Abstract In the review, the data about the saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan is described. The main tree and shrub species related to saproxylic beetles are reported and the beetle species diversity is presented in a table. Of the species listed in the table, 36 species of saproxylic beetles are related to Populus sp. (Populus diversifolia and P. pruinosa), 21 species to Elaeagnus angustifolia, 20 species to Tamarix sp., and 17 species to Salix sp. The least number of saproxylic beetles was related to Fraxinus sogdiana (2 species) and Halimodendron halodendron (3 species). The author detected data about the representatives of the following families of Coleoptera: Brentidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae on the territory of tugai forests and the arid zone of Kazakhstan. According to the used references, the most numbered family of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests is Buprestidae: 41 species have been known. The author found out data about 17 species of Curculionidae and 10 species of Cerambycidae. Other families have a lower number of species. It means that Buprestidae is the most studied family in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan. Further research is necessary to extend knowledge about the diversity of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Review of Saproxylic Beetles in Tugai Forests of Kazakhstan","authors":"Yuliya Borissova","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the review, the data about the saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan is described. The main tree and shrub species related to saproxylic beetles are reported and the beetle species diversity is presented in a table. Of the species listed in the table, 36 species of saproxylic beetles are related to Populus sp. (Populus diversifolia and P. pruinosa), 21 species to Elaeagnus angustifolia, 20 species to Tamarix sp., and 17 species to Salix sp. The least number of saproxylic beetles was related to Fraxinus sogdiana (2 species) and Halimodendron halodendron (3 species). The author detected data about the representatives of the following families of Coleoptera: Brentidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae on the territory of tugai forests and the arid zone of Kazakhstan. According to the used references, the most numbered family of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests is Buprestidae: 41 species have been known. The author found out data about 17 species of Curculionidae and 10 species of Cerambycidae. Other families have a lower number of species. It means that Buprestidae is the most studied family in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan. Further research is necessary to extend knowledge about the diversity of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/sab-2018-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Onasanya, M. Ekperigin, R. Onasanya, T. Obafemi, A. Ogundipe, A. Ojo, I. Ingelbrecht
Abstract Global rice production is constrained by bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). BLB disease incidence in West Africa was between 70–85% and yield loss in farmers’ fields was in the range of 50–90% from 2005 to 2010. In the present study, African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA marker was identified and purified using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) products from 50 Xoo isolates. Genomic DNA of 50 Xoo isolates were analyzed using OPP-17 primer in RAPD-PCR during which African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA marker was identified, purified, cloned, and sequenced. Cloning and DNA sequencing of African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA generated a 1953 bp nucleotide sequence consequently tagged as AXaVrg-1953. BLAST homologous analysis of the AXaVrg-1953 sequence provides comprehensive identification of the type II secretion genes and secreted proteins, type III secretion genes and secreted proteins in African Xoo virulence gene. Phylogenetic unweighted pairgroup method arithmetic (UPGMA) analysis revealed the African AXaVrg-1953 sequence was distinct from the other Xoo virulence gene sequences from China, Japan, Korea, Germany, and the United States. This information is potentially useful for effective management of BLB disease in West Africa.
{"title":"DNA Sequencing Analysis of African Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Virulence Gene (AXaVrg) DNA Marker","authors":"A. Onasanya, M. Ekperigin, R. Onasanya, T. Obafemi, A. Ogundipe, A. Ojo, I. Ingelbrecht","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global rice production is constrained by bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). BLB disease incidence in West Africa was between 70–85% and yield loss in farmers’ fields was in the range of 50–90% from 2005 to 2010. In the present study, African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA marker was identified and purified using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) products from 50 Xoo isolates. Genomic DNA of 50 Xoo isolates were analyzed using OPP-17 primer in RAPD-PCR during which African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA marker was identified, purified, cloned, and sequenced. Cloning and DNA sequencing of African Xoo virulence gene OPP-172000 DNA generated a 1953 bp nucleotide sequence consequently tagged as AXaVrg-1953. BLAST homologous analysis of the AXaVrg-1953 sequence provides comprehensive identification of the type II secretion genes and secreted proteins, type III secretion genes and secreted proteins in African Xoo virulence gene. Phylogenetic unweighted pairgroup method arithmetic (UPGMA) analysis revealed the African AXaVrg-1953 sequence was distinct from the other Xoo virulence gene sequences from China, Japan, Korea, Germany, and the United States. This information is potentially useful for effective management of BLB disease in West Africa.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48842019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Loučka, P. Homolka, Y. Tyrolová, F. Jančík, V. Koukolová, P. Kubelková, A. Výborná, V. Jambor
Abstract Selected maize hybrids were analyzed according to the in vivo digestibility of the silage. Eight tested hybrids were grown, harvested, and ensiled under identical conditions. The effect of earliness (early maturity group FAO 230–260 vs moderately early maturity group FAO 290–340) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre. Type of kernel endosperm (dent vs flint) differed by digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre was the highest for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 250 (73.7, 75.7, and 67.6%, respectively) and these digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 320 (61.1, 63.4, and 51.4%, respectively). It was concluded that the digestibility differs mainly in dent-type hybrids. All correlation coefficients between the digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) high.
{"title":"Digestibility of Ensiled Maize Hybrids Differing by Maturity and Endosperm Type","authors":"R. Loučka, P. Homolka, Y. Tyrolová, F. Jančík, V. Koukolová, P. Kubelková, A. Výborná, V. Jambor","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Selected maize hybrids were analyzed according to the in vivo digestibility of the silage. Eight tested hybrids were grown, harvested, and ensiled under identical conditions. The effect of earliness (early maturity group FAO 230–260 vs moderately early maturity group FAO 290–340) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre. Type of kernel endosperm (dent vs flint) differed by digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre was the highest for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 250 (73.7, 75.7, and 67.6%, respectively) and these digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 320 (61.1, 63.4, and 51.4%, respectively). It was concluded that the digestibility differs mainly in dent-type hybrids. All correlation coefficients between the digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) high.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Basic wheat-barley flour premixes (70 : 30 and 50 : 50) were enhanced by 5 and 10% of dehulled and hulled hemp seeds wholemeal or by 2 types of hemp fine flour. Barley flour (BF) decreased both protein content and quality by approximately 1.5 and 50%, respectively. In blends, hemp fine flour containing recovered protein level back. BF lowered amylases activity by about 20–25% in maximum; hemp products had no significant effect. Farinograph water absorption was magnified by additions of both alternative flours. Considerable shortening of dough stability and decrease of resistance against over-mixing occurred for all flour tri-composites. Extensigraph dough elasticity increased and extensibility diminished. After dough resting taking 30 min, extensigraph energy of the control sample fell from 141 cm2 to a half as barley flour portion increased. In cereal composites, hemp products demonstrated reversal tendencies. BF lowered water suspension viscosity, but hemp wholemeal H4 and especially fine hemp flour H7 caused a recovery of amylograph maxima to level comparable with wheat control. Correlation analysis confirmed analytical and rheological data agreement – the extensigraph elasticity or energy could be predicted according to the Zeleny value, or the amylograph maximum according to the Falling Number (r = 0.79, 0.90, and 0.65, respectively; P = 99.9%).
{"title":"Evaluation of Non-Fermented Dough from Wheat/Barley/Hemp Composites","authors":"M. Hrušková, I. Švec","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Basic wheat-barley flour premixes (70 : 30 and 50 : 50) were enhanced by 5 and 10% of dehulled and hulled hemp seeds wholemeal or by 2 types of hemp fine flour. Barley flour (BF) decreased both protein content and quality by approximately 1.5 and 50%, respectively. In blends, hemp fine flour containing recovered protein level back. BF lowered amylases activity by about 20–25% in maximum; hemp products had no significant effect. Farinograph water absorption was magnified by additions of both alternative flours. Considerable shortening of dough stability and decrease of resistance against over-mixing occurred for all flour tri-composites. Extensigraph dough elasticity increased and extensibility diminished. After dough resting taking 30 min, extensigraph energy of the control sample fell from 141 cm2 to a half as barley flour portion increased. In cereal composites, hemp products demonstrated reversal tendencies. BF lowered water suspension viscosity, but hemp wholemeal H4 and especially fine hemp flour H7 caused a recovery of amylograph maxima to level comparable with wheat control. Correlation analysis confirmed analytical and rheological data agreement – the extensigraph elasticity or energy could be predicted according to the Zeleny value, or the amylograph maximum according to the Falling Number (r = 0.79, 0.90, and 0.65, respectively; P = 99.9%).","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Remote sensing is a methodology using different tools to monitor and predict yields. Spatial variability of crops can be monitored through sampling of vegetation indices derived from the entire crop growth; spatial variability can be used to plan further agronomic management. This paper evaluates the suitability of vegetation indices derived from satellite Landsat and EO-1 data that compare yield, topography wetness index, solar radiation, and meteorological data over a relatively small field (11.5 ha). Time series images were selected from 2006, 2010, and 2014, when oat was grown, and from 2005, 2011 and 2013, when winter wheat was grown. The images were selected from the entire growing season of the crops. An advantage of this method is the availability of these images and their easy application in deriving vegetation indices. It was confirmed that Landsat and EO-1 images in combination with meteorological data are useful for yield component prediction. Spatial resolution of 30 m was sufficient to evaluate a field of 11.5 ha.
{"title":"Monitoring Oats and Winter Wheat Within-Field Spatial Variability by Satellite Images","authors":"J. Kumhálová, P. Novák, M. Madaras","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Remote sensing is a methodology using different tools to monitor and predict yields. Spatial variability of crops can be monitored through sampling of vegetation indices derived from the entire crop growth; spatial variability can be used to plan further agronomic management. This paper evaluates the suitability of vegetation indices derived from satellite Landsat and EO-1 data that compare yield, topography wetness index, solar radiation, and meteorological data over a relatively small field (11.5 ha). Time series images were selected from 2006, 2010, and 2014, when oat was grown, and from 2005, 2011 and 2013, when winter wheat was grown. The images were selected from the entire growing season of the crops. An advantage of this method is the availability of these images and their easy application in deriving vegetation indices. It was confirmed that Landsat and EO-1 images in combination with meteorological data are useful for yield component prediction. Spatial resolution of 30 m was sufficient to evaluate a field of 11.5 ha.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cooperation between entities can be the basis for improved competitiveness. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were able to draw on EU funds to support the formation of producer groups. Main objective was to investigate whether the funds have led to an increase of value added of products placed on the market. In the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the reporting period the sum of 44 million EUR was provided to support the establishment of marketing organizations, 305 producer groups were supported. Many of the supported entities are no longer active. In the Czech Republic, only 15 entities are still operating, but they do not have a significant impact on the increase of value added of the agricultural sector. In the Slovak Republic, entities supported in the first programming period (2004–2006) have a higher share of the generated value added. During the second funding period (2007–2013), the supported groups showed a negative value added. Given the characteristics of supported groups, the number of successfully supported groups, the reported features and the total value of generated value added, it can be suggested that most of the entities were established due to the relative ease of fundraising.
{"title":"Supporting Producer Groups – Increasing Producer’s Value Aded?","authors":"P. Kotyza, K. Tomšík, K. Elisová, A. Hornowski","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cooperation between entities can be the basis for improved competitiveness. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were able to draw on EU funds to support the formation of producer groups. Main objective was to investigate whether the funds have led to an increase of value added of products placed on the market. In the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the reporting period the sum of 44 million EUR was provided to support the establishment of marketing organizations, 305 producer groups were supported. Many of the supported entities are no longer active. In the Czech Republic, only 15 entities are still operating, but they do not have a significant impact on the increase of value added of the agricultural sector. In the Slovak Republic, entities supported in the first programming period (2004–2006) have a higher share of the generated value added. During the second funding period (2007–2013), the supported groups showed a negative value added. Given the characteristics of supported groups, the number of successfully supported groups, the reported features and the total value of generated value added, it can be suggested that most of the entities were established due to the relative ease of fundraising.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Š. Scháňková, I. Langrová, I. Jankovská, J. Vadlejch, Z. Čadková, D. Křivská
Abstract Various laboratory animals – mice (Mus musculus) of six strains, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were experimentally infected with larvae of small strongyles (Cyathostominae), obtained from horse faeces and cultured to the infective larval stage L3. The attempt to transfer cyathostome larvae was aimed at developing a model for the investigation of different aspects of the life cycle and biology of these nematodes in the laboratory. Some animals were immunized (hydrocortisone) for the duration of the study. The laboratory animals were orally infected with 2–10 thousand sheathed or ex-sheathed L3 larvae of mixed cyathostome species. All attempts to inoculate any animal failed; there was no larval development in the experimental rodents and it can be stated that none of the investigated animals may serve as a suitable model host for horse nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae.
{"title":"Screening of Model Animals for Experimental Infection with Equine Cyathostomes","authors":"Š. Scháňková, I. Langrová, I. Jankovská, J. Vadlejch, Z. Čadková, D. Křivská","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Various laboratory animals – mice (Mus musculus) of six strains, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were experimentally infected with larvae of small strongyles (Cyathostominae), obtained from horse faeces and cultured to the infective larval stage L3. The attempt to transfer cyathostome larvae was aimed at developing a model for the investigation of different aspects of the life cycle and biology of these nematodes in the laboratory. Some animals were immunized (hydrocortisone) for the duration of the study. The laboratory animals were orally infected with 2–10 thousand sheathed or ex-sheathed L3 larvae of mixed cyathostome species. All attempts to inoculate any animal failed; there was no larval development in the experimental rodents and it can be stated that none of the investigated animals may serve as a suitable model host for horse nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45788588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The informal sector of Ghana has been growing amidst the recent economic development in this country. The study investigated the drivers of informal sector participation by SMEs in Ghana and made use of a Chi-square statistical methodology to analyze the drivers of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Analyses from the study showed that gender can be deemed as a driver for SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Gender was significant at 0.012 with registration of business enterprise and 0.055 with tax obligation of respondents. The educational level of SME operators had an impact on registration and tax obligation and therefore can be deemed as a driver of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. However, the level of education was insignificant to registration and tax obligation but had a strong correlation to these variables. The study also showed that women are more likely to participate in the informal sector of Ghana as compared to men and also that there is a high tendency of not paying tax among SME operators in the informal sector of Ghana. A very low educational level among SME participants was recorded with over 60% of the respondents not having any formal education. Based on the findings of the study, a country-wide research can be done to ascertain the socio-economic determinants of informal sector participation in Ghana. Also, the study highly recommends policies that can harness the usefulness of informal sector.
{"title":"Drivers of Informal Sector Participation of Small and Medium Enterprise in Ghana","authors":"S. Mintah, S. Darkwah","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The informal sector of Ghana has been growing amidst the recent economic development in this country. The study investigated the drivers of informal sector participation by SMEs in Ghana and made use of a Chi-square statistical methodology to analyze the drivers of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Analyses from the study showed that gender can be deemed as a driver for SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Gender was significant at 0.012 with registration of business enterprise and 0.055 with tax obligation of respondents. The educational level of SME operators had an impact on registration and tax obligation and therefore can be deemed as a driver of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. However, the level of education was insignificant to registration and tax obligation but had a strong correlation to these variables. The study also showed that women are more likely to participate in the informal sector of Ghana as compared to men and also that there is a high tendency of not paying tax among SME operators in the informal sector of Ghana. A very low educational level among SME participants was recorded with over 60% of the respondents not having any formal education. Based on the findings of the study, a country-wide research can be done to ascertain the socio-economic determinants of informal sector participation in Ghana. Also, the study highly recommends policies that can harness the usefulness of informal sector.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44594271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Investigations in the Pryský brook experimental catchment revealed that the vegetation of the stream channel stabilizes water level depth in the measured profile. The explored brook has been heavily overgrown by algae of the genus Cladophora due to a strong pollution by nitrates. It seems that if the algae average length exceeds the midsize of the stones paving the bed (ca. 30 ± 7 cm in diameter, escribed circle to pentagon or heptagon), the water level stagnates in the flowrate range of 60–180 l s−1. This totally blocks the streamflow daily oscillation (in summer months in a purely stone bed reaching up to 15%, along with tidal phenomena). The article analyzes one of possible explanations of this effect due to the dependence of the algae thickness layer modifying the channel bed cross-section on the speed of flowing water.
摘要对Pryskýbrook实验集水区的调查表明，河道植被稳定了测量剖面中的水位深度。由于硝酸盐的强烈污染，被勘探的小溪中长满了枝藻属的藻类。似乎，如果藻类的平均长度超过铺设河床的石头的中等大小（直径约为30±7厘米，描述为圆形到五边形或七边形），水位将停滞在60–180 l s−1的流量范围内。这完全阻断了径流的日振荡（在夏季的几个月里，在纯石床上，流量高达15%，还有潮汐现象）。文章分析了这种影响的可能解释之一，因为藻类厚度层改变了河床横截面对水流速度的依赖性。
{"title":"Stream Level Stabilization by Algae of the Genus Cladophora","authors":"J. Zeman, Š. Dvořáková","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigations in the Pryský brook experimental catchment revealed that the vegetation of the stream channel stabilizes water level depth in the measured profile. The explored brook has been heavily overgrown by algae of the genus Cladophora due to a strong pollution by nitrates. It seems that if the algae average length exceeds the midsize of the stones paving the bed (ca. 30 ± 7 cm in diameter, escribed circle to pentagon or heptagon), the water level stagnates in the flowrate range of 60–180 l s−1. This totally blocks the streamflow daily oscillation (in summer months in a purely stone bed reaching up to 15%, along with tidal phenomena). The article analyzes one of possible explanations of this effect due to the dependence of the algae thickness layer modifying the channel bed cross-section on the speed of flowing water.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44663313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Chmelikova, D. Němeček, M. Dvořáková, I. Heroutová, M. Sedmíková
Abstract Garlic is still in the centre of interest for its therapeutic effects. Currently, attention is focused on physiological effects of organo-sulphur garlic compounds, as alliin, allicin, diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and S-allyl cysteine (SAC), particularly on their antioxidant and anticancerogenic effects. SAC has been studied for its ability to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species by modulation of the cell glutathione level together with antioxidative enzyme activity, and by improvement of mitochondrial functions. The main mechanism of DAS, DADS, and DATS is the induction of the internal apoptotic pathway. Garlic compounds have the ability to interfere with the signalling pathways of small gaseous signalling molecules known as gasotransmitters – nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide. The review presents the effect of garlic compounds on cellular oxidative stress, intrinsic apoptotic and gasotransmitter pathways and compares their effects on tumour and normal mammalian cells.
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