This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel electrocatalyst based on cobalt (II)-tetra aminophenyl porphyrin (CoTAPor) conjugated non-covalently with an iron (III) oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Fe2O3rGO). The synthesized materials were then used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), with CoTAPor-Fe2O3rGO identified as the superior electrocatalyst. The electrochemical detection of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) was performed on the CoTAPor- Fe2O3rGO-modified GCE using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The CoTAPor-Fe2O3rGO composite exhibited the best catalytic performance, showing a significantly higher current response compared to bare GCE, CoTAPor, and Fe2O3rGO individually under CV and CA. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interactions between CoTAPor and Fe2O3rGO, resulting in increased sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LoD). For CoTAPor-Fe2O3rGO, the sensitivity was 0.761 µA µM−1, with a LoD of 1.18 µM (S/N = 3). In addition, the electrocatalyst demonstrated good selectivity for pHBA in the presence of potentially interfering substances under controlled experimental conditions.
{"title":"The Design of Cobalt (II)-Porphyrin/Fe2O3-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid","authors":"Teboho Edwin Mpakanyane, Nnamdi Nwahara, Mbulelo Jokazi, Tebello Nyokong","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00944-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00944-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel electrocatalyst based on cobalt (II)-tetra aminophenyl porphyrin (CoTAPor) conjugated non-covalently with an iron (III) oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO). The synthesized materials were then used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), with CoTAPor-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO identified as the superior electrocatalyst. The electrochemical detection of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (<i>p</i>HBA) was performed on the CoTAPor- Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO-modified GCE using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The CoTAPor-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO composite exhibited the best catalytic performance, showing a significantly higher current response compared to bare GCE, CoTAPor, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO individually under CV and CA. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interactions between CoTAPor and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO, resulting in increased sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LoD). For CoTAPor-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>rGO, the sensitivity was 0.761 µA µM<sup>−1</sup>, with a LoD of 1.18 µM (S/N = 3). In addition, the electrocatalyst demonstrated good selectivity for <i>p</i>HBA in the presence of potentially interfering substances under controlled experimental conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"569 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12678-025-00944-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we are reporting the reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic response of graphite (Gr) intercalated tin oxide (SnO2) nanophotocatalysts. These nanocomposites were prepared using sonication method and characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD spectra confirmed average crystallite size of the order of 29 nm and the XRD patterns showed the presence of the tetragonal structure. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye–Scherrer’s and Williamson-Hall (WH) equations. The degradation of dye and photocatalytic response were optimized with tuning of various parameters such as ppm level of adsorbate and time response.
{"title":"Analytical Approach for Degradation of Pollutants via Photocatalytic Response of Graphite Intercalated SnO2 Nanophotocatalysts","authors":"Ashish Kumar, Deepika Maan, Karishma Jain, Harish Kumar Meena, Garima Agarwal, Sushil Kumar Jain, Reena Verma, Balram Tripathi","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00938-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00938-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we are reporting the reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic response of graphite (Gr) intercalated tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) nanophotocatalysts. These nanocomposites were prepared using sonication method and characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD spectra confirmed average crystallite size of the order of 29 nm and the XRD patterns showed the presence of the tetragonal structure. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye–Scherrer’s and Williamson-Hall (WH) equations. The degradation of dye and photocatalytic response were optimized with tuning of various parameters such as ppm level of adsorbate and time response.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"558 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The square wave voltammetry (SWV) method was utilized to simultaneously find paracetamol and p-aminophenol (PAP) by applying an activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE). The results showed that the AGCE effectively facilitated the oxidation of both compounds, exhibiting a significant separation of their oxidation peaks by approximately 280.5 mV, which is sufficient for their concurrent detection. The linear ranges and detection limits were found to be 6.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 and 1.0 × 10−6–8.0 × 10−4 mol L−1; 1.39 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 1.91 × 10−8 mol L−1 for APAP and PAP, correspondingly. Ultimately, the adopted method was effectively implemented to measure APAP and PAP in commercial-grade tablets, yielding average recoveries of 103.1% for APAP and 101.0% for PAP.
{"title":"Detection and Separation of Paracetamol and p-Aminophenol Using Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes","authors":"Dereje Yenealem, Shimelis Admassie, Santhi Raju Pilli, Sowjanya Motana, Dessie Tibebe","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00941-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00941-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The square wave voltammetry (SWV) method was utilized to simultaneously find paracetamol and p-aminophenol (PAP) by applying an activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE). The results showed that the AGCE effectively facilitated the oxidation of both compounds, exhibiting a significant separation of their oxidation peaks by approximately 280.5 mV, which is sufficient for their concurrent detection. The linear ranges and detection limits were found to be 6.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–1.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup> and 1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>–8.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>; 1.39 × 10<sup><i>−</i>8</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup> and 1.91 × 10<sup><i>−</i>8</sup> mol L<sup><i>−</i>1</sup> for APAP and PAP, correspondingly. Ultimately, the adopted method was effectively implemented to measure APAP and PAP in commercial-grade tablets, yielding average recoveries of 103.1% for APAP and 101.0% for PAP.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"548 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00933-x
Abdeslam El Amri, Naoual El-Aouni, Omar Dagdag, Abdelhay El Amri, Ihamdane Rachid, Avni Berisha, Hansang Kim, Rajesh Haldhar, Mohamed Rafik, W. B. Wan Nik, Mohamed Ebn Touhami, Nadia Dkhireche
In this work, we investigate whether bisphenol S tetraglycidyl ether dianiline dipropoxy (TGEDADPDS) can mitigate mild steel (MS) corrosion. One material that is well-known for its exceptional mechanical qualities as well as its affordability is TGEDADPDS. However, because of its susceptibility to corrosion, particularly in environments containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), corrosion inhibitor research is necessary. Several investigation methods, including surface analysis along with electrochemical testing, were used to assess how well TGEDADPDS inhibited a particular process. The results indicate that, in a 1.0 M HCl medium at 298 K, the optimal concentration of TGEDADPDS is 10−3 M. As measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic plot (PDP), this concentration has an inhibitory efficiency of 97% and 96%, respectively. Following the Langmuir isotherm, the TGEDADPDS molecule demonstrated exothermic adsorption on MS. By preventing anodic and cathodic reactions, the adsorption technique known as chemisorption dramatically lowers mild steel corrosion. The adsorption process is defined by a ΔGads value of − 48.43 kJ/mol. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy surface examination verified that a protective TGEDADPDS coating had formed on the electrode surface, which significantly decreased metal dissolution in the presence of hostile ions. Density-functional theory and Monte Carlo, along with molecular dynamics simulations, are used in the study’s theoretical calculations.
{"title":"Assessment of a New Epoxy Resin for Corrosion Prevention of Mild Steel in HCl Environment: Experimental and Theoretical Analyses","authors":"Abdeslam El Amri, Naoual El-Aouni, Omar Dagdag, Abdelhay El Amri, Ihamdane Rachid, Avni Berisha, Hansang Kim, Rajesh Haldhar, Mohamed Rafik, W. B. Wan Nik, Mohamed Ebn Touhami, Nadia Dkhireche","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00933-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00933-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate whether bisphenol S tetraglycidyl ether dianiline dipropoxy (TGEDADPDS) can mitigate mild steel (MS) corrosion. One material that is well-known for its exceptional mechanical qualities as well as its affordability is TGEDADPDS. However, because of its susceptibility to corrosion, particularly in environments containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), corrosion inhibitor research is necessary. Several investigation methods, including surface analysis along with electrochemical testing, were used to assess how well TGEDADPDS inhibited a particular process. The results indicate that, in a 1.0 M HCl medium at 298 K, the optimal concentration of TGEDADPDS is 10<sup>−3</sup> M. As measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic plot (PDP), this concentration has an inhibitory efficiency of 97% and 96%, respectively. Following the Langmuir isotherm, the TGEDADPDS molecule demonstrated exothermic adsorption on MS. By preventing anodic and cathodic reactions, the adsorption technique known as chemisorption dramatically lowers mild steel corrosion. The adsorption process is defined by a Δ<i>G</i><sub>ads</sub> value of − 48.43 kJ/mol. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy surface examination verified that a protective TGEDADPDS coating had formed on the electrode surface, which significantly decreased metal dissolution in the presence of hostile ions. Density-functional theory and Monte Carlo, along with molecular dynamics simulations, are used in the study’s theoretical calculations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"526 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12678-025-00933-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00940-y
Akbayan Bekey, Florence Vacandio, Khaisa Avchukir
In this study, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of copper on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode from mixed acetonitrile–water (AN/H2O) solutions were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism of copper nucleation in the AN and 70:30 AN/H2O solutions is progressive, whereas for the 50:50, 60:40 and 80:20 AN/H2O solutions, it is close to the mixed mechanism. The nucleation parameters, including the nucleation rate, nucleation density and average radius of active nuclei centres, were calculated using a three-dimensional electrochemical nucleation model developed by Scharifker-Hills, in accordance with the identified mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that the average radius of electrodeposited particles could be reduced from 10.8 to 3.2 µm by shifting the applied potential to the negative region, from −0.43 to −0.48 V in a solution of 0.01 M CuCl2 + 0.5 NaClO4 + 70:30 AN/H2O. SEM images of the obtained coatings demonstrated the formation of uniformly distributed “monanthes-like” structures of copper particles. The catalytic activity of the Cu electrocatalysts were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in a 0.5 M NaHCO3 solution saturated with CO2 under bulk electrolysis conditions. LSV shows that the Cu catalyst electrodeposited from 50:50 AN/H2O mixture exhibited the best performance for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) with a Tafel slope of 168 mV dec−1, exchange current density of 6.81 (times) 10−4 A cm−2 and charge transfer resistance of 9.4 Ω cm2. This study may provide an economical approach for developing low-cost and efficient copper-based electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
{"title":"Influence of Acetonitrile on Cu Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth: Preliminary Test of Catalytic Activity for eCO2RR","authors":"Akbayan Bekey, Florence Vacandio, Khaisa Avchukir","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00940-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00940-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of copper on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode from mixed acetonitrile–water (AN/H<sub>2</sub>O) solutions were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism of copper nucleation in the AN and 70:30 AN/H<sub>2</sub>O solutions is progressive, whereas for the 50:50, 60:40 and 80:20 AN/H<sub>2</sub>O solutions, it is close to the mixed mechanism. The nucleation parameters, including the nucleation rate, nucleation density and average radius of active nuclei centres, were calculated using a three-dimensional electrochemical nucleation model developed by Scharifker-Hills, in accordance with the identified mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that the average radius of electrodeposited particles could be reduced from 10.8 to 3.2 µm by shifting the applied potential to the negative region, from −0.43 to −0.48 V in a solution of 0.01 M CuCl<sub>2</sub> + 0.5 NaClO<sub>4</sub> + 70:30 AN/H<sub>2</sub>O. SEM images of the obtained coatings demonstrated the formation of uniformly distributed “monanthes-like” structures of copper particles. The catalytic activity of the Cu electrocatalysts were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in a 0.5 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub> solution saturated with CO<sub>2</sub> under bulk electrolysis conditions. LSV shows that the Cu catalyst electrodeposited from 50:50 AN/H<sub>2</sub>O mixture exhibited the best performance for electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (eCO<sub>2</sub>RR) with a Tafel slope of 168 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, exchange current density of 6.81 <span>(times)</span> 10<sup>−4</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup> and charge transfer resistance of 9.4 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>. This study may provide an economical approach for developing low-cost and efficient copper-based electrocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"513 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00932-y
Mahmoud A. Hefnawy, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Sobhi M. Gomha, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Shymaa S. Medany
Energy storage has become an essential need for today’s applications. Thus, the development of capacitors and their materials has gotten great attention. In this study, a high mass loading (2 mg cm−2) NiMn2O4/carbon felt (CF-NMO) was fabricated using a hydrothermal process and used as a new material for a pseudo-capacitive electrode having a potential window of 0.65 V. Several analytical techniques were employed to confirm the structure, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). The spinel oxide distribution and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmitted electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of the modified CF-NMO was investigated in 1.0 M NaOH. The prepared electrode reached a capacitance of 301 F g−1 at the current density of 1 mA g−1. Furthermore, the electrode’s durability was investigated for 2000 cycles at 5 mA g−1, and the provided capacitance retention was ~ 85% compared to the 1st cycle. Also, the rate capability was estimated to be 69% in the current range from 1 to 5 mA cm−2.
Graphical Abstract
能量存储已经成为当今应用的基本需求。因此，电容器及其材料的发展备受关注。本研究采用水热法制备了高质量负载（2 mg cm−2）的NiMn2O4/碳毡（CF-NMO），并将其作为具有0.65 V电位窗口的伪电容电极的新材料。采用x射线衍射（XRD）和x射线光子光谱（XPS）等分析技术对其结构进行了确证。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了尖晶石氧化物的分布和表面形貌。研究了改性后的CF-NMO在1.0 M NaOH中的活性。制备的电极在电流密度为1ma g−1时，电容达到301 F g−1。此外，研究了该电极在5ma g−1下循环2000次的耐久性，与第一次循环相比，提供的电容保持率为~ 85%。此外，在电流范围为1至5 mA cm - 2的情况下，速率容量估计为69%。图形抽象
{"title":"Synthesis of Nickel-Manganese Spinel Oxide Supported on Carbon-Felt Surface to Enhance Electrochemical Capacitor Performance","authors":"Mahmoud A. Hefnawy, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Sobhi M. Gomha, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Shymaa S. Medany","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00932-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00932-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy storage has become an essential need for today’s applications. Thus, the development of capacitors and their materials has gotten great attention. In this study, a high mass loading (2 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) NiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/carbon felt (CF-NMO) was fabricated using a hydrothermal process and used as a new material for a pseudo-capacitive electrode having a potential window of 0.65 V. Several analytical techniques were employed to confirm the structure, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). The spinel oxide distribution and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmitted electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of the modified CF-NMO was investigated in 1.0 M NaOH. The prepared electrode reached a capacitance of 301 F g<sup>−1</sup> at the current density of 1 mA g<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the electrode’s durability was investigated for 2000 cycles at 5 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, and the provided capacitance retention was ~ 85% compared to the 1st cycle. Also, the rate capability was estimated to be 69% in the current range from 1 to 5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"500 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00939-5
Ahmed Hashem Ali, Peter G. Pickup
Electrolysis of ethanol to produce green hydrogen, with less electrical energy than for water electrolysis, is potentially an attractive sustainable energy technology. However, more efficient anode catalysts are required, and the production of acetic acid and acetaldehyde by-products must be considered. PtRhM (M = Sn, Ni, Ru) catalysts can potentially combine the high activities of PtM catalysts with the enhanced selectivity of PtRh for breaking the ethanol C–C bond, which increases hydrogen production. The purpose of this work was to compare these catalysts in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell and measure stoichiometries and product distributions. The results show that although Sn, Ni, and Ru all enhance the activity of PtRh at low potentials for cyclic voltammetry in H2SO4(aq), only Ru had a significant effect in the PEM cell. However, Ni enhanced selectivity for breaking the C–C bond, while Ru and Sn both decreased selectivity. Consequently, PtRhNi appears to be most suitable for production of hydrogen from ethanol oxidation, because it provides the optimum balance between the electrical energy required, current density, and hydrogen/ethanol ratio (higher stoichiometry).
{"title":"Ethanol Electrolysis at Carbon-Supported PtRhSn, PtRhNi, and PtRhRu Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles in a Proton Exchange Membrane Cell","authors":"Ahmed Hashem Ali, Peter G. Pickup","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00939-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00939-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrolysis of ethanol to produce green hydrogen, with less electrical energy than for water electrolysis, is potentially an attractive sustainable energy technology. However, more efficient anode catalysts are required, and the production of acetic acid and acetaldehyde by-products must be considered. PtRhM (M = Sn, Ni, Ru) catalysts can potentially combine the high activities of PtM catalysts with the enhanced selectivity of PtRh for breaking the ethanol C–C bond, which increases hydrogen production. The purpose of this work was to compare these catalysts in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell and measure stoichiometries and product distributions. The results show that although Sn, Ni, and Ru all enhance the activity of PtRh at low potentials for cyclic voltammetry in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq), only Ru had a significant effect in the PEM cell. However, Ni enhanced selectivity for breaking the C–C bond, while Ru and Sn both decreased selectivity. Consequently, PtRhNi appears to be most suitable for production of hydrogen from ethanol oxidation, because it provides the optimum balance between the electrical energy required, current density, and hydrogen/ethanol ratio (higher stoichiometry).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"490 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00937-7
S. Nithya, Atanu Dutta
In modern era, air pollution arises from various human activities and natural processes. Several studies have revealed that automobile exhaust monitoring sensors are indispensable tools for ensuring compliance with emissions regulations, protecting public health, reducing environmental impact, optimizing engine performance, and facilitating diagnostic and maintenance activities in the automotive industry. This study introduces a green synthesis of pure CuO using Calotropis giantea (CG) leaf extract. The synthesized CuO with CG leaf extract was characterized through numerous analytical techniques to understand the basic properties of the synthesized material. The novelty of this work lies in the fabrication of the electrode material of CuO based nanoparticles for sensing applications. The Calotropis gigantea leaf extract enhances the surface activity area of CuO and leads to achieving good electrochemical performance. In the amperometric mode, the fabricated sensor device was applied with a constant bias voltage of + 1 V at the CuO nanoparticle–based anode relative to the fixed lanthanum strontium cobaltite La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSC) cathode. Utilizing LaGaO3 (LSGMN) as the solid electrolyte, this electrochemical device achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 586 μA/decade at 550 °C. The fabricated sensor structure was tested for detecting ammonia (NH3) concentrations ranging from 3 to 40 ppm in a base gas (mixture of 5% O2 and N2), in the temperature range of 300 to 650 °C. This testing configuration was designed for exhaust gas monitoring applications. Notably, the sensor demonstrated a rapid response time of 20 s and a recovery time of 90 s, while detecting ammonia, making it effective for real-time monitoring in various environmental conditions.
{"title":"Rapid and Highly Sensitive of Amperometric Ammonia Sensor Using Green Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles as Anode Material","authors":"S. Nithya, Atanu Dutta","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00937-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00937-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In modern era, air pollution arises from various human activities and natural processes. Several studies have revealed that automobile exhaust monitoring sensors are indispensable tools for ensuring compliance with emissions regulations, protecting public health, reducing environmental impact, optimizing engine performance, and facilitating diagnostic and maintenance activities in the automotive industry. This study introduces a green synthesis of pure CuO using <i>Calotropis giantea</i> (CG) leaf extract. The synthesized CuO with CG leaf extract was characterized through numerous analytical techniques to understand the basic properties of the synthesized material. The novelty of this work lies in the fabrication of the electrode material of CuO based nanoparticles for sensing applications. The <i>Calotropis gigantea</i> leaf extract enhances the surface activity area of CuO and leads to achieving good electrochemical performance. In the amperometric mode, the fabricated sensor device was applied with a constant bias voltage of + 1 V at the CuO nanoparticle–based anode relative to the fixed lanthanum strontium cobaltite La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub> (LSC) cathode. Utilizing LaGaO<sub>3</sub> (LSGMN) as the solid electrolyte, this electrochemical device achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 586 μA/decade at 550 °C. The fabricated sensor structure was tested for detecting ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) concentrations ranging from 3 to 40 ppm in a base gas (mixture of 5% O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>), in the temperature range of 300 to 650 °C. This testing configuration was designed for exhaust gas monitoring applications. Notably, the sensor demonstrated a rapid response time of 20 s and a recovery time of 90 s, while detecting ammonia, making it effective for real-time monitoring in various environmental conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"478 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00935-9
Babu Shobana, Periakaruppan Prakash
Patients undergoing treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aceclofenac (ACF), primarily aimed at managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, face potential risks associated with overdosage, impacting organs like the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and blood cells. Hence, accurate quantification of ACF in real samples becomes paramount. In this investigation, we propose an innovative voltammetric approach for the determination of ACF in urine specimens. The working electrode employed herein consisted of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with boron nitride quantum dots doped bismuth cerium oxide nanocomposite (Bi2O3/CeO2@B-NQds/GCE). Comprehensive characterization of the Bi2O3/CeO2@B-NQds/GCE was conducted utilizing various techniques, followed by photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis. These photosensors exhibited commendable sensitivity and reproducibility, and their preparation was deemed facile, rapid, and cost-effective. The impact of diverse interfering species was scrutinized, alongside calibration procedures to ascertain analytical performance. Remarkably, the results unveiled a high degree of linearity within the range of 0.6 to 13.8 µM, with exceptional values for the limit of detection 4.2 nM. Moreover, the constructed photoelectrode demonstrated stability and reproducibility, showcasing promising potential for reliable ACF detection in urine samples upon successful validation. In addition to its potential for clinical diagnostics, this novel light-assisted voltammetric technique holds promise for enhancing patient care by enabling precise monitoring of ACF levels in urine, facilitating personalized treatment regimens for individuals undergoing NSAID therapy. Furthermore, its ease of use and cost-effectiveness make it a practical tool for routine screening in medical settings, offering a valuable asset for healthcare professionals striving to optimize patient outcomes.
{"title":"Ultrasensitive and Selective Nanomolar Detection of Aceclofenac Using Bi2O3/CeO2@ B-NQds-Modified Electrodes Through an Advanced Photoelectrocatalytic Approach","authors":"Babu Shobana, Periakaruppan Prakash","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00935-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00935-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients undergoing treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aceclofenac (ACF), primarily aimed at managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, face potential risks associated with overdosage, impacting organs like the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and blood cells. Hence, accurate quantification of ACF in real samples becomes paramount. In this investigation, we propose an innovative voltammetric approach for the determination of ACF in urine specimens. The working electrode employed herein consisted of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with boron nitride quantum dots doped bismuth cerium oxide nanocomposite (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>@B-NQds/GCE). Comprehensive characterization of the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>@B-NQds/GCE was conducted utilizing various techniques, followed by photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis. These photosensors exhibited commendable sensitivity and reproducibility, and their preparation was deemed facile, rapid, and cost-effective. The impact of diverse interfering species was scrutinized, alongside calibration procedures to ascertain analytical performance. Remarkably, the results unveiled a high degree of linearity within the range of 0.6 to 13.8 µM, with exceptional values for the limit of detection 4.2 nM. Moreover, the constructed photoelectrode demonstrated stability and reproducibility, showcasing promising potential for reliable ACF detection in urine samples upon successful validation. In addition to its potential for clinical diagnostics, this novel light-assisted voltammetric technique holds promise for enhancing patient care by enabling precise monitoring of ACF levels in urine, facilitating personalized treatment regimens for individuals undergoing NSAID therapy. Furthermore, its ease of use and cost-effectiveness make it a practical tool for routine screening in medical settings, offering a valuable asset for healthcare professionals striving to optimize patient outcomes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"462 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1007/s12678-025-00931-z
Lalita Sharma, Kateřina Minhová Macounová, Roman Nebel, Petr Krtil
The efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is considerably controlled by the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole charge carriers at the interface. Herein, the correlation between composition and photoelectrochemical activity is studied by utilizing molybdenum-modified tungsten oxide electrodes. Molybdenum tungsten mixed oxides (MoxW1−xO3) were synthesized by spray-freeze/freeze-drying approach by varying x from 0 to 1 and studied as a photoanode. The structural changes after Mo substitution in tungsten oxide (MoxW1−xO3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were observed as a function of the composition. In binary oxides, monoclinic structure (ℽ-phase) was observed until Mo substitution (x) reached 0.2. A coexistence of both monoclinic and orthorhombic phases was observed for x varying from 0.2 to 0.8. All synthesized n-semiconducting materials were photoelectrochemically active in water splitting under the acidic condition of HClO4. The highest PEC activity was observed for the sample with low Mo content (x = 0.05) for which the narrowest band gap was determined. The overall activity decrease encountered for Mo-rich materials can be related to a higher tendency to photoinduced proton insertion facilitated by rhombohedral structure. The insight into the mechanism was determined by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). Oxygen (m/z 32) and hydrogen peroxide (m/z 34) were identified as main products. The material with small variation in compositions (x = 0.05) significantly influenced catalytic activity and selectivity, highlighting the importance of the material’s design.
{"title":"The Impact of Composition on the Photoelectrochemical Performance of Molybdenum-Modified Tungsten Oxide in Acidic Media","authors":"Lalita Sharma, Kateřina Minhová Macounová, Roman Nebel, Petr Krtil","doi":"10.1007/s12678-025-00931-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-025-00931-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is considerably controlled by the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole charge carriers at the interface. Herein, the correlation between composition and photoelectrochemical activity is studied by utilizing molybdenum-modified tungsten oxide electrodes. Molybdenum tungsten mixed oxides (Mo<sub><i>x</i></sub>W<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were synthesized by <i>spray-freeze/freeze-drying</i> approach by varying <i>x</i> from 0 to 1 and studied as a photoanode. The structural changes after Mo substitution in tungsten oxide (Mo<sub><i>x</i></sub>W<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>; 0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1.0) were observed as a function of the composition. In binary oxides, monoclinic structure (ℽ-phase) was observed until Mo substitution (<i>x</i>) reached 0.2. A coexistence of both monoclinic and orthorhombic phases was observed for <i>x</i> varying from 0.2 to 0.8. All synthesized n-semiconducting materials were photoelectrochemically active in water splitting under the acidic condition of HClO<sub>4</sub>. The highest PEC activity was observed for the sample with low Mo content (<i>x</i> = 0.05) for which the narrowest band gap was determined. The overall activity decrease encountered for Mo-rich materials can be related to a higher tendency to photoinduced proton insertion facilitated by rhombohedral structure. The insight into the mechanism was determined by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). Oxygen (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 32) and hydrogen peroxide (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 34) were identified as main products. The material with small variation in compositions (<i>x</i> = 0.05) significantly influenced catalytic activity and selectivity, highlighting the importance of the material’s design.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"16 3","pages":"451 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12678-025-00931-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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