Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22452/afkar.vol23no1.10
Mohammad Qaed Mohammad Qaed Hassan Alwajeeh
This study highlights the differences of political thought between Zayd bin ‘Alī bin Abi Talib r.a and Yaḥyā bin al-Ḥusayn, founder of Zaydiyyah state in Yemen regarding the doctrine of al-Imamah, al-Wisayah, al-‘Ismah, al-Rajʽah and al-Taqiyyah. Therefore, this article adopts the inductive descriptive historical approach to achieve the objectives of the study. The most significant results shows that Zayd bin ‘Alī denied the Imams’ infallibility, al-Mahdiyyah and rajʽah, al-Wisayah (guardianship), taqiyyah and otherwise acknowledged the legitimacy of the two early caliphs; which makes his madhhab among the most moderate and the closest to the Sunni. In contrast, Yahyā bin al-Ḥusayn linked the concept of imamate to the Prophethood, acknowledged rajʽāh and al-Wisayah as proof of the legitimacy of ‘Ali (radiyallah anh) and his sons as imams. This stand shows an agreement with the Twelver (Shia Ithna ‘Ashariyyah).
{"title":"The Origin of Transformation of ‘Aqidah and Their Impact on Politics: A Study on Zayd bin ‘Alī and Yaḥyā bin al-Ḥusayn","authors":"Mohammad Qaed Mohammad Qaed Hassan Alwajeeh","doi":"10.22452/afkar.vol23no1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol23no1.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights the differences of political thought between Zayd bin ‘Alī bin Abi Talib r.a and Yaḥyā bin al-Ḥusayn, founder of Zaydiyyah state in Yemen regarding the doctrine of al-Imamah, al-Wisayah, al-‘Ismah, al-Rajʽah and al-Taqiyyah. Therefore, this article adopts the inductive descriptive historical approach to achieve the objectives of the study. The most significant results shows that Zayd bin ‘Alī denied the Imams’ infallibility, al-Mahdiyyah and rajʽah, al-Wisayah (guardianship), taqiyyah and otherwise acknowledged the legitimacy of the two early caliphs; which makes his madhhab among the most moderate and the closest to the Sunni. In contrast, Yahyā bin al-Ḥusayn linked the concept of imamate to the Prophethood, acknowledged rajʽāh and al-Wisayah as proof of the legitimacy of ‘Ali (radiyallah anh) and his sons as imams. This stand shows an agreement with the Twelver (Shia Ithna ‘Ashariyyah).","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77967570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL23NO1.5
Syed Redzuan Alsagoff, A. G. Hassan, W. Abdullah
Changes in the understanding of gender are making it complicated to use gender as a category of analysis. Previously, it was generally accepted that gender is a binary category, comprising of male and female, based on clear biological distinction. Then came the idea that gender is a sociocultural construct. More recently, gender is said to be based on each person’s personal conception of himself or herself. These novel ideas have detached the meaning of gender from its biological foundation and have consequently made the concept of gender ambiguous and subjective, with theoretically infinite possible interpretations that can formulate an indeterminate number of genders. Such arbitrariness is unsuitable for scientific analysis. Accordingly, mainstream economists, in their aspiration to be scientific, have largely ignored these semantic developments and have continued to use the biologically defined binary categorisation of gender, presumably because of its practicality when used in economic analysis. From an Islamic perspective, economists are right to use such definition of gender, not because it is practical to do so, but because it conforms to reality and truth (ḥaqq) as revealed by religion. This article discusses these ideas as well as their history and interactions to show that from an Islamic perspective the number of genders is not indeterminate, nor is gender only practically binary, but it is really and truly binary in line with the worldview of Islam.
{"title":"The Concept of Gender and Its Acceptability as a Category of Analysis in Economics: An Islamic Perspective","authors":"Syed Redzuan Alsagoff, A. G. Hassan, W. Abdullah","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL23NO1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL23NO1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the understanding of gender are making it complicated to use gender as a category of analysis. Previously, it was generally accepted that gender is a binary category, comprising of male and female, based on clear biological distinction. Then came the idea that gender is a sociocultural construct. More recently, gender is said to be based on each person’s personal conception of himself or herself. These novel ideas have detached the meaning of gender from its biological foundation and have consequently made the concept of gender ambiguous and subjective, with theoretically infinite possible interpretations that can formulate an indeterminate number of genders. Such arbitrariness is unsuitable for scientific analysis. Accordingly, mainstream economists, in their aspiration to be scientific, have largely ignored these semantic developments and have continued to use the biologically defined binary categorisation of gender, presumably because of its practicality when used in economic analysis. From an Islamic perspective, economists are right to use such definition of gender, not because it is practical to do so, but because it conforms to reality and truth (ḥaqq) as revealed by religion. This article discusses these ideas as well as their history and interactions to show that from an Islamic perspective the number of genders is not indeterminate, nor is gender only practically binary, but it is really and truly binary in line with the worldview of Islam.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89086873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to clarify the Qur’anic aspects of human development and the role and effect of ‘aqīdah on it based on the thoughts of Sayyid Quṭb as in his tafsir of Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān. The problem statement indicates the need to identify the types, priorities and mechanisms of human development according to the Qur’an as described in Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān. It also aims to find out the position of ‘aqīdah in the development process as well as its relationship with other aspects. The study that used the method of thematic analysis shows the aspect of the Qur’an in human development as highlighted by Quṭb consists of four things namely, faith (‘aqīdah), spiritual, ethical and intellectual. However, Quṭb seems to neglect the discussion on physical aspect. He is found to emphasize the aspect of ‘aqīdah as the most important aspect and should be given priority, while other aspects are seen to firmly attached to it. These other aspects need to be consolidated and connected with each other. In addition, the study shows that each aspect needs to be developed through a specific mechanism such as various acts of worship like prayer, zakat and others.
{"title":"The Qur’anic Aspects of Human Development With Special Reference to the Role of ‘Aqīdah in Tafsīr al-Zilāl of Sayyid Quṭb: A Thematic Study","authors":"Mohamed Amine Hocini, Mustaffa Abdullah, Fouad Bounama","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to clarify the Qur’anic aspects of human development and the role and effect of ‘aqīdah on it based on the thoughts of Sayyid Quṭb as in his tafsir of Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān. The problem statement indicates the need to identify the types, priorities and mechanisms of human development according to the Qur’an as described in Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān. It also aims to find out the position of ‘aqīdah in the development process as well as its relationship with other aspects. The study that used the method of thematic analysis shows the aspect of the Qur’an in human development as highlighted by Quṭb consists of four things namely, faith (‘aqīdah), spiritual, ethical and intellectual. However, Quṭb seems to neglect the discussion on physical aspect. He is found to emphasize the aspect of ‘aqīdah as the most important aspect and should be given priority, while other aspects are seen to firmly attached to it. These other aspects need to be consolidated and connected with each other. In addition, the study shows that each aspect needs to be developed through a specific mechanism such as various acts of worship like prayer, zakat and others.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.5
Mohd. Hilmi Ramli
This study discusses the sources of knowledge based on Sa‘d ‘Umar Mas‘ūd al-Taftāzānī’s (d. 492 A.H/ 1390 A.D) exposition in his uṣūl al-fiqh work Sharḥ al-Talwīḥ ‘alā al-Tawḍīḥ li Matn al-Tanqīḥ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. This study focuses on the active and dynamic inter-relational function of the senses (al-ḥiss) and the intellect (al-‘aql), which are the two key channels of knowledge established for the mukallaf, besides the true reports (khabar ṣādiq). Al-Taftāzānī expounds the nature of mukallaf’s external senses functioning to perceive sensible objects of knowledge, the function of the internal senses to perceive the intelligible object of knowledge, and the locuses of each of the internal senses are in the brain. Al-Taftāzānī asserts the prominence of the fifth internal sense, the Rational Imaginative (al-mufakkirah), above all the other internal senses. The function of the Rational Imaginative is not for reproduction only, but it also performs in creating (ibtikār) new form, which the form has not been imagined by the senses before it. In other words, it points to the potentiality of the soul of the mukallaf, to create new knowledge. Al-Taftāzānī discusses the four stages of the intellect, which he indicates that for the mukallaf, it is at least to acquire at the second level of the intellect; al-‘aql bi al-malakah (intelligence in habitus; intellectus in habitu), because the intellect at this level has already acquired the necessary knowledge and the conceptual knowledge of the Sharī‘ah, that allow mukallaf to act accordingly. This study found that al-Taftāzānī’s exposition on the senses and the intellect as channels of knowledge are not only descriptive, but prescriptive. As a result, the students, researchers, and scholars in the science of uṣūl al-fiqh can analyse the mukallaf not as a passive recipient of the legal judgment, but mukallaf is also the active interpreter of God’s legal judgment. It can therefore be concluded that al-Taftāzānī’s exposition contributed significantly to the deeper understanding of the epistemological and psychological aspects of mukallaf, as one of the key pillars in the science uṣūl al-fiqh.
本研究讨论了基于Sa ' d ' Umar Mas ' ūd al-Taftāzānī(公元492年/公元1390年)在其uṣūl al-fiqh著作sharmah al- talw ' ' alā al-Tawḍīḥ li Matn al- tanq ' f ' Uṣūl al-fiqh中的阐述的知识来源。本研究的重点是感官(al-ḥiss)和智力(al- aql)的主动和动态的相互关系功能，这是为穆卡拉特建立的两个关键的知识渠道，除了真实的报告(khabar ṣādiq)。Al-Taftāzānī阐述了穆卡拉夫的外部感官感知可感知的知识对象的功能，内部感官感知可理解的知识对象的功能，以及每个内部感官的所在地都在大脑中。Al-Taftāzānī主张第五种内在感官的重要性，即理性想象力(al-mufakkirah)，高于所有其他内在感官。理性想象力的功能不仅仅是为了再生产，而且它还在创造(ibtikār)新的形式，这种形式之前没有被感官想象过。换句话说，它指出了穆卡拉夫灵魂创造新知识的潜力。Al-Taftāzānī讨论了智力的四个阶段，他指出，对于穆卡拉夫来说，它至少是在智力的第二级获得;Al - ' aql bi Al -malakah(习性中的智力;因为这一层次的智力已经获得了必要的知识和关于sharah的概念性知识，这使得穆卡拉夫能够相应地行动。本研究发现，al-Taftāzānī对感官与智力作为知识渠道的论述不仅是描述性的，而且是规定性的。因此，uṣūl al-fiqh科学的学生、研究人员和学者可以分析穆卡拉夫不是作为法律判决的被动接受者，而是作为真主法律判决的主动解释者。因此，可以得出结论，al-Taftāzānī的论述对更深层次地理解作为科学uṣūl al-fiqh的关键支柱之一的穆卡拉夫的认识论和心理学方面做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"Al-Taftāzānī’s Sources of Knowledge in Sharḥ al-Talwīḥ ‘alā al-Tawḍīḥ li Matn al-Tanqīḥ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh","authors":"Mohd. Hilmi Ramli","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the sources of knowledge based on Sa‘d ‘Umar Mas‘ūd al-Taftāzānī’s (d. 492 A.H/ 1390 A.D) exposition in his uṣūl al-fiqh work Sharḥ al-Talwīḥ ‘alā al-Tawḍīḥ li Matn al-Tanqīḥ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. This study focuses on the active and dynamic inter-relational function of the senses (al-ḥiss) and the intellect (al-‘aql), which are the two key channels of knowledge established for the mukallaf, besides the true reports (khabar ṣādiq). Al-Taftāzānī expounds the nature of mukallaf’s external senses functioning to perceive sensible objects of knowledge, the function of the internal senses to perceive the intelligible object of knowledge, and the locuses of each of the internal senses are in the brain. Al-Taftāzānī asserts the prominence of the fifth internal sense, the Rational Imaginative (al-mufakkirah), above all the other internal senses. The function of the Rational Imaginative is not for reproduction only, but it also performs in creating (ibtikār) new form, which the form has not been imagined by the senses before it. In other words, it points to the potentiality of the soul of the mukallaf, to create new knowledge. Al-Taftāzānī discusses the four stages of the intellect, which he indicates that for the mukallaf, it is at least to acquire at the second level of the intellect; al-‘aql bi al-malakah (intelligence in habitus; intellectus in habitu), because the intellect at this level has already acquired the necessary knowledge and the conceptual knowledge of the Sharī‘ah, that allow mukallaf to act accordingly. This study found that al-Taftāzānī’s exposition on the senses and the intellect as channels of knowledge are not only descriptive, but prescriptive. As a result, the students, researchers, and scholars in the science of uṣūl al-fiqh can analyse the mukallaf not as a passive recipient of the legal judgment, but mukallaf is also the active interpreter of God’s legal judgment. It can therefore be concluded that al-Taftāzānī’s exposition contributed significantly to the deeper understanding of the epistemological and psychological aspects of mukallaf, as one of the key pillars in the science uṣūl al-fiqh.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76413260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.9
Salasiah Binti Hanin Hamjah, Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar, Zaizul Ab Rahman, R. Rasit
Adolescents are important assets to the nation and can potentially bring it to a brilliant and glorious level if prepared with mental ability and good physical condition. However, many social phenomena that involve the demise of moral in the behaviour of adolescents are gradually worrying with the increase of adolescent juvenile cases such as premarital pregnancy, free sex, baby abandonment, skipping school, smoking, taking drugs, rape, prostitution, snatching, stealing, bullying, running away and killing. In this regard, the mastery of parenting skills, especially in the aspect of adolescent spirituality, is one of the measures to tackle the issue of adolescence following home-based education. Hence, this study was conducted to examine parenting skills through the spiritual aspect applied to adolescents in the family in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The design of this research is survey study using questionnaire instrument to 384 respondents selected purposively among parents who have teenage children in Putrajaya. The data were analysed by descriptive statistic technic using SPSS version 22. The study shows that majority of the parents apply parenting skills to adolescents in their families through spiritual aspects by guiding them not to associate God (mean=3.71). This shows that the ‘aqidah education is a major concern in the family. The implications of this study can help parents to strengthen parenting skills in Islamic perspective and apply them in the process of educating adolescents in the family. This study also contributes knowledge to responsible parties in Malaysia such as LPPKN, JAKIM and MoH in managing family affairs and adolescents in Malaysia more effectively.
{"title":"Applying Spiritual Aspect of Parenting Skills to Adolescents in the Family","authors":"Salasiah Binti Hanin Hamjah, Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar, Zaizul Ab Rahman, R. Rasit","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents are important assets to the nation and can potentially bring it to a brilliant and glorious level if prepared with mental ability and good physical condition. However, many social phenomena that involve the demise of moral in the behaviour of adolescents are gradually worrying with the increase of adolescent juvenile cases such as premarital pregnancy, free sex, baby abandonment, skipping school, smoking, taking drugs, rape, prostitution, snatching, stealing, bullying, running away and killing. In this regard, the mastery of parenting skills, especially in the aspect of adolescent spirituality, is one of the measures to tackle the issue of adolescence following home-based education. Hence, this study was conducted to examine parenting skills through the spiritual aspect applied to adolescents in the family in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The design of this research is survey study using questionnaire instrument to 384 respondents selected purposively among parents who have teenage children in Putrajaya. The data were analysed by descriptive statistic technic using SPSS version 22. The study shows that majority of the parents apply parenting skills to adolescents in their families through spiritual aspects by guiding them not to associate God (mean=3.71). This shows that the ‘aqidah education is a major concern in the family. The implications of this study can help parents to strengthen parenting skills in Islamic perspective and apply them in the process of educating adolescents in the family. This study also contributes knowledge to responsible parties in Malaysia such as LPPKN, JAKIM and MoH in managing family affairs and adolescents in Malaysia more effectively.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90504483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.7
Ungaran Rashid, Fadzilah Din, A. Syukri
This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur’an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from Islamic or Christian traditions. Analytical study of the Bible and the Qur’an, especially from contemporary commentators, and comparative approaches are conducted as the methodology of the study in this article. The purpose of this article is to study whether the topic can be applied to build a harmonious life between Christian community and Muslim community or not, especially in the situation of conflict in both communities. Besides, the research is hoped to produce a fruitful discussion between Christian and Muslim scholars. As a result of this research, the researchers have discovered an important finding, namely, the concept of peace found both in the Bible and the Qur’an relates to some aspects of life such as to be good, righteous, and introspective.
{"title":"The Concept of Peace in The Bible and The Qur’an: A Comparative Study","authors":"Ungaran Rashid, Fadzilah Din, A. Syukri","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur’an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from Islamic or Christian traditions. Analytical study of the Bible and the Qur’an, especially from contemporary commentators, and comparative approaches are conducted as the methodology of the study in this article. The purpose of this article is to study whether the topic can be applied to build a harmonious life between Christian community and Muslim community or not, especially in the situation of conflict in both communities. Besides, the research is hoped to produce a fruitful discussion between Christian and Muslim scholars. As a result of this research, the researchers have discovered an important finding, namely, the concept of peace found both in the Bible and the Qur’an relates to some aspects of life such as to be good, righteous, and introspective.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87249077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.3
M. Tumin, Mazlan Che Soh
The concept of civil society today is strongly influenced by the idea of liberalism which values individual freedom and autonomy. The main takeaway from this idea is that the role of the state, religion, and family must be minimized to ensure that the freedom and rights of individuals are achieved. Nevertheless, problems such as global warming and moral collapse indicate that without the role of nation, religion, and family, such problems would not be able to be curbed properly. The objective of this article is to highlight these three aspects from the perspectives of two traditions of thinking on the concept of civil society, namely the Western tradition and Islamic tradition. The method used is discourse analysis based on secondary data to understand the intellectualism and dynamism of these two traditional lines. This article emphasizes that the concept of Western civil society, which is deeply obsessed with anti-state approaches and intermediaries separating the role of religion, must be revisited. Accordingly, the role of the state, religion, and family in the concept of civil society needs to be reconstructed.
{"title":"Sumbangan Tradisi Barat dan Islam Terhadap Idea Masyarakat Sivil","authors":"M. Tumin, Mazlan Che Soh","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of civil society today is strongly influenced by the idea of liberalism which values individual freedom and autonomy. The main takeaway from this idea is that the role of the state, religion, and family must be minimized to ensure that the freedom and rights of individuals are achieved. Nevertheless, problems such as global warming and moral collapse indicate that without the role of nation, religion, and family, such problems would not be able to be curbed properly. The objective of this article is to highlight these three aspects from the perspectives of two traditions of thinking on the concept of civil society, namely the Western tradition and Islamic tradition. The method used is discourse analysis based on secondary data to understand the intellectualism and dynamism of these two traditional lines. This article emphasizes that the concept of Western civil society, which is deeply obsessed with anti-state approaches and intermediaries separating the role of religion, must be revisited. Accordingly, the role of the state, religion, and family in the concept of civil society needs to be reconstructed.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84337435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.2
S. Ngadiran, T. Denisova
The British settlement in Penang in the 1790s had led to the introduction of Christianity from various sects, mainly Protestant which consisted of multiple missionary societies. Amongst the most active was the London Missionary Society (LMS). However, the research conducted on LMS especially among the local researchers is minimal due to the lack of sources which are only available in certain libraries in London. Therefore, this study aims to introduce 10 works of Thomas Beighton (1790–1844) which were written in Malay Jawi. These sources highlighted the importance of this language as an element of Malay identity in Penang. Hence, textual analysis, classification and comparison methods employed by using ATLAS.ti were done to identify the preaching methods that are often used in these works. The results indicated that there were three main methods; highlighting of the similarities between Islam and Christianity, the misrepresentation of the image of Islam and the Malays, and promoting of Western ethics and Christianity as a solution in life. However, the Beighton’s mission failed when the LMS Malay Missionary Station in the region had to be closed down and consequently, they turned their attention to China in 1843.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.6
Ridwan Arif, Fuad Mahbub Siraj
Acheh as one of the earliest centres of the spread of Islam in the Malay Archipelago, had played a significant role in advancing Islamic education in the region. History recorded many scholars who came from Acheh and most of them had great influence, not only in the country, but also in the Malay-Indonesian archipelago. Among the scholars were Ḥamzah Fanṣūrī, Shams al-Dīn al-Sumaṭra’ī, Nūr al-Dīn al-Rānīrī and ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Fanṣūrī. Undoubtedly, these scholars had made significant contributions to the progress of Islamic education in this area. This study aims to investigate the contribution of ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Fanṣūrī in the effort to advance Islamic education in the archipelago in the context of Islamic educational institutions, the development of Islamic knowledge fields and literature, as well as the orientation of Islamic education. This study is based on qualitative research using document analysis methods. The findings of this study show that ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf has played a significant role in advancing Islamic education in the archipelago during the 17th century. Among his efforts in this field were the establishment of Islamic educational institutions, expanding the fields of Islamic knowledge by composing many works on each fields of knowledge, and also by introducing and applying a new orientation of Islamic education which is equilibrium between exoteric (sharī‘ah) and esoteric (Sufism) aspect of Islamic teaching.
作为伊斯兰教在马来群岛最早传播的中心之一，亚齐在促进该地区的伊斯兰教育方面发挥了重要作用。历史上记载了许多来自亚奇的学者，他们中的大多数人不仅在国内，而且在马来-印度尼西亚群岛都有很大的影响。学者中有Ḥamzah Fanṣūrī、Shams al- d n al-Sumaṭra ' '、Nūr al- d n al-Rānīrī和Abd al-Ra ' ūf al-Fanṣūrī。毫无疑问，这些学者对伊斯兰教育在这一领域的发展做出了重大贡献。本研究旨在探讨在伊斯兰教育机构、伊斯兰知识领域和文学的发展以及伊斯兰教育方向的背景下，“Abd al-Ra”ūf al-Fanṣūrī在推动群岛伊斯兰教育方面的贡献。本研究采用文献分析法进行定性研究。这项研究的结果表明，' Abd al-Ra ' ūf在17世纪群岛推进伊斯兰教育方面发挥了重要作用。他在这一领域的努力包括建立伊斯兰教育机构，通过撰写关于每个知识领域的许多著作来扩展伊斯兰知识领域，以及引入和应用伊斯兰教育的新方向，即伊斯兰教学的开放(shari ' ah)和深奥(苏菲主义)之间的平衡。
{"title":"Shaykh ‘Abd al-Ra‘ūf al-Fanṣūrī (1615-1693 CE): A Study of His Contribution to the Development of Islamic Education in the Malay World","authors":"Ridwan Arif, Fuad Mahbub Siraj","doi":"10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL22NO2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Acheh as one of the earliest centres of the spread of Islam in the Malay Archipelago, had played a significant role in advancing Islamic education in the region. History recorded many scholars who came from Acheh and most of them had great influence, not only in the country, but also in the Malay-Indonesian archipelago. Among the scholars were Ḥamzah Fanṣūrī, Shams al-Dīn al-Sumaṭra’ī, Nūr al-Dīn al-Rānīrī and ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Fanṣūrī. Undoubtedly, these scholars had made significant contributions to the progress of Islamic education in this area. This study aims to investigate the contribution of ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Fanṣūrī in the effort to advance Islamic education in the archipelago in the context of Islamic educational institutions, the development of Islamic knowledge fields and literature, as well as the orientation of Islamic education. This study is based on qualitative research using document analysis methods. The findings of this study show that ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf has played a significant role in advancing Islamic education in the archipelago during the 17th century. Among his efforts in this field were the establishment of Islamic educational institutions, expanding the fields of Islamic knowledge by composing many works on each fields of knowledge, and also by introducing and applying a new orientation of Islamic education which is equilibrium between exoteric (sharī‘ah) and esoteric (Sufism) aspect of Islamic teaching.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85187417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22452/afkar.vol22no2.4
Muhammad Fawwaz Muhammad Yusoff, Nur Izah AB Razak
The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre, the article turns to the question of medical theory, did al-Dhahabī really observe this topic? What role does medical ḥadīth play in determining how Muslims should approach classical theories of medicine? By comparing these two works, one can see that al-Dhahabī’s al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī developed in interaction with and extension of the al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb, as well as an attempt to bring forth a new form of medicine, that would integrate Ibn Sīnā’s medical theory with Prophetic ḥadīth.
伊本·桑努伊(公元427年/公元1037年)对盖伦医学的描述对中世纪伊斯兰世界的自然哲学和宗教思想有着显著的意义。正如人们可以将伊斯兰世界的哲学划分为阿维森纳会议之前和之后的时代一样，人们也可以将医学史划分为伊本·斯拉努瓦(Ibn sj ā nā)的辉煌著作al-Qānūn fal -Ṭibb(医典)之前和之后的时代。本文比较了al-Qānūn f æ al-Ṭibb和al- dhahab ' s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al- nabawyi的医学理论，以确定中世纪的al-Ṭibb al- nabawyi流派是否受到后阿维森纳传统的影响。为了评估这一理论对预言医学流派写作的影响，本文首先分析了这两篇著作的引言部分，以及al-Ṭibb al- nabawi著作的后续发展。这将形成中世纪解剖学和哲学立场的比较观点。鉴于传统的预言医学是al-Ṭibb al- nabawi流派的焦点，文章转向医学理论的问题，al- dhahab真的观察到这个主题吗?医学ḥadīth在决定穆斯林应该如何处理经典医学理论方面扮演什么角色?通过比较这两部作品，我们可以看到al- dhahab ' s al-Ṭibb al- nabawi ' s在与al-Qānūn f ' al ' -Ṭibb的互动和扩展中发展起来，同时也试图提出一种新的医学形式，将伊本·萨纳伊的医学理论与先知ḥadīth结合起来。
{"title":"Medieval Theoretical Principles of Medicine in Ibn Sīnā’s al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī","authors":"Muhammad Fawwaz Muhammad Yusoff, Nur Izah AB Razak","doi":"10.22452/afkar.vol22no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol22no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre, the article turns to the question of medical theory, did al-Dhahabī really observe this topic? What role does medical ḥadīth play in determining how Muslims should approach classical theories of medicine? By comparing these two works, one can see that al-Dhahabī’s al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī developed in interaction with and extension of the al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb, as well as an attempt to bring forth a new form of medicine, that would integrate Ibn Sīnā’s medical theory with Prophetic ḥadīth.","PeriodicalId":53770,"journal":{"name":"Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam-Journal of Aqidah & Islamic Thought","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79152289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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