactic (syntaxization). The grammaticalization of the syntactic construction ultimately leads to the formation of a new linguistic tool (syntactic phraseological unit: a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme or fixed phrase) with new grammatical indicators, as well as a new way of representing both grammatical and dictum-modus (a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme) or only modus (fixed phrase) meaning.
{"title":"SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS: SOURCES, PATHS, MEANS AND MECHANISM OF GRAMMATICALIZATION","authors":"V. Melikyan, A. Melikyan","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-85-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-85-105","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the phenomenon of grammaticalization on the material of syntactic constructions. The authors reveal the sources (linguistic means) of grammaticalization, their linguistic nature (causes of grammaticalization), determine the grammaticalization degree of each source; have formed a typology of sources for free and phraseologized syntactic constructions, have determined universal and unique sources; justified the allocation of syntactic sources proper. The paths of grammaticalization are described. Two means of grammaticalization have been established: the main one is the deactualization of the indicator, the secondary means is actualization. At the same time, both means lead to a generalization of lexical, grammatical and functional semantics, to decategorization or transcategorization of the language sign. Thus, we argue that in the field of syntactic constructions there is only one mechanism of grammaticalization - generalization / abstraction / expansion of the language sign meaning. We formulated the following definition of syntactic construction grammaticalization: grammaticalization of the compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme is the transition of a functional or notional lexeme (or a combination of lexemes) into a compulsory component of a phraseologized syntactic construction as a result of complete or partial deactualization of its lexical-morphological and syntactic meaning, i.e. the transition of language signs from the lexical-morphological sphere to the syntactic (syntaxization). The grammaticalization of the syntactic construction ultimately leads to the formation of a new linguistic tool (syntactic phraseological unit: a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme or fixed phrase) with new grammatical indicators, as well as a new way of representing both grammatical and dictum-modus (a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme) or only modus (fixed phrase) meaning.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-5-16
L. Furs
The purpose of research is to consider the cognitive basis for the formation of fake information and describe the ways of giving this information the characteristics of truth. To achieve this goal, were applied the method of cognitive modeling and cognitive-discourse analysis. In information processing in order to impart truth characteristics to fake information, both cognitive and metacognitive levels are activated. Static declarative knowledge, which is obtained empirically and is stored in the human memory, is not sufficient for the authors of fake news. Such knowledge is objective and does not create the necessary associations. Due to the metacognitive level and its aspect - procedural knowledge, the authors of fake news manage to process the information in such a way that despite its unreliability, newly designed knowledge is perceived as true. This process involves the cognitive mechanisms of generalization, specification, cognitive metonymy, metaphtonymy, conceptual comparison, visualization, frame recurrence, concept substitution, and attention nesting. These mechanisms act as components of the procedural knowledge model which is the basis for the adaptability of fake news to truth indicators. All cognitive mechanisms are characterized by purposefulness, controllability, dynamism and interactivity. We see the prospect of further research in the need to compare the cognitive principles and mechanisms that are in demand in the elimination of cognitive dissonance in the perception of fake news by different authors and on the material of other languages.
{"title":"WAYS TO ELIMINATE DISSONANCE IN THE PERCEPTION OF FAKE NEWS: A COGNITIVE VIEW","authors":"L. Furs","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research is to consider the cognitive basis for the formation of fake information and describe the ways of giving this information the characteristics of truth. To achieve this goal, were applied the method of cognitive modeling and cognitive-discourse analysis. In information processing in order to impart truth characteristics to fake information, both cognitive and metacognitive levels are activated. Static declarative knowledge, which is obtained empirically and is stored in the human memory, is not sufficient for the authors of fake news. Such knowledge is objective and does not create the necessary associations. Due to the metacognitive level and its aspect - procedural knowledge, the authors of fake news manage to process the information in such a way that despite its unreliability, newly designed knowledge is perceived as true. This process involves the cognitive mechanisms of generalization, specification, cognitive metonymy, metaphtonymy, conceptual comparison, visualization, frame recurrence, concept substitution, and attention nesting. These mechanisms act as components of the procedural knowledge model which is the basis for the adaptability of fake news to truth indicators. All cognitive mechanisms are characterized by purposefulness, controllability, dynamism and interactivity. We see the prospect of further research in the need to compare the cognitive principles and mechanisms that are in demand in the elimination of cognitive dissonance in the perception of fake news by different authors and on the material of other languages.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67636622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-95-104
G. Lutfullina
The article is devoted to the examination of the size adjectives “big / small” functioning in the Tatar and English languages. When combined with a person’s names differences and similarities in both languages are observed. The isomorphism of the Tatar and English languages is manifested when characterizing people in terms of the intensity of their activity. Duality of interpretation is characteristic the Tatar language where the meanings “occupying a large space” and “having achieved greatness” are possible. The main purpose of the article is to determine the range of a person’s names that function in combination with size adjectives in Tatar and English. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time meanings expressed by size adjectives in combination with person’s names have been compared. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the meanings of size adjectives in different languages coincide although in the Tatar language two adjectives are involved.
{"title":"FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF PARAMETRIC ADJECTIVES WITH THE NAMES OF THE PERSON IN TATAR AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES","authors":"G. Lutfullina","doi":"10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-95-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-95-104","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the examination of the size adjectives “big / small” functioning in the Tatar and English languages. When combined with a person’s names differences and similarities in both languages are observed. The isomorphism of the Tatar and English languages is manifested when characterizing people in terms of the intensity of their activity. Duality of interpretation is characteristic the Tatar language where the meanings “occupying a large space” and “having achieved greatness” are possible. The main purpose of the article is to determine the range of a person’s names that function in combination with size adjectives in Tatar and English. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time meanings expressed by size adjectives in combination with person’s names have been compared. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the meanings of size adjectives in different languages coincide although in the Tatar language two adjectives are involved.","PeriodicalId":53482,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67636888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-119-128
O. Valentinova, O. V. Nikitin
The authors analyze the conceptual apparatus of the first edition of the encyclopedia “The Russian language” in cognitive aspect. The aim of the work is to reveal the role of ideology in the formation of the official portrait of linguistic science in the 1970s and to determine its influence on presentation and description of scientific terms. The study uses the method of contextual analysis, logical-semantic, historical-linguistic, cognitive modeling methods. The most important articles-ideologems from the point of view of the cognitive world view are considered: “History of the Russian literary language”, “Culture of language”, “Journalistic style”, “Russian language”, “Language and society”, etc. They allow to recreate the metacultural connections of a specific historical time and to identify ways of forming an ideologized context. The study showed that the transformation of the cognitive world view in Soviet science can be carried out without nominatively expressed references to ideological attitudes. And, conversely, not every reference to ideological formulas distorts the scientific model of reality. The results obtained can be used in the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries of terminological units and sociolinguistic dictionaries, in studying cognitive problems of modern scientific discourse. The authors come to the conclusion that the articles of the encyclopedic dictionary form a specific model of ideas about the Russian language, based on the evaluativeness of linguistic facts, the opposition of ideas and the deliberate distortion of reality in the direction of manipulation of concepts.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-106-111
O. Boginskaya
The paper explores the role of boosting as a metadiscourse feature used by justices in dissenting opinions to challenge the majority decisions and convince an audience. The aim is to identify the types of boosting and lexical items used for indicating certainty and commitment. As the study aims to analyze how boosting is realized linguistically, the methods of quantitative and interpretative analysis were applied. The study revealed that the justices make extensive use of boosters to show disagreement and persuade the audience to agree with their views. For this purpose, they use four types of boosting, including certainty boosters, intensity boosters, solidarity boosters, and extremity boosters with a quantitative predominance of the first type.
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