Electrocatalysis最新文献

Earth-abundant and efficient electrocatalysts have attracted widespread attention for achieving thorough breakthrough of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as exploring sustainable energy. In this research, a CoP₃/MoO₃ composite grown on the kapok fiber (KF) with 3D hollow tubular structure was obtained using a facile calcining synthesis approach. Due to the construction of CoP₃ and MoO₃ heterointerface favoring the fast electron transfer, the as-synthesized CoP₃/MoO₃/KF@ME showed excellent electrocatalytic OER performance, showing low overpotentials of 208 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and 351 mV at 50 mA cm⁻² with a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec⁻¹ in alkaline electrolyte, respectively. This work helped to construct a non-precious metal and biomass-derived nanomaterial.

Graphical Abstract

The development of cost-effective, high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts to replace rare noble metal oxides remains a critical challenge in advancing alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). A mesoporous cobalt-molybdenum oxide (Co–Mo–O) was synthesized via thermal decomposition to evaluate electrochemical anodic performance in alkaline solution. A low potential of 1.6 V vs. RHE at 1000 A m⁻² was recorded under optimized Co–Mo–O catalyst (0.52 M Co²⁺, 0.13 M Mo⁵⁺). Structural analysis revealed porous architecture via SEM, enhancing gas bubble detachment and stress resilience, thereby sustaining catalytic activity. Accelerated durability tests under industrial AWE conditions demonstrated exceptional stability, with minimal weight loss rates (0.1–0.2 mg day⁻¹ at 4000–6000 A m⁻²). Long-term chronopotentiometry confirmed a stable cell potential (~ 2.38 V) over 70 h, with a degradation rate of < 0.006 mg h⁻¹. These results position Co–Mo–O as scalable, noble metal-free catalysts with performance metrics approaching those of precious metal benchmarks, offering significant potential for industrial electrochemical applications.

Graphical Abstract

Herein, we reported a simple, low-cost, extremely sensitive non-enzymatic copper oxide nanotaper (CuO NT)-based electrochemical glucose sensor. CuO NT was synthesized using hydrothermal methods and characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. The carrier concentration, diffusion length, depletion width, and potential barrier were estimated using the Mott-Schottky plot. Glucose sensing performance was studied using cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different glucose concentrations. The CuO NT showed glucose sensitivity of 1.0977 mAmM⁻¹cm⁻² in the linear detection range of 5 to 300 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.467 μM. Also, the CuO NT showed excellent selectivity and stability, which makes it a promising material for non-enzymatic and noninvasive saliva glucose sensing. Further, the CuO NT-based glucose sensor was modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the unknown glucose concentration.

Crizotinib (CZT) is an anticancer drug confirmed for the treatment of lung cancer. It is a small-molecule inhibitor of tyrosine kinases. Therefore, selective and accurate measurement of CZT in human biological samples is highly significant. This research describes the first electrochemical sensor for CZT detection. Here, the design and fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is introduced. Employing the electropolymerization strategy, the MIP was synthesized on the carbon felt (CF) surface as the working electrode using pyrogallol (PG) as the functional monomer and CZT as the analyte. CF is the low-cost carbon-based material with high inherent surface area, porosity, and conductivity. There is linearity between current response and CZT concentration over a range from 0.005 to 800 nM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0016 nM. Assessment in the presence of similar compounds confirmed the superior selectivity of the sensor. Lastly, the sensor was applied for the detection of CZT in blood serum and urine samples with acceptable recovery. Furthermore, the introduced sensor’s performance was compared and verified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This electrochemical sensor provides a promising possibility for practical applicability.

Graphical Abstract

Electrochemical methods provide a sustainable, effective, and adaptable solution for detecting pollutants in various ecological and industrial environments. This review examines the principles, operational mechanisms, and progress in different electrochemical sensors, such as potentiometric, conductometric, amperometric, and photoelectrochemical sensors. These sensors exhibit remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the identification of pharmaceutical contaminants, agricultural pesticides, industrial emissions, and biological pollutants at minimal concentrations. Significant developments comprise molecularly imprinted sensors for drugs like losartan and remdesivir, inkjet-printed nitrate sensors for soil analysis, and carbon-nanostructured potentiometric sensors for heavy metals, including mercury and cadmium. Moreover, advancements like photoelectrochemical sensors that employ materials like BiVO₄ and SiO₂/WO₃ appear promising for identifying pesticides and food impurities through enhanced light-based techniques. Although there are obstacles such as expenses and scalability, the incorporation of renewable energy and innovative nanomaterials improves the practicality of these methods, facilitating sustainable and accurate pollutant tracking.

Graphical Abstract

A novel nanotubular hausmannite (NT-HSM) was synthesized using a readily available ultrasonic water bath and thoroughly characterized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of nanotubes with an average diameter of ~ 10 nm, featuring distinctive pea-pod-like structures both within and on the outer walls, which served as nucleation sites for uniform nanotube growth. The electrochemical properties of NT-HSM were evaluated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and employing it for the sensitive detection of nicotine. Electrochemical quantification was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry in 0.05 M NaClO₄ (pH 7). DPV and amperometric measurements demonstrated a linear relationship between peak current and nicotine concentration in the range of 1–130 µM, with a detection limit of 0.9 µM. The impact of common interfering species such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) was assessed, revealing no significant influence on the oxidation response of nicotine, thereby confirming the high selectivity of the NT-HSM modified electrode. The electro-oxidation of nicotine was attributed to an intermediate electron transfer mechanism facilitated by the Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ redox couple. Furthermore, the NT-HSM based sensor was successfully applied to the determination of nicotine in commercial cigarette sample, exhibiting a well-defined and reproducible redox response. These findings highlight the potential of NT-HSM as an efficient electrode modifier for selective and sensitive nicotine detection.

Graphical Abstract

An advanced water electrolysis process that generates clean and sustainable hydrogen fuel offers a scalable solution for storing abundant but intermittent energy from renewable sources by converting water into hydrogen and oxygen using an electric current, facilitating the integration of renewable energy into practical applications. Moreover, synthesis of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing nanomaterials is correspondingly crucial for advancing water-splitting technology. This study introduces a green synthesis approach for Cu-doped CeO₂ nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. A 3D nanocage network of Cu-CeO₂ electrocatalyst exhibits featured electrochemical performances for HER and arduous OER significantly lowering the overpotential due to the reduced reaction barrier, lower resistance, and accelerated charge transfer process. The Cu-doped CeO₂ exhibits lower overpotentials of 142 mV and 166 mV at current densities of 50 mA cm⁻² and 100 mA cm⁻², respectively, and a Tafel slope of 58.8 mV dec⁻¹, indicating superior catalytic activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Cu doping on the CeO₂ matrix increases the rate of H₂O adsorption during water-splitting reaction due to the introduction of Cu-3d orbitals near the Fermi level (E_F), which enhances charge carrier density. Overall, Cu-doped CeO₂ nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced performance for green hydrogen production as an energy vector, while the green synthesis method offers a sustainable, low-impact alternative for producing high-performance nanomaterials.

Graphical Abstract

Tween (TW) compounds, on account of their environmentally benign and non-toxic characteristics, were systematically studied as prospective eco-friendly suppressants in the process of copper plating for blind hole filling. The synergistic effects between TW and other additives were verified by means of chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The outcomes of the electrochemical tests revealed that the competitive adsorption behavior between bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) and TW is contingent upon the current density and the intensity of convection. Metallographic section analysis demonstrated that TW exhibits outstanding microvia filling capabilities for micro blind vias with a diameter of 150 µm and a depth of 80 µm. Notably, TW-80 was able to attain a filling rate of 96.15% following electrodeposition for 60 min at a current density of 2 A/dm². Quantum chemical calculations suggested that the relatively smaller band gap and the clustered molecular structure of TW-80 are more conducive to its adsorption onto the electrode surface, leading to the formation of a barrier layer, which in turn restrains the deposition of copper.

Graphical Abstract

The present study explores the potential of molybdenum disulfide–reduced graphene oxide/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) (MoS₂-rGO/poly(p-ABSA)) for the detection of morphine (MO). The developed nanocomposites have an interconnected 3D network structure, in which the organic conducting polymer poly(p-ABSA) forms a uniform coating over the surface of the MoS₂-rGO composite. The composite film synthesis has been optimized to improve the electrocatalytic behavior of the developed sensor. The synergetic effect of MoS₂-rGO and poly(p-ABSA) composites contributed towards the excellent electrocatalytic activity of the developed sensor against MO. A low detection limit of 76 nM with a good regression between MO concentration and peak currents (R² = 0.99) has been achieved within the range of 50 nM to 30 µM. The fabricated sensor was successfully employed to determine MO in real samples and the results showed that it exhibited better reliability for real samples assay. Further, the potential of MoS₂-rGO/poly(p-ABSA)-based sensor as a commendable electrochemical sensing platform for simple and sensitive detection of various analytes has also been proposed.

Graphical Abstract

Dopant positioning within metal oxide lattices has a significant influence on catalytic performance, yet it remains underexplored in many transition metal-doped systems. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study demonstrates that cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) dopants preferentially integrate into the bulk of the ZnO lattice, thereby limiting their availability at active surface sites critical for efficient oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. The results also indicate that hydroxyl coordination effectively stabilizes these dopants at the surface, enhancing overall catalytic activity. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring dopant location to optimize reaction kinetics in electrocatalytic applications, laying the groundwork for experimental validation through in situ techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).

Graphical Abstract