Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-9
Sylvain Schirmann
{"title":"Avant-Propos","authors":"Sylvain Schirmann","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-13
O. Schmidtke, B. Wassenberg
{"title":"Mobilizing History: European Integration and its Legitimizing Narrative","authors":"O. Schmidtke, B. Wassenberg","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89116721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-135
B. Wassenberg
Cross-border regions in Europe have been often identified as models or testing places for European integration. The Franco-German-Swiss Upper Rhine Region has a long experience in cross-border cooperation since the 1960s, which should be a good starting point to construct a collective memory based on its image as an integrated borderland. Based on interviews with key witnesses of the cross-border region, this article shows, how these actors focus on three specific aspects to construct a collective memory: a memory that advocates the ideal of a “Europe of Regions”, a memory of reconciliation and a memory based on a common regional culture and history. It concludes by saying that, despite all efforts, in the absence of a common (trans)regional identity, it is extremely difficult to construct a common memory of the Upper Rhine Region.
{"title":"Constructing a Collective Memory in the Franco-German-Swiss Upper Rhine Region: European, Trans(national) or Regional?","authors":"B. Wassenberg","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-135","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border regions in Europe have been often identified as models or testing places for European integration. The Franco-German-Swiss Upper Rhine Region has a long experience in cross-border cooperation since the 1960s, which should be a good starting point to construct a collective memory based on its image as an integrated borderland. Based on interviews with key witnesses of the cross-border region, this article shows, how these actors focus on three specific aspects to construct a collective memory: a memory that advocates the ideal of a “Europe of Regions”, a memory of reconciliation and a memory based on a common regional culture and history. It concludes by saying that, despite all efforts, in the absence of a common (trans)regional identity, it is extremely difficult to construct a common memory of the Upper Rhine Region.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"399 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76694288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-19
A. Ludwig
Learning from and coming to terms with Europe’s belligerent past have been important drivers of regional integration since the Second World War. Unlike other disciplines, International Relations (IR) has long ignored memory as a relevant factor in global relations, regional integration, or foreign policy. I argue that this is mainly due to the dominant science philosophical premises of positivism in IR theory (IRT) and has only slowly begun to change. This article shows how the constructivist, historical and relational turns in IRT have brought IR closer to memory studies. It aims to further promote this trend by proposing another meta-theoretical perspective for IR, European studies, and the concept of memory: complexity thinking. In its ‘general’ form, advocated by Edgar Morin, it provides a transdisciplinary background for the analysis of memory in our VUCA world. Consequently, complexity also changes our perspective on European integration, not least with regard to the processes of remembering in its context.
{"title":"The Complexity of Memory in Global Relations and European Integration: A Theoretical Perspective","authors":"A. Ludwig","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-19","url":null,"abstract":"Learning from and coming to terms with Europe’s belligerent past have been important drivers of regional integration since the Second World War. Unlike other disciplines, International Relations (IR) has long ignored memory as a relevant factor in global relations, regional integration, or foreign policy. I argue that this is mainly due to the dominant science philosophical premises of positivism in IR theory (IRT) and has only slowly begun to change. This article shows how the constructivist, historical and relational turns in IRT have brought IR closer to memory studies. It aims to further promote this trend by proposing another meta-theoretical perspective for IR, European studies, and the concept of memory: complexity thinking. In its ‘general’ form, advocated by Edgar Morin, it provides a transdisciplinary background for the analysis of memory in our VUCA world. Consequently, complexity also changes our perspective on European integration, not least with regard to the processes of remembering in its context.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80047265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-71
Clémence Faure
Memorial issues have been one of the most important themes of the French presidential campaign of 2022. Éric Zemmour’s demand to abolish the memorial laws and Marine Le Pen’s and Valérie Pécresse’s criticism of the commemorations of the end of the Algerian War have made the relationship with the colonial past a polarising electoral issue. While the extreme right has exploited this theme since the 1960s, it is surprising that Valérie Précresse, a loyal supporter of Jacques Chirac, the great promoter of memorial reconciliation, has made anti-repentance one of her campaign themes. This article proposes to question this apparent rupture. It shows that it is the result of a process that began with the 2002 presidential elections. These elections led to a reopening of the debate on French identity thanks to a conflictualisation of the questions linked to colonial memories, leading the partisan right to fracture on cultural questions.
纪念问题一直是2022年法国总统竞选的最重要主题之一。Éric Zemmour要求废除纪念法，Marine Le Pen和valsamrie psamcrese批评纪念阿尔及利亚战争结束，使得与殖民历史的关系成为选举中两极对立的议题。虽然自上世纪60年代以来，极右翼一直在利用这一主题，但令人惊讶的是，作为纪念和解的伟大推动者雅克•希拉克(Jacques Chirac)的忠实支持者，瓦尔格里•普莱姆克雷斯(val pracemrie pracemress)将反对忏悔作为自己的竞选主题之一。本文拟对这种明显的断裂提出质疑。这表明，这是从2002年总统选举开始的一个过程的结果。由于与殖民记忆有关的问题的冲突化，这些选举导致了关于法国身份的辩论重新开始，导致党派权利在文化问题上分裂。
{"title":"Colonial Memories and the French Partisan Right: Preserving National Identity Through or Against Diversity (2002-2022)","authors":"Clémence Faure","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-71","url":null,"abstract":"Memorial issues have been one of the most important themes of the French presidential campaign of 2022. Éric Zemmour’s demand to abolish the memorial laws and Marine Le Pen’s and Valérie Pécresse’s criticism of the commemorations of the end of the Algerian War have made the relationship with the colonial past a polarising electoral issue. While the extreme right has exploited this theme since the 1960s, it is surprising that Valérie Précresse, a loyal supporter of Jacques Chirac, the great promoter of memorial reconciliation, has made anti-repentance one of her campaign themes. This article proposes to question this apparent rupture. It shows that it is the result of a process that began with the 2002 presidential elections. These elections led to a reopening of the debate on French identity thanks to a conflictualisation of the questions linked to colonial memories, leading the partisan right to fracture on cultural questions.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76632009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-53
Celia Burgdorff
“Fortress Europe is a polysemic metaphor that was used as a synonym for the protectionist European Single Market from the 1980s. Since 1992, it has increasingly been associated with the European migration regime. Inside the European parliament, “Fortress Europe” was used by pro-European Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s to criticise the restrictive migration policies pushed by the Commission and the Council and turned into a political symbol for the failure to establish a common migration policy. Therefore, the topos was regularly used to provoke emotions, as part of the political game as well as in the press. This emotional connotation made the metaphor particularly suited for visual representations and it became a recurring motive in contemporary art in the early 2000s. Those works were politically charged and blurred the lines between art and activism. Many of them claimed to contribute to the collective memory of the victims of the European migration policies and turned the metaphor into a monument. Finally, the blog “Fortress Europe” shows how the events at the European borders were remembered online in the early 2000s.
{"title":"A Monument Made of Words? How the Metaphor of “Fortress Europe” Became a Collective Memory (1992-2008)","authors":"Celia Burgdorff","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-53","url":null,"abstract":"“Fortress Europe is a polysemic metaphor that was used as a synonym for the protectionist European Single Market from the 1980s. Since 1992, it has increasingly been associated with the European migration regime. Inside the European parliament, “Fortress Europe” was used by pro-European Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s to criticise the restrictive migration policies pushed by the Commission and the Council and turned into a political symbol for the failure to establish a common migration policy. Therefore, the topos was regularly used to provoke emotions, as part of the political game as well as in the press. This emotional connotation made the metaphor particularly suited for visual representations and it became a recurring motive in contemporary art in the early 2000s. Those works were politically charged and blurred the lines between art and activism. Many of them claimed to contribute to the collective memory of the victims of the European migration policies and turned the metaphor into a monument. Finally, the blog “Fortress Europe” shows how the events at the European borders were remembered online in the early 2000s.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85532148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-111
S. Svensson, T. Nilson
The article analyses how history is used in the Danish-Swedish cross border Oresund area. The case study allows for an exploration of memory politics with relation to multiple regional processes (EU, Nordic, Scandinavian), as well as from multiple perspectives (national, subnational and transnational). The paper argues that the Nordic arena is in the focus of communicative and cultural memories through storytelling, with emphasis on solidarity and successful institution-building. Yet, conflicting national memories persist as obstacles and current diverting political standpoints at national level (e.g., migration, the Covid pandemic) are likely to affect how history is portrayed regionally. European history, on the other hand, plays a subservient role. For instance, references to the European continent’s totalitarian past are not explicitly used for memory politics, and recollection of the world wars are used in asymmetric modes and with focus on the specific Nordic experience.
{"title":"European Memory Politics in Scandinavia – the Case of a Swedish-Danish Border Region","authors":"S. Svensson, T. Nilson","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-111","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses how history is used in the Danish-Swedish cross border Oresund area. The case study allows for an exploration of memory politics with relation to multiple regional processes (EU, Nordic, Scandinavian), as well as from multiple perspectives (national, subnational and transnational). The paper argues that the Nordic arena is in the focus of communicative and cultural memories through storytelling, with emphasis on solidarity and successful institution-building. Yet, conflicting national memories persist as obstacles and current diverting political standpoints at national level (e.g., migration, the Covid pandemic) are likely to affect how history is portrayed regionally. European history, on the other hand, plays a subservient role. For instance, references to the European continent’s totalitarian past are not explicitly used for memory politics, and recollection of the world wars are used in asymmetric modes and with focus on the specific Nordic experience.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-89
Peter J. Verovšek
While the accession of the first post-communist states to the European Union (EU) in 2004 seemingly reunited the continent after 45 years of division, new political fault-lines soon emerged. I argue that the divergent understandings of nationalism, sovereignty and democracy in Europe at the start of the twentieth century – most often captured with the distinction between liberal and “illiberal” democracy – are rooted in collective remembrance. Whereas memory cultures organized around the defeat of National Socialism in 1945 emphasize overcoming nationalism, the protection of fundamental human rights and the constraining of popular sovereignty, those organized around communism and its fall in 1989, interpret nationalism as a source of liberation, the importance of majoritarian democracy and the inviolability of popular sovereignty. Given the role that differences over the interpretation of the recent past have played in justifying Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, I conclude by arguing for the mutual recognition of these different narratives, rather than their assimilation within a meta-narrative.
{"title":"Divided by Memory: Divergent Memory Cultures and the Debate about Democracy in the EU","authors":"Peter J. Verovšek","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2023-1-89","url":null,"abstract":"While the accession of the first post-communist states to the European Union (EU) in 2004 seemingly reunited the continent after 45 years of division, new political fault-lines soon emerged. I argue that the divergent understandings of nationalism, sovereignty and democracy in Europe at the start of the twentieth century – most often captured with the distinction between liberal and “illiberal” democracy – are rooted in collective remembrance. Whereas memory cultures organized around the defeat of National Socialism in 1945 emphasize overcoming nationalism, the protection of fundamental human rights and the constraining of popular sovereignty, those organized around communism and its fall in 1989, interpret nationalism as a source of liberation, the importance of majoritarian democracy and the inviolability of popular sovereignty. Given the role that differences over the interpretation of the recent past have played in justifying Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, I conclude by arguing for the mutual recognition of these different narratives, rather than their assimilation within a meta-narrative.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74115779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0947-9511-2022-1-9
Dominik Geppert, Juliane Clegg, Victor Jaeschke
Spätestens seit dem Brexit-Votum 2016 werden Europareferenden kontrovers dis‐ kutiert. Der Aufsatz zeigt, wie die historische Forschung zu den Debatten beitragen kann: durch Einordnung in die longue durée der europäischen Referendumsge‐ schichte seit 1970; durch politische, kulturelle und soziale Kontextualisierung; und durch Entschlüsselung der zugrundeliegenden Narrative nationaler Identität. An‐ hand von Fallstudien werden zwei Beobachtungen und zwei Hypothesen formu‐ liert. Erstens fällt auf, dass Nein-Kampagnen mehr von transnationalen Lernpro‐ zessen profitierten als ihre Gegenseiten, und zweitens, dass Referenden statt klarer Handlungsanleitungen eine Vielzahl offener Fragen nach sich zogen. Der Aufsatz vertritt die Hypothesen, dass Referenden erstens ein Ventil für Opposition boten, die in den europäischen Strukturen keinen Raum fand, und dass sie zweitens so‐ wohl Ausdruck als auch Folge wachsender Kritik am Integrationsprozess waren. Zugleich zeigt der deutsche Fall, dass ein Verzicht auf Referenden diese Oppositi‐ on nicht verhindert.
{"title":"The Great Temptation: Referendums on European Integration from the 1970s to the Present in Historical Perspective","authors":"Dominik Geppert, Juliane Clegg, Victor Jaeschke","doi":"10.5771/0947-9511-2022-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2022-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Spätestens seit dem Brexit-Votum 2016 werden Europareferenden kontrovers dis‐ kutiert. Der Aufsatz zeigt, wie die historische Forschung zu den Debatten beitragen kann: durch Einordnung in die longue durée der europäischen Referendumsge‐ schichte seit 1970; durch politische, kulturelle und soziale Kontextualisierung; und durch Entschlüsselung der zugrundeliegenden Narrative nationaler Identität. An‐ hand von Fallstudien werden zwei Beobachtungen und zwei Hypothesen formu‐ liert. Erstens fällt auf, dass Nein-Kampagnen mehr von transnationalen Lernpro‐ zessen profitierten als ihre Gegenseiten, und zweitens, dass Referenden statt klarer Handlungsanleitungen eine Vielzahl offener Fragen nach sich zogen. Der Aufsatz vertritt die Hypothesen, dass Referenden erstens ein Ventil für Opposition boten, die in den europäischen Strukturen keinen Raum fand, und dass sie zweitens so‐ wohl Ausdruck als auch Folge wachsender Kritik am Integrationsprozess waren. Zugleich zeigt der deutsche Fall, dass ein Verzicht auf Referenden diese Oppositi‐ on nicht verhindert.","PeriodicalId":53497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Integration History","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81423183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：