The methodology of teaching different types of phraseological units of English is discussed language. Phraseological units, the meaning of which is difficult to deduce from the lexical elements that compose them, are highlighted. It is argued that a full-fledged lexical competence includes possessing a certain number of stable phrases of the studied language. A methodological approach is proposed that allows the use of phraseological units as material for activating communicative competence. After the appearance of the phraseological unit, its literal translation is given, then it is carried out oral discussion of what this phraseology can mean. During the discussion (including erroneous and inaccurate interpretations), communication participants identify semantic nuances for themselves that will help them develop language thinking and language guesswork. At the last stage, students are asked to recall a Russian phraseology with the same meaning. The procedure was successfully tested in classes with students of a language university.
{"title":"Methods of teaching phraseological units in the context of polylingualism","authors":"Tilektes Toxanbayeva, Bibatpa Koshimova, Dinara Bismildina, Bigaisha Akhmetova, Lazzat Aktanova","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of teaching different types of phraseological units of English is discussed language. Phraseological units, the meaning of which is difficult to deduce from the lexical elements that compose them, are highlighted. It is argued that a full-fledged lexical competence includes possessing a certain number of stable phrases of the studied language. A methodological approach is proposed that allows the use of phraseological units as material for activating communicative competence. After the appearance of the phraseological unit, its literal translation is given, then it is carried out oral discussion of what this phraseology can mean. During the discussion (including erroneous and inaccurate interpretations), communication participants identify semantic nuances for themselves that will help them develop language thinking and language guesswork. At the last stage, students are asked to recall a Russian phraseology with the same meaning. The procedure was successfully tested in classes with students of a language university.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.02.18
S. Azkiyah, A. Mukminin
Research findings worldwide suggest that teachers should continually improve their teaching quality, which refers to instruction or actions to deliver teaching and learning materials, even if they are good teachers. The question is the basis that should be considered to decide the improvement priorities. Therefore, this paper reviews theoretically driven and empirically validated teacher instruction contributing to student outcomes, which can serve as a framework for deciding the areas of improvement. The paper also reviews relevant techniques to measure teacher instruction to determine teachers' teaching quality. The study employed a qualitative method, in which a literature review on educational effectiveness research, especially teacher effectiveness research, was carried out to understand teacher actions in the classroom that contribute to achieving learning goals, especially concerning English lessons, as the focus of this paper. The paper used keywords such as effective English teaching, educational effectiveness research, teaching quality, teacher effectiveness research, and techniques of measuring teaching quality to find relevant literature. The findings conclude that the classroom factors of the dynamic model of educational effectiveness research could serve as a framework to conceptualize English teaching quality, whereas techniques like student surveys or observation can be used to investigate teachers’ initial instructional practices.
{"title":"Measuring English teaching quality: what teacher effectiveness research can offer?","authors":"S. Azkiyah, A. Mukminin","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"Research findings worldwide suggest that teachers should continually improve their teaching quality, which refers to instruction or actions to deliver teaching and learning materials, even if they are good teachers. The question is the basis that should be considered to decide the improvement priorities. Therefore, this paper reviews theoretically driven and empirically validated teacher instruction contributing to student outcomes, which can serve as a framework for deciding the areas of improvement. The paper also reviews relevant techniques to measure teacher instruction to determine teachers' teaching quality. The study employed a qualitative method, in which a literature review on educational effectiveness research, especially teacher effectiveness research, was carried out to understand teacher actions in the classroom that contribute to achieving learning goals, especially concerning English lessons, as the focus of this paper. The paper used keywords such as effective English teaching, educational effectiveness research, teaching quality, teacher effectiveness research, and techniques of measuring teaching quality to find relevant literature. The findings conclude that the classroom factors of the dynamic model of educational effectiveness research could serve as a framework to conceptualize English teaching quality, whereas techniques like student surveys or observation can be used to investigate teachers’ initial instructional practices.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43181765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.18
A. Anipina, Raya Orazova, Alikhankyzy Guliya, Zhylkybay Gulimzhan, S. Karsybekova
Language is constantly developing, and the study of changes in the language's vocabulary is an important task of linguistics. The modern English language is characterized by the constant formation of new words. The suffix system of modern English has been actively and fruitfully studied by both domestic and foreign linguists; a significant number of works have been written considering certain aspects of the suffix system of the English language. However, the language changes over time, and its structure partially changes. The existing theoretical knowledge becomes insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new, modern trends that have been observed in recent decades. The article is devoted to the patterns of the use of noun suffixes in modern English. Also, in this article, the concept and types of word formation as one of the ways of enriching the language are studied. Thanks to the use of live suffixes, it will be easier to enrich your vocabulary. Suffixes are easily distinguished as word-forming elements. They are suffixes. They are used to form new words. The productivity of the suffix depends on how many formations they give. The article provides examples of suffixes of the actor and ways of formation from different parts of speech. Most often, nouns and verbs with the addition of suffixes are used for word formation at the base of the word. In addition, this article examines the definitions and approaches to defining the concepts of new words. New words formed by the suffix method are investigated. The most productive ways of forming new words are analyzed and identified. The principles of morphemic analysis of the basics are considered. Semantic and grammatical functions of the suffix morpheme are defined. The productivity of suffixes of modern English is studied. The process of distribution of suffixes by parts of speech is revealed.
{"title":"A national cultural peculiarity of suffix word formation","authors":"A. Anipina, Raya Orazova, Alikhankyzy Guliya, Zhylkybay Gulimzhan, S. Karsybekova","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Language is constantly developing, and the study of changes in the language's vocabulary is an important task of linguistics. The modern English language is characterized by the constant formation of new words. The suffix system of modern English has been actively and fruitfully studied by both domestic and foreign linguists; a significant number of works have been written considering certain aspects of the suffix system of the English language. However, the language changes over time, and its structure partially changes. The existing theoretical knowledge becomes insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new, modern trends that have been observed in recent decades. The article is devoted to the patterns of the use of noun suffixes in modern English. Also, in this article, the concept and types of word formation as one of the ways of enriching the language are studied. Thanks to the use of live suffixes, it will be easier to enrich your vocabulary. Suffixes are easily distinguished as word-forming elements. They are suffixes. They are used to form new words. The productivity of the suffix depends on how many formations they give. The article provides examples of suffixes of the actor and ways of formation from different parts of speech. Most often, nouns and verbs with the addition of suffixes are used for word formation at the base of the word. In addition, this article examines the definitions and approaches to defining the concepts of new words. New words formed by the suffix method are investigated. The most productive ways of forming new words are analyzed and identified. The principles of morphemic analysis of the basics are considered. Semantic and grammatical functions of the suffix morpheme are defined. The productivity of suffixes of modern English is studied. The process of distribution of suffixes by parts of speech is revealed.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42559159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.08
A. Bayadilova-Altybayeva, Z. Tektigul, S. Sadykova, Trusheva Akkenzhe, Orazova Akmaral
Recent studies have addressed the possibilities of adopting the Latin alphabet in the Kazakh script. However, little attention has been given to the investigation of the role of the script as a set of language symbols in transferring national cultural values. This paper seeks to lend insight into the historical and cultural dimensions of the Kazakh national script. We take a holistic approach to analyze the semiotic processes in Kazakhstan over time by unifying linguistic, cultural and historical perspectives. We highlight the role of language symbols in expanding cultural and spiritual heritage and passing down national cultural values through generations. The emergence of the Kazakh script, the alphabet and their preservation in written monuments, inscriptions of religious content, and publications served as the main means of distributing the national spiritual values, identity and socio-historical treasures. The complex study enabled us to conclude that the transfer of the Kazakh script to the Latin alphabet helps preserve national values, expand the scope of use of the Kazakh language in accordance with the needs of the society and flexibly transmit all modern scientific and technical achievements. The study contributes to the research of language policies in Central Asian countries.
{"title":"Language symbols for conveying culture","authors":"A. Bayadilova-Altybayeva, Z. Tektigul, S. Sadykova, Trusheva Akkenzhe, Orazova Akmaral","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have addressed the possibilities of adopting the Latin alphabet in the Kazakh script. However, little attention has been given to the investigation of the role of the script as a set of language symbols in transferring national cultural values. This paper seeks to lend insight into the historical and cultural dimensions of the Kazakh national script. We take a holistic approach to analyze the semiotic processes in Kazakhstan over time by unifying linguistic, cultural and historical perspectives. We highlight the role of language symbols in expanding cultural and spiritual heritage and passing down national cultural values through generations. The emergence of the Kazakh script, the alphabet and their preservation in written monuments, inscriptions of religious content, and publications served as the main means of distributing the national spiritual values, identity and socio-historical treasures. The complex study enabled us to conclude that the transfer of the Kazakh script to the Latin alphabet helps preserve national values, expand the scope of use of the Kazakh language in accordance with the needs of the society and flexibly transmit all modern scientific and technical achievements. The study contributes to the research of language policies in Central Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46804642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.02
K. M. Abisheva, Kamar K. Karimova, Aiman B. Nurgazina, Galiyabanu K. Rezuanova, Bakhyt H. Galiyeva
The article presents the results of the study of the semantic structure of the polysemantic word in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The study is based on the position of cognitive lexicology that "the semantics of a word is not limited only to a meaning; it is wider than the meaning". Therefore, the meaning of a word can be studied in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The cognitive-semantic aspect of studying the meanings of a polysemantic word implies its multilevel analysis, so the semantic structure of a polysemic word is studied not only from the outside, surface semantics but also from the inside, at the cognitive level of semantics. The study proposes a methodology of multilevel analysis of the structure of a polysemous word and also approves the methodology of its interdisciplinary study on the basis of the integral methodological paradigm involving the values and methods of different sciences (lexicology, cognitive semantics, pragmatics, cultural studies, associative linguistics). The aim of the study is to identify and describe the meanings of a polysemous word and its meanings in terms of different approaches to their research. In the article on the basis of the analysis of different meanings, the polysemous word is considered with also its meanings as denotative, figurative, pragmatic, connotative, and associative meanings of the word. The novelty of the research consists in the author's attempt to apply the cognitive-semantic approach to the analysis of the multivalued word structure. This approach differs from the linguistic and lexicological one, which considers polysemantic words as the nuclear meaning of the word and its lexical-semantic variant. In the course of the research, scientific results were obtained: 1. The disciplinary approach in the process of multilevel analysis of polysemantic words revealed new meanings and meanings of this phenomenon; 2. The role of the subject in the formation of meanings of a polysemous word was revealed; 3. The structure of the polysemantic word is described on the basis of taking into account the principle of conceptual unity of language and speech.
{"title":"The structure of a polysemantic word in the cognitive-semantic aspect","authors":"K. M. Abisheva, Kamar K. Karimova, Aiman B. Nurgazina, Galiyabanu K. Rezuanova, Bakhyt H. Galiyeva","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the semantic structure of the polysemantic word in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The study is based on the position of cognitive lexicology that \"the semantics of a word is not limited only to a meaning; it is wider than the meaning\". Therefore, the meaning of a word can be studied in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The cognitive-semantic aspect of studying the meanings of a polysemantic word implies its multilevel analysis, so the semantic structure of a polysemic word is studied not only from the outside, surface semantics but also from the inside, at the cognitive level of semantics. The study proposes a methodology of multilevel analysis of the structure of a polysemous word and also approves the methodology of its interdisciplinary study on the basis of the integral methodological paradigm involving the values and methods of different sciences (lexicology, cognitive semantics, pragmatics, cultural studies, associative linguistics). The aim of the study is to identify and describe the meanings of a polysemous word and its meanings in terms of different approaches to their research. In the article on the basis of the analysis of different meanings, the polysemous word is considered with also its meanings as denotative, figurative, pragmatic, connotative, and associative meanings of the word. The novelty of the research consists in the author's attempt to apply the cognitive-semantic approach to the analysis of the multivalued word structure. This approach differs from the linguistic and lexicological one, which considers polysemantic words as the nuclear meaning of the word and its lexical-semantic variant. In the course of the research, scientific results were obtained: 1. The disciplinary approach in the process of multilevel analysis of polysemantic words revealed new meanings and meanings of this phenomenon; 2. The role of the subject in the formation of meanings of a polysemous word was revealed; 3. The structure of the polysemantic word is described on the basis of taking into account the principle of conceptual unity of language and speech.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48328150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.04
Azis, Juanda
This study aims to reveal in-depth the nuances of euphemism in mental health texts. The advantage of this research is that it can have an impact on the development of semantic science with mental health texts, especially euphemisms. The theory that supports this research is Pan (2013), Rabab'ah, Al-Qarni (2012), Gostin (2013), Terry (2020) and the difference from this study is that it focuses on the nuances of euphemism with mental health texts. The research data that is prioritized is the words in sentences from the mental health text of students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, a total of 110 students. There are 40 texts selected and qualified. Data were collected in the form of documentation for 8 months in 2021. Then, qualitative data analysis was carried out by paying attention to identification, reduction, verification, and conclusion. The results show the euphemism nuances of mental health texts in the form of one word that has different nuances according to the text in the form of disharmony, resilience, depression, infected, trauma, obesity insulin mystical; one word to two words with a special emphasis frustration becomes a feeling of disappointment; two words psychological stress, mood swing, negative relation; three words into one-word mental health disorder goes crazy, and that particle. Vocabulary appears as a series of sentences that form the meaning of euphemism.
{"title":"Student mental health euphemisms","authors":"Azis, Juanda","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to reveal in-depth the nuances of euphemism in mental health texts. The advantage of this research is that it can have an impact on the development of semantic science with mental health texts, especially euphemisms. The theory that supports this research is Pan (2013), Rabab'ah, Al-Qarni (2012), Gostin (2013), Terry (2020) and the difference from this study is that it focuses on the nuances of euphemism with mental health texts. The research data that is prioritized is the words in sentences from the mental health text of students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, a total of 110 students. There are 40 texts selected and qualified. Data were collected in the form of documentation for 8 months in 2021. Then, qualitative data analysis was carried out by paying attention to identification, reduction, verification, and conclusion. The results show the euphemism nuances of mental health texts in the form of one word that has different nuances according to the text in the form of disharmony, resilience, depression, infected, trauma, obesity insulin mystical; one word to two words with a special emphasis frustration becomes a feeling of disappointment; two words psychological stress, mood swing, negative relation; three words into one-word mental health disorder goes crazy, and that particle. Vocabulary appears as a series of sentences that form the meaning of euphemism.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.12
Fariza Ismailova, Larisa L. Zelenskaya, E. Redkozubova, Irina G. Anikeeva, Yelena V. Sausheva
The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system. The purpose of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the formation of diplomatic terms in different languages. After developed states engage diplomatically with other countries, diplomatic terms are formed in their languages. This is one of the most important approaches to expanding the terminological field in the language of the country. International terms are adopted with diplomatic terms. It is essential to study carefully the terminology process and the specific implementation of diplomatic terms which were adopted from foreign languages. Care must be taken to avoid alternative meanings of words in the national language in use. The comparative method, the content-text method and methods of terminological analysis were used in our research. The article identified common diplomatic terms in the field of lexical language borrowings and in the original language. The most used equivalents of foreign terms, mainly from the English, are outlined. The vocabulary building of diplomatic terms was also noted. The study of the semantics of similar diplomatic terms in terminology systems of different languages seems promising.
{"title":"Linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system","authors":"Fariza Ismailova, Larisa L. Zelenskaya, E. Redkozubova, Irina G. Anikeeva, Yelena V. Sausheva","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system. The purpose of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the formation of diplomatic terms in different languages. After developed states engage diplomatically with other countries, diplomatic terms are formed in their languages. This is one of the most important approaches to expanding the terminological field in the language of the country. International terms are adopted with diplomatic terms. It is essential to study carefully the terminology process and the specific implementation of diplomatic terms which were adopted from foreign languages. Care must be taken to avoid alternative meanings of words in the national language in use. The comparative method, the content-text method and methods of terminological analysis were used in our research. The article identified common diplomatic terms in the field of lexical language borrowings and in the original language. The most used equivalents of foreign terms, mainly from the English, are outlined. The vocabulary building of diplomatic terms was also noted. The study of the semantics of similar diplomatic terms in terminology systems of different languages seems promising.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47696278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.17
O. Prokhorova, I. Chekulai, O. Vishnyakova, Vladislav A. Kuchmistiy, Nikolay A. Prokhorov
The aim of the paper is to study the mechanism of forming nominal constructions consisting of two components, one of which denotes hydronym and the second one is an abstract noun, denoting emotional or mental state. The study is focused on identifying the list of the target lexemes, their frequency, combinability, and factors determining the formation of the construction under study. To analyze the studied linguistic phenomenon, linguistic and extralinguistic data are used, as well as the corpus analysis approach in combination with componential analysis.
{"title":"Corpus analysis in the study of the genitive constructions formed with hydronyms as the target component in English and Russian","authors":"O. Prokhorova, I. Chekulai, O. Vishnyakova, Vladislav A. Kuchmistiy, Nikolay A. Prokhorov","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.17","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to study the mechanism of forming nominal constructions consisting of two components, one of which denotes hydronym and the second one is an abstract noun, denoting emotional or mental state. The study is focused on identifying the list of the target lexemes, their frequency, combinability, and factors determining the formation of the construction under study. To analyze the studied linguistic phenomenon, linguistic and extralinguistic data are used, as well as the corpus analysis approach in combination with componential analysis.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46920879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses diachronic changes in the vocabulary of the English language. The language system is constantly moving and evolving. The most mobile level is the lexical system since it is it that primarily reacts to all changes in society. In this article, the correlation between the original, proper English, and borrowed vocabulary of the English language in the process of its historical development is studied on the material of the lexicographic sources studied. The qualitative-quantitative dynamics of the variation of borrowed vocabulary are analyzed, taking into account the source languages within the considered periods of the development of the vocabulary of the English language. The most priority socially determined lexico-semantic group of the main parts of speech is presented, taking into account their dominance in various periods of the development of the English language; Also, in this article, an etymological analysis of the main parts of speech in the English language is carried out, and general and particular trends of their etymological development are identified in this lexicographic material.
{"title":"Diachronic changes in the vocabulary of the English language","authors":"Odanova Sagira Amangeldiyevna, Abdirassilova Gulmira Kalybaevna, Fazylakhmetova Aigul Tanatkanovna, Darkenbayeva Zhaidargul Kadyrovna, Satbekova Aigyl Amantaevna","doi":"10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses diachronic changes in the vocabulary of the English language. The language system is constantly moving and evolving. The most mobile level is the lexical system since it is it that primarily reacts to all changes in society. In this article, the correlation between the original, proper English, and borrowed vocabulary of the English language in the process of its historical development is studied on the material of the lexicographic sources studied. The qualitative-quantitative dynamics of the variation of borrowed vocabulary are analyzed, taking into account the source languages within the considered periods of the development of the vocabulary of the English language. The most priority socially determined lexico-semantic group of the main parts of speech is presented, taking into account their dominance in various periods of the development of the English language; Also, in this article, an etymological analysis of the main parts of speech in the English language is carried out, and general and particular trends of their etymological development are identified in this lexicographic material.","PeriodicalId":53512,"journal":{"name":"XLinguae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.07
M. Zheltukhina, I. Zyubina, M. Busygina, K. Baranova, E. Ponomarenko
The aim of the study is to present an analysis of the lexical and grammatical means of expression of dominant assessment in the speech behavior of the Russian-speaking and English-speaking virtual language personality in blogs, depending on belonging to a particular gender. The research material is a card index of more than 200 posts of beauty bloggers on the social network in 2021. There were used 15 accounts of the Russian-speaking and 15 accounts of the English-speaking addressers. All blogger’s virtual language personalities position themselves on the Internet as men, transgender people (mtf – male-to-female) and women. In total more than 3,800 small syntactic groups have been analyzed. The following research methods were used in the work: the lexico-semantic, lexico-grammatical, and stylistic analyses, method of objective pragmalinguistic analysis combining modified content analysis and the comparison method. When studying the differences in the media speeches among the English- and Russian-speaking virtual communicative personalities, several lexical differences in the speeches of the women, men and transgender people were identified. Thus, among the Russian-speaking bloggers the highest percentage of negative attitudes and in general the brightest emotional coloring of lexis and grammar constructions was observed in the men’s media speech despite the widespread stereotype about the greater emotional intensity of women’s media speech. The women in their media speech tend to prevail in the formation of positive assessment. For the transgender people in blogs, all three indicators of the formation of assessment using lexical and grammatical means occupy a middle position between the media speech of the women and the men, which indicates the presence of female and male traits in the media speech of the transgender people. For the English-speaking virtual communicative personalities in the media speeches of the women and the men, all three indicators are approximately equal, while for the transgender people the index of the formation of a negative attitude using lexical and grammatical means is twice exceeded, and the indicator of the formation of a positive attitude through vocabulary is twice reduced. In general, the media speech of the English-speaking transgender people in blogs is characterized by a more open and more emotionally colored lexical and grammatical constructions in media speech. The transgender bloggers share all the events from their lives, regardless of whether they are positive or negative, which indicates maximum self-presentation and maximum attention of Internet users to their language personality and lifestyle among Internet users. It seems promising to consider the linguopragmatic aspect of gender self-presentation of virtual language personalities in blogs, to identify the main tactics of their self-presentation in media space.
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